Uploaded October 2023 | Updated September 2026, 1 day ago
You can find all my A Level Chemistry videos fully indexed at freesciencelessons.co.uk/a-level-revision-videos/a-level-chemistry
In this video, we look at directing groups in the reactions of benzene compounds. First we explore how the hydroxyl and amine groups can activate the benzene ring. We then look at how these groups direct substitution to carbons 2 and 4. Next, we look at how the nitro group reduces the reactivity of the benzene ring and how this directs substitution to carbon 3.
You can find all my A Level Chemistry videos fully indexed at freesciencelessons.co.uk/a-level-revision-videos/a-level-chemistry
In this video, we look at directing groups in the reactions of benzene compounds. First we explore how the hydroxyl and amine groups can activate the benzene ring. We then look at how these groups direct substitution to carbons 2 and 4. Next, we look at how the nitro group reduces the reactivity of the benzene ring and how this directs substitution to carbon 3.

![GCSE Biology Revision Sizes of Cells
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In this video, we look at the sizes of cells. We explore the meaning of the words millimetre, micrometre and nanometre and how these relate to cells and the objects within cells.
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Image credits:
Helicobacter pylori By Yutaka Tsutsumi, M.D. Professor Department of Pathology Fujita Health University School of Medicine [Copyrighted free use], via Wikimedia Commons
Lymphocyte By No machine-readable author provided. NicolasGrandjean assumed (based on copyright claims). [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) or CC BY-SA 2.5-2.0-1.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5-2.0-1.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
Little finger By Pogrebnoj-Alexandroff - open free cources, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1939117
Ballpoint CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=179315
German shepherd By Ellen Levy Finch (Elf) - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=80113
Neutrophils By Dr Graham Beards - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=20521666
Haemoglobin By Zephyris at the English language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2300973
Cheek cells
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cheekcells_stained.jpg
Mulletsrokk, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons GCSE Biology Revision Sizes of Cells](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/t2Gi-kzZpZM/mqdefault.jpg)








