Uploaded October 2023 | Updated September 2026, 12 hours ago

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You can find all my A Level Biology videos fully indexed at freesciencelessons.co.uk/a-level-revision-videos/a-level-biology

In this video, we look at the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. These are also called the Calvin cycle and consist of three steps: fixation, reduction and regeneration. During the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is fixed and converted to glucose and other molecules.