Hubble Space Telescope | 4000 Years of Women in Science @hubblespacetelescope | Uploaded November 2021 | Updated October 2024, 5 hours ago.
Sethanne Howard, Washington Academy of Sciences
For more than 4,000 years of written knowledge, women have participated in the great human adventure of science. This historical record demonstrates that science and technology are by no means gender specific. Female creativity and genius fill our technical past, yet their fundamental contributions can be missing from our textbooks and data. The stories of these women not only provide role models for future scientists, but they also strengthen and broaden our ability to respond to today’s challenges. Dr. Howard covers the exciting and enchanting history of women in science and technology — where we have been, where we are, and where we are going.
Host: Frank Summers, Space Telescope Science Institute
Recorded live on Tuesday, November 2, 2021
More information: www.stsci.edu/public-lectures
Sethanne Howard, Washington Academy of Sciences
For more than 4,000 years of written knowledge, women have participated in the great human adventure of science. This historical record demonstrates that science and technology are by no means gender specific. Female creativity and genius fill our technical past, yet their fundamental contributions can be missing from our textbooks and data. The stories of these women not only provide role models for future scientists, but they also strengthen and broaden our ability to respond to today’s challenges. Dr. Howard covers the exciting and enchanting history of women in science and technology — where we have been, where we are, and where we are going.
Host: Frank Summers, Space Telescope Science Institute
Recorded live on Tuesday, November 2, 2021
More information: www.stsci.edu/public-lectures
![The Orion Nebula: Visible and Infrared Views [UltraHD]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SSCSC5SWoTY/hqdefault.jpg "The Orion Nebula: Visible and Infrared Views [UltraHD]
This sequence uses infrared (Spitzer) and visible (Hubble) images to reveal the formation of stars within a large cloud of hydrogen gas and dust. The warm gas lights up in the infrared view as red, and the hydrocarbon dust appears in green. The starlight from young stars appears in blue. The flood of starlight provides extra illumination throughout the dusty environment and in front of the cloud. The threads of gas, reminiscent of clouds on Earth, are compressed and pushed into knots by the winds from forming stars throughout the region. The clouds appear as shadows in this visible-light view. However, in areas where the gas has mostly been cleared or thinned, glowing cavities can be seen inside these cocoons. The combined view hints at the nebula’s complex three-dimensional structure.
Video: NASA, ESA, and G. Bacon (STScI)
Image: NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (STScI/ESA) and the Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team (STScI)")
![A Flight Through the CANDELS Ultra Deep Survey Field [Ultra HD]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SUyDcyHpFhc/hqdefault.jpg "A Flight Through the CANDELS Ultra Deep Survey Field [Ultra HD]
This visualization traverses the CANDELS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) field to showcase the varied appearances of galaxies and their three-dimensional distribution. The sequence features a dense cluster of galaxies about 6 billion light-years away and extends to galaxies at more than twice that distance. Because the light from these galaxies has travelled for billions of years across space, the images show the galaxies as they appeared billions of years ago. In addition, the expansion of space has redshifted the light of these galaxies toward longer wavelengths (i.e., to the red end of the visible-light region and into the infrared-light region). The changes seen in galaxies during the fly-through illustrate the changes in galaxy structure and appearance over billions of years of cosmic history.
CANDELS is an acronym for the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey project. One of the largest projects ever done with the Hubble Space Telescope, CANDELS surveyed five fields to study the development of galaxies over time. The CANDELS observations of the UDS field complement ground-based observations from the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope.
Astronomers and visual artists extracted over 26,000 galaxies from the Hubble UDS images and created a computer model based on the measured and estimated properties. Note that the distances used in the visualization are significantly compressed for cinematic purposes.
Credits: NASA, ESA, F. Summers, J. DePasquale, G. Bacon, and Z. Levay (STScI)
Acknowledgement: H. Ferguson, A. Koekemoer, and the CANDELS Team
Music: Rotisserie Graveyard by Doctor Turtle CC BY 4.0
Download movie files at: http://hubblesite.org/video/984/science")
![Cosmic Reef: NGC 2014 & NGC 2020 [Ultra HD]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/WoFQTYUSi_U/hqdefault.jpg "Cosmic Reef: NGC 2014 & NGC 2020 [Ultra HD]
This science visualization presents the dramatic landscape of two nebulas in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The video, based on images by NASAs Hubble Space Telescope, takes viewers on a close-up tour of the nebulas three-dimensional structures, as envisioned by scientists and artists.
The movie begins with the Hubble view of NGC 2014 (lower left) and NGC 2020 (upper right). The region has been nicknamed the Cosmic Reef, because of its resemblance to an undersea world. The camera then flies past myriad stars for a close-up look at NGC 2014. The first stop is the bubble of hot gas on the left that has a coral-like appearance. Energetic ultraviolet light from the systems most massive stars has heated the gas, while strong stellar winds (streams of charged particles) help create its bubble structure.
The journey continues into the heart of the nebula, home to extraordinarily massive and bright stars. The glowing gas in this region is bathed in the stars intense luminosity. In contrast, the dark, denser gas is resisting that radiation, and is blown back to form craggy, mountainous shapes. The virtual flight moves past ridges, valleys, and pockets of new star formation.
The camera then rises up and over a ridge of NGC 2014, revealing the three-dimensional structure of neighboring NGC 2020. The Wolf-Rayet star at its core is the mammoth, intensely hot source of this nebula. Episodes of outbursts from the young star have produced cloudy rings and clumps in the bright blue gas. While Hubble views NGC 2020 looking down the axis of the stellar outflows, the visualization finishes with a side view that illustrates the nebulas double-lobed structure.
Credit: NASA, ESA, G. Bacon, J. DePasquale, L. Hustak, J. Olmstead, A. Pagan, D. Player, and F. Summers (STScI)
Music: Cosmic Reef by J. DePasquale (STScI) CC BY 4.0")
