3 levels of "perpendicular" @blackpenredpen

Uploaded July 2024 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago

Here's what I came up with for the difference between perpendicular, normal, and orthogonal. But at the end of the day, no one will get mad at you if you use one term over the other. The only exception might be "orthogonal" when you have to check the property by the dot production (aka inner product).

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