13.8 Billion Years in 60 Seconds #shorts @ArvinAsh

Arvin Ash | 13.8 Billion Years in 60 Seconds #shorts @ArvinAsh | Uploaded 1 year ago | Updated 2 hours ago
Watch the full video on the fascinating history of our universe here: youtu.be/OUnYkixy3ug
#shorts #arvinash

$How the World’s First CYBERWEAPON destroyed physical objects! Sign up for ESET Home internet security for FREE: https://www.eset.com/us/protecting-art-smart/ ESET is sponsoring the STARMUS festival in Bratislava, Slovakia May 12-17, 2024: https://www.starmus.com/ TALK TO ME on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/arvinash REFERENCES: How ChatGPT works: https://youtu.be/WAiqNav2cRE CSOonline Stuxnet article: https://tinyurl.com/yovpvh5m Anatomy of Stuxnet: https://tinyurl.com/2xjkpqxe Medium article on Stuxnet: https://tinyurl.com/233j7dj8 Avast article on Stuxnet: https://www.avast.com/c-stuxnet IEEE article: https://www.avast.com/c-stuxnet Significance of Stuxnet: https://tinyurl.com/267jugyp News Story about Nanatz attack: https://tinyurl.com/28kjgoe3 CHAPTERS: 0:00 How Stuxnet started 1:58 Who created Stuxnet & Why 3:54 How Stuxnet worked 6:33 How Stuxnet was detected 9:54 What Stuxnet implies for the future of hacking 11:44 ESET is a way to protect yourself (sponsor) SUMMARY: It is thought that a person working at an Iranian nuclear facility inserted a malware-infected USB drive into a computer. This malware is called Stuxnet and was developed by the USA and Israel specifically to damage Iranian centrifuges which were involved in enriching Uranium for development of a nuclear bomb. This set the Iranian nuclear program back by about 2 years. This was the first known case of physical equipment being damaged by malware. It was the first case of cyber warfare. The year was about 2005. This particular malware was designed in such a way that it mostly stayed dormant and made such subtle changes over such a long period of time, that no one noticed it for years. #stuxnet #virus It was designed specifically to target PLCs, that is Programmable Logic Controllers. These are industrial computers that control industrial processes. In this case the target was centrifuges. Iran had gone to great lengths to ensure security. For example the facility’s computers were not physically connected to any computer outside the facility. This is called an air gap. So there was seemingly no way to infiltrate these computers remotely via any kind of internet or extranet. Stuxnet exploited at least 4 previously unknown Windows vulnerabilities. These are called zero day vulnerabilities – they are security flaws for which the vendor has not yet made a patch. Stuxnet was discovered in 2010, but it’s estimated that development on it probably began in 2005 under the George W Bush and Barak Obama administrations. These administrations believed that if Iran were to develop atomic weapons, Israel would launch airstrikes against them, which could trigger a major conflict and destabilize the region. Developing and unleashing a cyberwarfare software weapon was seen as a nonviolent alternative. The program was labeled Operation Olympic Games. It was designed to destroy the centrifuges that Iran was using to enrich uranium for its nuclear bomb program. Why is enrichment needed? Because Mined Uranium has only a small fraction of fissile U235 of 0.7%. It has to be at least 90% U235 in order to be used in a nuclear weapon. A centrifuge is used to spin uranium fast enough to separate the lighter U235 isotope from U238. The nature of these centrifuges is such that they tend to have a short lifetime. They get damaged in normal operation. But Stuxnet was able to damage many more than in normal operation. Stuxnet altered Siemens PLC programming which caused the centrifuges to spin irregularly, damaging or destroying them more often in the process. And even more brilliantly, while this malfunction was happening, the worm used a vulnerability in the Siemens software to change the PLCs programming so that it would tell all the controlling computers that nothing was wrong. So it infected both the computer software and the control software running the PLCs. How was the Stuxnet worm eventually detected? Only after it unexpectedly spread beyond the air gap of the Iranian nuclear facility. No one knows exactly how it got out. Kaspersky lab estimates that it took a team of at least 10 developers 3 years to develop the worm. Neither the US nor Israel have officially admitted to creating Stuxnet, and none of its developers have ever come forward. Stuxnet showed, for the first time, that malware can actually affect the physical world, not just your PC or digital data. In this case it was destroying centrifuges. But subsequent cyberattacks have targeted other types of machines, for example Industroyer, developed by Russia-sponsored hackers, targeted industrial control systems and disrupted the Ukranian power grid in 2016. Stuxnet showed that almost nothing is off limits to hackers intent on malice. A hacker could conceivably take over and put such devices under the control of a malicious entity. Imagine someone taking over your IV drug dosage remotely while you’re in the hospital, or remotely driving your car.$

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$Eternal Inflation: The BEST MULTIVERSE Theory of Reality Claim your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash. Start your free trial TODAY so you can watch The Cosmos about the controversy between God vs Science. https://www.magellantv.com/series/science-vs-god/the-cosmos Also enjoy the rest of MagellanTV’s science collection. Background video on Cosmic Inflation: https://youtu.be/q5dy-NtVeF0 References: Alan Guth paper on Cosmic Inflation: https://t.ly/0yYW Stephen Hawking paper on detecting multiverse: https://t.ly/FBo7 Eternal Inflation Wiki: http://t.ly/ClO7 Chapters: 0:00 - Why inflation? Why eternal inflation? 1:46 - Science vs God documentary 2:53 - How random radioactive decay is like inflation 5:40 - Show multiple universes could form 7:52 - Standard theory vs Eternal inflation theory 9:24 - What is the nature of the other universes? 10:28 - How do we prove the existence of multiverses? 12:04 - Stephen Hawkings last paper 12:26 - From Copernicus to insignificance Summary: The big bang model has some problems - homogeneity, flatness, and lack of magnetic monopoles. Cosmic Inflation occurred when the entire universe shortly after its beginning, expanded exponentially fast for a fraction of a second. One implication of this is that the universe on large scales may not be so homogenous. Inflation could have ended at different times in different places. This would mean that the universe is bigger and more complex than we realize. This concept is called ETERNAL inflation. Inflation occurred due to the decay of the scalar inflation field. It decayed into other fields and particles. After this expansion, the universe kept expanding but at a much slower rate. The length of inflation can be calculated, but this only tells us how long it should last ON AVERAGE. But quantum mechanics means there will be randomness. Inflation could last a bit longer or shorter than expected in different parts of the universe. This is analogous to radioactive decay where half life results in some atoms decaying and others not. We cannot predict which atoms will decay and which will not. Inflation may work similarly. Like the concept of half-life, quantum uncertainty may cause, half the volume of the expanded universe to stop inflating after a fraction of a second, but it could continue in the other half of the universe. The part where inflation stopped would be like a bubble universe. But space continues expanding exponentially in the other half, and after another fraction of a second, a second bubble universe forms. Steinhardt, Linde and Vilenkin showed that if the if the decay of the inflation field happens slower than the rate of expansion of the universe, then inflation could go on forever, creating more and more bubble universes. Unlike radioactive decay, where all the material decays over time because no new material gets created, eternal inflation could go on forever because new space is being created all the time. If the theory of eternal inflation is correct, we are inside one of these bubbles. What we think of as the start of the universe may be just the point at which inflation simply ended in our part of the universe. But what the universe is on much larger scales is an unimaginably vast multiverse of universes. What is the nature of these other universes? The fundamental laws of quantum mechanics should still apply, since inflation is derived from quantum mechanics. Most physicists think there is probably some universal laws of nature that describes the entirety of the multiverse. Are these universes the same as ours? There is nothing in the laws of physics that requires a universe to have the same laws as ours or same fundamental constants as ours. We may never be able to directly detect these other universes because the space between them is expanding so fast that no communication at the speed of light could occur. But, wormholes may be able to connect universes. Understanding of high energy physics could give us some clues. Also background gravitational waves may tell us what happened at the beginning of the universe. #eternalinflation #multiversetheory A 2018 paper published posthumously by Steven Hawking and Thomas Hertog alludes to the idea that the background gravitational waves may hold the clues that tell us about whether potential multiverses exist.$

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