Vladimir Lenin on the Train Sir Manatee 2023-11-15 | Thanks to Supremacy 1914 for sponsoring this video - Play Supremacy 1914 for FREE on PC or Mobile: 💥 s1914.onelink.me/TX2k/f57m7n7o Receive an Amazing Unique Starter Pack, only available for the next 30 days!If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeThis video will cover everything you will need to know about Vladimir Lenin’s train journey from Switzerland to Russia in spring of 1917. It can probably be considered as the most fateful trip that has been organised in the 20th century. In the episode, you will learn why the German Empire was so keen on smuggling the Russian revolutionary back to his home country, how the journey was organised and what its immediate consequences were. Sources:- Creuzberger, Stefan: Das deutsch-russische Jahrhundert. Geschichte einer besonderen Beziehung, Hamburg 2022. - Gerwarth, Robert: Die Besiegten: Das blutige Erbe des Ersten Weltkriegs, München 2016. - Hirschfeld, Gerhard & Krumeich, Gerd: Deutschland im Ersten Weltkrieg, Frankfurt am Main 2013.- Kälin, Adi: Der russische Revolutionär und die Spiesser, in: Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 22.02.2017, https://www.nzz.ch/zuerich/wo-lenin-in-zuerich-spuren-hinterlassen-hat-lenin-und-die-friedlichen-spiesser-ld.146969 (accessed on 09.11.2023).- Lenin, Vladimir: Farewell Letter to the Swiss Workers, 08.04.2017, marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1917/mar/26b.htm (accessed on 12.11.2023).- Leonhard, Jörn: Der Primat des Krieges? Deutschland und die Russische Revolution 1917/18, in: Tauber, Joachim & Tschubarjan, Alexander (Ed.): Zeitenwende: deutsche und russische Erfahrungen 1917–1919, Berlin 2022, pp. 41-50.- Merridale, Catherine: Lenins Zug. Eine Reise in die Revolution, Frankfurt am Main 2017.- Service, Robert: Lenin. A Biography, Basingstoke & Oxford 2000. Chapters: 0:00 Introduction0:45 Supremacy 19141:42 The German Empire in 19174:57 Lenin in Switzerland7:45 The Planning Process10:41 The Journey Begins13:13 Arrival in Petrograd14:59 The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk17:41 Outro
The Bosnian Annexation Crisis Sir Manatee 2024-07-30 | Play War Thunder now with my link, and get a massive, free bonus pack including vehicles, boosters, and more: https://playwt.link/sirmanatee Thanks to War Thunder for sponsoring this video.War Thunder is a highly detailed vehicle combat game containing over 2000 playable tanks, aircrafts, and ships spanning over 100 years of development. Immerse yourself completely in dynamic battles with an unparalleled combination of realism and approachability.If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanatee The Bosnian Annexation Crisis of 1908 marks one of the most important episodes in the background to the outbreak of the First World War. Austria-Hungary had annexed the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina after 30 years of occupation, which unexpectedly caused a giant diplomatic crisis. It completely destroyed the cooperation between Austria-Hungary and Russia in the Balkans and brought Europe to the brink of war. But what was it about? Who was responsible for causing this crisis and how was it finally resolved? What consequences did it have? This episode will answer all of these questions and many more!Literature: - Adam, Karl: Großbritanniens Balkandrama. Die britische Balkanpolitik von der bosnischen Krise bis zu den Balkankriegen 1908-1913, Hamburg 2009. - Clark, Christopher: Die Schlafwandler. Wie Europa in den Ersten Weltkrieg zog, 12th edition, Munich 2015. - Dülffer, Jost; Kröger, Martin & Wippich, Rolf-Harald: Vermiedene Kriege. Deeskalation von Konflikten der Großmächte zwischen Krimkrieg und Erstem Weltkrieg 1865–1914, Munich 1997. - Kann, Robert A.: Geschichte des Habsburgerreiches 1526 bis 1918, 3rd Edition, Vienna; Cologne & Weimar 1993. - MacMillan, Margaret: The War that Ended Peace. The Road to 1914, New York 2013. - Malcolm, Noel: Bosnia. A Short History, New York 1994. - Rumpler, Helmut: Eine Chance für Mitteleuropa. Bürgerliche Emanzipation und Staatsverfall in der Habsburgermonarchie 1804-1914, Vienna 1997. - Ruthner, Clemens: Habsburg’s Only Colony? Bosnia-Herzegovina and Austria-Hungary, 1878-1918, in: SEEU Review 13 (2018), Nr. 1, pp. 2-14. Chapters: 0:00 Bosnia under the Habsburg Crown3:38 War Thunder5:09 Conflict with Serbia9:30 Annexation of Bosnia13:37 International Reactions18:04 Tensions rise in Europe20:50 The End of the Crisis and its Consequences24:37 The Agram Trial28:10 Outro
The Dispute over Fiume after WW1 Sir Manatee 2024-07-04 | If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanatee The multicultural city of Fiume sparked a series of national conflicts soon after the disintegration of the Habsburg Empire. Italian nationalists claimed it as a natural part of Italy, while the Yugoslavs wanted it for themselves. Fiume itself remained highly divided on this question, until Gabriele D’Annunzio marched in with his legionnaires and proclaimed the annexation to Italy. When the Italian government refused to accept that offer, D’Annunzio instead proclaimed his own state, the Regency of Carnaro. In this episode, we will learn everything about the history surrounding Fiume in the first postwar years, dissect the nature behind D’Annunzio and his aspirations and discuss what affect his adventure had on Italian fascism as a whole. Sources:- Kenedi, Géza & Gerlai, Wilhelm: Nach und durch Ungarn 5. Bändchen, Von der Donau zum Quarnero. Fünfkirchen, Agram und die Zagorje, Fiume und das Küstenland, Zürich 1890. Literature:- Cattaruzza, Marina: Italy and its Eastern Border 1866-2016, New York & London 2017. - Fried, Ilona: »Out to Sea, Hungarians!« History, Myth, Memories. Fiume 1868–1945, in: Spiegelungen. Zeitschrift für deutsche Kultur und Geschichte Südosteuropas (2020), Nr. 1, pp. 99-109. - Ledeen, Michael A.: The first Duce. D'Annunzio at Fiume, Baltimore 1977. - MacMillan, Margaret: Die Friedensmacher. Wie der Versailler Vertrag die Welt veränderte, Berlin 2015. - Marcuzzi, Stefano: London, Treaty of (1915), in: International Encyclopedia of the First World War, encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/london_treaty_of_1915 (accessed on 26.06.2024).- Payne, Stanley G.: A history of fascism 1914 - 1945, Madison 1995. - Reill, Dominique Kirchner: The Fiume crisis. Life in the wake of the Habsburg Empire, Cambridge & London 2020. - Vogel-Walter, Bettina: D'Annunzio - Abenteurer und charismatischer Führer. Propaganda und religiöser Nationalismus in Italien von 1914 bis 1921, Berlin et al. 2004. Chapters:0:00 Fiume in the Habsburg Empire3:03 Italy and the Treaty of Versailles07:26 The Fiume Question arises12:16 Gabriele D’Annunzio marches into the City16:18 The Regency of Carnaro20:07 The End22:04 Impact on Mussolini and Fascism23:56 Outro
The Daily Telegraph Crisis Sir Manatee 2024-06-16 | If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanatee The Daily Telegraph affair of 1908 could easily be considered as one of Germany’s biggest political scandals. It resulted in the resignation of the Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow and destroyed Kaiser Wilhelm’s reputation beyond repair. What started off as a simple newspaper article intended to somewhat improve the sour relationship between England and Germany quickly turned into a massive domestic crisis. It questioned the Kaiser’s role in German society and his impact on the country’s foreign strategy. How could it get this far? What was the Kaiser thinking? And was the whole ordeal really his fault?Sources:- Daily Telegraph, 28.10.1908. Digital versions can be found here (for some reason neither of these links feature it fully):ghdi.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=757https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/- Die Zukunft, 65, 1908/1909.Literature: - Clark, Christopher: Die Schlafwandler. Wie Europa in den Ersten Weltkrieg zog, Zwölfte Auflage, München 2015.- Clark, Christopher: Kaiser Wilhelm II. A Life in Power, London 2009.- Nonn, Christoph: 12 Tage und ein halbes Jahrhundert. Eine Geschichte des deutschen Kaiserreichs 1871-1918, München 2020. - Orgill, Nathan N.: “Different Points of View?”. The Daily Telegraph Affair as a Transnational Media Event, in: The Historian 78 (2016), Nr. 2, pp. 213-257.- Otte, Thomas G.: ‘An altogether unfortunate affair’: Great Britain and the daily telegraph affair, in: Diplomacy & Statecraft 5 (1994), Nr. 2, 296-333.- Röhl, John C. G.: Wilhelm II. Band 3. Der Weg in den Abgrund 1900-1941, München 2008.- Winzen, Peter: Reichskanzler Bernhard von Bülow. Mit Weltmachtphantasien in den Ersten Weltkrieg; eine politische Biographie, Regensburg 2013. Chapters:0:00 Intro1:54 Anglo-German Diplomacy4:53 The Daily Telegraph Crisis12:03 Discussion in the Reichstag13:23 The Chancellor’s Betrayal19:37 Reactions in Britain21:35 Outro
The Stab-in-the-back Conspiracy Theory Sir Manatee 2024-05-17 | If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanatee Everyone knows that Germany lost the First World War. Due to a combination of mistakes by the military, a lack of supplies and many other factors, German defeat only became a matter of time in 1918. After the war however, some contemporaries saw it a bit differently. They argued that the army could defintely have kept on fighting, had it not been stabbed in the back. This episode will tell you everything you need to know about the infamous stab-in-the-back myth, a conspiracy theory which circled around the young Weimar republic. Who invented it? Who spread it? Who believed it and why? And what role did it play in the end of German democracy?Literature:- Afflerbach, Holger: Auf Messers Schneide. Wie das Deutsche Reich den Ersten Weltkrieg verlor, München 2018.- Evans, Richard: The Hitler Conspiracies. Oxford 2020.- Geheran, Michael: Judenzählung (Jewish Census), in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/judenzahlung_jewish_census (accessed on 08.05.2024)- Groß, Gerhard P.: Das Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs und die Dolchstoßlegende, Ditzingen 2018.- Krumeich, Gerd: Die unbewältigte Niederlage. Das Trauma des Ersten Weltkriegs und die Weimarer Republik, Freiburg et al. 2018.- Lohalm, Uwe: Völkischer Radikalismus. Die Geschichte des Deutschvölkischen Schutz- und Trutz-Bundes 1919-1923, Hamburg 1970.- Lüdtke, Christian: Hans Delbrück und Weimar. Für eine konservative Republik - gegen Kriegsschuldlüge und Dolchstoßlegende, Göttingen 2018. Chapters:0:00 What was the stab-in-the-back myth?2:52 The Generals refuse to take the blame9:46 A socialist conspiracy?15:09 The role of antisemitism18:34 Conclusions21:38 Outro
The German Minority in Interwar Poland Sir Manatee 2024-04-28 | Use code sirmanatee at the link below to get an exclusive 60% off an annual Incogni plan: incogni.com/sirmanateeThanks to Incogni for sponsoring.If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanatee This video will cover the often overlooked history of the German minority that lived in Poland's western lands after the end of WW1. The Polish state and the Polish Germans rarly got along well and tensions increased continously. At a certain point, the fate of the German minority had a strong effect on the relationship between Germany and Poland, who would often argue in front of the international stage. In the video, we're going to take a closer look at how the German minority came to be, how it dealt with their role in the new Polish state and what role they played in the buildup to WW2. Literature: - Blanke, Richard: Orphans of Versailles. The Germans in Western Poland 1918 - 1939, Lexington KY 1993.- Blanke, Richard: The German Minority in Inter-War Poland and German Foreign Policy - Some Reconsiderations, in: Journal of Contemporary History 25 (1990), Nr. 1, pp. 87-102.- Borodziej, Wlodzimierz: Geschichte Polens im 20. Jahrhundert, Munich 2010.- Chu, Winson: The German minority in interwar Poland, Cambridge 2012. - Hauser, Przemysław: Die deutsche Minderheit in den Wojewodschaften Posen und Pommerellen 1919-1939, in: Jaworski, Rudolf & Wojciechowski, Marian (Ed.): Deutsche und Polen zwischen den Kriegen Minderheitenstatus und „Volkstumskampf" im Grenzgebiet. Amtliche Berichterstattung aus beiden Ländern 1920-1939, Munich et al. 1997, pp. 273-282. - Henschel, Christhardt & Stach, Stephan: Nationalisierung und Pragmatismus. Staatliche Institutionen und Minderheiten in Polen 1918-1939, in: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung 62 (2013), Nr. 2, pp. 164-186.- Kimmich, Christoph M.: Germany and the League of Nations, Chicago & London 1976.- Kotowski, Albert: Polens Politik gegenüber seiner deutschen Minderheit 1919 - 1939, Wiesbaden 1998.- Nordblom, Pia, "Pant, Eduard" in: Neue Deutsche Biographie 20 (2001), S. 39-40. - Rauschning, Hermann: Die Entdeutschung Westpreußens und Posens. Zehn Jahre polnischer Politik, Berlin 1930.Chapters:0:00 Intro1:06 Incogni2:20 The Treaty of Versailles5:45 The Great Exodus10:00 Polish Minority Policies17:07 The Polish Germans and the League of Nations20:21 The Rise of National Socialism25:29 193930:23 Outro
Why Wrocław has more than 800 Dwarfs Sir Manatee 2024-03-29 | Get CyberGhost for just $2.03 per month and an extra four months for free here: cyberghostvpn.com/SirManatee 🦦If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanatee When walking through the city of Wrocław, any visitor will inevitably stumble upon one of the 800 dwarfs that are spread all throughout the city. Each dwarf has its own personality and engages in certain activities. This of course begs the question: What do they even mean? Is there a symbolic reason behind them or are they just here for fun? This video will answer that question and will also explore how humour was used in 1980s Poland to fight authoritarianism. Literature:- Borodziej, Włodzimierz: Geschichte Polens im 20. Jahrhundert, München 2010.- Stein, Eliot: The cheeky gnomes taking over Wrocław, in: BBC, 18.10.2017, bbc.com/travel/article/20171017-the-truth-behind-wrocaws-cheeky-gnomes (accessed on 21.03.2024).- Szymanski-Düll, Berenika: Strategies of Protest from Wroclaw. The Orange Alternative or the Riot of the Gnomes, in: Journal of Urban History 41 (2015), Nr. 4, pp. 665-678.- Tyszka, Juliusz: The Orange Alternative. Street Happenings as Social Performance in Poland under Martial Law, in: New Theatre Quarterly 14 (1998), Nr. 56, pp. 311-323.Chapters:0:00 Intro2:00 CyberGhost VPN3:28 Poland in the 1980s5:41 Jaruzelski imposes Martial Law6:58 Birth of the Orange Alternative8:00 Street Happenings11:32 Wrocław Dwarfs13:00 Outro
Kaiser Wilhelm II in Exile Sir Manatee 2024-03-12 | Try MyHeritage for 14 days and discover your past here: bit.ly/SirManatee 🐟If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeKaiser Wilhelm II is not the type of person who gets too little attention in historiography. One aspect that often gets overlooked however is the last stage of his life, which he spent in his Dutch exile. This video will talk about why Kaiser was forced to abdicate, what his new life in the Netherlands looked like and how he attempted to regain power.Literature:- Ashton, Nigel J. & Hellema, Duco: Hanging the Kaiser. Anglo‐Dutch relations and the fate of Wilhelm II 1918–20, in: Diplomacy & Statecraft 11 (2000), Nr. 2, pp. 53-78.- Clark, Christopher: Kaiser Wilhelm II. A Life in Power, London 2009. - Gutsche, Willibald: Ein Kaiser im Exil. Der letzte deutsche Kaiser Wilhelm II. in Holland ; eine kritische Biographie, Marburg 1991. - Machtan, Lothar: Kaisersturz. Vom Scheitern im Herzen der Macht 1918, Darmstadt 2018.- Pekelder, Jacco et al.: Der Kaiser und das »Dritte Reich«, Göttingen 2021.- Röhl, John C.G.: Wilhelm II. Der Weg in den Abgrund 1900-1941, München 1993.Chapters:0:00 Intro2:39 The Kaiser abdicates6:22 Wilhelm arrives in the Netherlands11:09 Attempts to take back Power13:32 Wilhelm and the NSDAP19:44 The last Years21:50 Outro
The Occupation of Poland in WW1 Sir Manatee 2024-02-28 | Get CyberGhost for just $2.03 per month and an extra four months for free here: cyberghostvpn.com/SirManatee 🦦If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanatee In today’s episode, we’ll be taking a deep dive into the largely forgotten occupation of Poland during WW1. The German occupation completely changed Poland forever and granted its people many rights they hadn’t had before and paved the way for Polish independence. Simultaneously, Germany ruthlessly exploited the land and even sent thousands of people into forced labour. This video will look at all the various aspects and then discuss how the occupation should be viewed today.Literature:- Bemmann, Martin: „... kann von einer schonenden Behandlung keine Rede sein“. Zur forst- und landwirtschaftlichen Ausnutzung des Generalgouvernements Warschau durch die deutsche Besatzungsmacht 1915-1918, in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 55 (2007), Nr. 1, pp. 1-33.- Kauffman, Jesse: Warsaw University under German occupation. State building and nation Bildung in Poland during the Great War, in: First World War Studies 4 (2013), Nr. 1, pp. 65-79.- Lehnstaedt, Stephan: Besatzungswirtschaft im Generalgouvernement Warschau und in Osteuropa, in: Boldorf, Marcel (Ed.): Deutsche Wirtschaft im Ersten Weltkrieg, Berlin 2020, pp. 575-600.- Lehnstaedt, Stephan: Imperiale Polenpolitik in den Weltkriegen. Eine vergleichende Studie zu den Mittelmächten und zu NS-Deutschland, Osnabrück 2017- MacLean, Pam: Control and Cleanliness. German—Jewish Relations in Occupied Eastern Europe during the First World War, in: War & Society 6 (1998), Nr. 2, pp. 47-69.- Polsakiewicz, Marta: Warschau im Ersten Weltkrieg, Marburg 2015.- Steinberg, John W.: Warfare 1914-1918 (Russian Empire), in: International Encyclopedia of the First World War, encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/warfare_1914-1918_russian_empire (accessed on 08.02.2024).- Westerhoff, Christian: Zwangsarbeit im Ersten Weltkrieg. Deutsche Arbeitskräftepolitik im besetzten Polen und Litauen 1914-1918, Paderborn 2011.Chapters: 0:00 Intro0:55 CyberGhost2:22 The Occupation of Poland6:07 German Views towards Poles and Jews9:31 Politics and Administration14:23 Education 18:49 Economic Exploitation23:07 Labour Policies27:48 Conclusion29:25 Outro
The Kingdom of Poland during WW1 Sir Manatee 2024-02-02 | Watch Sam Aronow's video here: youtube.com/@UCUlmlFBHBd7_LADceRz66eA If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeIn this video, we take a deep look at the strange history of the Kingdom of Poland which was proclaimed in the middle of the First World War. It was supposed to become a German puppet state, but eventually went nowhere and destroyed the hopes of many people. We will discuss, how the German Empire developed the idea of an independent Polish state, why it failed to deliver up on its promises and why it still mattered in the creation of an actually independent Poland. Literature: - Borodziej, Włodzimierz: Geschichte Polens im 20. Jahrhundert, Munich 2010.- Davies, Norman: God's playground. A History of Poland, Volume 2 1795 to the Present, Oxford 1981. - Dowling, Timothy C.: Eastern Front, in: International Encyclopedia of the First World War, encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/eastern_front (accessed on 25.01.2024).- Kauffman, Jesse: Elusive alliance. The German Occupation of Poland in World War I, Cambridge (Mass.) 2015.- Kühn, Hartmut Michael: Polen im Ersten Weltkrieg. Der Kampf um einen polnischen Staat bis zu dessen Neugründung 1918/1919, Berlin 2018.- Lemke, Heinz: Allianz und Rivalität. Die Mittelmächte und Polen im Ersten Weltkrieg, Vienna et al. 1977.- Shubin, Aleksandr: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Russia and Ukraine, in: Lithuanian Historical Studies 13 (2008), pp. 75-100.- Spät, Robert: Für eine gemeinsame deutsch-polnische Zukunft? Hans Hartwig von Beseler als Generalgouverneur in Polen 1915-1918, in: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung 58 (2009), Nr. 4, pp. 469-500.- Steglich, Wolfgang & Winterhager, Wilhelm E.: Die Polenproklamation vom 5. November 1916, in: Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift 23 (1978), Nr. 1, pp. 105-146.Sources: Deutsche Warschauer Zeitung, 10.11.1916Chapters: 0:00 Intro1:17 Germany and Russia at each other’s Throats3:30 The Occupation of Poland5:15 Austro-Polish Solution7:27 Mitteleuropa8:37 The Proclamation of the Kingdom of Poland9:57 Hans von Beseler12:30 Political Problems16:29 Disappointment18:30 The End20:33 The Kingdom of Poland in German Memory21:50 Outro
The Parliament of Imperial Austria Sir Manatee 2024-01-19 | If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeThe Austrian parliament was probably the most chaotic of its time and thus attracted frequent visitors who went there for a good laugh. But how did it get to this point, especially after its promising start? Today’s episode will dive into the history of the Austrian Imperial Council. It explains how the common man fought for the right to vote and what that meant for the Habsburg Empire. It shows how the parliament got abused by a radical few and what kind of lessons we can learn from it.Literature: - Hamann, Brigitte: Hitlers Wien. Lehrjahre eines Diktators, München 1996.- Judson, Pieter M.: Habsburg. Geschichte eines Imperiums 1740-1918, München 2020.- Kann, Robert A.: Geschichte des Habsburgerreiches 1526-1918, Wien et al. 1993.- Konrad, Helmut: Nationalismus und Internationalismus. Die österreichische Arbeiterbewegung vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg, Wien 1976.- Ostermeyer, Günter: Bilder aus der Obstruktionszeit des Wiener Reichsrats (1897–1909), in: Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 17 (1986), H. 3, pp. 435-443.- Parlament Österreich: Geschichte des Wahlrechts, https://www.parlament.gv.at/verstehen/historisches/wahlen/geschichte-des-wahlrechts (accessed on 13.01.2024).- Rumpler, Helmut: Eine Chance für Mitteleuropa. Bürgerliche Emanzipation und Staatsverfall in der Habsburgermonarchie 1804-1914, Wien 1997.Sources:- Arbeiter-Zeitung, 04.11.1905.- Arbeiter-Zeitung, 06.11.1905.- Victor Adler: Zur Wahlrechtsreform. https://www.mediathek.at//atom/135BB645-031-00062-00000B84-135B28B9 Chapters: 0:00 Intro 1:08 Parliamentarism. A Humble Beginning 6:00 The Development of the Reichsrat 7:18 The Fight for the Right to Vote 12:44 Chaos and Obstruction 17:45 What we can learn from it 19:50 Outro
The Royal Prussian Settlement Commission Sir Manatee 2023-12-16 | In this video, we take a close look at Prussia's failed attempt to Germanise its Polish speaking regions. While the initial decades of Prussian rule were marked by an era of relative tolerance for its Polish minority, more nationalist voices called for a different approach in the 1880s. We will explain why the decision to Germanise Posen and West Prussia was made, how it worked and why it failed so catastrophically and actively strengthened the Polish national movement. The video also focuses on the village of Golenhofen, which was uniquely built as a model village to showcase the success of the Settlement Commission. This video is a cooperation with Grzegorz Grupiński, who urged me to produce this video and provided me with valuable sources and sources. Thank you so, so much for everything you've done! Here is the link to his website: goleczewo.comLiterature: - Bade, Klaus J.: Vom Auswanderungsland zum Einwanderungsland? Deutschland 1880-1980, Berlin 1983.- Blanke, Richard: Prussian Poland in the German Empire 1871-1900, New York City 1981.- Eddie, Scott M.: The Prussian Settlement Commission and Its Activities in the Land Market 1886–1918, in: Nelson, Robert L. (Ed.): Germans, Poland, and colonial expansion to the East, 1850 through the present, New York City 2009, pp. 39-63.- Hagen, William W.: Germans, Poles, and Jews. The Nationality Conflict in the Prussian East 1772-1914, Chicago 1981. - Jakobi, Verena: Heimatschutz und Bauerndorf. Zum planmäßigen Dorfbau im Deutschen Reich zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts (unpublished dissertation), Berlin 2003. - Lerp, Dörte: Imperiale Grenzräume. Bevölkerungspolitiken in Deutsch-Südwestafrika und den östlichen Provinzen Preußens 1884-1914, Frankfurt am Main & New York City 2016.- Mai, Joachim: Die preußisch-deutsche Polenpolitik 1885/87. Eine Studie zur Herausbildung des Imperialismus in Deutschland, Berlin 1962.- Stienen, Daniel Benedikt: Das Ansiedlungsdorf als nationaler Schmelztiegel? Regionale Binnendifferenzierungen eines ethnodemografischen Projekts um 1900, in: Geschichte und Gesellschaft 47 (2021), Nr. 4, pp. 563-588. - Stienen, Daniel Benedikt: Verkauftes Vaterland. Die moralische Ökonomie des Bodenmarktes im östlichen Preußen 1886-1914, Göttingen 2022. - Volkmann, Hans-Erich: Die Polenpolitik des Kaiserreichs. Prolog zum Zeitalter der Weltkriege, Paderborn 2016. - Wehler, Hans-Ulrich: Deutsche Gesellschaftsgeschichte Band 3. Von der "Deutschen Doppelrevolution" bis zum Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges 1849-1914, Munich 2008. Sources:- Berliner Tageblatt, 15.07.1903.- Dziennik Poznański, 12.04.1908.- Fischer, Paul: Ansiedlungsbauten in den Provinzen Posen und Westpreußen. Bauerngehöfte, Dorfkrüge, Gemeinde und Arbeiterhäuser, Halle an der Saale 1904.- Fischer, Paul: Landschaftsbild und Ansiedlung, in: Minde-Pouet, Georg (Ed.): 25 Jahre Ansiedlung. Zum 25. Jahrestag der Königlichen Ansiedlungs-Kommission für Westpreußen und Posen in Posen 1886-1911, Lissa 1911, pp. 21-29.- Kiehl, W.: Golenhofen bei Posen. Ein Musterdorf?, in: Heike C.(Ed.): Die Gartenkunst, Berlin 1907, pp. 71-73.- [Königliche Ansiedlungskommission]: Zwanzig Jahre deutscher Kulturarbeit, Berlin 1907.- Huret, Jules: En Allemagne. De Hambourg aux marches de Pologne, Paris 1908.- Neumann, Friedrich Julius: Germanisierung oder Polonisierung? (Ein Beitrag zur Nationalitäts- und Grundeigentumsstatistik der Provinz Posen), in: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 41 (1883), pp. 457 – 463.Links:- Grupiński, Grzegorz: Osadnicy Golenhofen. goleczewo.com/golenhofen/osadnicy (accessed on 06.12.2023).- Grupiński, Grzegorz: Pociąg zatrzymuje się w Golęczewie. goleczewo.com/2023/08/17/20-sierpnia-1904-pociag-zatrzymuje-sie-w-goleczewie (accessed on 05.12.2023).- Grupiński, Grzegorz: Rodzina Arwa – golęczewscy potentaci z Węgier. goleczewo.com/2023/07/28/rodzina-arwa-goleczewscy-potentaci-z-wegier (accessed on 06.12.2023).- Grupiński, Grzegorz: Szkoła. goleczewo.com/szkola (accessed on 05.12.2023).Chapters:0:00 Introduction1:04 Prussian rule over Poland3:51 "Ostflucht" and a change of Policy6:40 The Settlement Commission9:39 Golenhofen18:22 Why Germanisation failed22:32 The Legacy of Golenhofen24:54 Outro
The Republic of Kraków Sir Manatee 2023-11-09 | Play World of Warships here: wo.ws/40vYBoPThank you World of Warships for sponsoring this video.During registration use the code BRAVO to get for free: 500 doubloons, 1.5 million credits, 7 Days of Premium Account time, and a ship!Applicable to new users only.If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeIn this video, we will take a look at the history of the Republic of Kraków, a semi-independent city state created after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. It was one of the few countries in Europe that actually functioned on a republican basis, which makes it quite unique for the time period. It was also the main centre for Polish nationalists, who in the fateful year of 1846 attempted to finally liberate the Polish lands from the partitioning powers. Sources:- Chvojka, Michal: Zwischen Konspiration und Revolution. Entstehung und Auswirkungen der Revolution von 1846 in Krakau und Galizien. Wahrnehmung und Aktionsradius der Habsburger Polizei, in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 58 (2010), Nr. 4, pp. 481-507.- Dabrowski, Patrice M.: Cracow and Warsaw, in: Makaš, Emily Gunzburger & Conley, Tanja Damljanović (Ed.): Capital Cities in the Aftermath of Empires: Planning in Central and Southeastern Europe, Abingdon 2010, pp. 189-208. - Davies, Norman: God’s Playground. A History of Poland Volume II, New York 2005. - Franaszek, Piotr: Economic effects of Cracow’s frontier location between 1772 and 1867, in: Augustynowicz, Christoph & Kappeler, Andreas (Ed.): Die galizische Grenze 1772-1867. Kommunikation oder Isolation?, Vienna 2007, pp. 21-32.- Häusler, Wolfgang: Österreich und die Polen Galiziens zur Zeit des “Völkerfrühlings” (1830-1849), in: Leitsch, Walter & Wawrykowa, Maria (Ed.): Polen - Österreich. Aus der Geschichte einer Nachbarschaft, Vienna & Warsaw 1988, pp. 125-180. - Jakimyszyn, Anna: The Jewish Community in Kraków and Kazimierz and the Jewish Communal Authorities in the Light of Internal Sources (16th – 18th Centuries), in: Mesto a Dejiny 1 (2012), Nr. 1-2, pp. 57-67.- Judson, Pieter M.: Habsburg. Geschichte eines Imperiums, Munich 2020. - Schmidt-Rösler, Andrea: Gesetzgebung und Politik gegenüber der jüdischen Bevölkerung in der Republik Krakau 1815-1846, in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 41 (1993), Nr. 2, pp. 210-241. - Sowa, Kazimierz Z.: The Development of Cracow in the 19th Century against the Background of the Historic Role of the City, in: The Polish Sociological Bulletin 73/74 (1986), pp. 113-124.- Wandycz, Piotr S.: The Lands of Partitioned Poland 1795-1918, Seattle & London 1974.Chapters: 0:00 Introduction1:27 World of Warships2:44 The Republic of Kraków 4:36 Politics5:44 Economics7:30 Kraków and its Jewish Minority10:44 City Development13:17 The Galician Uprising and its Consequences18:38 Outro
Why the Kaiserreich built so many Monuments Sir Manatee 2023-09-12 | If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeNo other country at the time had such an addiction to building monuments and memorials like Germany. Hundreds, if not thousands of statues, towers and other monuments were built in order to glorify the German Empire and its rulers. But where did this frenzy come from? Who had anything to gain from that? This episode answers those questions and gives an overview over four of the most interesting national monuments. Sources: - Alings, Reinhard: Monument und Nation. Das Bild vom Nationalstaat im Medium Denkmal zum Verhältnis von Nation und Staat im deutschen Kaiserreich 1871-1918, Berlin 1996.- Arndt, Monika: Das Kyffhäuser-Denkmal – Ein Beitrag zur Politischen Ikonographie Des Zweiten Kaiserreiches, in: Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch, Nr. 40 (1978), pp. 75–127.- Barmeyer, Heide: Denkmalbau und Nationalbewegung. Das Beispiel des Hermannsdenkmals, in: Baltrusch, Ernst et al. (Ed.): 2000 Jahre Varusschlacht. Geschichte - Archäologie - Legenden, Berlin 2012, pp. 287-314. - Hutter, Peter: Zur Baugeschichte des Völkerschlachtdenkmals in Leipzig, in: Keller, Katrin (Ed.): Vom Kult zur Kulisse: das Völkerschlachtdenkmal als Gegenstand der Geschichtskultur, Leipzig 1995, pp. 42–61.- Poser, Steffen: Zur Rezeptionsgeschichte des Völkerschlachtdenkmals zwischen 1914 und 1989, in: Keller, Katrin (Ed.): Vom Kult zur Kulisse: das Völkerschlachtdenkmal als Gegenstand der Geschichtskultur, Leipzig 1995, pp. 78-104.- Austilat, Geschichte der Berliner Siegessäule: Gehört der umstrittene Engel zum europäischen Kulturerbe?, in: Tagesspiegel, 18.06.2018 (accessed on 03.09.2023).- Bernhard, Henry: Barbarossa als Touristenmagnet und Mythos der extremen Rechten, in: Deutschlandfunk Kultur, 03.09.2019 (accessed on 04.09.2023).- Von Lüpke, Pyramide des Patrioten, in: Der Spiegel, 18.10.2013 (accessed on 05.09.2023).- Schmitter, Wo die Legionen blieben, in: Süddeutsche Zeitung, 16.11.2022 (accessed on 04.09.2023).Chapters: 0:00 Introduction0:25 The Kaiserreich and its Monuments2:59 Victory Column, Berlin5:50 Hermann Monument, Detmold8:33 Kyffhäuser Monument, Thuringia12:23 Monument to the Battle of the Nations, Leipzig15:46 Outro
Posen/Poznań and the Kaiserreich Sir Manatee 2023-08-31 | If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeThis episode will cover the fascinating and multicultural city of Posen or Poznań during the days of the German Empire. It explains how ethnic Poles were seen and treated by the Prussian government and where that sentiment came from. It then gives an overview into how the city changed into an imperial residence for the German Kaiser. Sources: - Balzer, Brigitte: Die preußische Polenpolitik 1894-1908 und die Haltung der deutschen konservativen und liberalen Parteien (unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Provinz Posen), Frankfurt am Main 1990. - Blanke, Richard: Prussian Poland in the German Empire (1871-1900), New York 1981.- Lerp, Dörte: Imperiale Grenzräume. Bevölkerungspolitiken in Deutsch-Südwestafrika und den östlichen Provinzen Preußens 1884-1914, Frankfurt am Main 2016.- Schwendemann, Heinrich: Das Posener Schloß. Von der „Kaiser-” zur „Führerresidenz”, in: Schirmann, Sylvain (Ed.): Annexion et nazification en Europe. Actes du colloque de Metz 7-8 Novembre 2003, Metz 2004, pp. 119-132.- Serrier, Thomas: „Deutsche Kulturarbeit in der Ostmark. Der Mythos vom deutschen Vorrang und die Grenzproblematik in der Provinz Posen,(1871-1914), in: Müller, Michael G. & Petri, Rolf (Ed.): Die Nationalisierung von Grenzen. Zur Konstruktion nationaler Identitäten in sprachlich gemischten Grenzregionen, Marburg 2002, pp. 13-35.- Urban, Thomas: Von Krakau bis Danzig. Eine Reise durch die deutsch-polnische Geschichte, Munich 2000. - Volkmann, Hans-Erich: Die Polenpolitik des Kaiserreichs, Paderborn 2016.Karnau, Oliver: Hermann Josef Stübben. https://rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/hermann-josef-stuebben/DE-2086/lido/57c958908030b5.52862003 (accessed on 26.08.2023)Neubach, Helmut: Gründung der Königlichen Akademie in Posen. kulturstiftung.org/zeitstrahl/gruendung-der-koeniglichen-akademie-in-posen (accessed on 26.08.2023)Chapters: 0:00 Era of Tolerance1:15 Posen as a Prussian Province3:25 The Polish Population5:40 A “Prussian Prague”8:39 The New City10:03 The Imperial Quarter13:55 The Kaiser’s New Castle16:15 Outro
The Swiss General Strike of 1918 Sir Manatee 2023-07-26 | If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeIn November of 1918, a nation-wide general strike was proclaimed in Switzerland. After four years of hardship, the fear of a communist revolution clashed with a desire for better living conditions. Those tense three days almost led to a violent confrontation between the military and the protestors, but it famously didn’t. This video discusses the strike’s background, why it had to end and its consequences for Swiss society. Sources:- Artho, Daniel: Revolution und bolschewistischer Terror in der Schweiz? Der Verschwörungspropagandist Serge Persky und die Deutung des schweizerischen Landesstreiks von 1918, in: Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Geschichte 69 (2019), Nr. 2, pp. 282-301.- Degen, Bernard & Koller, Christian: Protest und Streiks in der Schweiz in der zweiten Hälfte des Ersten Weltkriegs, in: Journal of Modern European History 17 (2019), Nr. 1, pp. 64-82.- Fluri, Lucien: Wurde 1918 der Mord vertuscht? Rechtsmediziner äussert Zweifel an der offiziellen Darstellung, in: Luzerner Zeitung, 14.11.2018, https://www.luzernerzeitung.ch/solothurn/grenchen/wurde-1918-der-mord-vertuscht-rechtsmediziner-aussert-zweifel-an-der-offiziellen-darstellung-ld.1297438 (accessed on 20.07.2023)- Gautschi, Willi: Der Landesstreik 1918, Zürich 1968. - Schneider, Oliver: Die Schweiz im Ausnahmezustand. Expansion und Grenzen von Staatlichkeit im Vollmachtenregime des Ersten Weltkriegs 1914–1919, Zürich 2019. - Tanner, Jakob: Geschichte der Schweiz im 20. Jahrhundert, Munich 2015.- Walter, François: Histoire de la Suisse T4. La Création de la Suisse Moderne (1830-1930), Neuchâtel 2010.Letter of Ulrich Wille to Camille Decoppet, 04.11.1918, found in: https://www.bar.admin.ch/bar/de/home/service-publikationen/publikationen/geschichte-aktuell/landesgeneralstreik--11--bis-14--november-1918.html (accessed on 19.07.2023)Music Used: Andree - Concert Ouverture in D MajorBeethoven - Symphony No. 5Chapters: 0:00 Intro0:42 Switzerland in WW13:10 The Social Democrats organise themselves4:20 Mass protests6:40 The Strike breaks out12:00 A communist coup?13:36 Consequences14:57 Outro
The History of the Czech Minority in Vienna Sir Manatee 2023-07-16 | If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeIn the 19th century, the Austrian capital of Vienna saw an unprecedented immigration of people from Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. In fact, so many Czech people moved to Vienna that it became the largest Czech city in the world, even before Prague and Brünn. This video explains why so many decided to take the journey, how their life changed after arrival and why so few of them are left today. Sources:- Bled, Jean-Paul: Wien. Residenz - Metropole - Hauptstadt, Vienna & Cologne 2002. - Brousek, Karl M.: Wien und seine Tschechen. Integration und Assimilation einer Minderheit im 20. Jahrhundert, Munich 1980.- Eisinger, Thomas: Die tschechische Zuwanderung nach Wien von 1850 bis 1914. Zwischen Beibehaltung nationaler Identität und vollständiger Assimilation, Unpublished diploma thesis, Vienna 2017. - Glettler, Monika: Das tschechische Wien historisch, in: Rothmeier, Christa (Ed.): Die entzauberte Idylle. 160 Jahre Wien in der tschechischen Literatur, Vienna 2004, pp. 77-190.Pichler, Gerhart: Die Tschechen und Slowaken in Wien und Niederösterreich (1526-1976), in: Bohemia 23 (1982), Nr. 1, pp. 16-50.- Adler, Victor: Die Lage der Ziegelarbeiter, in: Gleichheit, 1. December 1888. Link to the article: https://www.mitteninhernals.at/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Victor-Adler-Die-Lage-der-Ziegelarbeiter.pdfMusic Used: Litvinovsky - Le grand CahierMozart - Symphony Nr. 40Tchaikovsky - Valse SentimentaleChapters:0:00 Introduction0:31 First signs of Migration2:28 Industrialisation5:22 Life and Work9:20 Women10:00 Integration11:10 Cultural Conflicts12:22 Remigration13:56 Legacy and Outro
Otto von Bismarck: A Complicated Legacy Sir Manatee 2023-06-26 | Go to https://ground.news/SirManatee to stay fully informed on breaking news, compare coverage and avoid media bias. Try it out or subscribe through my link for 30% off the Vantage plan if you support the mission and find it as useful as I do. Discount ends on June 30, 2023.Otto von Bismarck is arguably the most divisive figure in German history. His reputation and his memory have changed drastically over the course of history and the discussion is still ongoing today. This video gives an overview over the current debate and dives into the history of remembering history. Sources: - Engelberg, Ernst: Bismarck. Sturm über Europa, Munich 2014. - Raasch, Markus et. al (Ed.): Die deutsche Gesellschaft und der konservative Heroe. Der Bismarckmythos im Wandel der Zeit, Aachen 2010. - Urbach, Karina: Between Saviour and Villian: 100 Years of Bismarck, in: The Historical Journal 41, Nr. 4, pp. 1141-1160.Music Used:Bach: Brandenburg ConcertoBeethoven - Symphony Nr 7Dvorak - Serenade for E stringsHallen - Die ToteninselHaydn - SurpriseTchaikovsky - The Snow MaidenVivaldi - Concerto dor two violinsChapters:0:00 Contemporary Discussion4:50 Ground News6:20 German Empire10:22 Weimar Republic15:06 [Redacted]17:47 West Germany20:51 East Germany24:16 Outro
How Königsberg became Kaliningrad Sir Manatee 2023-05-20 | If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeHow did German Königsberg become Soviet Kaliningrad? This video gives a detailed overview of the city’s history from 1945 to 1970 and discusses the ideologies behind it, the material problems and why certain, rather controversial decisions were made. Sources: - Brodersen, Per: Die Stadt im Westen. Wie Königsberg Kaliningrad wurde, Göttingen 2008.- Freeman, Jamie: From German Königsberg to Soviet Kaliningrad. Appropriating Place and Constructing Identity, Oxford & New York 2021.- Gal’cova, Svetlana: Die Geschichte des Kaliningrader Gebietes in der sowjetischen Forschung, in: Nordost-Archiv. Zeitschrift für Regionalgeschichte 3 (1994), H. 2, S. 495-506.- Hoppe, Bert: Auf den Trümmern von Königsberg. Kaliningrad 1946-1970, München 2000.- Kossert, Andreas: Damals in Ostpreußen. Der Untergang einer deutschen Provinz, München 2010.- Sezneva, Olga: Living in the Russian Present with a German Past. The Problems of Identity in the City of Kaliningrad, in: Crowley, David & Reid, Susan E. (Hg): Socialist Spaces. Sites of Everyday Life in Eastern Bloc, Oxford 2002, S. 47-64.- Smith, Mark B.: Khrushchev’s promise to eliminate the urban housing shortage. Rights, rationality and the communist future, in: Ilic, Melanie & Smith, Jeremy (Hg.): Soviet State and Society Under Nikita Khrushchev, London 2009.Music Used: Dvorak - Serenade for StringsHallen - Die ToteninselSibelius - CassazioneTchaikovsky - Valse Sentimentale Chapters: 0:00 Introduction0:41 Königsberg in Ruins2:57 A New History of East Prussia4:48 First Architectural Plans8:07 The Housing Problem10:39 Monuments12:13 The Fate of The Königsberg Castle14:49 The Current Situation15:43 Outro
The November Uprising of 1830 Sir Manatee 2023-05-10 | If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeThe November Uprising was one of the most consequential events in modern Polish history. Its failure made sure that the Russian Empire abolished all forms of political autonomy that Poland had enjoyed after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. This video will give a detailed explanation to the circumstances that led to the Russo-Polish War and shows what the short and long term consequences looked like.Sources: - Davies, Norman: God’s Playground. A History of Poland, Volume II, 1795 to the present, New York 2005.- Ganzenmüller, Jörg: Russische Staatsgewalt und polnischer Adel. Elitenintegration und Staatsausbau im Westen des Zarenreiches 1772–1850, Cologne & Vienna 2013.- Kieniewicz, Stefan: The Emancipation of the Polish Peasantry, Chicago & London 1969.- Kocój, Henryk: Preußen und Deutschland gegenüber dem Novemberaufstand 1830-1831, Katowice 1990. - Milewicz, Przemysław: National Identification in Pre-Industrial Communities. Peasant Participation in the November Uprising in the Kingdom of Poland 1830-1831, in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 58 (2010), Nr. 3, pp. 321-352. - Wandycz, Piotr S.: The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795-1918, Seattle 1975.Music Used: Beethoven - Symphony No. 7.Tchaikovsky - Valse SentimentaleVivaldi - Concerto for Two ViolinsChapters: 0:00 Introduction0:27 Congress of Vienna1:14 The Kingdom of Poland and its Constitution4:04 Political Disputes5:01 Polish Economy7:07 Tsar Nicholas I9:53 The Revolt Begins11:55 "Polenschwärmerei"13:15 A Conservative Revolution?14:36 Consequences15:36 Outro
Why the Union between Sweden and Norway Came to an End Sir Manatee 2023-04-19 | Grab Atlas VPN for just $1.83/mo + 3 months extra before the BIG DEAL deal expires: get.atlasvpn.com/SirManatee 🦞If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeToday’s episode will give a detailed explanation to why the Union between Norway and Sweden ended in 1905. It will discuss the creation of the union and the challenges that Sweden encountered in the first few years. It also shows the conflicts between the two partners that sprung up in the 19th century and ends with the coronation of King Haakon VII.Sources:- Danielsen, Rolf et al.: Norway. A History from the Vikings to Our Own Times, Oslo 1995. - Duerr, Glen M. E.: Peaceful and Mutual Parliamentary Dissolution: Dissolved Unions in Sweden-Norway (1905) and Czechoslovakia (1993) and Their Lessons for Europe, in: Sprawy Narodowościowe 35 (2009), pp. 26-47.- Goetze, Dorothée: Die Friedensschlüsse der Nordischen Kriege 1570–1814, in: Dingel, Irene et al. (Ed.): Handbuch Frieden im Europa der Frühen Neuzeit / Handbook of Peace in Early Modern Europe, Berlin & Boston 2021, pp. 985-999.- Knutsen, Jan Normann: Aspects of the Union between Sweden and Norway (1814-1905), in: Folia Scandinavica 4 (1997), pp. 225-239.- Vedung, Evert: Why the secession of Norway in 1905 did not lead to war, in: Ruiz, Enrique Martinez & de Pazzis Pi Corrales, Magdalena (Ed.): When the Light Came from the North : Sweden, Norway and the Modernist Catalunya, Madrid 2001, pp. 145-170.Music Used: Bach - Brandenburg ConcertoHaydn - Symphony No. 45.Chapters:0:00 The Beginning of the Union2:42 Power Dynamics3:50 Atlas VPN5:08 Symbolic Disputes7:21 Scandinavianism9:14 Who will represent Norway?11:37 Dissolution becomes inevitable15:15 Outro
How The First Austrian Republic was Dissolved Sir Manatee 2023-03-11 | If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeToday's episode is the first of a series about the authoritarian regime that took control over Austria in the 1930s. It discusses what challenges the First Austrian Republic faced, what the anti-democratic elements of the country looked like and how parliament was abolished from above in such a short time span.Sources: - Carsten, Francis L.: Faschismus in Österreich. Von Schönerer zu Hitler, Munich 1978.- Meysels, Lucian O.: Der Austrofaschismus. Das Ende der ersten Republik und ihr letzter Kanzler, Vienna & Munich 1992.- Mittelmeier, Andreas: Austrofaschismus contra Ständestaat. Wie faschistisch war das autoritäre Regime im Österreich der 1930er Jahre verglichen mit Mussolinis Italien?, Saarbrücken 2010.- Tálos, Emmerich & Wenninger, Florian: Das autrofaschistische Österreich 1933-1938, Vienna 2017. - Wasserman, Janek: Black Vienna. The Radical Right in the Red City, 1918-1938, Ithaca & London 2014.Music Used: Hallen - Die ToteninselWagner - FaustChapters:0:00 Introduction0:38 Political Enemies3:29 The Schattendorf Murders and the July Revolt6:10 The Korneuburg Oath7:27 Economic Issues10:55 Erosion of Democratic Rights15:02 The First Anti-Fascist Uprising16:01 The May Constitution of 193417:32 End Card
The South Tyrol Option Sir Manatee 2023-02-26 | Grab Atlas VPN for just $1.83/mo + 3 months extra before the BIG DEAL deal expires: get.atlasvpn.com/SirManatee 🐠If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeToday's episode will cover the South Tyrol Option in the years between 1929 and 1943. It explains the history of the disputed area of South Tyrol, describes why people had to choose between Germany and Italy and it details the destiny of those who decided to leave. Sources: - Haas, Hildegard: Das Südtirolproblem in Nordtirol von 1918-1938 (Dissertation), Innsbruck 1984.- Gatterer, Klaus: Im Kampf gegen Rom. Bürger, Minderheiten und Autonomien in Italien, Vienna a.o. 1968. - Partheli, Othmar: Geschichte des Landes Tirol. Band 4 Südtirol (1918-1970), Bozen 1988.- Steininger, Rolf: 1918/1919: Die Teilung Tirols. Wie das Südtirolproblem entstand, in: Konrad, Helmut & Maderthaner, Wolfgang (Ed.): ... der Rest ist Östereich. Das Werden der Ersten Republik - Band 1, Vienna 2008, pp. 103-119.- Steininger, Rolf: Südtirol im 20. Jahrhundert. Vom Leben und Überleben einer Minderheit, Innsbruck 1997. Music Used: Mozart - Piano Concerto No. 23Schubert - Symphony No. 8Chapters: 0:00 How South Tyrol became a part of Italy3:03 Atlas VPN4:21 Italy and Germany come to an agreement9:02 The Fate of the South Tyrolers12:57 The End 14:17 Outro
The Lwów Pogrom of 1918 Sir Manatee 2023-02-12 | The Lwów Pogrom was one of the worst acts of Anti-Jewish violence in the early 20th century. And it happened in Galicia, which at the turn of the 20th century, was one of the most culturally diverse regions in Europe. This video provides the context for this event, explains the ethnic situation in Austrian Galicia and details the domestic and international repercussions. Sources: Fäßler, Peter a.o. (Ed.): Lemberg-Lwów-Lviv. Eine Stadt im Schnittpunkt europäischer Kulturen, Vienna & Cologne 1993. Hagen, William W.: The Moral Economy of Ethnic Violence. The Pogrom in Lwów, November 1918, in: Geschichte und Gesellschaft 31 (2005), Nr. 2, pp. 203-226.Prusin, Victor Alexander: Nationalizing a Borderland. War, Ethnicity, and Anti-Jewish Violence in East Galicia, 1914–1920. Tuscaloosa 2016. Music Used: Chopin - Nocturne No. 20Haydn - SurpriseSchubert - Symphony Nr. 5 in B Flat MajorChapters:0:00 Introduction0:42 Lwów and Galicia before WW16:02 Russian Occupation8:14 Rise of Ethnic Tensions10:15 End of the War12:10 The Pogrom14:20 Consequences and International Outrage
The Danish Minority within the German Empire Sir Manatee 2023-01-25 | Grab Atlas VPN for just $1.99/mo before the deal expires: get.atlasvpn.com/SirManatee 🦐If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeIn today's episode, we will find out everything about the lives of the members of the Danish minority inside the German Empire. We will learn how Germany aquired Schlewsig-Holstein, how the Danes were treated and how it was all given back to Denmark in 1920. A very special Thank You to Freddy who edited this video :)Sources: - Clark, Christopher: Preußen. Aufstieg und Nedergang 1600-1947, Munich 2008. - Kühl, Jørgen: Die dänische mInderheit in Preußen und im Deutschen Reich 1864-1914, in: Hahn, Hans Henning & Kunze, Peter (Ed.): Nationale Minderheiten und staatliche Minderheitenpolitik in Deutschland im 19. Jahrhundert, Berlin 1999, pp. 121-132. - Von Bezold, Andreas: Die parlamentarische Vertretung derdänischen und der polnischen Minderheit imDeutschen Kaiserreich 1871–1890. Gemeinsamkeiten, Unterschiede und Kooperationen (Dissertation), Hagen 2022. Chapters:0:00 Schlewsig Holstein between Denmark and Germany3:40 Atlas VPN4:54 Period of Leniency 8:21 Germanisation Policies11:53 The Beginning of the End13:20 Endcard
The Vorarlberger Referendum of 1919 Sir Manatee 2022-12-21 | Have a private Christmas & a safe New Year with Atlas VPN Premium! Get it for just $1.70/mo + 6 months extra. Limited-time offer! get.atlasvpn.com/SirManatee 🦦If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeIn today’s episode, we’re going to learn everything about the Vorarlberger Referendum of 1919 in which the Vorarlbergers voted to secede from Austria and become a Swiss canton.. This video covers the background behind it, who supported it and who didn’t and why they weren’t allowed to join Switzerland. The referendum is still very present in Austria’s memory, which is why the state of Vorarlberg is often called „Kanton Übrig”, which means something along the lines of “remaining canton.”Sources: - Bilgeri, Benedikt: Geschichte Vorarlbergs - Band 5. Kanton oder Bundesland, Untergang und Wiederkehr, Vienna a.o. 1971.- Koller, Christian: „... der Wiener Judenstaat, von dem wir uns unter allen Umständen trennen wollen." Die Vorarlberger Anschlussbewegung an die Schweiz, in: Konrad, Helmut & Maderthaner, Wolfgang (Ed.): ... der Rest ist Östereich. Das Werden der Ersten Republik - Band 1, Vienna 2008, pp. 83-102.- Pichler, Meinrad: Geschichte Vorarlbergs - Band 3. Das Land Vorarlberg 1861 bis 2015, Innsbruck 2017.Music Used:Haydn - Surprise (Symphony no. 94)Mozart - Symphony No. 40 (Molto Allegro)Von Suppe - O du mein ÖsterreichChapters:0:00 Austria Hungary and the Final Days of WW11:53 Atlas VPN3:11 The Vorarlberg Referendum6:55 Voices of Opposition10:10 Switzerland's Position12:29 The Idea of Anschluss lives on13:37 Endcard
The Faroes Under The Danish Crown Sir Manatee 2022-12-04 | Today's episode will cover the Danish Colonisation of the Faroe Islands. We'll learn about the unique Faroese identity, how Denmark established control over the archipelago and how they eventually got their (quasi) independence.If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeSources:- Franz, Angelika: Ureinwohner überraschten Wikinger auf Färöer-Inseln, https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/gerstenkoerner-auf-faeroeer-inseln-wikinger-nicht-die-ersten-siedler-a-920664.html (04.12.2022).- Jacobsen, Brigitte: Colonial Danish, in: International Journal of the Sociology of Language 159 (2003), pp. 153-164.- West, John F.: Faroe. The Emergence of a Nation, London & New York 1972.Music Used: Bach - Brandenburg ConcertoBeethoven - 5th Symphony, 4th movement, allegroKalinka Instrumental
The Flour War of 1775 Sir Manatee 2022-11-21 | After being faced with ever-growing grain prices caused by a liberalisation of the economy, ordinary French people took to the streets and fought for their right to have cheap flour. We're going to analyse what the circumstances were, what the so-called „Physiocrats" wanted, and how the revolt went down.If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeSources:- Bouton, Cynthia: The Flour War. Gender, Class and Community in Late Ancien Régime French Society, Pennsylvania University Park 1993.- Steiner, Philippe: Physiocracy and French Pre-Classical Political Economy, in: Samuels, Warren J., Biddle, Jeff E. & Davis, John B. (Ed.): A Companion to the History of Economic Thought, Hoboken 2003, pp. 62-77.- Vasold, Manfred: Die Hunger- und Sterblichkeitskrise von 1770/73 und der Niedergang des Ancien régime, in: Saeculum 59 (2008), Nr. 1, pp. 107-142.Music:Dvořák - Serenade for strings in E-majorKalinka InstrumentalRachmaninov - Prelude in C Sharp Minor
The Kotze Affair Sir Manatee 2022-11-06 | In January of 1891, a public scandal erupted in imperial Germany over a party at Grunewald castle. What were the reasons for it, how did the participants react and what were the social circumstances that led to this whole thing? If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeSources:- Dietze, Gabriele: Queering Willie. Wilhelminische Maskulinitätenund die Kaiser-Figuration, in: L' homme : Zeitschrift für feministische Geschichtswissenschaft, 22 (2011), Nr. 2, pp. 95-112.- Röhl, John C. G.: Wilhelm II. Der Aufbau der Persönlichen Monarchie, Munich 2001.- Wippermann, Wolfgang: Skandal im Jagdschloss Grunewald. Männlichkeit und Ehre im deutschen Kaiserreich, Darmstadt 2010.Music:Prokoviev - Dance of the KnightsDvořák - Serenade for strings in E-major
The Swedish Colonial Empire Sir Manatee 2022-10-23 | In today's video, you'll be given the chance to find out everything you ever wanted to know about Sweden's Colonial Empire! If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeSources: Ekengren, Frederik et al.: Sweden in the Delaware Valley. Everyday Life and Material Culture in New Sweden, in: Naum, Magdalena & Nordin, Jonas M. (ed.): Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity. Small Time Agents in a Global Area, New York et al. 2013.Ekman, Ernst: Sweden, the Slave Trade and Slavery, 1784-1847, in: Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer 62 (1975), Nr. 1&2, pp. 221-231.Nováky, György: Small Company Trade and the Gold Coast: The Swedish Africa Company 1650-1663, in: Itinerario 16 (1992), Nr. 1, pp. 57-76.Kent, Neil: A Concise History of Sweden, Cambridge 2008Music Used: Aboringman - Tunak Tunak Tun Orchestra CoverAndree - Concert Ouverture in D-MajorHallen - Die ToteninselSaint-Saëns - Danse MacabreTchaikovsky - Valse Sentimentale
The Greater Poland Uprising of 1918 Sir Manatee 2022-08-04 | Today's video will be all about the Greater Poland Uprising of 1918, one of the few actually successful Polish rebellions. We're going to explore the circumstances and decisions that led to this uprising and why exactly it is worth remembering.If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeSources: R. Blanke, 'Orphans of Versailles. The Germans in Western Poland, 1918-1939' (Lexington, University Press of Kentucky, 1993).M. Broszat, 'Zweihundert Jahre deutsche Polenpolitik' (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1972).N. Davies, 'God's Playground. A History of Poland. Volume II, 1795 to the Present' (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005).T. Urban, 'Von Krakau bis Danzig. Eine Reise durch die deutsch-polnische Geschichte' (Munich: C.H. Beck, 2000).P. S. Wandycz, 'The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795-1918' (Seattle & London: University of Washington Press, 1996).Music Used: Mussorgsky - Night on Bald Mountain Vivaldi - Concerto for Two Violins in A Minor RV522
Klein-Venedig: The first German Colony (Sort of) Sir Manatee 2022-05-28 | This video will tell you everything you need to know about the unsuccesful Welser colony, which some people consider to be the first German colonial venture. You'll find out what it was about and why it had to fail. If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeSources: A. Germán, 'Germans in the Conquest of America' (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1943).'Die Deutschen und ihre Kolonien', ed. by H. Gründer & H. Hiery (Berlin: Bebra-Verlag, 2017). A. Schaefer, 'Im Goldrausch', Spiegel Geschichte, 28 March 2021.B. Seewald, 'Die Deutschen sind schlimmer als die wildesten Löwen', Welt, 27 March 2022.M. Zeuske, 'Von Bolívar zu Chávez. Die Geschichte Venezuelas' (Zurich: Rotpunktverlag, 2008).Music Used: Beethoven - Egmont Overture
Ludwig II, the King who wanted to live in a Fairy Tale Sir Manatee 2022-05-11 | In today's video, we will examine the life and mysterious death of Ludwig II, Bavaria's most famous monarch. We'll focus on his role in the German wars of unification, his love for castles, and his mental state.If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateePage used to convert marks into euros: https://www.bundesbank.de/resource/blob/615162/13c8ab8e09d802ffcf2e5a8ae509829c/mL/kaufkraftaequivalente-historischer-betraege-in-deutschen-waehrungen-data.pdfPaper arguing in favour of Ludwig's sanity: https://www.springermedizin.de/war-das-psychiatrische-gutachten-b-von-guddens-ueber-koenig-ludw/8063820Paper arguing against Ludwig's sanity: link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00406-020-01161-8Sources:O. Hilmes, 'Ludwig II.: Der unzeitgemäße König' (Munich: Siedler, 2013). S. F. Kellerhoff, 'Wie Bismarck mit viel Schmiergeld König Ludwig II. von Bayern bestach', Welt, 14 January 2021.H. Kratzer, 'Der "Kini" wollte weg aus Bayern', Süddeutsche Zeitung, 19 Decembre 2017. C. McIntosh, 'Ludwig II of Bavaria: The Swan King' (London: I.B.Tauris, 1997)Music Used:Wagner - Faust
Why a German Prince almost became the King of Finland Sir Manatee 2021-11-30 | In this video, we'll find out how Finland managed to gain independence from one of the largest empires of all time and why exactly it chose to be led by a German, albeit only for a few months. If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeLink to the February Manifesto:histdoc.net/history/keisarik.htmlSources: G. Besier, 'The Intervention of the German Empire in the Finnish Civil War 1917/18: From Revolutionary State to Kingdom', in 1917 and the Consequences , ed. by G. Besier and K. Stokłosa (London: Routledge, 2019), pp. 47-79.B. Biener, 'Inniges Verhältnis zu einem Land, in dem er nie war', Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 17 June 2018.J. Osmo, S. Hentila and J. Nevakivi, From Grand Duchy to Modern State: Political History of Finland Since 1809 (London: Hurst & Company, 1999).J. Osmo, 'The historical background of the February Manifesto of 1899', Journal of Baltic Studies 15 (1984), 141-147. R. Schweitzer, '100 Jahre „ Februarmani fest“ Zar Nikolaus’ II.–„ Jubiläum“ eines Traumas: Rückblicke im Finnland des Jahres 1999 auf den Versuch zum Abbau der finnischen Autonomie im Russischen Reich', Zeitschrift für Politik, Wirtschaft und Kultur, 1 (2000), 47-66.Music Used:Sibelius - Scenes Historiques, Op. 25Sibelius - Cassazione, Op. 6Sibelius - Pelleas et Melisande, Op. 46: No. 4 A Spring In The ParkBeethoven - Symphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67 - I. Allegro con brio
The Nottingham Cheese Riot Sir Manatee 2021-07-18 | In this video, we'll learn everything about the Nottingham Cheese Riot and the circumstances that led to it. Cheese is serious business, after all.If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeSources: - Palmer, N., 2019. A Cheesemonger's History of The British Isles. London: Profile Books.- Rose, R.B., 1961. Eighteenth Century Price Riots and Public Policy in England. International Review of Social History, 6 (2), 277-292.- Sutton, D.C., 2015. Markets Under Attack: Rioters and Regulators in Georgian England. In: M. McWilliams, ed. Food & Markets: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2014. London: Prospect Books, 388-398.- Williams, D.E., 1976, Midland Hunger Riots in 1766. Midland History, 3 (4), 256-297.Music Used:- Vivaldi - Concerto for Strings and Basso Continuo in D Minor, RV 128: I. - Allegro non molto- Bach - Brandenburg Concerto No. 3 (Allegro-Adagio)- Litvinovsky - Le grand cahier: X. L'incendie
How Italian Ice Cream Conquered Germany Sir Manatee 2021-05-27 | Today, we'll learn everything about ice cream! Well, not exactly everything. But we will find out just why there are so many Italian ice cream parlours all over Germany.If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeSources: - Möhring, M., 2013. Vom ambulanten Handel zur Eisdiele: Die Geschichte italienischer Eismacher in (West-)Deutschland. Jahrbuch für Geschichte des ländlichen Raumes, 10, 136-150.- Möhring, M., 2009. Staging and Consuming the Italian Lifestyle: The Gelateria and the Pizzeria-Ristorante in Post-war Germany. Food & History, 7 (2), 181-202.- Bernhard, P., 2012. Italien auf dem Teller: Zur Geschichte der italienischen Küche und Gastronomie in Deutschland 1900-2000. In: Corni, G. and Dipper, C., ed. Italiener in Deutschland im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Kontakte, Wahrnehmungen, Einflüsse. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, p. 217-236.Music Used: -Tarantella Medley-Hearts of Iron 3 Soundtrack - March of Dominance-Franco Altissimi - Caramel
Polish Soldier Bears Sir Manatee 2021-05-20 | In this video, we'll relive the journey of two (well, technically three) bears, who all became part of the Polish army, one way or another. If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeSources:- Davies, N., 2016. Trail of Hope: The Anders Army. An Odyssey Across Three Continents. Warsaw: Rosikon Press.- Forsith, I., 2016. A bear’s biography: Hybrid warfare and the more-than-human battlespace. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 35 (3), 495-512.- Lorenc, M., 2015. “The Monument of Wojtek the Bear” or Polish Projectsto Commemorate Animals Involved in World War II. Przegląd Politologiczny, 3, 139-151.- Małacyewski, E., 1922. Dzieje Baśki Murmańskiej. Warsaw: Gebethner i Wolff.Music Used:- Cabaret Novelty Orchestra - That Certain Feeling- Derek Fiechter - Arabian Merchants- Freddy Martin - Warsaw Concerto- Hearts of Iron IV Soundtrack - The Red Army- Red Army March - White Army, Black Baron
The Horrible History of Haydns Head Sir Manatee 2021-04-13 | Today, we're following the head of Joseph Haydn, arguably Austria's most famous composer, on its journey through the ages. This also comes with a small lesson about phrenology. If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeSources: - Dickey, C., 2009. Cranioclepty: Grave Robbing and the Search for Genius, Lakewood: Unbridled Books.- Geiringer, K. & Geiringer, I., 1982. Haydn: A Creative Life in Music, Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press. - Jones, D. W., 2009. Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Music Used: - Haydn - Symphony No. 46 in B major - I. Vivace- Haydn - Symphony No. 45 Farewell - I. Allegro Assai
The Darien Project and the Unification of Great Britain Sir Manatee 2021-03-28 | In this video, we'll analyse what the Darien Scheme was, why it failed and how it contributed to the creation of the United Kingdom.If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeSources: - Lohre, M., 2017. Pleite im Paradies. Geo Epoche. 84 (2), 78.- Lee, C. H., 1986. The British economy since 1700: A macroeconomic perspective, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.- Smout, T. C., 1964. The Anglo-‐Scottish Union of 1707: The Economic Background. The Economic History Review 16 (3), 458.- Wafer L., 1699. A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of America.- Watt, D., 2007. The Price of Scotland: Darien, Union and the Wealth of Nations, Edinburgh: Luath Press Limited. - Wormald, J., 2005. Confidence and Perplexity: The Seventeenth Century. In: Wormald J., ed. Scotland: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p 167.Music Used: - Vivaldi - Concerto for 4 Violins - Tchaikovsky - Symphony No. 6 in B minor, Op. 74 'Pathétique', IV- David Parry, Pieter Schoeman, Vesselin - Concerto for 2 Violins in D Minor- Bach - III Allegro assai, Violin Concerto in E major
The History of Goulash Sir Manatee 2020-11-22 | Let's find out where our beloved Goulash comes from and how it became the delicious stew that we love so much today. If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeDisclaimer: This video may or may not contain terrible pronunciation errors.Likes and new subscribers are always much appreciated! Music used:- Arany Zoltán - Hungarian folk music from Transylvania- Johann Strauss - Radetzky March- Theodor Guschlbauer · Orchestre philharmonique de Strasbourg - Bella Bocca - polka [Op.163]
The Zabern Affair Sir Manatee 2020-11-02 | A video explaining one of the last big crises in pre-wartime Germany and its consequences.If you like my videos and want to make sure that I make more of them, you can support me here: ko-fi.com/sirmanateeMusic used: - Gossec - Triomphe de la République- Hohenfriedberger Marsch - Camille Saint-Saëns - Danse Macabre
