Kosmo
What Was the Earth Like after Dinosaurs?
updated
As we go deeper, the temperature will be rising and soon reach mind-boggling values…
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#Sun #Space #Star #Astronomy #Kosmo
We have made a whole film. In it, we will talk about the evolution of neutron stars, dive into the depths of a pulsar, and discuss one of the rarest and most dangerous systems, consisting of two neutron stars at once!
#shorts #Stars #Neutron #Depths #Animation #kosmo
We've made a longer video. In it, we dive into the depths of a pulsar, talk about the evolution of neutron stars and also one of the rarest and most dangerous systems consisting of 2 neutron stars at once!
#shorts #stars #neutron #neutron #cosmos #space #animation #kosmo
Have you ever wondered what would happen if you fell onto one of them? We have made a longer video. In it, we will talk about the evolution of neutron stars, dive into the depths of a pulsar, and talk about one of the rarest and most dangerous systems consisting of even two neutron stars!
#shorts #Stars #Neutron #Space #Cosmos #Animation #kosmo
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According to today’s concepts, the life of any star is determined almost exclusively by its mass. With a star’s mass being less than eight solar masses, having completed several evolutionary stages it eventually turns into a white dwarf. It is assumed that after billions of years, it will lose the rest of its energy and transform into a hypothetical object called a black dwarf.
This path is destined for more than 99% of the universe's stars, including our Sun.
If the mass of a star exceeds 8 solar masses, however, its evolution follows a different path, eventually resulting in a supernova explosion. The outer shells of the star are scattered in the surrounding space, forming a scattered gas nebula. At the centre of the system there remains a supercompact and extremely dense object - the former stellar core.
Its fate also depends entirely on its mass. If it is too great, the core of the dead star will not be able to resist the inexorable gravity and will inevitably shrink into a black hole. However, there is another way. In the case where the mass of the stellar remnant is within the range of 1.4 to 2.2 solar masses, a neutron star is formed. Gravitational forces in its interior destroy atomic nuclei, forming a superdense neutron matter with rather bizarre physical properties.
00:00 Intro
01:12 How the system PSR J0737−3039 was formed
03:25 How many neutron stars have been discovered in total?
03:52 Stellar evolution
05:34 How are neutron stars detected?
06:58 Diversity of systems with neutron stars
07:48 System PSR J0737−3039
09:16 Neutron star in section (Atmosphere)
10:16 Neutron star in section (Outer mantle)
12:02 In the depths of a neutron star (Outer core)
12:40 Neutron star in section (Inner core)
13:39 System as a whole (PSR J0737−3039)
16:39 Hypothetical planets in neutron star systems
17:26 What will happen with the system in the future?
18:32 Ending
#Neutron #Stars #Pulsars #Space #Kosmo
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Space has always beckoned man with its mystery and unpredictability. However, its vast expanses beyond our home planet have proved too harsh and dangerous for us. The freezing cold, deadly radiation and devastating vacuum have become heavy obstacles in our endevours to reach other planets and stars. That's why we've built spacecraft that can operate in the harsh conditions of outer space and reach distant celestial bodies. And today it's time to embark on a fantastic journey with them.
00:00 Intro
01:48 Mars
23:24 Saturn's rings
31:55 Titan
50:28 Io
1:14:52 Pluto
1:29:06 The Voyagers
1:39:46 Аlpha Centauri
1:50:36 Closest Stars
2:15:49 Ending
#Voyagers #Space #Film #Kosmo
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Every celestial body in the Solar System is unique in its own way. Some are frozen in eternity, like the barren Mars or else covered in ice like Pluto, while others yet, like Venus or Titan, are enveloped in a thick atmosphere,. However, there is a completely different world close to us - its depths shudder with devastating internal cataclysms, and hundreds of bubbling volcanoes unpredictably lash out at the space around with massive emissions. A huge planet covers most of its sky, occasionally eclipsing the dim Sun, and its vast valleys are painted in millions of yellow-red hues. Such is Io, Jupiter's satellite, dangerous and fierce, but at the same time so beautiful and marvellous ...
00:00 Intro
01:09The history of Io's discovery
02:13 Io (Jupiter's satellite)
03:22 Going deep into Io
05:32 Io's surface
07:35 The Pele Volcano (map of Iо)
09:29 Io's atmosphere
10:57 Boösaule Montes (map of Iо)
12:45 Loki Patera (map of Iо)
15:37 Media Regio (map of Iо)
18:17 Amirani (map of Iо))
21:09 What causes volcanism on Io
22:38 Tvashtar paterae (map of Iо)
24:22 Juno (interplanetary space probe)
25:30 Ending
#Io #Satellite #Jupiter #Kosmo
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The vast emptiness of the Universe hides countless unsolved mysteries and riddles. In the deepest darkness of outer space, there lurk many striking objects with unusual and sometimes even anomalous properties. Despite all the research, we have learnt only a very small part of the incredible diversity of the Universe, and today we will take a plunge into its most mysterious depths.
Our virtual journey will begin alongside the legendary Voyagers, which have been travelling through the expanses of space for decades now. After whizzing through the icy darkness of interstellar space, we will visit several of our nearest stars, including the amazing Alpha Centauri. And after that, we will dive into the uncharted depths of the Milky Way to find rogue planets hidden in the darkness.
Leaving millions of light-years of space behind, we will finally reach the majestic Andromeda Galaxy, which has been attracting astronomers' attention for hundreds of years. As we continue on this fantastic journey, we will eventually reach the largest empty areas in the universe — voids, which insatiably absorb even relic radiation. They are the inextinguishable, eternal echo of the Big Bang.
Let’s get ready – and we begin!
00:00 Intro
01:45 Voyagers
12:27 How to reach the closest stars?
21:50 Alpha Centauri
32:40 Closest stars
57:53 Rogue planets
1:08:25 Black hole
1:19:01 The Milky Way
1:33:49 The Andromeda Galaxy
1:54:50 The Strangest Galaxies
2:03:13 Voids
2:21:30 James Webb
2:33:50 What Lies beyond the universe’s boundaries?
2:44:48 Ending
#Universe #Void #Galaxies #Space #Cosmos #Film #kosmo
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It is currently known that the Andromeda Galaxy has a spiral structure and comprises about a trillion stars. As for its diametre, it exceeds 150 thousand light-years, and its mass is relatively small and ranges from 800 billion to one and a half trillion solar masses - about the same as the Milky Way. This is thought to be the case due to the abundance of red dwarfs and less dark matter in its composition.
00:00 Intro
01:05 A flare in the Andromeda Galaxy
02:53 The Andromeda Galaxy
03:41 SN 1885A (S Andromeda)
04:39 Andromeda's nucleus
06:01 Low-mass X-ray binary
07:47 Andromeda's central part
08:34 Andromeda's arms
09:34 AE Andromeda (AE And)
12:24 The history of Andromeda's formation
14:15 MEGA-ML 7
15:57 The star cluster NGC 206
18:07 Andromeda's disasters
18:45 A collision with the M32 galaxy
19:59 Andromeda's environs
20:57 Ending
#Andromeda #Galaxy #Space #Cosmos #Universe #Kosmo
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The universe … is filled with countless other worlds. Among the thousands of exoplanets discovered beyond the Solar System, none can yet be considered more hospitable to us than Earth. With some melted by the unbearable heat of nearby stars, others are forever encased in ice or scorched by devastating radiation. But among the many inhospitable worlds there are others that are quite different. There are great waters of oceans and rivers on their surface, clouds float across their sky, and showers and thunderstorms rage in their atmosphere. Perhaps these worlds can become the cradle for beautiful and unique life, as has once happened on the Earth. And today we're going to visit some of the most remarkable of them.
00:00 Intro
01:10 Earth Similarity Index (ESI)
06:23 System Gliese 1002
07:45 Exoplanet Gliese 1002 b
10:19 Exoplanet Gliese 1002 с
11:43 System K2-72
12:21 Exoplanet K2-72 e
16:00 Exoplanet K2-72 b and K2-72 с
16:27 Exoplanet K2-72 d
17:12 System Kepler-452
17:50 The mysterious world Kepler-452 b
22:22 Ending
#Exoplanets #Ocean #Planets #Film #Video #Kosmo
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Venture into the dazzling mysteries of the cosmos as we explore some of the most colossal and mesmerizing stars. From our very own Sun to distant giants like Betelgeuse and Stephenson 2-18, discover the immense scale and power of these celestial phenomena. Join us on this fantastic journey to uncover the secrets of the universe's fascinating titans.
00:00 Intro
01:51 The Sun
12:20 Closest stars
34:52 WR 102
45:27 Betelgeuse
57:32 CW Leonis
1:06:44 Stephenson 2-18
1:14:47 The Orion Nebula
1:28:18 Ending
#Stars #Universe #Planets #Space #Cosmos #Films #Kosmo
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If you look around our Universe, you can see that it is permeated by many shining galactic filaments and walls.
Between them there are vast stretches of the deepest space, hundreds of millions of light years in diametre, called voids. These tremendous gaps in space reach such an incredible size that the largest galaxies appear like grains of sand in comparison, and some stars burn out completely faster than a photon travelling from one edge of the cosmic abyss to the other. Even the omnipresent echo of the Big Bang is dies down in their vast depths, which hold many secrets and mysteries.
That means it's time to go to the very heart of the great abyss in space called void.
00:00 Intro
01:01 Commercial
02:23 Closest neighbours
03:41 The Local Group
04:34 The Local Sheet
05:10 The Local Void
06:36 The NGC 6503 Galaxy (Local Void)
07:58 A theory about the creation of voids
09:14 The Virgo Supercluster
10:04 The Taurus Void
12:32 The UGC 2627 and UGC 2629 galaxies (Taurus Void)
13:14 Laniakea
14:19 The history of the discovery of a giant void
15:22 The KBC Void
17:45 The scale of the universe
18:22 The Eridanus Void (the CMB Cold Spot)
19:40 CMB radiation
20:38 Ending
#Voids #Galaxies #Kosmos #Void #Kosmo
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There are countless unusual celestial bodies scattered around the vast expanses of the universe. A combination of various factors has turned some of them into mysterious anomalies, exceptional even by space standards.
Some of these objects are amazing exoplanets, strikingly similar to Earth, while others have never seen sunlight or experienced heat. There are worlds torn by continuous sandstorms, while others are covered by a vast ocean whose bottom is made of blocks of glowing ice. At the same time, in the depths of multicoloured nebulae there are giant stars capable of swallowing whole planetary systems, and millions of light years away from them jellyfish galaxies cut through the expanses of space with their shining stellar tentacles.
And today, we invite you to join us on a fantastic journey to the most incredible ones.
00:00 Intro
01:13 Teegarden b
10:52 The Most Anomalous Planets
26:44 Rogue Planets
37:15 James Webb (other worlds)
51:26 TOI-700 d
1:01:10 Horrifying Planets
1:13:12 Gliese 1214 b (ocean planet)
1:22:20 The Orion Nebula
1:36:37 Scary Planets
1:48:54 CW Leonis (a dying giant)
1:58:54 WR 102 (the hottest star)
2:09:29 Stephenson 2-18 (the biggest star)
2:17:31 The Milky Way
2:32:17 The Weirdest Galaxies
2:40:40 A Journey to the Edge of the Universe
2:52:15 What Will Happen when the Universe Is No More?
3:04:32 Ending
#Universe #Anomalies #Planets #Space #Cosmos #Film #kosmo
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We are used to imagining Mars as a cold barren planet devoid of any life-giving water and atmosphere. It’s been covered with lifeless deserts seared by lethal cosmic radiation for billions of years now. Still, the surface of Mars bears traces of ancient seas and rivers, which were even more turbulent and water-abundant than those on Earth. And the deeper we delve into the history of the Red Planet, the more startling aspect it assumes.
00:00 Intro
00:41 The ancient Mars
02:18 Immersing into Mars' depths
04:05 Map of Mars
04:36 Map of Mars (Valles Marineris)
06:50 Map of Mars (Coprates Chasma)
08:55 Map of Mars (Gale Crater)
09:30 Gale Crater (Curiosity's landing site)
10:01 Curiosity Rover's route
12:18 Map of Mars (Hellas Planitia)
14:47 Map of Mars (Jezero crater)
15:14 Jezero Crater (Perseverance's landing site)
15:59 Perseverance Mars rover's route
18:59 Mars' satellites (Phobos and Deimos)
19:58 Phobos
21:16 Deimos
22:21 Ending
#Mars #Planet #Spacecraft #Kosmo
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Today we’ll go back millions of years to the epoch of prehistoric creatures and monsters.
We will observe the first animals venturing on the coasts of the primordial continents
in search of new habitats. Then we’ll witness the rise of the most well-known animals of the Mesozoic – dinosaurs. Reaching the topmost point in their evolution, they passed into nothingness giving way to the new masters of the Earth – mammals. Millions of years will pass before our eyes, with majestic mountain peaks rising to the heavens and little creatures populating the entire planet and giving rise to thousands of forms.
0:00 Intro
01:27 Venturing from water to land
18:36 The Earth in the age of dinosaurs
36:11 The Earth after dinosaurs. The dawn of humanity
55:39 The Earth after dinosaurs. Climate change
01:23:28 Ending
#Earth #Dinosaurs #Mankind #Extinctions #video #Films #Kosmo
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We live in the age of Great Astronomic Achievements. Over 5,000 distant worlds are known to us thanks to today’s orbital telescopes. Most of those places are truly wonderful places, unique and mysterious, and sometimes extremely dangerous. There are planets out there illuminated by 2 or 3 stars at the same time whereas others are eternally shrouded in the darkness of space. Some of these worlds inspire terror by their extreme conditions while others make one marvel at their bizarre features. We have already been on a journey to the most horrifying planets before. It’s time to move on to other objects.
0:00 Intro
00:56 Commercial SurfShark VPN
02:10 The most bizarre planets
02:51 Kepler-413 b
06:26 HD 80606 b
09:08 The Kepler-36 system
13:57 Super Saturn
17:58 Ending
#Planets #Stars #Space #Universe #Film #Kosmo #Exoplanets
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Discover the fascinating transformations the Earth underwent after the extinction of the dinosaurs. From dramatic climate shifts to the rise of new species, we explore how our planet evolved through the Ice Age and shaped the world we know today. Learn about different epochs, major extinctions, and human impact on the climate. Dive into the Earth's complex history and understand the ongoing changes affecting our biosphere.
0:00 Intro
01:04 Earth's climate for 500 mln years
02:30 Dinosaurs' extinction (66 mln years ago)
05:23 Paleocene (Cenozoic Era)
06:25 Eocene
08:31 Eocene-Oligocene extinction
10:14 Oligocene
10:33 Miocene
10:46 Middle Miocene disruption
13:10 Ice age
14:46 Gauss-Matuyama reversal
15:10 Pleistocene
16:57 Mid-Pleistocene Transition
18:50 Late Pleistocene
19:17 Early human migrations
19:36 Populating Australia
21:23 Holocene
22:58 Human impact on the Earth's climate
24:55 Our time
25:29 What threat does global warming pose?
27:31 Current extinction
28:50 Ending
#Earth #Dinosaurs #Climate #Evolution #Film #Planet #Humankind #Kosmo
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We are determined to discover traces of life on remote exoplanets, so we cast our gaze far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System and into the great abyss of space. But actually just several hundred years ago a unique world was detected comparatively close to us. There are clouds in its atmosphere, it rains there and on its surface great rivers flow into lakes and seas. Still, the conditions on this fascinating celestial body are lethal, with the surface bound by incredible cold. So what is really happening on Titan?
00:00 Intro
00:55 Titan
03:08 Titan’s atmosphere
04:58 Aztlan (map of Titan)
06:40 The Menrva crater (map of Titan)
08:06 Hotei Arcus (map of Titan)
09:05 Mithrim Montes (map of Titan)
09:34 Shangri-la (map of Titan)
10:12 The Adiri area environs (map of Titan)
10:43 The Huygens probe’s landing site
13:24 Layers of Titan’s atmosphere
14:29 Kraken Mare (map of Titan)
15:00 Ligeia Mare (map of Titan)
16:54 The Dragonfly mission
18:15 Is life on Titan possible?
19:23 Ending
#Тitan #Satellite #Saturn #Photo #Kosmo
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The Milky Way is a tremendous structure in space containing billions of stars and trillions of planets. In their turn, these objects are surrounded by gigantic clouds of interstellar dust and scorching hot gas streams. By mutually interacting, all these components make up the bizarre and fascinating picture called galaxy. And today we invite you on an exciting journey across it.
0:00 Intro
01:35 Аlpha Centauri
12:25 Closest stars
38:16 Gliese 1214 b
47:25 CW Leonis
57:25 Horrifying planets
01:10:11 Black holes
01:20:47 The Milky Way
01:35:34 Ending
#MilkyWay #Galaxy #Space #Звезды #Film #Kosmo
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There is a giant cloud in space hundreds of light years away from the Earth. With some of its areas concealing dozens of yet unborn stars, others are ripped apart by tremendous flashes.
The space here is permeated by lethal ionizing radiation and threads of red-hot hydrogen, and fiery vortices are capable of absorbing whole stellar systems. This is where stars are born, the stellar nursery which is closest to the Earth. What does it conceal from us?
00:00 Intro
00:51 A journey to the Orion Nebula
03:23 Trapezium (Тheta¹ Orionis)
05:03 Тheta² Orionis
06:02 Proplyds in the Orion Nebula
07:28 An area of scattered gas
09:52 Herbig-Haro objects
11:49 Bullets in space
12:26 Beyond the Orion Nebula
14:20 Ending
#Nebula #Orion #Space #Photo #Kosmo
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Compared to gigantic galaxies and star clusters, the Solar System is no more than just a speck of dust. There are thousands of stars within the radius of 100 light years from it. With some of them barely distinguishable against the dark abyss of space, others are so bright that they can be seen even if they are in other galaxies. Besides, there are a lot of invisible objects lurking in the depths of space, too – from massive brown dwarves to rocky exoplanets comparable to our Earth in size. Some of them may harbour life while others may pose a threat.
However, all this diversity is eclipsed by the scale of our galaxy. There are 200 billion stars and over a trillion planets at the very least to be found across its expanses. It is quite impossible to completely explore this great abundance of unique space objects. Today we will talk about some of the closest ones.
00:00 Intro
01:18 Closest stars
02:18 Barnard's star
05:39 Sirius
09:03 Wolf 1061
14:03 Local Interstellar Cloud
15:57 AP Columbae
18:53 Gliese 370
21:44 Castor
24:47 Local Bubble
27:04 Ending
#Closest #Stars #Space #Planets #Kosmo
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The universe is so amazing and diverse. Countless stars are scattered across its expanses, and each and every one of them is uniquely mysterious and remarkable. Every day dozens of new stars are detected, and the exoplanets orbiting them are just as unique.
Still, while striving to discover other worlds, we should not neglect our own system – the only place in the universe with conditions favourable for the genesis and evolution of life as we know it. There are 8 planets in the Solar System, as well as dozens of satellites and millions of minor celestial bodies which remain understudied even in spite of the long years of observations and research. And today we invite you to take a little tour and see some of the most exciting ones.
0:00 Intro
02:29 Sun
13:41 Mercury
25:31 Venus
37:14 The Earth in the age of dinosaurs
55:28 The Earth after dinosaurs
01:14:57 Mars
01:25:48 The asteroid belt
01:41:29 Jupiter's satellites
01:55:53 Saturn's rings
02:09:39 Pluto
02:23:52 The Voyagers
02:35:32 Ending
#SolarSystem #Planet #Space #Jupiter #Films #kosmo
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The history of the largest modern orbital telescope began back in 1996. Its development and modernization took as long as 25 years, after which the spacecraft left our planet and set out on its journey through space. So, what is this amazing telescope like and what has it seen in the depths of space so far? Let’s take a closer look at it.
00:00 Intro
01:52 Revealing James Webb's launch
03:21 WASP-96b
05:47 The VHS 1256-1257 system
09:01 The Carina Nebula
11:48 The visible edge of the universe
14:07 Ending
#JamesWebb #Universe #Planets #Photo #Kosmo #Spacecraft
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On the periphery of the Solar System there is a little world bound by toxic ice lurking amid the great abyss of space. A giant shadow covering the stars from sight is unmovable over its rugged horizon, and the dim Sun slowly traverses the sky. The Sun rays here are not able to dissipate the semi-darkness that the frozen plain wrinkled with bottomless crevices is perpetually shrouded in. This is Pluto – a lifeless kingdom of rock and ice covered by a perpetual shadow. Let’s find out more about it.
00:00 Intro
00:53 Pluto
03:04 New Horizons
05:05 Tombaugh Regio (map of pluto)
07:48 Cryovulcano (map of pluto)
08:25 Maculas (map of pluto)
09:48 Lowell Regio (map of pluto)
10:43 The Pluto-Charon system
12:03 Charon
15:03 Ending
#Pluto #Planet #Charon #Photo #NewHorizons #Space #Cosmos
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The starry sky has always attracted people with its unearthly beauty. Trillions of other worlds lurk in its depths, which at this moment are quite inaccessible to us. Even though our probes have visited all sorts of places around the Solar System, they are not yet able to traverse the interstellar abyss. To make a step to other stars, we need a new-generation space engine, powerful and durable, capable of overcoming the Sun's gravity and remaining fully operational for all the long years the interstellar journey will take. Until recently, such technologies appeared more like science fiction, but new discoveries bring them a little closer to reality. Let's try to figure out what a hypothetical hyperdrive of the future might be like.
00:00 Intro
00:58 Modern spacecraft
03:39 Energy source
04:44 The Casimir effect
07:11 The Alcubierre bubble
07:58 Casimir effect drive
10:17 Ending
#SpeedOfLight #Spacecraft #WarpDrive #Space #Kosmo
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A scorching-hot planet exposed to powerful rays of the close Sun. A forbidding world packed with lethal contrasts… A lifeless sphere bearing marks of destructive explosions… A mysterious celestial body still harbouring a great many secrets… This is Mercury – the planet lying closest to the Sun in our system. Let’s find out more about it.
00:00 Intro
00:43 Studying Mercury
03:08 Mariner 10 and MESSENGER
04:23 Mercury's orbit
05:15 Caloris Planitia (map of Mercury)
07:22 Borealis Planitia (map of Mercury)
08:45 Rachmaninoff crater (map of Mercury)
09:45 Enterprise Rupes (map of Mercury)
10:33 Rembrandt crater (map of Mercury)
11:45 BepiColombo
12:28 Ending
#Mercury #Planet #Space #Photo #SolarSystem #Kosmo
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We will start off near the TESS Orbital Observatory, which enabled us to take a slightly deeper peek into the fascinating abyss of the cosmos. With its help we will visit the environs of the dim red dwarf TOI 700 to make acquaintance of its wonderful planets potentially fit for life.
After that we will go to the Teegarden’s Star to observe the most Earth-like planet of all those discovered by now. Next in line is the bizarre world of Gliese 1214 b, which falls into the exceptionally rare category of ocean planets.
Then we will reach two representatives of the most furtive and mysterious celestial objects – rogue planets. Deprived of a parent star’s warmth, they roam the depths of space for billions of years, avoiding anyone’s curious glance. After these dark and cold worlds we will see a selection of various space objects which have one thing in common – their incredibly lethal properties. Extreme temperatures, harmful radiation and a harsh environment – with all these combined, these planets’ are truly horrifying.
0:00 Intro
02:31 TOI 700
13:16 Teegarden b
22:57 Gliese 1214 b
32:06 Rogue planets
42:39 The most horrifying planets
55:11 The scariest planets
01:07:59 Ending
#Planets #Life #Космос #Exoplanets #Films #Kosmo
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According to the dominant scientific hypothesis today, around 13.8 bln years ago there occurred the tremendous event dubbed the Big Bang which created our universe. It is likely that incredibly powerful gravity waves compressed primary gas into gigantic clumps while unrelenting gravity forces ignited thermonuclear fire in their depths, thus lighting the universe with the first stars. These forces also grouped the stars into large-scale clusters which were later to unite into yet more complex structures of colossal proportions. Billions of years later one of them became the cradle of an amazing phenomenon – life. And even though mankind is still confined to our native system, we have found out a lot about our own galaxy. What is it that we already know about the Milky Way?
00:00 intro
01:09 History of studies
02:24 The Milky Way
04:13 A Journey to the centre of the Milky Way
09:01 Habitable zone
09:47 Galactic disc
11:19 Spiral arms
12:41 The Great Rift
13:32 Beyond the galactic disc
15:53 Ending
#Galaxy #Space #MilkyWay #Film #Kosmo #Stars #Universe
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Throughout its long history our Earth has been inhabited by life forms totally different from each other. Some of them looked like fantasy creatures incarnate, while others would appear more or less usual to us. Dinosaurs were undoubtedly the most well-known and impressive creatures of the past, of course. They dominated the Earth’s biosphere for as long as 145 mln years, giving rise to countless species and forms.
However, about 66 mln years ago our planet changed its inhabitants yet again. As a result of a global disaster, whose details are still quite obscure now, practically all animals weighing over 25 kg were wiped off the face of the Earth within an extremely short period by geological standards. The vacated expanses were promptly taken over by new dwellers – mammals. In the course of the incessant struggle for survival there evolved more and more new species until a unique creature appeared on the scene. Instead of adapting to relentless nature, it decided to rather adapt nature to its needs. This wasn’t the biggest, strongest or fastest creature, either. But how come it became the king of all nature?
0:00 Intro
01:35 The Cenozoic
05:32 The Pliocene
08:58 The Savannah hypothesis
10:39 Australopiths
12:41 The Pliocene fauna
14:08 The Gauss-Matuyama reversal
14:56 The Quaternary
18:49 The dawn of humanity
20:59 Ending
#Earth #Dinosaurs #Humans #Evolution #Film #Planet #Life #Extinction #Kosmo
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Let’s think 13.8 bln years back. Just a few quanta of time would have elapsed since the occurrence of the hypothetical Big Bang. There is neither matter nor energy around as we know them, and the four fundamental interactions are interconnected by one bizarre force. The physical laws known to us are not yet applicable at this point. However, other ones are working instead, which are just as rigid and which predefine the system’s future development. At the same time, a tiniest change at any point of the germinating universe is capable of changing its future completely, whatever the reason for this tiny change. It appears that our reality was literally born actually thanks to chaos – in the scientific sense of the word.
00:00 Examples of the Butterfly Effect
02:37 Discovery of the Butterfly Effect
04:02 How the Butterfly Effect works
04:57 Chaos theory
06:45 What is Chaos theory
08:40 A journey back to the beginning of times
10:56 Ending
#ButterflyEffect #Chaos #Cosmos #Universe #Science #SOlarSystem
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Ever since people found out there were other worlds out there, this question has been praying on their minds: are these worlds suitable for life? Scientists have discovered thousands of planets beyond the boundaries of the Solar System, but most of them are completely different from the Earth. Still, among the multitude of diverse celestial bodies scattered across the endless expanses of the universe there are some that are as close to our home planet in terms of their parametres as appears possible. They are warmed by the rays of their closest star and there are great amounts of liquid water to be found on their surfaces. It is still more amazing to realize the fact that for many years one of such worlds has been hiding really close to us. Teegarden b.
00:00 Intro
00:54 Earth Similarity Index (ESI)
04:32 Teegarden's Star
05:39 Teegarden c
06:44 Teegarden b
10:30 Ending
#Planet #Life #Teegarden #Exoplanet #Film #Kosmo #AlienLife #Universe
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The universe is full of all kinds of stars – from tiny red dwarves to majestic blue giants. Some of them dimly twinkle for billions of years while others burn up almost instantly by space standards.
Today we are travelling to some of the most exciting ones, with every new star we come across further and further away from our home planet. This journey of thousands of light years will start near our closest star – the Sun. Together with the Parker probe we will brush its scorching corona and take a peek in its fiery depths. After that we will leave our home system to go around Alpha Centauri and check out some exoplanets located closest to the Earth.
0:00 Intro
01:48 Sun
13:03 Alpha Centauri
23:55 Nearest Stars
40:01 Betelgeuse
52:08 CW Leonis
01:02:10 WR102
01:13:35 Ending
#Stars #Space #Universe #FIlm #Nearest #Closest #Kosmo #AlphaCentauri
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A dying star enjoying the last moments of its life… A scarlet ball of white-hot plasma, whose prominences lance through cold vacuum in its agony… Two potent powers are at struggle in its depths. They now force the star to expand to dozens of times its size, then make it shrink again, only to flare up with new energy. One of these transformations is going to be the last one, but no one can foretell the exact instance with any certainty. This epic sight could be enjoyed by a space traveller approaching CW Leonis – a pulsating red giant which has been thrashing in a death agony for thousands of years.
00:00 Intro
01:02 CW Leonis
02:45 Gravitational collapse process of CW Leonis
05:18 Circumstellar nebula
06:46 Red dwarf orbiting CW Leonis
07:25 The star's outer layers
09:14 Ending
#Star #RedGiant #Space #Kosmo
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The Solar System contains millions of objects – from tiny meteoroids to majestic gas giants. The largest planets in the system are accompanied by dozens of satellites, with Saturn in the lead in terms of their number. A big number of celestial bodies of all sorts of chemical composition and size are constantly looping around it following bizarre trajectories and interacting with each other. Some of them form giant rings, which is truly a spectacular sight. However, this wasn’t always the case...
00:00 Intro
00:46 How did Saturn's rings form?
03:14 Saturn's rings
06:47 Enceladus
09:06 Tethys
11:40 Titan
14:29 Ending
#Saturn #Planet #Rings #Space #Titan #Kosmo
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Distances between objects in space are often so staggering that the human mind is barely able to fully appreciate them. Sometimes even light takes thousands of years on end to travel from one object to another. However, among myriads of stellar systems scattered across the vast expanses in the universe there is only one that may be truly called closest to us. There are three stars mutually bound by invisible threads of gravitation that lie comparatively nearby by space standards and naturally attract our closest attention. So what is the Alpha Centauri system like?
00:00 Intro
00:44 How far our signals have travelled
01:31 The Alpha Centauri system
02:10 Alpha Centauri А
03:26 Alpha Centauri B
04:54 Proxima Centauri
07:02 Proxima Centauri b
08:25 Proxima Centauri c
10:45 Breakthrough Starshot
11:31 Ending
#AlphaCentauri #Closest #System #Space #Planets #Kosmo
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Today we invite you to join us on a fantastic journey to the past and see the most crucial milestones in the paleontological history of our Earth, as well as watch with our own eyes the creatures that used to roam it. First, we’ll go as far back as the Archean – the earliest prehistoric Eon when living organisms were around. We will find out what kind of creatures lived on our planet in those mysterious times. After that we’ll try to understand when and why life left water, so hospitable and safe, and ventured onto land, so forbidding and unwelcoming. After that we will see some of the most notable creatures from the times of the dinosaurs and also those who were to succeed them. At the end of our journey we will take a look at the most tragic moments in the history of the biosphere on Earth which nearly left our planet a barren desert.
0:00 Intro
01:40 Ad integration
02:52 What Was the Earth Like before Dinosaurs?
19:22 How Did Leave Left Water and Come onto Land?
37:19 What Was the Earth Like with Dinosaurs Around?
54:55 What Was the Earth Like after Dinosaurs?
01:09:51 What Happened during Global Extinction Events?
01:23:05 Final
#Earth #Dinosaurs #Extinctions #Planet #Film #Kosmo
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Lucifer… Phosphorus... Ishtar… Morning star, evening star… All these sonorous names signify one and the same celestial body – Venus. The third brightest object in our sky, this planet has always attracted sky watchers and scientists. For many years dense impenetrable clouds shrouding its surface have excited observers’ imagination, which prompted ideas of now a boundless ocean, then impassable jungles crawling with monsters. The reality turned out to be even more complicated and horrifying than these naive assumptions. So what does Venus really conceal from us?
00:00 Intro
00:48 Exploring Venus
05:19 Aphrodite Terra (map of Venus)
07:34 Guinevere Planitia (map of Venus)
08:31 Beta Regio (map of Venus)
09:27 Ishtar Terra (map of Venus)
11:11 Ending
#Venus #Planet #Space #Photo #SolarSystem #Kosmo
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The Sun has been generously giving the Earth its light for billions of years. It is capable of sustaining life, but also of destroying it; some creatures bask in the warmth of its rays whilst others get seared away into dust.
Even though it is comparatively close to our Earth and even though we’ve been observing it for thousands of years every day, our star remains largely understudied. It remains a silent keeper of countless mysteries, and studying it is a difficult and painstaking task.
So, how well do we actually know the star closest to us? Let’s see and find out.
00:00 Intro
00:45 Where is the Parker probe
01:28 What we know about the Sun
03:24 The Sun's layers
08:03 Parker
#Sun #Star #Parker #Photo #SolarSystem #Kosmo
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Approximately 252 mln years ago the Earth’s biosphere suffered from a tremendous blow. Almost 96% of marine fauna, around 70% of land vertebrates and roughly 83% of insects perished within a period really short by geological standards. The causes of this disaster are still obscure, but whatever it was, the dreadful calamity didn’t wipe life off the face of the Earth – quite on the contrary, it proved to be a milestone that marked the beginning of a new era. This is when there emerged the most well-known prehistoric creatures – dinosaurs.
0:00 Intro
02:04 Triassic period
07:34 Jurassic period
12:04 Cretaceous period
17:30 Ending
#Earth #Dinosaurs #Film #Saurians #Planets #Life #Humans #Extinctions #Kosmo
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Today I invite you to join us on an imaginary trip beyond the boundaries of the universe.
We will start out far away from the Earth near the first space probes that left our planet a long while ago. Whizzing at superluminal speeds, we will cross interstellar space in the blink of an eye and visit several remarkable stars not far from our system. After that we will make Betelgeuse’s acquaintance, a dying star that will help us understand stellar evolution better. And then we will see some of the loneliest and most mysterious space objects – rogue planets.
0:00 Intro
01:51 Beyond the Solar System
13:31 Closest stars
29:34 Betelgeuse
42:14 Rogue planets
52:47 Beyond the Milky Way
01:05:32 Black holes
01:16:10 Beyond the universe
#Universe #Boundaries #Space #Planets #Films #Kosmo #Jupiter #Stars
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Black holes are mysterious anomalies in space whose nature we are only just starting to understand. They are hard to detect and even harder to explore. Space itself around these captivating objects changes beyond recognition, and physical laws we are used to do not apply there. By studying black holes we find out more about the deeper meaning of our universe. However, at the same time it also poses a certain threat. So how dangerous are black holes?
00:00 Intro
01:58 Closest black hole
04:45 Black hole formation
06:14 Approaching a black hole
06:53 Types of black holes
09:50 Ending
#BlackHole #Space #Planets #Stars #Kosmo
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Space is a truly mysterious and attractive place, but at the same time it is filled with some grave threats and dangers. Extreme temperatures, lethal radiation and an aggressive environment are a threat to any living being that would dare leave its native planet. But even against this generally unfriendly background there are still especially dangerous and scary places that particularly stand out. Let’s check out the most horrifying ones.
00:00 Intro
01:10 К2-141b
04:25 KELT-9b
07:21 V391 Pegasi b
10:16 PSR J1719−1438 b
13:25 NFT from the KOSMO team
#Horrifying #Planets #Kosmo #Universe #Film #Space #Exoplanets #К2_141b #KELT_9b #Pulsar
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The universe is a tremendous structure comprised of an infinite multitude of all sorts of diverse objects. They lie so far apart in endless expanses of space that even light gets lost in their depths. It takes a photon travelling from the Sun over 4 years to reach our nearest star. As for covering intergalactic distances, it takes millions of years. When you realize that all this enormous distance is just a tiny molecule on the scale of the macrocosmos, it can’t but amaze. So what are the actual dimensions of the universe?
00:00 Intro
00:49 The Solar System
02:17 Closest Stars
03:40 The Milky Way
05:03 Galaxy Clusters
07:43 The Universe
08:41 Boundaries of the Universe
11:41 Ending
#Universe #Space #Galaxies #FIlm #Kosmo
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Before we attempt to get to the bottom of what was taking place, it’s a good idea to be aware of what Betelgeuse is like. This object falls into the category of red supergiants and is in the final stage of its life cycle, according to today’s theory of stellar evolution. With its luminosity and radius constantly changing, its outer layers are highly unstable. The star regularly emits millions of tons of scorching gas into space, and this forms gargantuan prominences. As they cool off, they contribute to the gas nebula surrounding Betelgeuse.
00:00 Intro
01:21 Betelgeuse
05:48 Stellar evolution
11:36 Space threat
13:22 Ending
#Betelgeuse #Star #Evolution #Space #Film #Kosmo
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Today I’m inviting you to join me on a journey that will allow us to get to know some of the most remarkable ones closer. We will start out immersing ourselves in the past to witness the disappearance of dinosaurs from the face of the Earth and the formation of our planet as we know it as the continents slowly shifted to shape its surface we know today. After that we will fly over the surface of Mars and check out the most exciting features of its terrain. Next our journey will take us to the asteroid belt, which is literally stacked with secrets and treasures. And then we will make Quaoar’s acquaintance, a mysterious object located at the very edge of the system.
00:00 Intro
01:41 Earth after dinosaurs
17:58 Маrs
28:50 Asteroid belt
44:32 Exploring asteroids
54:28 Quaoar
01:03:28 Beyond the Kuiper Belt
01:15:09 Ending
#SolarSystem #Маrs #Voyagers #Аsteroids #Film #Kosmo #Jupiter
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The Solar System appears to be a perfectly tuned mechanism when viewed at large. By contrast, there is a real realm of chaos between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This is where hundreds of thousands of small celestial objects whizz around space in all sorts of directions, occasionally crossing other objects’ orbits. They sometimes get in each other’s way and produce thousands of shards and bits on collision. With this area of space highly changeable, it is hardly possible to predict what it will look like in the distant future.
00:00 Intro
00:44 Asteroid belt
03:39 Kirkwood gaps
04:43 Ceres
06:17 Vesta
09:21 Sylvia
10:48 Pallas
12:15 Interamnia
14:09 Probes
15:44 Ending
#AsteroidBelt #Ceres #Vesta #Asteroids #Film #Kosmo #SolarSystem #Jupiter
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There are worlds out there are completely independent from any star. Their sky will never be lit by a sunrise, and their surfaces are shrouded in an eternal night. They are destined to billions of years of solitariness in the cold expanses of the cosmos. And only silvery clouds made up of finest ice needles, as it were, hang over the dark horizon.
00:00 Intro
00:57 Rogue planets
02:47 The planet WISE 0855-0714
07:10 The planet OGLE-2016-BLG-1928
09:23 The Cleopatra project
10:42 Ending
#Planets #Rogue #Space #Exoplanets #Film #Kosmo #WISE_0855_0714 #Universe
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Mars harbours lots of mysteries and stark contrasts. Endless barren stretches of rocky wasteland lie next to tremendously high volcanoes, and the planet’s surface in general bears witness to countless collisions in the distant past, with gigantic canyons and craters as their solid reminder. A rarefied atmosphere is saturated with minuscule particles of rusty sand, with strong winds swirling it in continuous furious sand storms. This is what Mars is like – a mysterious and forbidding planet.
Let’s take a closer look at at.
00:00 Intro
01:41 Olymus
04:23 Tharsis
06:36 Valles Marineris
08:13 Utopia Planitia
09:36 Jezero crater
11:30 Ending
#Mars #Planet #Space #Photo #SolarSystem #Kosmo
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Roughly half a year before this video was posted, on 15 April 2021, the automatic space probe New Horizons became the fifth spacecraft in the history of the humanity to go beyond the point of 50 AU from the Sun. It was the Voyagers that had crossed this mark before, with the probes Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 the first ever to do so. None of these space wanderers are likely to ever return to the Earth. With some of them still active on their missions, others have gone quiet forever...
00:00 Intro
01:28 New Horizons
04:29 Pioneer 10
05:31 Pioneer 11
06:41 Voyager 1
09:29 Voyager 2
11:32 Ending
#Voyager #NewHorizons #Pioneer10 #Planets #SolarSystem #Kosmo


