Hikma HistoryWith its roots in a movement that had been driven underground, the creators of this new Shia state had been moulded by the pressure of living in deserts and in secret. Once in power, they announced their ambitions by establishing a Khilafah. Over the next century, they would assert themselves across North Africa and the Middle East; in the process overshadowing their Abbasid foes. This is the history of the Fatimids.
Omar-toons Ro4444 Dimitry B. PHGCOM Bigdaddy1204 Fatma Hamdi Citizen59 Mapswire Tyk David Stanley Ishvara7 Paolo Porsia CNG Coins Loaka1 Mohammad Adil Gabagool
Rise Of The Fatimid Caliphate (909-1021) | History DocumentaryHikma History2020-08-30 | With its roots in a movement that had been driven underground, the creators of this new Shia state had been moulded by the pressure of living in deserts and in secret. Once in power, they announced their ambitions by establishing a Khilafah. Over the next century, they would assert themselves across North Africa and the Middle East; in the process overshadowing their Abbasid foes. This is the history of the Fatimids.
Omar-toons Ro4444 Dimitry B. PHGCOM Bigdaddy1204 Fatma Hamdi Citizen59 Mapswire Tyk David Stanley Ishvara7 Paolo Porsia CNG Coins Loaka1 Mohammad Adil Gabagool
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0:00 Intro 0:49 Early Islam Context 2:26 Pre-Caliphate Fatimids 4:45 Ifriqiya Phase 909-969 9:08 Egypt Conquest 13:13 Al-Aziz 16:35 Al-HakimHow India Went To War With Pakistan In 1971Hikma History2024-10-20 | Bangladesh hit global headlines recently as a result of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigning in the face of massive protests against her administration. One of the protestors’ grievances was the quota-based system which reserved 30% of government jobs for descendants of the resistance movement which helped create the country in 1971. The struggle for its existence has come to mark it. Originally constituting the eastern wing of Pakistan, it found its voice stifled by the government centered in the west. In March 1971, the charismatic activist leader Mujibur Rahman declared Bangladesh’s independence. What happened next was chaos - as the Pakistani war machine moved across the country, unleashing death and destruction, almost indiscriminately. Pakistan’s arch nemesis, India got involved as the Bengal became the scene of a short but deadly conflict. In the end, the sacrifices made by the Bengali people were vindicated by their victory.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!When Jordan Went To War With Palestinians | Black SeptemberHikma History2024-10-16 | King Hussein now had the added headache of becoming host to the PLO, the Palestinian resistance movement. This was a headache for him because the PLO would launch attacks into Israel from their headquarters in Jordan; as a result inviting Israeli reprisal attacks on Jordanian soil. The PLO became so prominent in Jordan that they were in essence able to form a state within a state, violating local laws, shooting at Jordanian soldiers. King Hussein’s very authority was under threat from the powerful Palestinian groups. By September 1970, the inevitable conflict of interests culminated into open warfare. In the events that have since been referred to as Black September, the PLO were routed out of the capital Amman within 2 weeks, and by the summer of 1971, all of the PLO members were expelled from Jordan; moving their bases to Lebanon.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!How Lebanon Became So Chaotic | History DocumentaryHikma History2024-10-14 | Lebanon is currently occupying news headlines as the latest battleground for the prolonged Arab-Israeli Conflict. Unfortunately for the Lebanese people, this is on the back of decades of sustained political and economic troubles. It is a country famous for its diversity, with people from various creeds converging to create a real melting pot. Sadly, this diversity has been the cause of some serious pain for the Lebanese, as the horrific trauma of the civil war still haunts the country. Starting off with its inception in the mid-19th century, in this video we will track the historical development of Lebanon as a nation-state ever since. We will see how the country’s creation came about as a result of France’s patronage of Lebanese Christians after an extreme act of sectarian violence; from there, we’ll move on its golden age in the 1960s when its capital Beirut was referred to as the Paris of the East before being bogged down in one of the region’s deadliest civil wars; finally, ending the story with the rise of Hezbollah and its current domination of Lebanese politics.
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0:00 Intro 1:36 Religious Violence (& French Help) Give Birth to Lebanon 14:00 Defining 'Lebanese' 23:27 Golden Age 26:32 The Palestinian Question 31:32 Civil War Destroys Everything 38:22 Rise of HezbollahHow Israels Victory In 1967 Came To Haunt ThemHikma History2024-10-10 | In June 1967, Israel scored one of the most stunning military victories in modern warfare against the combined forces of Syria, Egypt and Jordan. In the space of 6 days, they neutralized their foes and moved in to take control of what was left of Palestinian territory. perhaps the most important side effect of this emphatic victory was that it emboldened independent Palestinian resistance groups to take matters into their own hands and rely less on fellow Arab states to fight on their behalf. From their headquarters in Jordan, the PLO enjoyed a surge of unprecedented popularity as recruitment for their cause increased massively. The group gained such momentum that by 1970, King Hussein of Jordan felt his position and authority were under attack by the PLO, who some have described as having created a state within a state in Jordan. So King Hussein forced the Palestinian resistance movement out of his country in events that are now known as Black September in 1970. Subsequently, the PLO moved their base to Lebanon.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!How India Helped Bangladesh Get Independence From Pakistan | History DocumentaryHikma History2024-10-06 | 4:15 I meant 'authority', not 'autonomy' - my apologies.
Bangladesh hit global headlines recently as a result of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigning in the face of massive protests against her administration. One of the protestors’ grievances was the quota-based system which reserved 30% of government jobs for descendants of the resistance movement which helped create the country in 1971. The struggle for its existence has come to mark it. Originally constituting the eastern wing of Pakistan, it found its voice stifled by the government centered in the west. In March 1971, the charismatic activist leader Mujibur Rahman declared Bangladesh’s independence. What happened next was chaos - as the Pakistani war machine moved across the country, unleashing death and destruction, almost indiscriminately. Pakistan’s arch nemesis, India got involved as the Bengal became the scene of a short but deadly conflict. In the end, the sacrifices made by the Bengali people were vindicated by their victory.
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0:00 Intro 1:38 West Pakistan Monopolises Power 1948-1958 5:39 Dictatorship Creates Division Between East & West 1958-1969 12:41 Path To War 1969-1971 15:26 War Of LiberationLebanons Great Famine - The KafnoHikma History2024-10-05 | Lebanon today is on the brink of disaster - with its economy failing; its political scene marred by intrigue and corruption, all the while foreign powers meddle in its internal affairs. Many of these issues are rooted in the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate era and the subsequent French Mandate. These two periods (1861-1943) combined to bring about the emergence of a modern Lebanese nation-state. Lebanon experienced great changes in this time, both good and bad - with hundreds of thousands moving abroad, not to mention a famine that wiped out a chunk of the population; at the same time, Beirut emerged as an economic hub in the backdrop of a cultural renaissance taking place.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!When Israel Invaded LebanonHikma History2024-09-30 | From South Lebanon the Palestinian Liberation Organisation frequently launched attacks on Israel, which ultimately led to a number of military reprisals. The first of these came in 1978, when the Israeli army rolled into southern Lebanon to neutralize the threat of fedayeen attacks. The Israeli involvement in the war as a response to Palestinian attacks further complicated Lebanon’s civil war. 4 years later, Israel would invade again. This time, they wanted a permanent solution to PLO attacks. They allied themselves with the Christian Lebanese Front and besieged Beirut. Seeing themselves surrounded and at the prey of aerial attacks, the PLO were given a way out under the protection of international peacekeepers as they accepted defeat and relocated their headquarters to Tunisia. The Lebanese Civil War would drag on throughout the 1980s and finally came to an end in 1990. Israel would maintain a presence in Lebanese soil until 2000.
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0:00 Intro 1:15 Lebanon's Early History 3:12 Six Day War Changes Everything 5:18 Civil War Erupts 8:28 Was it the Palestinian's fault?Hezbollahs Military CapabilityHikma History2024-09-29 | Hezbollah now rivals the Lebanese government in terms of power. Backed by Iranian support and endowed with battle-hardened fighters that have strong belief in a cause, Hezbollah has become a power player in the wider region. Through its never-yielding resistance against Israel, the group positions itself on the frontline of the emerging Cold War between its benefactor Iran and Israel. But Hezbollah is so much more than just a militant group, as its social services programme suggests. Even though it was created to serve the Lebanese Shia, it enjoys popularity amongst various other religious groups. In order to understand them better, we need to delve into their roots on the chaotic battlefields of the Lebanese civil war, which moulded Lebanon as we know it today.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!How The Timurids Created A Renaissance Amidst Civil Wars | History DocumentaryHikma History2024-09-26 | Commonly in history, there has to be a period of political stability that is subsequently accompanied by great cultural advancements. The Timurid Empire, established by the legendary Turco-Mongolian conqueror Timur, did not adhere to this rule. Almost immediately from Timur’s death in 1405, his progeny were locked in constant conflict with each other as each sought to assert their dominance over Timur’s vast realm. This lack of political stability did not prevent the Timurids from supervising a renaissance that saw cities like Herat and Samarkand become icons of artistic glory and scientific progress. As the Timurids went to war with each other, beautiful monuments were erected, schools of art were opened up and astronomical observatories were established.
Big thank you to Nomads & Empires Podcast for his help with the script. Check out his podcast: buzzsprout.com/1842984
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0:00 Intro 1:33 Shah Rukh Asserts Dominance 8:30 Khorasan & Transoxiana - Centres of a Renaissance 12:06 Post-Shah Rukh Civil War 14:02 Abu Said Becomes the Last Great Timurid 17:54 Timurids Collapse Whilst Herat FlourishesWhy Hezbollah Got Involved In SyriaHikma History2024-09-24 | Hezbollah now rivals the Lebanese government in terms of power. Backed by Iranian support and endowed with battle-hardened fighters that have strong belief in a cause, Hezbollah has become a power player in the wider region. Through its never-yielding resistance against Israel, the group positions itself on the frontline of the emerging Cold War between its benefactor Iran and Israel. But Hezbollah is so much more than just a militant group, as its social services programme suggests. Even though it was created to serve the Lebanese Shia, it enjoys popularity amongst various other religious groups. In order to understand them better, we need to delve into their roots on the chaotic battlefields of the Lebanese civil war, which moulded Lebanon as we know it today.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!Dost Mohammad Khan’s LegacyHikma History2024-09-20 | Dost Muhammad Khan lived two hundred years ago, but his stature as the byword for an illustrious ruler had a long-lasting resonance. Surviving many dangers in a tempestuous era, he laid the foundations for not only the Barakzai dynasty but also the state of Afghanistan. With the decay of the Durrani Empire, Afghanistan had a need for a strong ruler that could keep the realm unified. The Dost fit that bill perfectly. For much of his reign, he had to balance dealing with internal discord in his realm, whilst protecting it from outside for like the capable Sikh armies of Ranjit Singh. Perhaps his greatest victory came in mediating the Great Game rivalry of Britain and Russia, who both had their own designs for his Emirate. Who was this larger-than-life figure, and what was his story?
I want to thank Timur Khan for his invaluable help with the script. He is a PhD Candidate at Leiden University. His research focuses on Durrani rule in 18th and 19th century Peshawar. Check out his Academia page: https://leidenuni.academia.edu/TimurKhan
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0:00 Intro 1:03 Construction's Context 3:12 Architectural Detail 5:18 Does it Explain Ottoman Decline? 8:28 OutroAfghanistan Goes From Empire to EmirateHikma History2024-09-16 | FREE NEWSLETTER: https://mailchi.mp/a69f93be6c66/hikma-history-newsletter
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!The Afghan Who Defeated The British | Afghanistan DocumentaryHikma History2024-09-13 | Dost Muhammad Khan lived two hundred years ago, but his stature as the byword for an illustrious ruler had a long-lasting resonance. Surviving many dangers in a tempestuous era, he laid the foundations for not only the Barakzai dynasty but also the state of Afghanistan. With the decay of the Durrani Empire, Afghanistan had a need for a strong ruler that could keep the realm unified. The Dost fit that bill perfectly. For much of his reign, he had to balance dealing with internal discord in his realm, whilst protecting it from outside for like the capable Sikh armies of Ranjit Singh. Perhaps his greatest victory came in mediating the Great Game rivalry of Britain and Russia, who both had their own designs for his Emirate. Who was this larger-than-life figure, and what was his story?
I want to thank Timur Khan for his invaluable help with the script. He is a PhD Candidate at Leiden University. His research focuses on Durrani rule in 18th and 19th century Peshawar. Check out his Academia page: https://leidenuni.academia.edu/TimurKhan
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Massive thank you to our Patreons: Elman TheBactrianGambler Preston P Adam Mohammad Areeb Awais Omar Farid Ibrahim Ari Joshua Haseeb Amir Mahmoud Joel CoreBard
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Epidemic Sound
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0:00 Intro 1:20 Durrani's Decline Whilst Barakzai Brothers Ascend 6:19 Dost Rises Above His Brothers 8:05 Afghanistan - From Empire To Amirate 11:03 Getting Caught In The Great Game 16:04 The Graveyard Of Empires 27:41 Dost Becomes The Great AmirThe First Humanitarian Intervention Was In 1860 Syria | History ShortHikma History2024-09-08 | Lebanon today is on the brink of disaster - with its economy failing; its political scene marred by intrigue and corruption, all the while foreign powers meddle in its internal affairs. Many of these issues are rooted in the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate era and the subsequent French Mandate. These two periods (1861-1943) combined to bring about the emergence of a modern Lebanese nation-state. Lebanon experienced great changes in this time, both good and bad - with hundreds of thousands moving abroad, not to mention a famine that wiped out a chunk of the population; at the same time, Beirut emerged as an economic hub in the backdrop of a cultural renaissance taking place.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!Why Hezbollah & Iran Are So Close | History ShortsHikma History2024-09-01 | FREE NEWSLETTER: https://mailchi.mp/a69f93be6c66/hikma-history-newsletter
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!How Hezbollah Came To Dominate Lebanon | History DocumentaryHikma History2024-08-27 | Hezbollah now rivals the Lebanese government in terms of power. Backed by Iranian support and endowed with battle-hardened fighters that have strong belief in a cause, Hezbollah has become a power player in the wider region. Through its never-yielding resistance against Israel, the group positions itself on the frontline of the emerging Cold War between its benefactor Iran and Israel. But Hezbollah is so much more than just a militant group, as its social services programme suggests. Even though it was created to serve the Lebanese Shia, it enjoys popularity amongst various other religious groups. In order to understand them better, we need to delve into their roots on the chaotic battlefields of the Lebanese civil war, which moulded Lebanon as we know it today.
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0:00 Intro 1:17 Rise of Revolutionary Shi'ism 4:12 Forged in War 8:02 Defeating Israel Brings Political Clout 12:21 Iranian Funds & Weapons 14:43 Future ProspectsNader Becomes Shah of IranHikma History2024-08-23 | In 1698, a child was born in the mountainous regions of North Khorasan. Despite the fact that he came from no royal lineage—his father was a mere shepherd—he would one day become the last of the Asiatic world-conquerors, in the vein of Timur and Chinggis Khan. The boy’s name was Nadr-Qoli, meaning “servant of the wonderous one (God)”. There was nothing about Nadr-Qoli’s circumstances which marked him out for greatness. His ancestry was undistinguished, his place of birth remote, and his social connection were unremarkable. The collapse of the Safavid Empire, however, would provide the opening that a young ambitious man required. With Persia being overrun by the Hotaks, Nader took charge of the fight back, expelling the Afghans from the country. From there he established the Afsharid Dynasty and declared his mission to conquer lands in all directions. In the process, he became Asia’s Last Great Conqueror.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!Nader Shahs Military Genius at the Khyber PassHikma History2024-08-18 | In 1698, a child was born in the mountainous regions of North Khorasan. Despite the fact that he came from no royal lineage—his father was a mere shepherd—he would one day become the last of the Asiatic world-conquerors, in the vein of Timur and Chinggis Khan. The boy’s name was Nadr-Qoli, meaning “servant of the wonderous one (God)”. There was nothing about Nadr-Qoli’s circumstances which marked him out for greatness. His ancestry was undistinguished, his place of birth remote, and his social connection were unremarkable. The collapse of the Safavid Empire, however, would provide the opening that a young ambitious man required. With Persia being overrun by the Hotaks, Nader took charge of the fight back, expelling the Afghans from the country. From there he established the Afsharid Dynasty and declared his mission to conquer lands in all directions. In the process, he became Asia’s Last Great Conqueror.
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0:00 Intro 1:20 Hotak Afghans Overrun Persia 5:59 Nader Begins The Fight To Expel The Afghans 10:40 Safavid Kingmaker 17:06 Becoming Shahnshah 19:30 Unifier Of Islam 22:12 Afghan & Indian Campaigns 29:45 Conquest Of Transoxiana & Conflict In Dagestan 34:19 Rebellions Grow As Nader DeclinesHow Lebanon Was Created | History DocumentaryHikma History2024-08-17 | Lebanon today is on the brink of disaster - with its economy failing; its political scene marred by intrigue and corruption, all the while foreign powers meddle in its internal affairs. Many of these issues are rooted in the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate era and the subsequent French Mandate. These two periods (1861-1943) combined to bring about the emergence of a modern Lebanese nation-state. Lebanon experienced great changes in this time, both good and bad - with hundreds of thousands moving abroad, not to mention a famine that wiped out a chunk of the population; at the same time, Beirut emerged as an economic hub in the backdrop of a cultural renaissance taking place.
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0:00 Intro 1:21 Pre-Mutassarifate Era 4:57 Exodus and Renaissance 7:29 Beirut Shines! 9:26 WWI brings Famine 10:57 French MandateAlauddin Khilji Defeats The Mongols | India HistoryHikma History2024-08-12 | At the Battle of the Indus, on November 24th, Mongol and Khwarezmian armies clashed. The battle ended in disaster for the remnant Khwarezmians. Prince Jalal ad-Din was forced across the Indus, where he would flee deeper and deeper into India. This particular battle would foreshadow events to come. Mongol armies had now positioned themselves on the borders of South Asia. Should any particular leader dare to cross the mighty Indus, then the riches of India would be theirs for the taking. And so, for over a century, Mongol armies would push into the Indian subcontinent over and over again, hoping to reap the benefits of Hindustan’s immense wealth.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!Mongol Conquests In India | HistoryHikma History2024-08-08 | At the Battle of the Indus, on November 24th, Mongol and Khwarezmian armies clashed. The battle ended in disaster for the remnant Khwarezmians. Prince Jalal ad-Din was forced across the Indus, where he would flee deeper and deeper into India. This particular battle would foreshadow events to come. Mongol armies had now positioned themselves on the borders of South Asia. Should any particular leader dare to cross the mighty Indus, then the riches of India would be theirs for the taking. And so, for over a century, Mongol armies would push into the Indian subcontinent over and over again, hoping to reap the benefits of Hindustan’s immense wealth.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!Ghengis Khan Lets Prince Jalal al-Din Escape!Hikma History2024-08-03 | At the Battle of the Indus, on November 24th, Mongol and Khwarezmian armies clashed. The battle ended in disaster for the remnant Khwarezmians. Prince Jalal ad-Din was forced across the Indus, where he would flee deeper and deeper into India. This particular battle would foreshadow events to come. Mongol armies had now positioned themselves on the borders of South Asia. Should any particular leader dare to cross the mighty Indus, then the riches of India would be theirs for the taking. And so, for over a century, Mongol armies would push into the Indian subcontinent over and over again, hoping to reap the benefits of Hindustan’s immense wealth.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!Ataturks Bulgarian Love Affair #history #ataturk #mustafakemalatatürkHikma History2024-07-30 | Before he became Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal engaged in a brief love affair with the daughter of a Bulgarian General whilst he was stationed in Sofia. He even asked his one time foe for his daughter's hand in marriage...
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!When Saddam Hussein Invaded Iran #historydocumentary #shorts #iraqHikma History2024-07-25 | Few dictators captivated the world’s attention like Saddam Hussein. His decision to Invade Iran in 1980 was a pivotal moment in his reign - as the country's economy suffered to the heavily cost of war. The Ayatollah fought obstinately in a war that sought to determine domination over the region.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!Why The Mongols Could NOT Conquer India 🇮🇳 | History DocumentaryHikma History2024-07-23 | At the Battle of the Indus, on November 24th, Mongol and Khwarezmian armies clashed. The battle ended in disaster for the remnant Khwarezmians. Prince Jalal ad-Din was forced across the Indus, where he would flee deeper and deeper into India. This particular battle would foreshadow events to come. Mongol armies had now positioned themselves on the borders of South Asia. Should any particular leader dare to cross the mighty Indus, then the riches of India would be theirs for the taking. And so, for over a century, Mongol armies would push into the Indian subcontinent over and over again, hoping to reap the benefits of Hindustan’s immense wealth.
Big thank you to Nomads & Empires Podcast for his help with the script. Check out his podcast: buzzsprout.com/1842984
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0:00 Intro 1:19 Early Mongol Interest 7:01 Mongols Take Advantage of Delhi Weakness 11:11 Balban & Khilji Go On The Offensive 18:04 Final Mongol Invasions & LegacySaddam Husseins Public Purge (1979) #iraq #history #saddamHikma History2024-07-18 | Few dictators captivated the world’s attention like Saddam Hussein. As President of Iraq, he reigned as a strongman leader who brought stability to his nation. For a period, he also brought great prosperity and glory to the country. But all this came at a price - as a cult of personality emerged in which ordinary Iraqis were required to almost worship Saddam or suffer the consequences. His totalitarian state ensured that millions of Iraqis lived in constant fear of falling foul of the regime. At the same time, Saddam made decisions that took the country to the brink of ruin. Despite the fact he held an entire nation hostage to his will and whims, remarkably, he is often remembered nowadays in a positive light.
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!Saddam Hussein Almost Assassinates Iraqi PM #Saddam #middleeasthistory #IraqHikma History2024-07-11 | No sooner had General Qassem taken the reins of power than he too was marked for death. To carry out the deed, the Ba’athists needed a triggerman. A hit squad was formed around Saddam, and meticulous plans were made to carry out the assassination on October 7th 1959 in the capital. But when the big day came, Saddam and his conspirators forgot the carefully choreographed plan and began spraying shots wildly into the street; a short gunfight ensued in which one of the assassins’ was killed, Qassem took a bullet in the shoulder and arm, and young Saddam was shot in the leg.
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0:00 Intro 1:03 Construction's Context 3:12 Architectural Detail 5:18 Does it Explain Ottoman Decline? 8:28 OutroWas Saddam Hussein A Hero Or Villain? | History DocumentaryHikma History2024-07-03 | Download World of Warships now using my link wo.ws/45DMVmo You'll get a HUGE starter pack worth 25 EUR!
Few dictators captivated the world’s attention like Saddam Hussein. As President of Iraq, he reigned as a strongman leader who brought stability to his nation. For a period, he also brought great prosperity and glory to the country. But all this came at a price - as a cult of personality emerged in which ordinary Iraqis were required to almost worship Saddam or suffer the consequences. His totalitarian state ensured that millions of Iraqis lived in constant fear of falling foul of the regime. At the same time, Saddam made decisions that took the country to the brink of ruin. Despite the fact he held an entire nation hostage to his will and whims, remarkably, he is often remembered nowadays in a positive light. Join me as I explore the life of Saddam Hussein to try to understand how such a development could take place!
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0:00 Intro 2:53 Saddam = "One Who Confronts" 6:09 He Of The Gun 7:55 Rise To Power 12:32 Wars Drain Iraq 18:55 International Pariah 21:31 His LegacyHow Iran Was Forged By Revolution | Middle East DocumentaryHikma History2024-06-09 | In Iran, the Ayatollahs maintain a theocracy with an iron grip; but huge segments of its society wish to see a liberalisation of its society. To understand how Iran could function as a chaotic yet competent state, we have to delve into its 19th and 20th century history, a period in which the country experienced the lowest of lows - famine, civil war and foreign occupation - but also the highest of highs - strong leaders, nation building and of course, oil. In this feature length documentary, I will cover the period through a case study of its 3 major revolutions: the Constitutional Revolution of 1906, Mossadegh’s reforms in 1951 & the Islamic Revolution of 1979. We'll see how a nation was driven to revolutionary action as a result of its leaders’ incompetence and humiliation at the hands of European imperial powers; as well as, how a nation would go from elation at a brighter future to dismay when greed corrupted the exercise of power.
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0:00 Intro 2:00 Qajar Weakness 11:05 The First Of Its Kind In The Islamic World 24:30 Persia Regains Assertiveness 29:31 We Want Our Oil Back! 42:46 The Shah Brings Prosperity But Exploitation Continues 53:04 Iran Erupts Whilst The Ayatollah AscendsThe Greatest Empire Youve Never Heard Of! | Timurid DocumentaryHikma History2024-05-22 | Medieval Islamic history is dominated by Turco-Mongolian dynasties. One of the most impactful of these was the Timurids. Named after its ferocious and legendary founder Timur, who would take his armies across Central Asia, Persia, India, Russia and the Middle East - vanquishing anybody that stood in his way. In the wake of his death in 1405, his successors fought over the scraps of empire, leading to its political decline over the next century. Despite this, Timurid cities such as Herat and Samarkand retained its place as centres of learning and art, inaugurating a period referred to as the Timurid Renaissance. At the same time as civil wars between family members were destroying the territorial integrity of the realm, incredible buildings were being constructed and leading scholars were finding patronage. This is the story of the Timurids.
Big thank you to Nomads & Empires Podcast for his help with the script. Check out his podcast: buzzsprout.com/1842984
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0:00 Intro 1:39 Timur's Early Life 5:07 Becoming Amir & Consolidating His Territory 7:50 Timur's Epic Run Of Conquests 17:25 Timur's Legacy 19:26 Succession Crisis & Shah Rukh's Ascension 26:22 Timurid Renaissance 29:57 Second Timurid Civil War 32:38 Abu Said's Reign 35:36 Third Timurid Civil War & CollapseWhen The King Of Pirates Robbed The Mughal Emperor #mughal #pirates #shortsHikma History2024-05-10 | FREE NEWSLETTER: https://mailchi.mp/a69f93be6c66/hikma-history-newsletter
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!When Afghans Ruled Persia #shortsHikma History2024-04-24 | FREE NEWSLETTER: https://mailchi.mp/a69f93be6c66/hikma-history-newsletter
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!Is The West A Threat To Islam? | Islamic Modernism DocumentaryHikma History2024-04-16 | By the latter half of the 19th century, European imperialism penetrated nearly every institution in the Muslim world. From their palaces and armies, to their schools and hospitals. This overwhelming European presence sought to dismantle the central role Islam played in shaping Muslim society. European empires, though Christian, were becoming increasingly fervent advocates of secularism; believing that religion should become absent from public life. Many Muslims vehemently rejected this. But with the West growing in power and influence, many Muslim thinkers and leaders began to adopt Western ideals in the hopes that maybe they could better instrumentalise their religion to an ever modernizing milieu. Other Muslim scholars, however, thought that these ‘reformist’ Muslims were straying away from their religion and becoming too close to the teachings and politics of the colonizers.
Big thank you to @sultanskinny for his help with the script. Check out his channel for more informative content on the Middle East: youtube.com/@sultanskinny3094
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0:00 Intro 2:50 Sir Syed Khan's Reforms In India 7:04 Jamalludin Afghani's Revolutionary Views 13:32 Abduh's Islamic ModernismCan Islam Be Modernised?Hikma History2024-04-05 | In the 19th century Muslim societies experienced an existential crisis. Before their very eyes they were witnessing their governments falling behind European powers. In this period, intellectuals across the Middle East grappled with ideas on how to reverse the seemingly terminal decline of their civilization. One of the most important and contested themes was the notion of modernity. It wasn’t hard to see that Europe’s obsession with modernizing had played a key role in socio-political advancements. But in an area where Islam reigns supreme, reconciling with the idea of modernity was always going to be tricky. These ideas would spark an intellectual debate that would forever impact the Muslim world as they would ask themselves if their religion of Islam was compatible with modernity.
Big thank you to @sultanskinny for his help with the script. Check out his channel for more informative content on the Middle East: youtube.com/@sultanskinny3094
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0:00 Intro 1:39 Ottoman Weakness & Reform 5:28 Young Ottomans 12:28 Sultan Abdul Hamid & Pan-IslamismNader Shah - The Shepherd Who Became Emperor | History DocumentaryHikma History2024-03-26 | In 1698, a child was born in the mountainous regions of North Khorasan. Despite the fact that he came from no royal lineage—his father was a mere shepherd—he would one day become the last of the Asiatic world-conquerors, in the vein of Timur and Chinggis Khan. The boy’s name was Nadr-Qoli, meaning “servant of the wonderous one (God)”. There was nothing about Nadr-Qoli’s circumstances which marked him out for greatness. His ancestry was undistinguished, his place of birth remote, and his social connection were unremarkable. The collapse of the Safavid Empire, however, would provide the opening that a young ambitious man required. With Persia being overrun by the Hotaks, Nader took charge of the fight back, expelling the Afghans from the country. From there he established the Afsharid Dynasty and declared his mission to conquer lands in all directions. In the process, he became Asia’s Last Great Conqueror.
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0:00 Intro 1:20 Hotak Afghans Overrun Persia 5:59 Nader Begins The Fight To Expel The Afghans 10:40 Safavid Kingmaker 17:06 Becoming Shahnshah 19:30 Unifier Of Islam 22:12 Afghan & Indian Campaigns 29:45 Conquest Of Transoxiana & Conflict In Dagestan 34:19 Rebellions Grow As Nader DeclinesWhen Kurds Ruled Iran | Kurdish HistoryHikma History2024-03-08 | Stop data brokers from exposing your information. Go to my sponsor aura.com/hikmahistory to get a 14-day free trial and see if your personal information has been compromised.
Situated mainly in the Zagros Mountain Range that separates Iran from Iraq the Kurds have long been on the sidelines of Iranian political affairs for centuries, much of the time they were conquered by the various empires that surrounded them. However, one of the exceptions to this usually correct story is the Zand Dynasty, who ruled much of Iran for a brief period during the second half of the 18th century. Their rule started off strong on the back of their founder, rising as the premier Iranian based Empire of their day, but soon their courts were filled with the blood of kin slaying in contest for the throne. This interfamily feud would eventually see, their painful fall from grace. So, how did the Kurds abandon the sidelines of the Zagros Mountains to become game changers in the turbulent world of 18th century Iranian politics?
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!How The Durrani Empire Created Afghanistan | History DocumentaryHikma History2024-02-24 | 🌏 Get an Exclusive NordVPN deal here ➼ nordvpn.com/hikmahistory It’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌
I want to thank Timur Khan for his invaluable help with the script. He is a PhD Candidate at Leiden University. His research focuses on Durrani rule in 18th and 19th century Peshawar. Check out his Academia page: https://leidenuni.academia.edu/TimurKhan
The Afghans have been renowned throughout history for their martial prowess. In the 18th century there were a few separate occasions where they focused on state-building as well. The Durrani's, under the leadership of Ahmad Shah, built their own empire from the malaise of Nader Shah's death in 1747. The Durrani Empire set a strong early precedent of launching invasions of India in order to gain loot that could be used to enrich their empire. In the process, the foundation was set for the modern nation-state of Afghanistan. Nevertheless, the fragile infrastructure of the Durrani Empire condemned it to come crashing down within 50 years of Ahmad Shah’s death.
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0:00 Intro 2:32 Historical Context 5:40 Afghan Birth Story 14:52 India The Cash Cow 19:23 Sikhs Troubles & Ahmad Shah's Final Years 23:52 Succeeding The Father of Afghanistan 25:34 Timur Shah 31:11 Zaman Shah 35:56 Durrani Downfall & Barakzai Ascendancy 41:44 OutroIs Islam Compatible With The West? | History DocumentaryHikma History2024-01-27 | In order to modernize their society, Muslim governments sent missions of students to Western Europe during the 19th century. These students would return with their own observations regarding the West in the hopes that their success could be replicated back home. A generation of ambitious Muslim students and scholars alike pondered the question “Is Islam Compatible With The West”. While many contributed to this new rise of Western learning, the Egyptian Rifa’a al-Tahtawi’s works would be among the most important in Islamic history as it is from his writings that the modern Muslim identity changes forever.
Big thank you to @sultanskinny for his help with the script. Check out his channel for more informative content on the Middle East: youtube.com/@sultanskinny3094
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0:00 Intro 1:55 Al-Tahtawi's Early Life 3:17 The Extraction of Gold 6:58 His Vision 12:28 His LegacyHow The Ottomans Became So Powerful | History DocumentaryHikma History2024-01-17 | At the start of the 14th century, the political landscape of Anatolia was comprised of a mosaic of small principalities, referred to as beyliks. Out of all of these, the most unlikely candidate, the beylik of Osman, situated in the hinterlands of northwestern Anatolia, was the one that asserted its dominance above all the others. Within less than 100 yrs, it metamorphosed in a power whose reach spanned both Asia and Europe. So just how did the smallest beylik, situated on the frontier with the Byzantine Empire, go on to assert itself as the most dominant beylik in Anatolia and even conquer much of the Balkans?
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0:00 Intro 0:58 Ghaza Thesis 3:59 Weakness of Opponents 5:51 Ottoman Competence 10:33 Frontier 14:03 ConclusionHow America Came To Be Hated By Iran | History DocumentaryHikma History2023-12-23 | Stop data brokers from exposing your information. Go to my sponsor aura.com/hikmahistory to get a 14-day free trial and see if your personal information has been compromised.
Mohamed Mossadegh became PM of Iran in 1951, he had a plan on how he was going to help Iran achieve self-sufficiency and prosperity by nationalising Iran’s immensely profitable oil industry. But the Western interests he cut out were never going to just accept this. So the British and Americans set about to undermine Mossadegh and re-establish the old status quo in Operation Ajax. The subsequent blowback from the 1953 Coup made America deeply unpopular with wide segments of Iranian society; and consequently established a reputation of the USA to be untrustworthy, tyrannical and dangerous throughout various Middle Eastern societies as they saw their own nations fall prey to America’s aggressive foreign policy in the Cold War milieu.
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0:00 Intro 01:30 Imperialism, Oil & Nationalism 05:58 Iranian Domestic Politics 09:29 Mossadegh Becomes PM 13:35 America & Britain Start Planning Operation Ajax 18:39 ConsequencesWhy Saddam Hussein Invaded Kuwait | Gulf War DocumentaryHikma History2023-11-10 | The Middle East is one of the most important regions for U.S foreign policy - mainly due to the area's abundant supply of oil. The US has shown itself greedily willing to involve itself in the area if it can benefit their oil interests. The Gulf War is perhaps the best example of this. In 1990, Saddam Hussein’s Iraq invaded its small but oil-rich neighbor Kuwait - thereby becoming the benefactor of 1/5th of the world’s oil supply. This sent policymakers in Washington D.C. into a panic. What followed was the manifestation of America becoming the sole superpower in the world.
Massive shoutout to Zach from Conflicted. Check out his awesome History podcast: conflictedhistory.com
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0:00 Intro 1:22 Consequences of the Iran-Iraq War 6:15 Saddam captures the world's attention 8:19 An undisputed superpower emerges 10:22 Saddam's defiance 11:29 Operation Desert StormHow The Ayatollahs Came To Dominate Iran | Middle East DocumentaryHikma History2023-10-23 | Iran's historical grandeur failed to translate in the modern period, due to European imperialism and incompetent rule. Thus forcing different elements of society to make their discontent known. Amongst these, the Ulama were often the leading force. This was especially true in the Islamic revolution of 1979, as different ideologies and groups banded together to topple the Shah and institute a more just and fair system that was rooted somewhat in democratic ideals. After the Shah’s deposition in January 1979, many of the revolutionaries watched in horror as Ayatollah Khomeini stole their dreams by forcefully establishing a theocratic state.
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0:00 Intro 01:23 Iran's Revolutionary Past (1891-1953) 06:32 The Shah Sows the Seeds of his own Downfall (1953-1977) 16:42 How the Revolution Unfolded (1977-1979) 27:04 The Ayatollahs Hijack the Revolution (1979-1982)When The Ottomans Tried To Reform | Ottoman HistoryHikma History2023-10-10 | The Ottomans were once one of the mightiest empires. But by the 19th century, imperial decay had set in and they became known as 'The Sick Man of Europe'. Under a series of Sultans, they initiated reforms that aimed to stop their decline.
Big thank you to @sultanskinny for his help with the script. Check out his channel for more informative content on the Middle East: youtube.com/@sultanskinny3094
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0:00 Intro 01:46 Muhammad Ali of Egypt sets modernising precedent 06:37 Ottoman Reformation 11:15 Reform's failure & reactionHow Saudi Arabia Became Powerful | Middle East DocumentaryHikma History2023-09-20 | Go to https://ground.news/hikma to see through media bias. Subscribe through my link for 30% off unlimited access before October 15.
Saudi Arabia is one of the richest countries in the world. Thanks to its vast reserves of oil as well as the policies pursued by its rulers, it is now the premier powerhouse of the Middle East. But how did it get to this position?
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0:00 Intro 01:23 First & Second Saudi States (1727-1891) 04:05 Ibn Saud establishes the Kingdom (1902-1953) 09:27 Saudi Arabia begins to flex its muscles (1953-1982) 13:21 National development & survival in a modern world (1982-2015) 17:09 Vision 2030 and beyond (2015-Present)How Ataturk Created Turkey | History DocumentaryHikma History2023-09-01 | Ataturk - the man whose very name invokes strong mixed opinions. Some view him as a hero who forged a nation, whilst others see him as a traitor who sold out his culture and religion. Born at a time when the Ottomans were desperately clinging on to their survival, he would go on to fight for the Sultan in numerous conflicts including WWI. But from 1918 onwards, as he saw his homeland being partitioned by multiple powers, he positioned himself as a revolutionary nationalist leader. Against all odds he led the Turkish National Movement to victory and forged Turkey, a new nation that was born from the ashes of the Ottoman Empire. During his presidency, he would give the Turkish republic a brand new identity; one that saw it pivot away from its Middle Eastern Islamic roots to one that embraced Modernisation and western ideals.
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0:00 Intro 1:16 Soldier of the Sultan (1881-1918) 11:18 Fight For Independence (1918-1923) 22:53 Mustafa Kemal Becomes Ataturk (1923-1938)When Uyghurs Ruled China | Uyghur Khaganate DocumentaryHikma History2023-08-13 | Claim your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: try.magellantv.com/hikmahistory. Start your free trial TODAY so you can watch Ottomans VS Christians: The Battle For Europe about the epic rivalry between the Ottoman Empire and the various Christian Empires of Europe: magellantv.com/series/ottomans-vs-christians-the-battle-for-europe
The plight of the Uyghurs is well-known in today’s world. The Chinese government has systematically targeted the Turkic ethnic group, in an effort to erode its cultural and religious identity. The downtrodden position they find themselves in now is in stark contrast to distant past where the Uyghurs actually established a powerful empire; one that held sway over parts of China and intimidated various Chinese emperors to make concessions. The Uyghur Khaganate lasted for just a century but in that time they’d become major players in domestic Chinese affairs. They also established a dominant presence on the Silk Road trade route, benefitting hugely as intermediaries.
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0:00 Intro 2:37 Early Origins Under the Gokturks 5:28 Establishment & Expansion of the Khaganate (747-808) 12:18 The Decline was Quicker than the Rise (808-840)Khalid ibn Walids Most Daring Feat #shortsHikma History2023-07-30 | FREE NEWSLETTER: https://mailchi.mp/a69f93be6c66/hikma-history-newsletter
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!Irans Most Eccentric Ruler? #shortsHikma History2023-07-17 | FREE NEWSLETTER: https://mailchi.mp/a69f93be6c66/hikma-history-newsletter
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If any of the images or songs are yours, please let me know I will amend them. Please don't report me straight away!Did Palestine Cause The Lebanese Civil War? | History DocumentaryHikma History2023-07-11 | Sign up for a 14-day free trial and enjoy all the amazing features MyHeritage has to offer. If you decide to continue your subscription, you’ll get a 50% discount. bit.ly/HikmaHistory