Flat Earth - Trust Your Senses #FlatEarth Primonome Ultimonome 2021-09-02 | Comparison between flat and spherical water models. The model on the bottom-left is realized with a gym ball. The model on the top-right is a lego baseplate.Footage of the ship courtesy of Wade's Underworld.Wade's channel:youtube.com/c/Wade%E2%80%99sUnderworldWade's video:youtube.com/watch?v=7_PVXhHDiAY#FlatEarth #Debunk
A Visual Solution to @FlatEarthMath Challenge Primonome Ultimonome 2023-06-04 | Here is yet another solution to @FlatEarthMath's challenge:youtube.com/watch?v=lbRT1wiEZMcThis solution is probably more "visual" with respect to the others proposed in the comments to @FlatEarthMath's video.
Flat Earth - The BLEGG Swan #FlatEarth #Physics Primonome Ultimonome 2022-01-29 | The BLEGG Swan highlights the nonsensical implications of flat earth "logic".
Flat Earth - A Christmas Gift For All True Flatearthers #FlatEarth #Geometry #Physics Primonome Ultimonome 2021-12-25 | Dedicated to all flatearthers who have never seen a globe suitable for educational purposes, and who fail to understand how angles can measured on a curved surface.Music:Hark The Herald Angels Sing by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Artist: http://audionautix.com
Flat Earth - How can you see behind a curve? #FlatEarth #Refraction #Debunk Primonome Ultimonome 2021-07-06 | A flatearther asked a proof of refraction. I proposed eyeglasses as a proof, and he thought he could mock my answer by asking whether eyeglasses allow seeing behind a curve. Well, they do.The full conversation can be found here: youtu.be/5082qho8YSEFeel free to go over the comment section of that video and school some flatearthers about refraction.#FlatEarth #Refraction #Debunk
Flat Earth - How The Sun Changes Size #FlatEarth Primonome Ultimonome 2021-06-12 | A short video showing how the apparent size of the Sun changes as a function of exposure settings, disproving all the flat earth "evidence" about a local Sun moving over a plane during the day.#FlatEarth #Debunk
Flat Earth World Map Finally! #FlatEarth Primonome Ultimonome 2021-04-09 | Flat Earth map posted by "Awake Souls" in a comment under his video here:youtube.com/watch?v=y6GBmciDulwMap available here:drive.google.com/file/d/1att3OxemIh-_v8wDjEmlizG2-2Tq20WW/viewPlease feel free to debunk the map in the comments below.If you happen to visit Awake Souls' channel, please leave a debunk message on my behalf too, since I am now banned.#FlatEarth ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Soundtrack:Hyperfun by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1400038Artist: http://incompetech.com
One minute debunk - Flat Earth Relative Density Debunked Without Maths Primonome Ultimonome 2021-03-12 | One-minute flat earth debunk of Sleeping Warrior's claims about relative density being the presumed cause of objects movement, instead of gravity.#FlatEarth #Physics #Debunk
Flat Earth - The Egg Simulator Primonome Ultimonome 2021-03-06 | The egg simulator is available here: geogebra.org/m/aqystdfyIt was implemented online in the Geogebra framework. See below for a detailed description. The egg simulator shows that density is not enough to determine how objects move in space, even if the "down" direction is presupposed. This is a response video to Rachie 00000's video here youtube.com/watch?v=pcHhlYhgECw&t=3sbased on Sleeping Warrior's flat earth claims (I would put a link if his channel were not deleted).Bearded Devil's video: youtube.com/watch?v=vBLmKBw2F04Claudio Borsarini's video: youtube.com/watch?v=4ynxuVLH3zkThe egg simulator includes a set of equations to model the trajectory of an object immersed in a fluid in different conditions. The object is supposed to have a rounded, regular shape similar to a ball.The equations obey the rules of classical mechanics, therefore gravity is expressed as a real force and the simulator is not accurate if the object travels at speeds comparable to the speed of light in vacuum.The equations represent the three main forces acting on the object in normal conditions:- gravity en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation- buoyancy en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoyancy- drag en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_equationThe three forces are considered only in the vertical direction, where the positive sign corresponds to "up".The model is designed for incompressible fluids. The simulator can therefore be used to simulate objects immersed in liquids, as well as in gases as long as the speed of the object allows the flow to be treated as incompressible.The variables appearing in the equations and whose numerical value can be changed at will are:- the dimensions of the egg, that is its width (minor axis) and height (major axis)- the height of container- gravity: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation- the density of the egg and the density of the fluid: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density- the dynamic viscosity of the fluid: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity#Dynamic_and_kinematic_viscosity- the initial velocity of the egg: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VelocityAll the values are given in SI units:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_UnitsThe simulator includes some presets for the variables above. For all of them, standard conditions of temperature and pressure are considered as well as average values for variables like density and gravity.The simulator can also be used to model more complex conditions, for example the case where the container is not at rest, that is the system is not in an inertial reference frame as defined by classical mechanics. In this case, the value for gravity must include all other forces, fictitious and non fictitious. This is the case for some of the presets. For example, the value for gravity includes centrifugal acceleration in the case of the ISS preset, which makes the resulting vertical force almost null. In the case of the egg falling inside the fuselage of an aircraft, the value for the variable g is the difference of gravitational acceleration and the acceleration of the aircraft in the vertical direction.The equations used for the drag coefficient can be found here:doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2015.02.009There is no parameter in the drag equations for the roughness of the object surface, therefore the object is considered smooth in relation to the viscosity of the fluid.The simulator has several limitations. The equations for drag do not correctly take into account compressible fluids, and for some values of velocity and dynamic viscosity they are not correctly solved, therefore the simulation fails. Moreover, for viscous fluids, the simulation is not accurate close to the borders of the container. Several outcomes of the simulation are not correctly implemented, to keep the model simple and efficient. For example, when the egg touches the container, the simulation should end but if the trajectory presents a reversal, then the egg may start moving again. Depending on the Internet browser used, the simulator might be executed too slowly or not at all, this depends entirely on the Geogebra platform.To submit bugs please leave a comment below.#FlatEarth #Physics
Flat Earth 101: Prove Your Floor Flat With A Laser Pointer #FlatEarth #Geometry Primonome Ultimonome 2020-10-18 | Wanna prove the Earth flat? Start by learning how to verify that your floor is flat, first. Watch the video and check the model here:geogebra.org/m/z2ytkgbpThis is a video response to Rachie 00000's video: youtube.com/watch?v=-e3YcegJews
Flat Earth - Anti-globe destroys the globe. #FlatEarth #Globe #Perspective Primonome Ultimonome 2020-08-30 | Anti-globe has apparently discovered a fault in all globe models: objects should tilt away but they do not, or at least not always. Is this a real problem of the geometry of the sphere, or is instead Anti-globe unable to grasp the basic aspects of perspective?Anti-globe's channel:youtube.com/channel/UCMl21Na_DzNyjkvGl_AwOAAPOV-Ray globe models:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAgo4qQpdb04qXb9UH4VkWNUKBKoFrgy_The 2D printable model used in this video:imgur.com/a/Dg0Gbx7
Tangents, perspective and tilt on an accurate globe model #POVRay #Perspective #FlatEarth Primonome Ultimonome 2020-08-21 | Tangents, perspective and tilt on an accurate globe model. The model is accurate with respect to the representation of the globe, which is not approximated by a mesh but is instead correctly represented by POV-Ray with the equation of the sphere.Refraction is not modelled.Content of the video:0:12 Explanation of the model1:21 Tangent to the globe3:31 Perspective to and beyond the horizon5:01 TiltThe simulation is realized with POV-Ray: povray.orgThe source code of the model follows. Notice that angle brackets had to be replaced with visually similar characters ＜＞. If you want to use the model with POV-Ray, the original angle brackets must be restored. ################ POV-Ray model file start ##################include "colors.inc"// Units#declare Km = 1; // kilometers units#declare M = Km / 1000; // meters units#declare Mi = 1609.344 * M; // miles unit#declare Ft = Mi / 5280; // feet unit#declare Yd = Mi / 1760; // yards unit#declare NM = 1.852 * Km; // nautical miles unit// Earth #declare EarthRadius = 6371 * Km;#declare EarthCheckerSquares = 36;// Observer#declare ObserverX = 0;#declare ObserverY = 0;#declare ObserverZ = 0;#declare ZoomLevel = 1;#declare LookAroundAngle = 0;// Arrows#declare ArrowsHeight = 2000 * Km; // 2 * M;#declare ArrowsDiameter = 300 * Km; // 0.3 * M;#declare ArrowsPerDegree = 1 / 10; // how many arrows per degree? #declare ArrowsDegreesSpan = 360; // span the arrows for how many degrees?#declare ArrowsHorShift = 0 * M;// Stripes#declare StripesHeight = 5 * M;#declare Rnd_1 = seed (1153);// Changes to the above variables can be put in the file dynamic_vars.inc#include "dynamic_vars.inc"// Derived variables#declare LookAroundAngleRadians = LookAroundAngle * 2 * pi / 360;#declare ArrowsTipDiameter = 5 * ArrowsDiameter;#declare ArrowsTipHeight = 5 * ArrowsDiameter;#declare ArrowsAngle = 1 / ArrowsPerDegree; #declare ArrowsCount = ArrowsDegreesSpan / ArrowsAngle;#declare EarthCenter = ＜0, -EarthRadius, 0＞;#declare ObserverPos = ＜ObserverX, ObserverY, ObserverZ＞;global_settings { ambient_light White * 1}light_source { ＜-1, 1, -1＞ * 100000 * Km, White * 2 parallel // it is an approximation!}camera { location ＜ObserverX, ObserverY, ObserverZ＞ look_at ObserverPos + ＜ sin(LookAroundAngleRadians), 0, cos(LookAroundAngleRadians) ＞ right 4/3 * x / ZoomLevel up 3/4 * y / ZoomLevel}// Earthsphere { ＜0, 0, 0＞, EarthRadius rotate ＜0, 0, 90＞ rotate ＜-90, 0, 0＞ translate EarthCenter texture { pigment { uv_mapping checker Gray * 0.5, White scale 1 / EarthCheckerSquares } }}// Arrows// loop start#for (Step, 0, ArrowsCount) // stick of the arrow cylinder { ＜0, EarthRadius, 0＞, ＜0, EarthRadius + ArrowsHeight, 0＞, ArrowsDiameter / 2 texture { pigment { color rgb(＜rand(Rnd_1),rand(Rnd_1),rand(Rnd_1)＞ * 0.5) } } rotate ＜Step * ArrowsAngle, 0, 0＞ translate EarthCenter translate ＜ArrowsHorShift, 0, 0＞ } // Tip of the arrow cylinder { ＜0, -1, 0＞, ＜0, 1, 0＞, 1 texture { pigment { rgb＜1, 0.5, 0.5＞ } } scale ＜ArrowsTipDiameter / 2, ArrowsTipHeight, ArrowsTipDiameter / 2＞ translate ＜0, ArrowsHeight + ArrowsTipHeight, 0＞ translate -1 * EarthCenter rotate ＜Step * ArrowsAngle, 0, 0＞ translate EarthCenter translate ＜ArrowsHorShift, 0, 0＞ }#end// loop end// Stripesbox { ＜-4, -4, 1＞ * EarthRadius, ＜4, 4, 0＞ * EarthRadius texture { pigment { checker Blue * 0.5, Green scale ＜sin(ArrowsAngle * 2 * pi / 360) * EarthRadius, StripesHeight, EarthRadius * 4＞ translate ＜0, 0, -EarthRadius * 2＞ } } rotate ＜0, 90, 0＞}################# POV-Ray model file end ##################-----------Music:Mozart - Eine Kleine Nachtmusik allegro by Advent Chamber Orchestrafreemusicarchive.org/music/Advent_Chamber_Orchestra/Selections_from_the_2005-2006_Season/Advent_Chamber_Orchestra_-_04_-_Mozart_-_A_Little_Night_Music_allegrodistributed under CC BY-SA 3.0 UScreativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us
Tilt of objects beyond the horizon on a globe #FlatEarth #POVRay #Horizon Primonome Ultimonome 2020-08-15 | The simulation is realized with POV-Ray:povray.orgThe source code of the model is available in the description of this video:youtube.com/watch?v=0iecKH0cucI
Finding flaws in Anti-Globes flawless logic Primonome Ultimonome 2020-08-12 | In this video, Anti-Globe's claims about the flatness of a globe are disproved by using only concepts accepted by his twisted logic: 3D solids, 2D contact surfaces, cubes with flat surfaces and spheres with flat/curved surfaces (whatever that means). No 0-dimensional points, limits, infinity-related concepts of any kind are used.Anti-Globe's channel: youtube.com/channel/UCMl21Na_DzNyjkvGl_AwOAA
Tangent to a sphere 2 - No flatness down to 70 meters Primonome Ultimonome 2020-08-12 | This is a remake without stretching of the videoyoutube.com/watch?v=Ne0PEFm80dY&t=9sSee its description for details.
Tangent to a sphere #Geometry #POVRay #FlatEarth Primonome Ultimonome 2020-08-11 | Does a tangent plane touch a sphere at more than one point?The simulation was realised with POV-Ray.povray.orgThe POV-Ray model is reported below and is released free for any use. The values of the variables that change dynamically during the simulation are given in the video in real-time for each individual frame.//################# POV-Ray model file start ###################include "colors.inc"// Units#declare Km = 1; // kilometers units#declare M = Km / 1000; // meters units#declare Mi = 1609.344 * M; // miles unit#declare Ft = Mi / 5280; // feet unit#declare Yd = Mi / 1760; // yards unit#declare NM = 1.852 * Km; // nautical miles unit// Earth#declare EarthRadius = 6371 * Km;#declare EarthCheckerSquares = 4;#declare CubeCheckerSquares = 4;// Observer#declare ObserverDist = 45000 * Km;#declare ObserverAngle = 0 * Km;#declare ObserverX = 0 * Km;#declare ObserverY = 0 * Km;#declare ZoomX = 1;#declare ZoomY = 1;#declare LookAtOrigin = 1;// Reference point#declare RefPointX = EarthRadius / CubeCheckerSquares;#declare Rnd_1 = seed (1153);// Derived variables#declare EarthCenter = ＜0, -EarthRadius, 0＞;#declare ObserverAngleRad = ObserverAngle * 2 * pi / 360;#declare ObserverPos = ObserverDist * ＜sin(ObserverAngleRad), 0, cos(ObserverAngleRad)＞ + ＜ObserverX, ObserverY, 0＞;#declare squaressize = function(Squares) { EarthRadius * 2 / Squares }#declare EarthCheckerSquaresSize = squaressize(EarthCheckerSquares);#declare CubeCheckerSquaresSize = squaressize(CubeCheckerSquares);global_settings { ambient_light White * 10}camera { location ObserverPos look_at (1 - LookAtOrigin) * (ObserverPos + ＜0, 0, -1 * M＞) right 4/3 * x / ZoomX up 3/4 * y / ZoomY}// Half Earthintersection { sphere { ＜0, 0, 0＞, EarthRadius rotate ＜0, 0, 90＞ rotate ＜-90, 0, 0＞ translate EarthCenter } box { ＜-1, -1, -1＞ * EarthRadius * 4, ＜1, 1, 0＞ * EarthRadius * 4 } texture { pigment { checker Gray * 0.5, White scale ＜EarthCheckerSquaresSize, EarthCheckerSquaresSize, EarthRadius * 4＞ translate ＜0, 0, -EarthRadius * 2＞ } }}// Half cubebox { ＜-1, 0, -1＞ * EarthRadius, ＜1, 2, 0＞ * EarthRadius texture { pigment { checker Blue * 0.5, Yellow scale ＜CubeCheckerSquaresSize, CubeCheckerSquaresSize, EarthRadius * 4＞ translate ＜0, 0, -EarthRadius * 2＞ } }}// intersection pointsphere { ＜0, 0, 0＞, 1 texture { pigment { color rgbf＜1, 0, 0, 1＞ } } scale ＜1, 1, 1＞ * ObserverDist / 100 scale ＜1 / ZoomX, 1 / ZoomY, 1＞}// reference pointsphere { ＜0, 0, 0＞, 1 texture { pigment { color rgbf＜0, 1, 0, 1＞ } } scale ＜1, 1, 1＞ * ObserverDist / 100 scale ＜1 / ZoomX, 1 / ZoomY, 1＞ translate ＜RefPointX, - EarthRadius + sqrt(pow(EarthRadius,2) - pow(RefPointX,2)), 0＞}//################# POV-Ray model file end ##################
POV-Ray Earth model 2 - The horizon Primonome Ultimonome 2020-08-09 | POV-Ray 3D simulation of the Earth, rendered with POV-Ray 3.7.0 povray.orgThe model is the same shown in the description of the video here:youtube.com/watch?v=0iecKH0cucIHere, more combinations of model parameters are explored.#POVRay #Perspective #FlatEarth
POV-Ray Earth model - The horizon Primonome Ultimonome 2020-08-05 | POV-Ray 3D simulation of the Earth modeled as a perfect sphere. Refraction is not modeled.#POVRay #Perspective #FlatEarthThe POV-Ray source code is shown below. The code is free for use, modification and publishing of any kind.The model is at the very limit of the capabilities of the POV-Ray 3.8 (dev) 64-bit: the rendering by POV-Ray shows some shadow artifacts likely due floating point rounding errors, caused by the huge differences in object sizes. In fact the Earth is bigger than 6000 units, while objects details are smaller than 0.0001 units. Objects more complex than cylinders, spheres and cubes present artifacts not only on shadows, but also on shapes.Please report any bug in the comments section. An equivalent model for flat earth may follow in the future.POV-Ray installation instructions and documentation: povray.orgThe model is rendered with the following options:+AM1 +A0.0001 +Q11 +H1080 +W1920The source code of the model follows. Notice that angle brackets had to be replaced with visually similar characters ＜＞. If you want to use the model with POV-Ray, the original angle brackets must be restored. The syntax for the definition of the variables in the file "dynamic_vars.inc" is the same used in the main file below, with the keyword #declare.//######################## Model file start ################################include "colors.inc"// Units#declare Km = 1; // kilometers units#declare M = Km / 1000; // meters units#declare Mi = 1609.344 * M; // miles unit#declare Ft = Mi / 5280; // feet unit#declare Yd = Mi / 1760; // yards unit#declare NM = 1.852 * Km; // nautical miles unit// Earth #declare EarthRadius = 6371 * Km;#declare CheckerSquares = (360 * 60 * 60);// Observer#declare ObserverAltitude = 2 * M;#declare ZoomLevel = 1000;#declare LookAroundAngle = 0;#declare ObserverShift = 0;// Arrows#declare ArrowsHeight = 2 * M;#declare ArrowsDiameter = 0.3 * M;#declare ArrowsPerDegree = 60 * 4; // how many arrows per degree? #declare ArrowsDegreesSpan = 360; // span the arrows for how many degrees?#declare ArrowsHorShift = 3 * M;#declare Rnd_1 = seed (1153);// Changes to the above variables can be put in the file dynamic_vars.inc#include "dynamic_vars.inc"// Derived variables#declare LookAroundAngleRadians = LookAroundAngle * 2 * pi / 360;#declare ArrowsTipDiameter = 5 * ArrowsDiameter;#declare ArrowsTipHeight = 5 * ArrowsDiameter;#declare ArrowsAngle = 1 / ArrowsPerDegree; #declare ArrowsCount = ArrowsDegreesSpan / ArrowsAngle;#declare EarthCenter = ＜0, -EarthRadius, 0＞;global_settings { ambient_light White * 1}light_source { ＜-1, 1, -1＞ * 100000 * Km, White * 2 parallel // it is an approximation!}camera { location ＜ObserverShift, ObserverAltitude, 0＞ look_at ＜ ObserverShift + sin(LookAroundAngleRadians), ObserverAltitude - tan(acos(EarthRadius / (EarthRadius + ObserverAltitude))), cos(LookAroundAngleRadians) ＞ right 4/3 * x / ZoomLevel up 3/4 * y / ZoomLevel}// Eye levelbox { ＜-1 * Km, ObserverAltitude, 1 * M * ZoomLevel＞, ＜1 * Km, ObserverAltitude + 0.002 * M, 1 * M * ZoomLevel + 0.001 * M＞ texture { pigment { color rgbf ＜1, 0, 0, 0.5＞ } }}// Earthsphere { ＜0, 0, 0＞, EarthRadius rotate ＜0, 0, 90＞ rotate ＜-90, 0, 0＞ translate EarthCenter texture { pigment { uv_mapping checker Gray * 0.5, White scale 1 / CheckerSquares } }}// Arrows// loop start#for (Step, 0, ArrowsCount) // stick of the arrow cylinder { ＜0, EarthRadius, 0＞, ＜0, EarthRadius + ArrowsHeight, 0＞, ArrowsDiameter / 2 texture { pigment { color rgb(＜rand(Rnd_1),rand(Rnd_1),rand(Rnd_1)＞ * 0.5) } } rotate ＜Step * ArrowsAngle, 0, 0＞ translate EarthCenter translate ＜ArrowsHorShift, 0, 0＞ } // Tip of the arrow cylinder { ＜0, -1, 0＞, ＜0, 1, 0＞, 1 texture { pigment { rgb＜1, 0.5, 0.5＞ } } scale ＜ArrowsTipDiameter / 2, ArrowsTipHeight, ArrowsTipDiameter / 2＞ translate ＜0, ArrowsHeight + ArrowsTipHeight, 0＞ translate -1 * EarthCenter rotate ＜Step * ArrowsAngle, 0, 0＞ translate EarthCenter translate ＜ArrowsHorShift, 0, 0＞ }#end// loop end//#################### Model file end ############################
Barycenter demonstration Primonome Ultimonome 2020-07-11 | Practical demonstration of the concept of barycenter with two wooden marbles attached by a string. Since the marbles have the same mass, the barycenter is located at the geometric center of the system, close to the knot on the string. #Physics #Astronomy #Barycenter
3D simulation of the dip of the horizon on spherical Earth Primonome Ultimonome 2020-07-10 | Rendered with POV-Ray. Earth is modeled as a perfect sphere. The sphere is not a mesh, but a parametric curve. Field of view:- horizontal angle 83.267 degrees, - vertical angle 53.130 degrees. Camera: moving tangentially or vertically depending on the scene:- first five scenes: moving on a straight line parallel to a tangent to Earth, with final destination above the tangent point at an altitude of 2m, 100m, 1km, 10km, 100km respectively;- last scene: moving vertically from 100km altitude to 2m altitude.The camera is always oriented in the same direction.Scene: always the same, composed of a perfect sphere of radius 6371km and a cube with side 1m placed 10m in front of the observer and 1m below it, when the observer is at 2m altitude. The cube is not touching the sphere.Atmosphere and refraction are not modeled.#flatearth
