Spectacles
The Odyssey isnt about Odysseus
updated
In 1980, one Korean city defied dictatorship.
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Script: https://www.spectacles.news/south-koreas-tiananmen-square/
For citations, turn on CC. Sources below ↓
—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
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SOURCES
A = Lee Jae-eui, Hwang Sok-yong, and Jeon Yong-ho. Gwangju Uprising: The Rebellion for Democracy in Korea. Translated by Slin Jung. (Verso Books, 2022).
* English-language scholarship on the event is very limited. The above constitutes the only seriously comprehensive resource we found.
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00:00 RELUCTANCE
02:28 BYSTANDER
07:00 INVOLVEMENT
11:40 COMMITMENT
14:46 RESISTANCE
17:07 REVOLUTION
20:06 HOPE
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Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Includes Music by Tom Fox
"M60-2000 120S Main Battle Tank" (skfb.ly/pyIVR) by Muhamad Mirza Arrafi is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Lowpoly Human Rigged by IcySugar on Blendswap: blendswap.com/blend/21420
In 1971, eight unlikely thieves uncovered the largest conspiracy in American history.
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Check out our script: https://www.spectacles.news/the-heist-that-exposed-americas-secret-police/
For citations, turn on CC. Sources below ↓
—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
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SOURCES
A = Betty Medsger, *The Burglary*, (Penguin Random House, 2014).
B = Bonnie Raines, “I Broke Into an FBI Office and Took Every Document. Here’s Why,” *ACLU Texas*, 15 January 2014.
C = Betty Medsger, “Remembering an earlier time when a theft unmasked government surveillance,” in *The Washington Post*, 10 January 2014.
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00:00 DISGUISES
03:55 PARANOIA
06:22 BURGLARY
09:20 HUNTED
14:02 PUBLICATION
16:35 CLOSING IN
19:10 CONCLUSION
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Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Includes music by Tom Fox: https://tomfox.site
In 1970, French-Quebec terrorists hatched a terrible plan.
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Check out our script: https://www.spectacles.news/canadas-insane-hostage-crisis/
Special thanks to:
@NotJustBikes as Pierre Trudeau
@TraceDominguez as Pierre Laporte
@lily_lxndr as Pothier Ferland
And Discord member Mukund for the excellent topic suggestion
For citations, turn on CC.
—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
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SOURCES
A = D’Arcy Jenish, The Making of the October Crisis: Canada’s Long Nightmare of Terrorism at the Hands of the FLQ, (DoubleDay Canada, 2018).
B = William Tetley, The October Crisis, 1970: An Insider’s View, (McGill-Queens University Press, 2007).
C = Mitchell Sharp, Which Reminds Me…: A Memoir (University of Toronto Press, 1994).
D = Bill C-2, An Act to confer certain powers upon the Governor in Council and to amend the Immigration Act, SC, 1914, c 2. primarydocuments.ca/war-measures-act-sc-1914
E = Liberation Cell of the Front de Liberation du Quebec, “Reaction of the FLQ to the Invocation of the War Measures Act,” 17 October 1970.
F = Marion Scott, “October Crisis: Who Was Pierre Laporte, Really?” in the Montreal Gazette, 13 October 2020.
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00:00 INTRO
04:18 THE FLQ
11:00 DEEPENING CRISIS
18:56 WAR MEASURES
23:37 5630 ARMSTRONG
28:06 CLOSING IN
33:13 CONCLUSION
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Low-poly guns by TastyTony are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (sketchfab.com/TastyTony)
Includes music by Tom Fox: tomfox.site
Help us make more videos by grabbing a poster, tee, or coffee mug: https://shop.spectacles.news
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Hang out on our Discord: https://spectacles.link/discord
Review our script: https://www.spectacles.news/so-this-is-how-democracy-dies/
For citations, turn on CC. Sources below ↓
—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
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KEY SOURCES
- Francis Ludwig Carsten, The Rise of Fascism, United Kingdom: Batsford Academic and Educational, 1980.
- Ozan O. Varol, “Stealth Authoritarianism,” in Iowa Law Review 100 (2015)
- Aziz Huq and Tom Ginsburg, “How to Lose a Constitutional Democracy,” in UCLA Law Review 78 (2018).
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ALL SOURCES
[not all could fit within YouTube's description word count limit. for sources AA-AJ, please visit the link above for our script]
A. Stephen S. Large, “Nationalist Extremism in Early Shōwa Japan: Inoue Nisshō and the Blood Pledge Corps Incident, 1932,” Modern Asian Studies, 35.3 (July 2005): 533-564
B. Richard Sakwa, “Politics in Russia,” in Developments in Russian Politics 9 (eds. Richard Sakwa, Henry E. Hale, and Stephen White), (Red Globe Press: 2019).
C. Alexandra Odynova, “Putin signs law allowing him to serve 2 more terms as Russia's president,” CBS News, 5 April 2021.
D. Stanley G. Paine, A History of Fascism, 1914-45 (Routledge: 1995).
E. Attila Agh, “Bumpy Road of the Hungarian Administrative Reforms: From Political Over-Centralization to Public Policy Failures,” in Politika i Uprava (2014).
F. Patrick Kingsley and Benjamin Novak, "The Website That Shows How a Free Press Can Die,” in The New York Times, 24 November 2018.
G. Kim Lane Scheppele, “Not Your Father’s Authoritarianism: The Creation of the ‘Frankenstate,’” APSA Newsletter (Winter 2013), 5-9.
H. Michal Stambulski, “Constitutional Populism and the Rule of Law in Poland,” in Anti-Constitutional Populism (eds. Martin Krygier, Adam Czarnota, and Wojciech Sadurski), (Cmabridge University Press, 2022).
I. Nicholas Mulder, “The revolt against liberalism: what’s driving Poland and Hungary’s nativist turn?,” in The Guardian, 24 June 2021.
J. Donald J. Trump, “Inaugural Address,” 20 January 2017.
K. Donald J. Trump, “2016 RNC Speech,” 21 July 2016.
L. V-Dem, “Multiparty Elections,” 2025.
M. Ginger Gibson, “Trump says immigrants are ‘poisoning the blood of our country.’ Biden campaign likens comments to Hitler,” NBC News, 17 December 2023.
N. Human Rights Watch, “Russia: Criminal Libel Law a Blow to Free Expression,” 16 July 2012.
O. Adam Easton, “Retirement age: Poland broke EU law with ruling on judges,” BBC 5 November 2019.
P. Eric Bradner, “Here’s what happened when Senate Republicans refused to vote on Merrick Garland’s Supreme Court nomination,” CNN, 19 September 2020.
Q. Trump v. United States 23 US 939 (2024).
R. Exec. Order No. 13957, 2020 (Amended 2025).
S. Peter Stone, “The authoritarian playbook’: Trump targets judges, lawyers … and law itself,” The Guardian, 25 March 2025.
T. Melissa Quinn, “Judge finds Elon Musk and DOGE's shutdown of USAID likely unconstitutional,” CBS News, 19 March 2025.
U. Troy Closson, “Columbia Agrees to Trump’s Demands After Federal Funds Are Stripped,” The New York Times, 21 March 2025.
V. Edward Wong, Charlie Savage, Hamed Aleaziz, and Luis Ferré-Sadurní, “Trump Administration Seeks to Expel a Green-Card Holder Over Student Protests, The New York Times, 10 March 2025.
W. Alan Feuer and Zolan Kanno-Youngs, “Justice Department Stonewalls Federal Judge Over Deportation Flights,” The New York Times, 17 March 2025.
X. Alexandra Villareal, “What is US birthright citizenship and what does Trump’s executive order do?” The Guardian, 23 January 2025.
Y. Francis Fukuyama, Political Order and Political Decay, (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014).
Z. Harukata Takenata, Failed Democratization in Prewar Japan: Breakdown of a Hybrid Regime, (Stanford University Press, 2014).
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00:00 INTRO
02:54 I - LEVIATHONIA
08:58 II - FASCISM
12:59 III - EVOLUTION
17:57 IV - AMERICA
24:20 V - CONCLUSION
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Michael Collins helped liberate Ireland. They killed him for it.
—
Thanks to Brian @RealEngineering for lending some vocals.
Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/spectaclesmedia
Watch ad-free and uncensored: nebula.tv/videos/spectacles-why-ireland-betrayed-its-hero
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Check out our script: https://www.spectacles.news/why-ireland-betrayed-its-greatest-hero/
For citations, turn on CC. Footnotes below ↓
—
Some further watch recommendations:
Slaves & Scholars: https://www.rte.ie/player/movie/blindboy:_the_land_of_slaves_and_scholars_s1_e1/IP10004291-00-0000
Cold Case Collins: https://www.rte.ie/player/movie/cold-case-collins/311112744141
Norman Invasion: https://www.rte.ie/player/series/invasion-the-normans/IP10001381-00-0000?epguid=IP10001382-01-0001
Treaty Live: https://www.rte.ie/player/series/treaty-live/SI0000012579?epguid=IP000067234
—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
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SOURCES
A. Tim Pat Coogan, Michael Collins: A Biography. Head of Zeus, 1990.
B. Dáil Éireann Official Report: Debate on the Treaty, 19 December 1921. https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/Dáil/1921-12-19/2/
C. Anne Dolan, William Murphy. Michael Collins: The Man and the Revolution. Ireland: Collins Press, 2018.
D. Dáil Éireann Official Report: Debate on the Treaty, 10 January 1922. https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/Dáil/1922-01-10/2/
E. P.S. O’Hegarty, The Victory of Sinn Féin (Dublin, 1998; 1st ed. 1924)
F. Hayden Talbot, Michael Collins’ Own Story (Dublin, 2012; 1st ed. 1923)
G. Michael Collins, The Path to Freedom. cartlann.org/dicilimt/2021/07/The-Path-to-Freedom-1.pdf
H. Collins to Kevin O’Brien, 6 October 1916.
I. Rex Taylor, Michael Collins (London, 1964; 1st ed. 1958).
J. Ronan Fanning, Fatal Path: British Government and Irish Revolution, 1910-1922, United Kingdom: Faber & Faber, 2013.
K. Proclamation of the Irish Republic, Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Irish_Republic
L. Memorandum by Collins on meeting with Lloyd George, 5 December 1921, NAI, DE2/304/1. www.difp.ie/docs/1921/Anglo-Irish-Treaty/212.htm
M. Dáil Éireann Official Report: Debate on the Treaty, 7 January 1922. https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/Dáil/1922-01-07/2/
N. Declaration of Irish Independence, 21 January, 1919. amrevmuseum.org/virtualexhibits/cost-of-revolution/pages/declaration-of-irish-independence
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00:00 INTRO
03:40 I: IRISH SOUL
09:12 II: BUNGLED TERRIBLY
12:17 III: THE COLLINS METHOD
17:14 IV: PATH TO FREEDOM
22:04 V: PRAGMATISM—IDEALISM
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Watch the full video here: youtu.be/UPcuPwLifE0
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Watch the full video here: youtu.be/UPcuPwLifE0
Mao died. China got a little crazy.
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For citations, turn on CC. Sources below ↓
—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
SOURCES
A. James Palmer, Heaven Cracks, Earth Shakes: The Tangshan Earthquake and the Death of Mao’s China (Basic Books: 2012)
B. Frank Dikotter, China After Mao: The Rise of a Superpower (Bloomsbury, 2022).
C. Zhang Chunqiao, “On Exercising All-Round Dictatorship Over the Bourgeoisie,” in Red Flag, 1975.
D. Andrew Walder, China Under Mao: A Revolution Derailed (Harvard University Press, 2015).
E. Ezra F. Vogel, Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China. Harvard University Press, 2013.
—
00:00 INTRO
02:13 THE PROTEST
10:11 THE DEATH
13:10 THE TRIUMPH
21:17 THOUGHTS
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Thanks to the following contributions and creators:
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Lowpoly Human Rigged by IcySugar on Blendswap: blendswap.com/blend/21420
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First track by Harry Clennon
All others from Epidemic Sounds:
Melting Glass by Eden Avery
(epidemicsound.com/track/2fqOXWpHab)
Amalthea by Van Saldano
(epidemicsound.com/track/69yTqaxEWQ)
Decision Through Vision by Max Anson
(epidemicsound.com/track/AoAFT1ZSmP)
Fatal Flaws by Howard Harper Barnes
(epidemicsound.com/track/ONEy4eDwZG)
Hairpin Loop by Martin Moses
(epidemicsound.com/track/bPSdR7yAKM)
Light-Footed by Bonnie Grace
(http://epidemicsound.com/track/13x4VTrByx)
Like Moths to a Flame
(epidemicsound.com/track/lLCsKqIAFl)
Divisive Alliance by Jon Björk
(epidemicsound.com/track/QgftTsL1p3)
Fractal Patterns by Bonnie Grace
(epidemicsound.com/track/SuFlORszni)
Misguided Path by Bonnie Grace
(epidemicsound.com/track/yIboE3Njz0)
Surveillance Camera by Alan Carlson-Green
(epidemicsound.com/track/hh2BiAooZL)
In the Aftermath by Michael Rothery
(epidemicsound.com/track/DjHwv0BjhI)
In Disguise by Jon Björk
(epidemicsound.com/track/zRXh0R70GP)
Watch this video ad-free and uncensored on Nebula: nebula.tv/videos/spectacles-chinas-cult-war-full-doc
In 1999, a strange Chinese cult gained Beijing's attention. They've been at war ever since.
This video is a supercut of two older episodes best watched together.
—
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Hang out on our Discord: discord.gg/VWcpybH683
Check out our script: https://www.spectacles.news/china-cult-war/
For sources, turn on CC. References below. ↓
—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
SOURCES (links for some available on website)
A. Andrew Walder, China Under Mao (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 2015)
B. Frank Dikotter, China After Mao: The Rise of A Superpower (Bloomsbury: New York, 2022)
C. Junpeng Li, “The Religion of the Nonreligious and the Politics of the Apolitical: The Transformation of Falun Gong from Healing Practice to Political Movement,” in Politics and Religion 7 (2014)
D. Andrew B. Kipnis, “The Flourishing of Religion in Post-Mao China and the Anthropological Category of Religion,” in The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 12 no. 1 (2001)
E. David Ownby, Falun Gong and the Future of China, (Oxford University Press, 2008)
F. David Palmer, Qigong Fever (Columbia University Press: 2007)
G. Voltaire, The Complete Works, Volume 11 (1968)
H. Andrew Junker, Becoming Activists in Global China: Social Movements in the Chinese Diaspora (Cambridge University Press: 2019)
I. “A Chronicle of Major Historic Events during the Introduction of Falun Dafa to the Public,” Falun Dafa, 8 October 2004 [Note: This is a Falun Gong source but at least three leading Falun Gong scholars (Tong 2002, Ownby 2008, Junker 2019) consider the estimates plausible, not least because when Falun Gong exaggerates figures, as it often does, they tend to be absurdly high.]
J. William Dowell, “Interview with Li Hongzhi,” in Time, 10 May 1999.
K. He Zuoxiu, “I Do Not Approve of Teenagers Practicing Qigong,” Youth Science and Technology Outlook, 11 April 1999.
L. Xinhua. [Note: Xinhua is a government-owned and -directed media source. As such, its reliability is limited, but thanks to government prohibitions on interviews of the individuals, it is near-impossible to find any independent sources with much detail to offer. We have relied on this as sparingly as possible.]
M. Minghui, “Press Statement: Who's Behind Tiananmen Self-immolation?”
N. Amnesty International
O. Part One of this video.
P. Jonathan S. Landreth and J.S. Greenberg, “The Way We Live Now: 8-8-99: Questions for Li Hongzhi; Eye of the Storm,” in The New York Times, 8 August 1999.
Q. Alesso Perrone and Darren Loucaides, “A key source for Covid-skeptic movements, the Epoch Times yearns for a global audience,” in Coda, 10 March 2022.
R. Nicholas Hune Brown, “The traditional Chinese dance troupe China doesn’t want you to see,” in The Guardian, 12 December 2017.
S. Jia Tolentino, “Stepping into the Uncanny, Unsettling World of Shen Yun,” in the New Yorker, 19 March 2019.
T. Brandy Zadrozny and Ben Collins, “Trump, QAnon and an impending judgment day: Behind the Facebook-fueled rise of The Epoch Times,” for NBC, 20 August 2019.
U. Darren Loucaides and Alessio Perrone, “The media giant you’ve never heard of, and why you should pay attention,” for OpenDemocracy, 10 March 2022.
V. Ben Hurley, “Me and Li — Why I left Falun Gong after being a devoted believer for a decade,” on Medium, 22 October 2017.
W. Matthias Gafni, “Behind the blitz: Falun Gong practitioners spend millions on Shen Yun ads. How do they do it?” in the San Francisco Chronicle, 11 January 2020.
X. Heather Kavan, “Falun Gong in the media: What can we believe?,” Power and Place ANZCA08 Conference, 2008.
Y. ABC YouTube.
Z. Stephen Sacco, “Questions remain in Deerpark death,” for the Times Herald-Record, 6 May 2008.
AA. CNN
AB. New York Times
AC. Time
AD. ABC
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00:00 PART ONE: THE WAR ON FALUN GONG
05:00 I. QIGONG, REBORN
11:22 II. ENTER, LI HONGZHI
13:42 III. SKIRMISHES
15:16 IV. WAR
17:27 PART TWO: THE INSANITY UNFOLDS
21:24 I. ORIGINS
25:08 II. THE PROBLEMS
27:21 III. THE HUMAN TOLL
30:10 IV. THOUGHTS
—
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Lowpoly Human Rigged by IcySugar on Blendswap: blendswap.com/blend/21420
In 2003, Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić was assassinated. The question was not who did it, but how it happened.
Special thanks to Discord community member Alexander for coaching on pronunciation.
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For citations, turn on CC.
—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
SOURCES
A. Iva Vukušić, Serbian Paramilitaries and the Breakup of Yugoslavia: State Connections and Patterns of Violence, (Routledge, 2023).
B. IRMCT Stanisic, hearing, witness RFJ-151 (19 September 2017), https://ucr. irmct.org/scasedocs/case/MICT-15-96#transcripts
C. Vasic, Assassination
D. Yugoslavia’s Presidential Election: The Serbian People’s Moment of Truth. International Crisis Group, 2000.
4B. Danas, 11/21
F. Steven Erlanger, “Large Crowd in Belgrade Heartens Yugoslav Opposition,” in the New York Times, 14 April 2000.
G. Steven Erlanger, “Police Disrupt March to Milosevic’s House,” in the New York Times, 30 September 1999.
H. John Pomfret, “Serbia’s Elastic Man,” in The Washington Post, 27 December 1996.
4C. Pescanik, 2011
J. Geopost
K. Adam Roberts and Timothy Garton Ash, Civil Resistance and Power Politics_ The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present (Oxford University Press, 2009)
L. Jacqueline R. McAllister, “The Extraordinary Gamble: How the Yugoslav Tribunal's Indictment of Slobodan Milosevic During the Kosovo War Affected Peace Efforts,” in The Brown Journal of World Affairs 26 no. 1 (Fall/Winter 2019)
M. Misha Glenny, “Zoran Djindjic: Serbia’s most capable and daring politician,” in The Guardian, 13 March 2003.
N. “Laws Altered, Milosevic Calls Election For September,” Associated Press, 28 July 2000.
O. Steven Erlanger, “Milosevic Seeking a Runoff Election After His Setback,” in The New York Times, 27 September 2000.
P. Steven Erlanger, “New Serbian Leader Vows Fast Improvements,” in The New York Times, 25 December 2000.
Q. Konstantinos D. Magliveras, “The Interplay Between the Transfer of Slobodan Milosevic to the ICTY and Yugoslav Constitutional Law,” in the European Journal of International Law, 13 no. 6 (2002), 661-677.
R. BBC, “Milosevic Extradited,” 28 June 2001.
S. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Article 17.
T. “Serbian Leader on Life After Milosevic,” 24 October 2003, NBC.
U. Vesna Peric Zimonjic, “Assassin says Djindjic murder was to be first of many,” in The Independent, 9 April 2003.
V. “Serbia Disbands Police Unit of Suspect in Prime Minister’s Death,” Reuters, 27 March 2003.
W. “Rights Group Urges Inquiry on Torture in Serbia,” Associated Press, 4 September 2003.
X. Milos Ciric, “Mutiny, Assassination and a Serbian Political Conspiracy,” in Balkan Insight, 13 July 2018.
—
00:00 I. INTRODUCTION
02:57 II. BORN IN BLOODSHED
08:56 III. FATEFUL CHOICES
16:49 IV. MUTINY
22:48 V. CONCLUSION
—
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Excepting original music in the introduction and conclusion, all music from Epidemic Sound or StoryBlocks
Lowpoly Human Rigged by IcySugar on Blendswap: blendswap.com/blend/21420
"Low-Poly SVD Dragunov" (skfb.ly/6vnrC) by TastyTony is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
In 1979, the FBI went undercover and executed the largest federal anti-corruption sting in American history. We've never seen anything like that operation since—but why?
—
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—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
SOURCES (Turn on CC for citations)
A = Richard Sandomere, "John Jenrette Jr., Congressman Nabbed in Abscam Sting, Dies at 86," New York Times, 21 March 2023.
B = Georg A. Wagner, "United States’ policy analysis on undercover operations," in International Journal of Police Science & Management 9 No. 4 (2007), pp. 371-379.
C = Paul Critchlow, "Democrats Pick Rep. Myers for Barrett's Seat," Philadelphia Inquirer, 3 July 1976.
D = "Congressman Charged After Incident in Lounge," Associated Press, 18 January 1979.
E = "The Life and Times of Richard Kelly—Will it Sell?" Orlando Sentinel, 21 October 1985.
F = Craig Pittman, Oh, Florida! How America's Weirdest State Influences the Rest of the Country (St. Martin's, 2016).
G = John Jenrette Wikipedia
H = Schuyler Kropf, "Former SC congressman John Jenrette has passed at 86," Post and Courier, 18 March 2023.
I = "Former congressman sent back to prison in ballot stuffing case," Associated Press, 17 September 2022.
J = "In the Matter of Representative Michael J. Myers," House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, 24 September 1980.
K = Al Kamen, "Jenrette Sentenced To 2 Years in Prison On Abscam Charges," Washington Post, 9 December 1983.
L = "Sen. Bob Menendez guilty of taking bribes in cash and gold and acting as Egypt’s foreign agent," Associated Press, 16 July 2024.
M = James Q. Wilson, “The Changing FBI - The Road to Abscam,” in National Affairs 61 (2024).
N = Patricia Sullivan, "Watergate-Era FBI Chief L. Patrick Gray Dies at 88,” in The Washington Post, 6 July 2005.
O = Andrew Altman and Steven Lee, “Legal Entrapment,” in Philosophy and Public Affairs 12 No. 1 (1983), pp. 51-69.
P = John Good, “Abscam,” in The Grapevine (2015), pp. 12-14.
Q = Jessica Carolyn Hills, “’Larceny In My Heart’: The Abscam Political Scandal, 1978-1983,” Masters Thesis, Auburn Univesity.
R = United States of America, v. Richard Kelly, Appellant, 748 F.2d 691 (D.C. Cir. 1984)
S = Jeffrey Lazarus, Amy McKay, and Lindsey Herbel, “Who walks through the revolving door? Examining the lobbying activity of former members of Congress” in Interest Groups and Advocacy (2016).
—
00:00 I. LARCENY IN MY BLOOD
02:44 II. CRISIS
05:40 III. THE PLAN
08:00 IV. THE TARGETS
10:04 V. EXECUTION
13:14 VI. VICTORY
16:40 VII. WHY DOESN'T THIS HAPPEN ANYMORE?
—
[ATTRIBUTIONS]
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In 1932, Japan witnessed a triple-assassination of leading figures. The consequences would prove beyond catastrophic.
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For citations, turn on CC. Sources below ↓
—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
Sources:
A = Danny Orbach, “Pure Spirits: Imperial Japanese Justice and Right-Wing Terrorists, 1878–1936”, Asian Studies, 6.2: 129–56
B = Harukata Takenata, Failed Democratization in Prewar Japan: Breakdown of a Hybrid Regime, (Stanford University Press, 2014)
C = Kitaoka Shinich, From Party Politics to Militarism in Japan, 1924-1941 (Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2021)
D = Stephen S. Large, “Nationalist Extremism in Early Shōwa Japan: Inoue Nisshō and the Blood Pledge Corps Incident, 1932,” Modern Asian Studies, 35.3 (July 2005): 533-564
E = Francis Fukuyama, Political Order and Political Decay, (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014)
F = Peter Duus, Party Rivalry and Political Change in Taisho Japan (Harvard University Press, 1968)
G = Nicholas End, “Japan during the Interwar Period: From Monetary Restraint to Fiscal Abandon,” in Era Dabla-Norris (ed.) Debt and Entanglements Between the Wars (International Monetary Fund, 2019)
H = Hugh Byas, Government by Assassination, (Pickle Partners Publishing, 2018)
I = David A. Sneider, “Action and Oratory: The Trials of the May 15th Incident of 1932,” Law Japan 23.1 (1990): 1-66.
—
Chapters:
00:00 I. INSANITY
06:08 II. RESTORATION
09:16 III. REFORM
12:16 IV. FAILURE
14:15 V. POWER
16:55 VI. DESTRUCTION
19:17 VII. ANALYSIS
—
Attributions:
"Hot Rod Constructor (WIP) - Fordor" (skfb.ly/opxOC) by Slava Z. is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Lowpoly Human Rigged by IcySugar on Blendswap: blendswap.com/blend/21420
LowPoly Models by @Quaternius: patreon.com/quaternius
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Get Nebula using our link for 40% off an annual subscription: go.nebula.tv/spectacles
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—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
SOURCES
Vance's Speech: youtube.com/watch?v=HzyQYSSuOpk
Obama's Speech: youtube.com/watch?v=eWynt87PaJ0
—
00:00 INTRO
01:41 WHAT IS AMERICA?
04:46 LEADERSHIP
08:14 VIOLENCE
12:32 BEYOND VIOLENCE
—
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On December 1, 1934, Leonid Nikolaev entered the Smolny Institute. The Soviet Union would never be the same.
—
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For citations, turn on CC. Footnotes below ↓
—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
SOURCES
A = Amy Knight, Who Killed Kirov? The Kremlin’s Greatest Mystery (Hill and Wang, New York: 1999).
B = Lenoe, Matthew E. The Kirov Murder and Soviet History. Yale University Press, 25 May 2010.
C = Kotkin, Stephen. Stalin, Vol. II. Waiting for Hitler, 1928-1941. London, Penguin Books Ltd, 2017.
D = Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich, Special Report to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 24-25 February 1956.
E = “Letter of an Old Bolshevik," archive.org/details/letter_of_an_old_bolshevik__a_key_to_the_moscow_trials/page/n15/mode/2up
F = Matthew Lenoe, “Did Stalin Kill Kirov and Does It Matter?” in The Journal of Modern History 74 no. 2 (June 2002).
—
CITATIONS
[^1]: A,189
[^2]: A,189-190
[^3]: B,152
[^4]: B,157
[^5]: B,157-158,167. The source and intent of the second shot is a matter of dispute.
[^6]: A,30-32
[^7]: A,91
[^8]: A,104
[^9]: B,70-73
[^10]: A,125-128
[^11]: B,85
[^12]: B,82/96;C,180
[^13]: A,170-172
[^14]: A,172
[^15]: A,172
[^16]: A,179-181
[^17]: C,194
[^18]: B,157
[^19]: B,251
[^20]: B,259
[^21]: ???
[^22]: C,208
[^23]: B,281-284
[^24]: B,288
[^25]: B,309
[^26]: B,310
[^27]: C,213
[^28]: C,219
[^29]: B,456
[^30]: C,305
[^31]: B,463-465
[^32]: B,471-478
[^33]: B,477
[^34]: B,478-480
[^35]: B,468
[^36]: C,305
[^37]: B,647
[^38]: B,229
[^39]: B,398
[^40]: B,397
[^41]: B,288-289
[^42]: B,283
[^43]: B,281
[^44]: D
[^45]: A,263-264
[^46]: E,14
[^47]: B,112-113
[^48]: A,173
[^49]: A,189
[^50]: A,200
[^51]: B,407
[^52]: B,161
[^53]: B,162
[^54]: B,427
[^55]: B,413-427. This section of Lenoe’s book is remarkably thorough, with input from several independent experts with excellent credentials. It is dense and impossible to reproduce worthily here. For more details, please read his work.
[^56]: B,477-478
[^57]: B,113-114
[^58]: B,533-534
[^59]: F,374
[^60]: F,378
[^61]: C,198
[^62]: B,210
[^63]: C,198
[^64]: B,201-205
[^65]: B,216
[^66]: B,239
[^67]: B,249
[^68]: B,226
—
00:00 MURDER
02:36 KIROV
09:04 INVESTIGATION
13:43 CONSPIRACY
17:43 IS IT TRUE?
22:38 STALIN DID IT
27:56 OR DID HE?
30:45 A LONE GUNMAN
36:06 HOW ONE DEATH BECOMES ONE MILLION
—
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One of America's first gay elected officials found his home in San Francisco and spent the 1970s fighting tirelessly for gay rights. His murder and legacy transformed the movement for equality.
—
Very special thanks to Niba, Matthew, Tim, and Cat for lending their voices!
go.nebula.tv/notesbyniba?ref=spectacles
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For citations, turn on CC. Footnotes below ↓
—
About us:
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
SOURCES
A = Testimony of Denise Apcar, famous-trials.com/danwhite/600-apcartestimony
B = Testimony of William Melia, famous-trials.com/danwhite/608-meliatestimony
C = Testimony of Cyr Copertini, famous-trials.com/danwhite/603-copertini
D = Confession of Dan White, soundcloud.com/michael-petrelis/dan-whites-audio-confession
E = Testimony of Rudolph Nothenberg, famous-trials.com/danwhite/609-nothenbergtestimony
F = Testimony of Carl Carlson, famous-trials.com/danwhite/602-carlsontestimony
G = Randy Shilts, The Mayor of Castro Street, google.com/books/edition/The_Mayor_of_Castro_Street/HN89LOWz6YEC?hl=en&gbpv=0
H = Lillian Faderman, Harvey Milk: His Lives and Death (Yale University Press: 2018).
I = John Geluardi, “Dan White's Motive More About Betrayal Than Homophobia,” in SFWeekly, 30 January 2008.
J = Matthew S. Bajko, “Naval records indicate SF library's Milk discharge paperwork a fake,” Bay Area Reporter, 12 February 2020.
K = “Harvey Milk Meets John Briggs,” for KPIX-TV, 6 September 1978.
L = “The Trial of Dan White: The Diminished Capacity ("Twinkie") Defense,” famous-trials.com/danwhite/588-defense
M = “Harvey Milk tape recording,” 1978, archive.org/details/harvey-milk-recording.
CITATIONS
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
6. F
7. D
8. A
9. G, ch.1
10. J
11. G, ch.2
12. G, ch.3
13. G, ch.5
14. H, 76-82.
15. H, 83.
16. H, 81-82.
17. G, ch.5
18. G, ch.6
19. H, 89-93.
20. H, 109, 126.
21. H, 133-134.
22. G, ch.10-11
23. H, 158-159.
24. G, ch.12
25. H, 159, 160-161.
26. I.
27. H, 162-164.
28. H, 164.
29. H, 171-172.
30. K.
31. H, 177.
32. H, 175.
33. H, 176.
34. H, 182.
35. H, 184.
36. H, 161-163, 207-208.
37. D
38. H, 213.
39. H, 217-218.
40. H, 224-225.
41. L.
42. H, 226.
43. H, 227.
44. M.
—
00:00 MURDER
04:21 I. CONFUSION
07:49 II. BELONGING
09:58 III. FINDING HIS FOOTING
12:27 III. SECURING HIS PLACE
15:16 IV. FIGHTING HIS FIGHT
18:03 V. CLOSING THE DOOR
20:46 VI. THE TWINKIE DEFENSE
23:15 CONCLUSION
—
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Civic Center No on 6 #1, Smith (Daniel A.) and Queer Blue Light Videotapes, 1999-52, Courtesy of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society.
1975 Gay Freedom Day Parade, Harold T. O'Neal collection (2002-03), GLBT Historical Society, Courtesy of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society.
Baseball is the most popular sport in Japan. Its popularity has a lot to do with the American occupation.
Very special thanks to William Neal Dahlberg, who wrote an excellent and essential Masters thesis on this very topic and has allowed us to share it publicly with you all (it’s normally behind an academic paywall). If you want to learn more about democratization through sport in postwar Japan, here is the link!
→ drive.google.com/file/d/1aKPmb_FCYv2Y_V4yj7yjVSd4-wXNRpNv/view?usp=drive_link
The rest of our sources and citations can be found below.—
Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/spectaclesmedia
Check out our sources: https://www.spectacles.news/who-needs-an-empire-when-you-have-baseball/
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—
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
Sources [Footnotes are in video captions, Wikipedia has been cited only for trivial information]
A = Wikipedia, Koshien Stadium. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koshien_Stadium
B = Wikipedia, Tom Benson Hall of Fame Stadium. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Benson_Hall_of_Fame_Stadium
C = Wikipedia, Es Con Field Hokkaido. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_Con_Field_Hokkaido
D = Wikipedia, List of largest sports contracts. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_sports_contracts
E = Wikipedia, World Baseball Classic / Results. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic#Results
F = Sapporo City, Kitagas Arena Sapporo. city.sapporo.jp.e.ain.hp.transer.com/sports/sisetsu/institution/gym/chuo.html
G = Wikipedia, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_for_the_Allied_Powers
H = William Neal Dahlberg, Democratization, Re-education, and Japanese Physical Culture: The Use of Sport by the American Occupiers of Japan, 1945-1952. drive.google.com/file/d/1aKPmb_FCYv2Y_V4yj7yjVSd4-wXNRpNv/view?usp=sharing
I = Gerald R. Gems, The Athletic Crusade: Sport and American Cultural Imperialism. google.co.nz/books/edition/The_Athletic_Crusade/ZvLMAIA8TI8C?hl=en&gbpv=0
Citations
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. E
6. F
7. H, p.31
8. H, p.90
9. H, p.70
10. H, p.79
11. H, p.73-74
12. I, p.31
13. H, p.10-11
14. H, p.12
15. G
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
SOURCES (Wikipedia has been used only where information is trivial)
A = en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Securities_Exchange_Act_of_1934#Antifraud_provisions
B = Kessler, Ronald. The Sins of the Father. Grand Central Publishing, 30 Mar. 2012.
C = en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_Sr.
D = Nasaw, David. The Patriarch : The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy. New York, Penguin Books, 2013.
E = Wills, Gary. The Kennedy Imprisonment: A Meditation on Power. Pocket Books, 1983.
F = Ronald, Susan. The Ambassador. St. Martin’s Press, 3 Aug. 2021.
G = Dallek, Robert. An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963, Little, Brown, and Company, 2003.
H = Kennedy, John F. (15 July 1960). The New Frontier. American Rhetoric. americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfk1960dnc.htm
I = en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver
J = jfklibrary.org/events-and-awards/kennedy-library-forums/past-forums/transcripts/rosemary-kennedy
K = Doris Kearns Goodwin. The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys. Simon & Schuster, 1987.
L = irishtimes.com/news/politics/ted-kennedy-one-of-the-great-architects-of-peace-in-the-north-mitchell-1.2650892
M = Kelly, Michael. “Ted Kennedy on the Rocks,” in GQ, 1 February 1990.
N = Kennedy, Edward M. (25 July 1969). Address to the People of Massachusetts on Chappaquiddick. American Rhetoric. americanrhetoric.com/speeches/tedkennedychappaquiddick.htm
O = Boyle, James A. (1970). Inquest into the death of Mary Jo Kopechne. Edgartown, MA: Edgartown District Court.
P = Clymer, Adam. Edward M. Kennedy: A Biography (Harper, 2015).
CITATIONS (Footnotes in English CC)
1. A
2. B, ch2
3. C
4. D, ch12
5. F, ch1
6. F, ch35
7. F, ch33
8. D, ch26
9. D, ch3
10. D, ch11
11. D, ch5
12. C
13. E, Ch. 10; G, 95-100.
14. G, 133.
15. G, 174.
16. G, 211.
17. G, 244-247
18. G, 230-231.
19. G, 172, 230, 250, 253-254.
20. H.
21. G. 135-137, 203, 261, 266.
22. E, Ch. 2.
23. E, Ch. 1.
24. E, Ch. 10.
25. K, pg643
26. E, Ch. 12.
27. L
28. M.
29. E, Ch. 10.
30. E, Ch. 10.
31. E, Ch. 10.
32. E, Ch. 10.
33. E, Ch. 10.
34. N.
35. O.
36. P, Ch. 12.
37. I
—
00:00 I - Intro
02:19 II - The Patriarch
09:09 III - The Prodigal Son
14:20 IV - The Last Brother
19:30 V - Conclusion
—
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Shinzo Abe was murdered almost two years ago, and Japanese politics still isn't the same.
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
CITATIONS (footnotes in CC)
Note: Unless cited otherwise, all claims made reference our previous video on this subject and its antecedent citations: youtu.be/wFn6gWYMDpo
1. Asahi Shinbun, asahi.com/ajw/articles/14676617.
2. Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan).
3. Statista, statista.com/statistics/1263388/japan-monthly-cabinet-approval-rating/.
4. Reuters, reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/japan-kishidas-support-hits-low-his-partys-ties-controversial-church-2022-10-09
5. Mainichi, mainichi.jp/english/articles/20231016/p2a/00m/0na/005000c ↩︎
—
00:00 INTERSECTION
01:04 CHURCH
04:13 MANIFESTO
08:25 CHANGE
What would omnipotence feel like? Probably something like AnyDesk. Get it now for free: anydesk.com/spectacles
The research for this video video relied extensively on the book Japan at the Crossroads, by Nick Kapur.
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
SOURCES
A = Nick Kapur, Japan at the Crossroads: Conflict and Compromise after Anpo (Harvard University Press, 2018)
B = Constitution of Japan
C = William Manchester, American Caesar: Douglas MacArthur, 1880–1964 (Little, Brown, and Co. 1978)
D = “The Miraculous Deliverance From a Titanic Tragedy,” for the National World War II Museum, 25 August 2020
E = Robert Fahey, “Japan Explained: The House of Councilors,” in TokyoReview, 18 July 2019.
F = Wikipedia, “1960 Japanese general election.”
G = Michelle Toh, “Living standards are still falling in Japan. That’s a recipe for more stagnation,” CNN 12 April 2023
H = Naoki Abe, “Japan’s Shrinking Economy,” for the Brookings Institute, 12 February 2010.
I = Modern Japan: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Nationalism, ed. James L. Huffman (Routledge, 2013)
CITATIONS (footnotes in English CC)
1. D.
2. I, 16; A, 14.
3. C, 472.
4. A, 8-9.
5. A, 9.
6. B.
7. A, 9-10.
8. A, 9-10.
9. A, 19.
10. A, 11.
11. A, 10.
12. A, 10.
13. A, 12.
14. A, 11-13.
15. A, 17-18.
16. A, 25.
17. A, 2.
18. A, 25.
19. A, 18.
20. A, 17-18.
21. A, 20-21.
22. A, 22-23. CORRECTION: The Diet session was scheduled to end on May 26. All succeeding event dates are correct.
23. A, 23.
24. A, 23.
25. E.
26. A, 23.
27. A, 26.
28. A, 27-29.
29. A, 29-30.
30. A, 31.
31. A, 32.
32. A, 50.
33. A, 34.
34. A, 169.
35. A, 34.
36. I, 16.
37. A, 74, 84.
38. A, 75-76.
39. A, 76.
40. A, 254.
41. A, 254.
42. A, 85-86.
43. A, 84.
44. A, 77-78.
45. A, 84-85, 98.
46. F.
47. A, 84.
48. A, 105.
49. A, 80-81.
50. A, 82.
51. A, 265.
52. A, 267; G; H.
—
00:00 - Intro
02:19 - Occupation
06:33 - I. The Treaty
10:50 - II. The Protest
15:24 - III. The Murder
22:17 - Conclusion
—
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
CITATIONS
(reference numbers noted in English CC)
1. Phil Barnes, A Concise History of the Hawaiian Islands (Petroglyph Press: Hilo, 1996), 38-54.
2. Ibid., 62-70.
3. Dan Boylan and T. Michael Holmes, John A. Burns: The Man and His Times (University of Hawaii Press, 2000).
4. Cheryl Chee Tsutsumi, “State Capitol Awash with Meaning,” for the Historic Hawaii Foundation, 18 January 2018.
5. Office of Hawaiian Affairs, “About.”
6. University of Hawaii, “About the Hawaiian Language.”
7. Aislyn Greene, “What is the Hawaii Sovereignty Movement,” in AFAR, 2 September 2021.
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
Generative AI tools were used in the production of the following assets:
- 02:07, Maori and British profile portraits
- Throughout, archival images upscaled and/or expanded at borders
—
Sources
(† = page numbers unavailable)
A. Paul Moon, “Maketū’s Execution and the Extension of British Sovereignty in New Zealand,” in Te Kaharoa, vol. 6 (2013).
B. †Michael King, The Penguin History of New Zealand (Penguin Books: New York City, 2003).
C. †Danny Keenan, Wars Without End | Nga Pakanga Whenua O Mua: New Zealand’s Land Wars—A Maori Perspective (Penguin, 2021).
D. “Plain facts relative to the late war in the northern district of New Zealand,” (Philip Kunst, Auckland, 1847).
E. †Vincent O’Malley, The New Zealand Wars | Nga Pakanga O Aotearoa (Bridget Williams Books, 2019).
F. R v Maketū, 1842.
G. †James Cowan, The New Zealand Wars, 1923, nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cow01NewZ.html.
Citations
1: A, p.37, 40-41
2: A, p.40
3: A, p.40-41
4: A, p.42
5: A, p.44
6: B, ch.11
7: Ibid.
8: C, ch.1
9: D, p.9
10: E, ch.2
11: A, p.43
12: A, p.44
13: A, p.46
14: F
15: A, p.46-47
16: G, ch.3
17: Ibid.
18: Ibid.
19: Ibid.
20: Ibid.
21: Ibid.
22: Ibid.
23: G, ch.4
24: G, ch.5
25: G, ch.6
26: G, ch.7
27: G, ch.8
28: G, ch.9
29: Ibid.
30: Ibid.
31: Ibid.
32: B, ch.12
33: E, ch.1
34: E, ch.5
35: B, ch.21, 28
—
00:00 INTRO
01:45 I - AVOIDANCE
06:39 II - CONFRONTATION
11:53 III - TO ARMS
17:23 IV - LAST CHANCE
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
00:00 INTRO
01:20 I: WHY ALDO MORO?
09:05 II: FIFTY-FIVE DAYS
16:10 III: A HORRIBLE PLOT
26:10 IV: THE FINAL WORD
—
SOURCES
[1] Bocca, referenced in Indro Montanelli and Mario Cervi, L’Italia Degli Anni Di Piombo - 1965-1978, 2013.
& Morucci, quoted in Indro Montanelli and Mario Cervi, L’Italia Degli Anni Di Piombo - 1965-1978, 2013.
[2] “MORO SLAIN, BODY FOUND in ROME,” The New York Times, May 10, 1978, sec. Archives, nytimes.com/1978/05/10/archives/new-jersey-pages-moro-slain-body-found-in-rome-wests-leaders-assail.html.
[3] “Red Brigade Press Releases,” Archive.org, 2021, web.archive.org/web/20120308192050/http://cronologia.leonardo.it/storia/a1978u.htm., “Press Release 1”.
[4] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Italian_general_election
[5] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocommunism
[6] Indro Montanelli and Mario Cervi, L’Italia Degli Anni Di Piombo - 1965-1978, 2013., ch. XIII: VIA FANI. Page numbers unavailable, so this book will be cited by chapter.
[7] Paul Hofmann, “Italy Arrests 26 as Drive to Find Moro Is Pressed” (New York Times, May 8, 1978), nytimes.com/1978/05/08/archives/italy-arrests-26-as-drive-to-find-moro-is-pressed-farewell-letter.html..
[8] Montanelli and Cervi, Anni Di Piombo, 2013., ch. XIII: VIA FANI.
[9] “Moro Makes Appeal in a Letter, Fearing He May Tell Secrets” (New York Times, March 30, 1978), nytimes.com/1978/03/30/archives/moro-makes-appeal-in-a-letter-fearing-he-may-tell-secrets-moro.html.
[10] Montanelli and Cervi, Anni Di Piombo, 2013., ch. XIII: VIA FANI.
[11] Henry Tanner, “Moro’s Kidnappers Reject Any ‘Secret Negotiations’ for His Release” (New York Times, April 11, 1978), nytimes.com/1978/04/11/archives/moros-kidnappers-reject-any-secret-negotiations-for-his-release-the.html..
[12] Montanelli and Cervi, Anni Di Piombo, 2013., ch. XIII: VIA FANI.
[13] Ibid., ch. XIII: VIA FANI.
[14] Ibid., ch. XIII: VIA FANI.
[15] “Aldo Moro’s Farewell Letter before Execution,” The Guardian, May 8, 1978, sec. From the Guardian, theguardian.com/theguardian/2013/may/08/aldo-moro-red-brigades-1978.
[16] Indro Montanelli and Mario Cervi, L’Italia Degli Anni Di Piombo - 1965-1978, 2013., ch. XIII: VIA FANI.
[17] “" Erano Le 6. 30, Cosi’ Uccidemmo Moro ",” web.archive.org, November 21, 2015, web.archive.org/web/20151121054137/http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/1996/giugno/20/Erano_cosi_uccidemmo_Moro_co_0_96062014518.shtml.
[18] Paul Hofmann, “Moro Is Buried as Family Bars Leaders” (New York Times, May 11, 1978), nytimes.com/1978/05/11/archives/new-jersey-pages-moro-is-buried-as-family-bars-leaders-italian.html.
[19] Richard Drake, The Aldo Moro Murder Case, (Harvard University Press: Cambridge Massachusetts, 1995), 60.
[20] Ibid., 101-102.
[21] Ibid., 99.
[22] Ibid., 104.
[23] “Riflettere sul passato per comprendere il presente,” in Polizia Democratica, May 2002.
[24] Henry Tanner, “Moro’s Kidnappers Reject Any ‘Secret Negotiations’ for His Release” (New York Times, April 11, 1978), nytimes.com/1978/04/11/archives/moros-kidnappers-reject-any-secret-negotiations-for-his-release-the.html.
[25] Drake, Aldo Moro Case, 75.
[26] Montanelli, ch. XII: NON-TRUST.
[27] “SCANDALS: The Lockheed Mystery,” in Time Magazine, 13 September 1976.
[28] Drake, Aldo Moro Scandal, 90
[29] Ibid., 90.
[30] Ibid., 90.
[31] Ibid., 30.
[32] Ibid., 90.
[33] Ibid., 174.
[34] Alessandra Stanley, “Rome Journal; Agony Lingers, 20 Years After the Moro Killing,” in The New York Times, 9 May, 1998.
[35] Anna Cento Bull, Italian Neofascism: The Strategy of Tension and the Politics of Nonreconciliation (Berghan Books, 2007), 7; Philip Willian, “Moro's ghost haunts political life,” in The Guardian, 9 May 2003.
[36] Central Intelligence Agency, The Red Brigades: A Primer, 13-14.
[37] Montanelli and Cervi, Anni Di Piombo - 1965-1978, 2013., ch. XIII: VIA FANI
[38] Drake, Aldo Moro Case, 117.
[39] Ibid., 117.
[40] Ibid., 84.
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
00:00 Intro
01:07 I — HISPANIOLA
03:00 II — REVOLUTION
04:38 III — VISION
06:57 IV — ABOLITION
09:16 V — NAPOLEON
—
Footnotes in captions, sources here:
[^1]: Jeremy D. Popkin, _A Concise History of the Haitian Revolution_ (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012), 11-12.
[^2]: Ibid., 2.
[^3]: Sudhir Hazareesingh, _Black Spartacus: The Epic Life of Toussaint Louverture_ (Farrar, Strous, and Giroux, 2021). No page number available from .epub format.
[^4]: C.L.R. James, _The Black Jacobins_, 2nd ed. (Random House, 1963), 33-44.
[^5]: Popkin, 2.
[^6]: Ibid., 36-38.
[^7]: James, 90; Popkin, 43; Hazareesingh. Toussaint’s entry into the Haitian Revolution is a subject of considerable historical debate. Some go so far as to theorize that he collaborated with white planters to provoke the event. Others suggest that he was present at one of the first gatherings of the slaves who plotted the revolt in the Northern Province. The Trinidadian historian C.L.R. James asserts that Toussaint was in contact with other leaders, but was conservative and cautious enough to wait to join the revolt until it was under way.
[^8]: Popkin, 45.
[^9]: James, 116-117; Madison Smartt Bell, _Toussaint Louverture: A Biography_ (Vintage, 2008). .epub format, page numbers N A.
[^10]: James, 131-132.
[^11]: Popkin, 44.
[^12]: Ibid., 49.
[^13]: Ibid., 44.
[^14]: Ibid., 44, 49.
[^15]: Ibid., 55.
[^16]: Ibid., 59.
[^17]: Ibid., 66.
[^18]: James, 132, 143-144.
[^19]: Popkin, 75.
[^20]: Ibid., 76, 78; James, 186-187.
[^21]: Popkin, 83-89, 99.
[^22]: Popkin, 105.
[^23]: Consider Andrew Roberts, _Napoleon: A Life_, (Penguin, 2015).
[^24]: Popkin, 90, 96-100, 112; James, 276-277.
[^25]: Popkin, 117.
[^26]: Ibid., 118.
[^27]: Ibid., 118-119.
[^28]: Ibid., 121-127.
[^29]: Ibid., 130-133.
[^30]: Ibid., 137.
[^31]: Ibid., 144-145.
[^32]: Gaspar Gourgaud, _Sainte-Hélène. Journal inédit de 1815 à 1818_, ed. le Vicomte de Grouchy & Antoine Guillois. Two volumes, Paris: Ernest Flammarion, 1899, 402.
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
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00:00 Intro
03:07 I - BIRTH OF HAMAS
05:36 II - THE WITHDRAWAL
07:26 III - ELECTION DAY
10:05 IV - THE STORM
12:15 Conclusion
This video serves as an entry in the #CancelSuperPACs contest! — cancelsuperpacs.com
In 2010, a lower court made a huge mistake that opened the floodgates of dark money, jeopardizing American democracy and radically driving up the risk of corruption in politics.
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
00:00 Intro
05:30 Who is Olof Palme?
10:15 Police Blunders
12:21 I - The South African
15:51 II - The Grand Man
21:58 III - The Skandia Man
30:55 Conclusion
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JJJreact
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
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00:00 NEIGHBORS
04:00 VERTICALITY
05:39 "I KNOW A GUY"
07:59 THE DEMOCRATIC ADVANTAGE
10:50 BUILDING RESILIENCE
On January 23, 1999, five cultists self-immolated in Tiananmen Square. This is their insane story.
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
00:00 THE EVENT
03:55 I — WHAT IS THIS CULT?
07:45 II — THE PROBLEMS BEGIN
11:25 III — IT GETS DANGEROUS
15:40 CLOSING THOUGHTS
17:20 a note on censorship
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Special thanks to Discord community member Jackqulen who helped me with Chinese pronunciation. Anything I get right is thanks to them; anything wrong is my fault.
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Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
00:00 I - THE CONFRONTATION
05:00 II - A NEW CHINA
08:35 III - WHO IS LI HONGZHI
11:00 IV - WHAT IS FALUN GONG
14:25 V - FINAL THOUGHTS
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Oppenheimer is widely regarded as the father of the atomic bomb, but he didn’t do it alone. Scores of scientists were exiled from Germany, as anti-Jewish laws proliferated. America welcomed many of them, and this openness gave the country the tools it needed to win the race for the bomb.
Unfortunately, though, it wouldn’t be long after victory in WWII that America set its sights on a new enemy: communism. Despite their enormous service to the country, many scientists were swept up in the anti-communist crusade and betrayed…including Oppenheimer.
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
00:00 Intro
00:58 Preface
03:01 I - THE PURGE
07:18 II - THE RACE BEGINS
10:18 III - MANHATTAN
19:00 IV - THE NEW WORLD
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Arguments over media bias, while a constant feature of politics, have recently burst into the limelight following Elon Musk’s takeover of Twitter and his erratic policy-making and -unmaking regarding media labels, which blended, separated, then re-blended disparate outlets like the BBC, NPR, RT, Xinhua, and others. Confusion abounds and one question seems especially common – “who can we really trust?”
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
00:00 INTRO
01:28 I - STATIST MEDIA
03:52 II - PUBLIC MEDIA
06:22 III - PRIVATE MEDIA
08:41 IV - HYBRID MODEL
11:31 V - CONCLUSION
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In Israel, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been aggressively pursuing transformative judicial reforms, in his words, to make Israel more democratic. Meanwhile, thousands have been taking to the streets for the past 15 weeks straight in the largest protests in Israel’s history. We explore the history of Israel’s founding to explain why this country is so strange and why it has no constitution. We’ll also take a look at the reforms and the coalition pursuing them to diagnose what risk these policies may pose to Israeli democracy. Turns out that when you invent a country out of thin air in the 1940s, it’s helpful to write a constitution!
Who would’ve thunk it?
We would have. That’s why you need to hire Spectacles consulting for your next nation-building project. We won’t let you down!
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
00:00 INTRO
01:05 I — STRANGE ORIGINS
02:59 II — REVOLUTION
05:08 III — BAD SOLUTION
07:08 IV — TODAY'S REFORMS
09:30 V — WHAT'S NEEDED
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This video breaks down a surprising explanation of German militarism.
More than anything, bureaucracy built the German war machine, and that same bureaucracy is, surprisingly, still the core of the modern government’s virtues.
We are indebted to Francis Fukuyama for his unparalleled scholarship which fuelled this video.
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
00:00 INTRO
00:57 I - DEEP ROOTS
02:56 II - REFORM
04:53 III - AMBITION
06:53 IV - SURVIVAL
08:53 V - STILL ALIVE
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Many believe that fascism in Italy died along with Mussolini’s fascist regime after World War Two. But it didn’t. Reborn immediately after the war as Movimento Sociale Italiano (Italian Social Movement) or MSI, and reinvented several times since, neo-fascist politics has persisted in Italy. So, while Giorgia Meloni may be Italy’s first far-right leader since WWII, she’s nothing new to Italian politics. The real question is — is she dangerous? And yes, she is. With the help of some democratic theory about the perils of presidentialism, we explain why.
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
00:00 INTRO
01:23 I — RECONSTRUCTION
04:21 II — TOTAL COLLAPSE
07:02 III — GHOST OF FASCISM
08:59 IV — A BAD SOLUTION
12:00 V — SCORE & RANK
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Around the world, citizens are debating what to do about statues of slavers, imperialists, and prominent racists. At stake is how nations remember the crimes of their histories, and, in choosing how to remember them, what commitments they make to social justice going forward. Some call for complete removal of such monuments, while others insist that to get rid of them is to dismember history, but we think there’s a different way.
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
—
CHAPTERS
00:00 THE PROBLEM
02:40 NOT JUST HISTORY
04:40 OUR PROPOSAL
05:58 OBJECTIONS
08:09 CONCLUSION
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00:00 INTRO
02:00 I - PATH TO POWER
04:25 II - UNEVEN PROGRESS
07:16 III - CORRUPT CADRES
09:30 IV - LIGHTS OUT
12:37 V- THE WAY FORWARD
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helper bee cat
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This video draws heavily from the excellent scholarship of Dan Slater and Joseph Wong in their compelling book, “From Development to Democracy,” which discusses much more than Taiwan and can be found here: amzn.to/3Ww2cQ2
—
From 1949 to the 1990s, the Kuomintang ruled the island of Taiwan, first under Chiang Kai-shek and then under his son, Chiang Ching-kuo. The Chiangs and the KMT ruled with an iron fist, which makes their willing embrace of democracy in 1986 all that much more surprising.
This video tells the story of how Taiwan’s dictatorship transitioned to democracy not from a position of weakness but one of strength.
Spectacles is a love letter to democracy, its values, its caretakers, and its ideas. Around the world, individual rights and representative government are facing unprecedented attacks from the forces of reaction and revisionism. But despite liberal democracy’s real shortcomings and today’s all-too-fashionable cynicism, we remain committed to its preservation and improvement. Join us as we explore just what liberal democracy is, how it comes about, and how it can best be maintained in a changing world.
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00:00 INTRO
01:45 I - RELOCATION
04:00 II - REINVENTION
06:39 III - REVISION
09:26 IV - REALIGNMENT


