HelmerReenberg
September 16, 1964 - President Lyndon B. Johnson in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
updated
Ruth Paine answered more than 5,000 questions for the Warren Commission. There were over 500 witnesses for the Warren Commission, and the average number of questions asked for each witness was less than 300. Furthermore, Ruth Paine has given more interviews than any other Warren Commission witness, always consistent with her Warren Commission testimony.
Background
Paine was born Ruth Avery Hyde in New York City, to William A. and Carol E. Hyde.[ She went to Antioch College in Ohio and became a Quaker. Through her interest in folk dancing and music she met her future husband Michael Paine. Though not a Quaker himself, Michael attended meetings with Ruth. They married on December 28, 1957.
In 1959 Michael Paine got a job with Bell Helicopter in Fort Worth, Texas,[6] 30 miles from Dallas, and the Paines moved into a house in the suburb of Irving (Michael Paine's step-father, Arthur M. Young, designed the first Bell Helicopter). As liberals in Dallas, the Paines were isolated, and Ruth Paine was quite lonely.
Ruth Paine had been studying Russian since 1957. In the late 1950s she participated in Quaker pen pal programs and the East-West Contact Committee, which sponsored visits by three Soviets to the US. In 1963 she signed up to teach a summer class in Russian at St. Mark's School in Dallas, but only one student signed up (William Hootkins, who became an actor and had a minor role in the movie Star Wars as X-wing pilot Jek Porkins).
Ruth Paine met the Oswalds through her interest in the Russian language. She had learned to read Russian, but she had difficulty with conversational Russian. Also, she and Michael Paine were separated at this time. A mutual friend from their Madrigal singing group, Everett Glover, invited her to a party at his apartment on February 22, 1963, because he thought she would be interested in meeting two interesting people who spoke Russian.
The attendance of the couple, Lee and Marina Oswald, was arranged by Oswald's friend, 51-year-old White Russian émigré aristocrat George de Mohrenschildt] a well-educated petroleum geologist with intelligence connections.
John F. Kennedy assassination
Involvement with Oswald family
Ruth Paine drove Marina Oswald to New Orleans when the Oswalds moved there in May 1963 and back to Dallas when they moved again in September 1963. When the Oswalds resettled in the Dallas area, Marina and her child with Lee, June, moved in with Ruth Paine in the suburb of Irving, Texas, while Lee stayed in a boarding house under the name O.H. Lee. The second Oswald child was born after Marina moved in. Marina helped with the housework and Ruth's Russian studies while Lee visited on weekends. Michael and Ruth had long been separated, but remained on good terms. Michael was a frequent visitor and cared for his children deeply. At the suggestion of a neighbor, Linnie Mae Randle, Ruth Paine told Lee Oswald about a job opportunity at the Texas School Book Depository.
Lee Harvey Oswald stayed at the Paine home with Marina and his children unannounced on Thursday night, November 21, 1963—the night before President Kennedy was assassinated. When Oswald left for work on the morning of November 22, he brought a large package that he had kept in the Paine's garage with him to work at the Texas School Book Depository. Oswald's coworker and friend, Wesley Frazier testified that Oswald told him the bag contained curtain rods The Warren Commission later concluded that the package actually contained the rifle used by Oswald in the assassination.
Eight days after the assassination of President Kennedy, on November 30, 1963, Ruth Paine inadvertently discovered evidence possibly linking him to an attempted assassination of General Edwin Walker. Among the letters that Ruth Paine reportedly sent to Marina was a thick book of household advice in Russian. The book contained an undated note left by Lee for Marina on April 10, 1963 (the day of the Walker assassination attempt) that Marina later testified she had concealed. Before the Kennedy assassination, Dallas police had no suspects in the Walker shooting.
Ruth Paine testified before the Warren Commission and has been interviewed by a number of authors, including Priscilla Johnson McMillan, William Manchester, Thomas Mallon, and Gerald Posner. She has appeared in numerous documentaries and even a mock trial of Lee Harvey Oswald. She also testified in Jim Garrison's trial of Clay Shaw. Paine was not called to testify before the House Select Committee on Assassinations.
''Senator Muskie, my friend and former colleague; Mrs. Smith, whom I had the great pleasure of serving with in the Senate; Governor Reed; Congressman Tupper; Congressman McIntire; Mr. Dolloff; Mr. Hathaway; our distinguished leader in the AID agency, frank Coffin; Mr. Dubord; ladies and gentlemen:
I want to express my very warm appreciation to you for coming out in the rain. I was informed before I came here that there is no place more beautiful than Maine when the sun shines. And I know that it is going to be one of those great weekends that we will all long remember, and it's off to a most promising start.
But I do want to say that whether it shines or whether it rains, that I am delighted to be in this State and on the ocean. In coming to Maine, I follow in the footsteps of a most distinguished predecessor, Franklin Roosevelt. My earliest recollection, really, of President Roosevelt was a picture I saw after his nomination in 1932 when he came with his sons and sailed along the coast of Maine, and a very magic picture of him sitting at the wheel of a sailboat. So I feel that I'm following in distinguished tracks when I come to Maine and am here today.
I am also glad to come because on Monday the people of this State and country are going to join with the people of Canada in christening a bridge in honor of President Roosevelt, which is one more very strong link in the intimate ties that bind this State and country, not only with our distinguished former President, but also with our close friends to the north. And I hope it will be possible for Canada and the United States to follow this step and make a park out of the President's home, because it will remind both Canada and the United States of a very strong and vigorous believer in the life in this section of the United States.
I'm glad to come to Maine also, not only because Maine was once part of Massachusetts, but also as a New Englander I feel a strong sense of satisfaction in coming back here. Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Connecticut lack some of the great natural resources which have brought prosperity to other sections of the country. But the great asset which they have, which our States do have, is the ability and independence and commitment of the people themselves. And I believe that these States which helped found our country still occupy a position of leadership.
It's particularly appropriate to come to this community on the occasion when the community and the Navy are joined together, and when we have standing on our right as well as our left, some of the men who make it possible for all of us to enjoy ourselves today and tomorrow and Sunday. I want to express our thanks to them. They may be on this base today, but the presence, their training, their skill, and their colleagues in ships scattered all over the oceans, hundreds of miles from land in many cases, keep the freedom of countries thousands of miles away.
It is the United States Navy and their companions in the Air force and in the Army that today stand as the great defenders of freedom all around the globe.
So I think it's most appropriate that the people of this community participate in this effort for the Navy Relief fund and also for your own people in your own home city.
I am glad to be in Maine. Whether it rains or shines I am privileged to be with you.
Thank you.''
TOMORROW MORNING Secretary Dillon leads an American delegation to the conference at Montevideo. This conference is of vital importance to this hemisphere. Our hopes go with Secretary Dillon, and our strong support.
I consider this conference to be the most important international conference which has been held since this administration assumed responsibility on January 20th.
If it were not that we were deeply involved and heavily committed in the legislation which is now being considered by the Congress on mutual security, legislation which is an integral part of the whole program for this hemisphere, I would be attending the conference myself.
In Secretary Dillon we have selected a man who has participated in related negotiations before. He leads a high-level conference, and it is my great hope that this conference will be a success, and it will begin a new period in the hemisphere in the development of a better life for our people. So that we wish him every success.
WE WANT to express our great pleasure at having this opportunity to celebrate the 15th anniversary today of the signing of the legislation which led to the Fulbright program.
Of all the examples in recent history of beating swords into plowshares, of having some benefit come to humanity out of the destruction of war, I think that this program in its results will be among the most preeminent.
As a result of this program, which permits this exchange of representative scholars, students, educators, artists, from our country to countries around the world, from their countries to our country--as a result of this program and the related Smith-Mundt program, over 50,000 people have been permitted to come to a greater understanding of the benefits of our culture and civilization, and the culture and the civilization of other countries.
This program has been most important in bettering the relations of the United States with other parts of the world. It has been a major constructive step on the road to peace. And therefore in a most troubled time in the life of our country and in the history of the world, I think it's most appropriate that we celebrate the 15th anniversary of the Fulbright program.
I want to express our great appreciation to Senator Fulbright who created this program, and who has carefully guarded its integrity since its founding.
We are delighted that Senator Smith is ,with us today again and Senator Mundt who have also shown great interest in the related program, and members of the Department of State.
And it is particularly fortunate that at this time Senator Fulbright and the members of the Foreign Relations Committee are working on a major program to improve and to move this great effort ahead over the next years.
So, Senator Fulbright, we want to congratulate you, and I hope that by this ceremony that we emphasize this most important phase of our international relations.
Insurance salesman Richard Giesbrecht was interviewed by the FBI after he told RCMP about a conversation he allegedly heard months after the 35th president of the United States was fatally shot.
On Nov. 22, 1963, Kennedy was slain by an assassin's bullet on a Dallas street. It was the fourth presidential assassination in U.S. history.
About three months later, Giesbrecht claimed he overheard a suspicious conversation between two men in a lounge at the Winnipeg airport.
According to Giesbrecht, the men were discussing inside details of the assassination. One of them appeared to have been wearing false eyebrows, he added.
"I happened to hear these men discussing names like Oswald," he said in a CBC-TV interview in 1968.
Giesbrecht said he noticed a third man was watching him overhearing the conversation and followed him through the airport.
When asked if he believed "something sinister was going on," he replied, "Yes, these men weren't actors preparing a play."
Giesbrecht told the RCMP, and in turn the FBI dispatched an agent to interview him.
He also told a young Winnipeg newspaper reporter named Don Newman, best known these days as a veteran CBC broadcaster.
"Oh, he was absolutely convinced and he was really scared," said Newman, who detailed what he was told in his new memoir, Welcome to the Broadcast.
"To me, this story was the FBI is investigating the Kennedy assassination a couple of months after it happened, and it's happening way up here in cold Winnipeg."
By the time Giesbrecht died in 1990, his story was never fully proven or discredited.
President John F. Kennedy speaks to students from the Inter-American University Association of São Paulo, Brazil (Associação Universitária Inter-Americana). West Wing Lawn, White House, Washington D.C
President John F. Kennedy visits with a group of student leaders from Brazil; U.S. State Department interpreter, José de Seabra addresses the group. Also present are United Press International (UPI) photographer, Frank Cancellare; White House correspondent for UPI, Helen Thomas; White House Secret Service agents, Bob Lilley, Jack Ready, and Ron Pontius. Rose Garden, White House, Washington, D.C.
The President begins the press conference by announcing that part of the conference is being broadcast across the Atlantic Ocean by the Telstar communications satellite. He then states the importance of the satellite to provide fast communication, resulting in peace and security for all people. Following this statement the President answers questions from the press on a variety of topics including a possible peace treaty between the Soviet Union and East Germany (Democratic Republic), nuclear testing by the Soviet Union, tax cut hearings, the domestic economy, foreign affairs, Martin Luther King, Jr. and segregation, strike increases, and the appointment of General Lyman Lemnitzer as Commander in Chief of U.S. Forces in Europe.
I know that you all join me in expressing a very warm welcome to our distinguished guest, the President-elect, who is passing through his happiest days at this moment, and also to the members of his Government, and to our friend, the Ambassador.
Speaking personally, I will say that we have never received, Mrs. Kennedy and myself representing our country, a warmer welcome and more genuine one than that we received on that Sunday when we visited the capital of Colombia. I mean that quite sincerely. It was the most spontaneous outpouring of friendship for the United States which I have seen, and which I think was extremely helpful not only in giving us a warm feeling of welcome, but also in indicating the happy relations which can exist and must exist between our two countries and the other countries, the other sister Republics of the Western Hemisphere.
Our ties with Colombia are specially close. Colombia was the only country in this hemisphere in the south that sent troops to Korea. They had a most distinguished record. They were given a unit citation. Their casualties were high. Nearly half of those who went were casualties. Those who were taken prisoner had a most extraordinary record of endurance and of standing by their principles. And this is only one of many evidences of determination to maintain the independence and freedom of their country and their people.
We have been very grateful for the friendship of the present government, Lleras Camargo, who occupies a position of distinction here in this country and throughout the free world.
The President-elect is well known to us all. His father was a distinguished poet. He himself has had wide experience and won an overwhelming electoral triumph. He is committed, as are we committed, to the best ideals of the Alliance for Progress. We look forward to working with him in the closest cooperation.
Two of our young men in the Peace Corps died in his country a few weeks ago as evidence of our desire for peaceful cooperation.
So that in a real sense our blood, our interests, our hopes, are commingled.
So, President-elect, you are most welcome here, and we drink to your very good health and success in your administration, to the well-being of the people of Colombia, and to the good health of the President of Colombia.''
The President proposed the toast at a luncheon in the family dining room at the White House, Washington, D.C.
I want to welcome you all to the White House. I thought that this was such an extraordinary group that you deserved the best orator in the Senate to speak to you and, therefore, I brought along as a reserve Senator Hubert Humphrey who has been very interested in this program and who is a member of the African subcommittee of the foreign Relations Committee.
I was just looking over--and I apologize to you for keeping you waiting--we were just looking over the areas that you are going to and the functions that you are going to perform. This group and this effort really were the progenitors of the Peace Corps and what this organization has been doing for a number of years led to the establishment of what I consider to be the most encouraging indication of the desire for service not only in this country but all around the world that we have seen in recent years.
This is a voluntary effort. Most of you, I understand, pay, to the extent you can, your way overseas. You spend your time in a good many countries, living under conditions of hardship. All of you go to a continent about which we know very little.
I have been the host of more than a dozen rather extraordinary leaders of African countries who have come to the United States in the last 12 months. I would suppose that most of them have been imprisoned at one time or another in their fight for freedom. Most of them come from countries where there is almost no higher education except in a few exceptional cases. They are faced with, in a sense, the far more pedestrian but more difficult challenge after the fight for independence has been won, which carries its own built-in enthusiasm. They are faced with the job of building a new country, lacking skilled administrators, lacking the traditions of self-government, and they represent an extraordinary group of people.
I am constantly impressed by the great convulsion which a fight for revolution brings, the extraordinary talent it brings to the surface. But the problems they face today in every case, they have told me, were far more difficult than the problems they faced in the fight for independence. Now the problem is to maintain that national sovereignty and independence and make it worthwhile, because disillusionment is the second wave that comes after the wave of enthusiasm.
Now, you cannot change the face of Africa any more than the Alliance for Progress can immediately change the face of Latin America. But you can begin. And you can demonstrate our interest and concern, and we in this country know very little about Africa.
In 1957 we had more people in Bonn, Germany, than we had in all of Africa in our foreign Service. This has been an unknown continent to us because it was dominated by Europe. Now it is opening up and we want to be part of it, and our interest is wholly disinterested. We have no great commercial history, we have no record of exploitation. We have supported the United Nations' effort in Africa. We want them to be independent. We recognize they face staggering problems. We recognize they are dependent upon the finest shifts in international trade whether there is going to be prosperity or not.
So, I want you to know that in going to Africa you represent the best of our country, and I know they will welcome you. And I think that you will have the feeling of having served this country and, in a broader sense, the free community of people in a very crucial time. So that is why you are particularly welcome here today.
There is an old saying that only in the winter can you tell which trees are evergreens. It is very easy to make speeches about what ought to be done about this country and how it can be improved. I hear them all the time, but you at least are picking up your bags and going some place and doing something, and that is why we are glad to have you.
The President spoke at 10 a.m. on the South Lawn at the White House. The group was made up of 292 students who were about to spend the summer in Africa, teaching and working in hospitals and schools and on roads. Operation Crossroads Africa is a privately financed interracial, nondenominational organization.
In his remarks the President referred to the Reverend James H. Robinson, Director, Operation Crossroads Africa, and Senator Hubert H. Humphrey of Minnesota, both of whom also spoke. The text of their remarks was made public by the White House.
The President begins the press conference with a statement concerning the strike being threatened by the flight engineers union against three major airlines, Trans World Airlines (TWA), Pan American World Airways (Pan Am), and Eastern Airlines. He states that a strike could have a significant effect on the economy and urged the flight engineers to reconsider striking and find some other means of settling their dispute without interrupting airline operation. Following this statement the President answers questions from the press on a variety of topics including why government deficits are not necessarily inflationary or harmful, the economy, support for his legislative program, the proposed farm bill, United States foreign policy, and foreign aid.
Mr. President, Mr. Secretary, Lieutenant Sita:
I wish to express my great pleasure at this country being honored by your visit. You have played a most important and significant role in the most important event in the life of any country. And that is its emergence into a free, sovereign and independent status.
It is therefore a particular source of satisfaction to welcome you to the United States, which also many years ago passed through a similar experience, which has a comprehension of the things for which you stand and the things for which your country stands.
It is therefore a particular source of pleasure to me, Mr. President, to inform you that we recognize in your life and in your efforts and in your commitments, a strong passion for freedom for your own people and for people everywhere.
And therefore, Mr. President, you come to us today from a distant continent, but you come as a statesman whom we admire as a friend of freedom and as one who believes in increasing the cordial relations between your distinguished country and this country.
Mr. President, we're proud to have you here.
The President's opening words referred to President Fulbert Youlou of the Republic of Congo, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, and .Lt. Albert Sita of the Congolese Army, Aide-de-Camp to President Youlou.
Mr. President:
I want to express my appreciation for your very generous welcome. Twenty years ago, 21 years ago, I spent nearly a month in Klagenfurt on the Worthersee in your beautiful country and, therefore, I am delighted to have an opportunity to visit here again. We are very grateful to the city of Vienna and to the Government of Austria for the hospitality which they have afforded us, for permitting us to meet on this most important occasion in an effort to improve the prospects for more general understandings between people.
So I wish to thank you again on behalf of my wife and myself and to say that we are proud to be in your country.
Thank you.
It is a great honor in the company of distinguished Members of the Congress and our friends from this hemisphere, to sign this bill which implements the Act of Bogota.
This proposal was originally put forward by my predecessor, and it is a source of satisfaction to us all that we are now able to make a substantial contribution to the betterment of the life of the people who share the great adventure of living in the Western Hemisphere.
The cooperation between the countries, north and south, their efforts to make a better life for their people, their willingness to advance, their common willingness to take the necessary steps which will insure a more fruitful existence, all these are essential if this hemisphere is to move forward in a true Alliance for Progress.
This is an effort made by the people of the United States to participate in this effort. I think in the coming months and years we can build a stronger and more prosperous hemisphere, a hemisphere in which all people from the top down to the bottom of the globe share in hopes for a better life.
So it is a great pleasure for me to sign this act in the presence of the Members of the Congress, whose actions made this bill possible, and in the presence of a distinguished predecessor of mine, President Truman, who in his administration carried out the efforts to improve relations substantially in this hemisphere.
The President spoke in his office at the White House. The bill (H.R. 6518) as enacted is Public Law 87-41 (75 Stat. 86).
I want to express a very warm welcome to all of you. I appreciate very much what the Ambassador said. He is an experienced spokesman on the banquet circuit of Italian-American friendship, and I am delighted to hear his very generous statements about my country.
I am very grateful to you, Count, for this book, and I am very happy to welcome all of you here.
You follow a very ancient pilgrimage which began 400 or 500 years ago, which reached a flood at the end of the 19th century particularly in my own State of Massachusetts. So, as citizens of Italy, you are most welcome. As old friends, we are happy to have you. As those who come to us with a desire to see something of our society, we are very glad to welcome you.
America is a complicated country with tremendous problems as a society which has made itself one out of many, particularly in the last 65 years when a flood of immigrants came to this country--Italian, Irish, German, Scandinavian, French--and built a society which has very strong roots in Europe but which is in a sense unique.
I am particularly glad to welcome you because I am going to reverse your journey in the month of June and come to Italy. And I want to say that I am particularly happy to have you here even though you are great competitors of our woolen industry in America and even though as President of the United States I am constantly getting letters about it.
I think this extraordinary economic resurgence of Italy in the last 10 years carries with it the most valuable lessons for us. It is literally an economic miracle. It shows what old societies can do when they are reinvigorated and revitalized. And I want to assure you that even though the United States is, comparatively speaking, a young society we, like Italy today, look to the future, not the past, and we look to that future with hope. One of the reasons is because of our association with you.
So even though it may be raining and even though you may be huddled in this old corridor, I want you to know that you are among friends and that inside the sun is shining.
The President spoke on the porch outside his office at the White House. His opening words "Count, Ambassador" referred to Count Giannino Marzotto and Sergio Fenoaltea, Ambassador to the United States from Italy. The group, composed of 150 members of the Incontro Club of the Marzotto Corporation, was introduced by Ambassador Fenoaltea. Count Marzotto then spoke briefly, in Italian, and presented the President with a book, a collection of the works of art of the Marzotto family.
I want to welcome you all to the White House. And I want to express my appreciation to you for your very excellent and constructive study on trade, the problems which we're going to have as well as the opportunities, as a result of the development of the Common Market, and also the policies which this Government should pursue and the country should pursue in attempting to take advantage of our chances.
In addition, I want to compliment the CED generally for the very constructive studies that it has made. Dean David just told me you're doing one now on agriculture. I'm hopeful that you--and I know you have been concerning yourselves with the problems in our balance of payments situation, our loss of gold, what actions we could take governmentally as well as privately, industrially, which would make some difference to this matter which concerns us all and over which we must acquire a greater degree of control.
One of the difficulties, of course, is that every proposal that we may make, whether it involves the question of the shipment of dependents overseas, or taxes on investments overseas, or other restraints which may be placed, all this of course cuts across interests; and we have to attempt to balance the national interest as well as all the private interests that may be involved.
What I think would be most helpful and constructive, and I've already suggested this to the business advisory group, would be the very close cooperation and detailed analysis by industrial groups, business groups, organizations such as yours, working with us in an attempt to bring this matter into balance within the next 2 years, which I believe must be done. So that there are many areas where your work can serve the public interest.
And, as I've said, I don't think that there's any group in the country which has recognized this consistently over a period of years more than the CED. So that we're glad to have one other evidence of this desire to serve the public, and also to express the hope that we can continue to work very closely in the coming months on all these issues which so involve the interests of all of us.
Another area which I think is worthy of concern is an analysis of some of the policies which are followed by industry and government particularly in the three key countries of Europe which have enjoyed substantial economic success in recent years, France, West Germany, and Italy--which have had high employment--France which has planned an economic growth rate of 5 1/2 percent up through 1975. And I think it's worthy of the most detailed study by the Government as well as by industrial groups of their experience, to see whether any of it is transferable, or whether it happens to come about as a result of a stage of economic growth somewhat different from ours.
So that the horizon is unlimited as far as the area of joint effort is concerned, and I therefore take great pleasure in welcoming you to the White House.
The President spoke in the Rose Garden at the White House. His opening words referred to Donald K. David, chairman of the board of trustees of the Committee for Economic Development and former Dean of the School of Business Administration of Harvard University.
In his speech President Kennedy discusses several of his administration’s programs, including the disarmament process, the Alliance for Progress, and international space exploration. In his opening words he referred to Patrick J. Lucey, Wisconsin Democratic State Chairman. Later he referred to Hubert H. Humphrey, U.S. Senator from Minnesota; William Proxmire, U.S. Senator from Wisconsin; Gaylord A. Nelson, Governor of Wisconsin; Clement J. Zablocki, Henry S. Reuss, Robert W. Kastenmeier, and Lester R. Johnson, U.S. Representatives from Wisconsin; and William Herrling, president of the village of Mukwonago, Wis.
The President spoke in the Rose Garden at the White House.
WELL, I want to welcome you all here to the White House, those of you who are foreign Agricultural Service attaches, and those of you who are producers or processors or sellers. Frank Roosevelt has been trying to sell me some polled herefords for about 3 years, so we are glad to have him here.
I am delighted to have all of you who are involved in a very important American industry essential to our well-being in a variety of ways. It involves about $11 billion a year, here in the domestic market, and we are particularly concerned about expanding our foreign markets. This brings us in about $350 million a year, which is an area in which we need a great deal of attention.
We are, as you know, in the Congress attempting to secure the passage of a new trade expansion bill which will give us additional tools to open up new markets. All of you who are attaches know some of the difficulties, some of the problems which we have in attempting to provide for an easy flow of our livestock produce to various countries, the kinds of restrictions which are placed on them, whether they involve fees, or quotas, sanitary provisions, or any others.
What we have to do is attempt, of course, to open up this market. So I want to tell those of you who are involved in this work abroad for the United States Government and the Department of Agriculture, how important your work is.
Agriculture is one of our best dollar earners. The balance of trade in our favor in agriculture we've sold abroad, at least to-for example, just to Europe, was about $1,900 million. We imported about $250 million. This was a tremendous source of dollars--and therefore gold--to this country at a very important time. So I want you to realize how important your work is. And when you work in this area you speak for this country, you speak for those who are involved in this vital industry. And I know that you are carrying on your work with a good deal of force and vigor, and we want you to know how much we appreciate it.
Everything you can do to open these markets up means not only a return to the producer, the grower, but also is a very important source of income to the United States in dollars. So I want you to know you are welcome here. We appreciate your being willing to go abroad and work for the Government. We appreciate the cooperation which this meeting shows between those who produce and those who distribute and those who sell abroad. I think it's an example of harmonious cooperation between agriculture and between the United States Government, in the best sense.
So you're welcome to the White House. And we'll be glad to graze a few cattle out here on the lawn!
Mr. Grace, gentlemen:
I want to express my thanks to all of you for being willing to take part in this advisory committee of the Alliance for Progress. I do not regard this as a ceremonial function on your part. It is impossible for us, of course, to supply by public means--governmental means--the funds which are necessary for the development of Latin America. They must come through private sources, and private sources and private investment will be under increasing political pressure in all these countries as the political tensions mount in the very vital areas of Latin America.
So what we would like from you is advice on how we can make the Alliance for Progress more successful, how our programs and expenditures of public funds based on your experience in Latin America can be carried out most efficiently, and also how we can concert the private and the public efforts.
During the recent conversations with the president of Brazil, we had a talk on a matter which I think typifies the kind of interrelationship which must exist between business and government. And I am referring to the proposals which have been made for the purchase of public utilities in Brazil, with an agreement from the American companies that the funds received from this purchase will be placed in manufacturing industries in Brazil.
In nearly every country of Latin America these kinds of questions arise, as to where private funds should be placed, what kind of guarantees the United States Government can give those funds in order to encourage them, what kind of guarantees and atmosphere we should insist upon, and try to insist upon from the local countries, in order to maintain a flow of private investment.
If local capital and American capital dry up, then all our hopes of a decade of development in Latin America will be gone. We play, in our governmental assistance-public assistance--necessarily a supplemental role, and we want to make it most efficient. And we want to make sure that the private effort there is most efficient and most productive to you--those who take the risk-and to the local communities and to the interests of our country. So I think this is a very important work.
I know that it is perhaps easier to stand aside and criticize actions, but I think if you will advise and assist us, I think we can do a better job. And in addition, we provide a much better atmosphere of the governmental and private together who, in the final analysis, really, can bring about the same results even though they may originate in a different motivation at the beginning.
So I want to thank you and I hope that you will find it possible to take an active part. The very distinguished head of the AID Agency, Ambassador Moscoso, and the whole AID Agency, recognize that the future of assistance really stands or falls on the Alliance for Progress. This is a very key area. It's bound, I know, to bring disappointments. It's very hard to accomplish what everyone hopes. These results are not immediate, but if you will work with us, if we can work out governmental programs which can in the sixties do the same kind of imaginative work which the Export-Import Bank has done since its inception, which represents a partnership, I think that you will benefit, and I know the country will, and the countries of Latin America.
We want to thank you, and I hope you will find it possible to give as much time to it as you can, to register as many disagreements as you think necessary, and to make this not merely one of these general committees which occasionally meets, but a very active body in which you will feel that your participation is regarded as essential.
So I want to thank you all.
The President spoke in the Rose Garden at the White House. His opening words referred to J. Peter Grace, Chairman of the Committee.
In his opening remarks he referred to Hale Boggs, U.S. Representative from Louisiana. Later he referred to Allen J. Ellender and Russell B. Long, U.S. Senators from Louisiana; f. Edward Hebert, Edwin E. Willis, James H. Morrison, Otto E. Passman, T. A. Thompson, Harold B. McSween, and Joe D. Waggonner, Jr., U.S. Representatives from Louisiana; Edward P. Boland, U.S. Representative from Massachusetts; Robert L. F. Sikes, U.S. Representative from Florida; Jimmie H. Davis, Governor of Louisiana; and Victor H. Schiro, Mayor of New Orleans.
President John F. Kennedy visits with members of the Bunker Hill Council of the Knights of Columbus from Charlestown, Massachusetts. Also present are Special Assistants to President Kennedy, Dave Powers and John J. McNally; White House Communications Agency (WHCA) officer, Joseph W. Culbreth; and White House Secret Service agents, Stewart “Stu” Stout, Sam Sulliman, and Ernie Olsson. South Lawn driveway in front of the South Portico, White House, Washington, D.C.
President Kennedy begins the press conference by announcing that he will not be answering any questions about Cuba during the day's press conference. He then announces that the United States would be contributing food commodities to the United Nations to help alleviate world hunger, that the Veterans Administration would be paying a special insurance premium to holders of GI life insurance, and that the Peace Corps would be proceeding with its first project in Tanganyika. Following the announcements the President answers questions from the press on a variety of topics including the space program, the withholding of information from the press, domestic legislation, and nuclear testing negotiations with the Soviet Union.
The President spoke in Alumni Stadium on the college campus at Newton, Mass. His opening words referred to the Reverend Michael P. Walsh, S.J., President of Boston College; His Eminence Richard Cardinal Cushing, Archbishop of Boston; and Governor Endicott Peabody of Massachusetts. Later he referred to Nathan N. Pusey, President of Harvard University; the Very Reverend Edward B. Bunn, S.J., President of Georgetown University; and Lady Barbara Ward Jackson, noted British writer--all of whom were awarded honorary degrees by Boston College.
''Ladies and gentlemen:
Mrs. Kennedy and I want to welcome all of you to the White House and to this third in a series of musical afternoons arranged by some of our most active teachers and demonstrating the talents of some of our most gifted boys and girls.
I'm particularly glad to welcome this youth orchestra from greater Boston. And also, from Texas, to welcome the Breckenridge Choir which is going to sing some songs of Texas and of the United States.
We're also glad to welcome Members of the Congress--and Senator Yarborough and the Vice President's daughter, I believe, come from the same State as the choir--and Congressman Burieson, I think, who represents their District in the Congress--and also all of you from parts of Washington.
One of our great assets in this country are the talented boys and girls who devote their early lives to music, to appreciation of music, to an understanding of it. This is a great and I think vital force in American life. It is a part of American life which I think is somewhat unheralded around the world. But this emphasis upon artistic achievement in music I think is a source of satisfaction and pride to all of us.
I want to congratulate all the teachers who are involved with these boys and girls-from Texas and from Massachusetts--who are symbolic of the hundreds of thousands of dedicated teachers from all parts of the United States who are attempting to give to young boys and girls the same enthusiasm and discipline which has been given to them by other teachers.
So you are very welcome to this house, which belongs to all of you, and to these grounds. We are proud to have you here. I never heard the Star Spangled Banner played with more enthusiasm and precision-and we are looking forward to listening to all of you. And as I said last year, I will keep the door of my office open all afternoon.
Thank you.''
South American reporters surround President John F. Kennedy and President of Brazil João Goulart in the Fish Room of the White House during a farewell visit. Brazilian Minister of Foreign Affairs Francisco Clementino San Tiago Dantas and General Amaury Kruel, Head of the Military Household of President Goulart, stand behind President Kennedy at far left.
General, gentlemen:
I want to express my great pleasure at welcoming you to the White House on the occasion of your 20th anniversary.
As you know, I have been and this Government is extremely interested in building stronger and stronger ties between the countries of this hemisphere. I consider it our most direct responsibility. And therefore this Board, which I feel plays a most important part in binding us closer together and providing the kind of security behind which a more happy life can be provided for our people, this work is most vital.
As the General said, the kind of aggression which we were threatened with 20 years ago, when the Board was rounded, is different from the kind of aggression and subversion which threatens the hemisphere today. We meet new techniques--though the general threat in a sense is unchanged. But these new techniques require the most sophisticated, informed judgments; it requires a knowledge far beyond the usual technical subjects which occupy so much of our military studies, requires a knowledge of political, social, and economic conditions, requires a knowledge of the past as well as the future--so that this is a great challenge for us all. And I am delighted, therefore, to welcome you here.
I am particularly interested in the resolutions which you have passed to make more effective use of our military forces for social work, economic work--the kind of work that our engineers do and the kind of work your engineers do.
Also I want you to know that we are putting great emphasis on the Inter-American Defense College at fort McNair, which we are giving strong support to and which I think can serve as an admirable center for a study of the methods by which the new aggression can be countered.
So, gentlemen, you are most welcome-on behalf of yourselves and your own work and on behalf of our sister Republics which you represent.
The President spoke at noon in the Rose Garden at the White House. His opening word "General" referred to Lt. Gen. Robert W. Burns, USAF, Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, who had made a few introductory remarks on the work of the Board.
President John F. Kennedy speaks to the press during a meeting with doctors regarding medical care for the aged. Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Abraham Ribicoff stands left of President Kennedy. Doctors present include: Dr. Robert H. Alway, Dr. George Baehr, Dr. David Barr, Dr. Walter Bauer, Dr. Leona Baumgartner, Dr. E. Michael Bluestone, Dr. Katherine Boucot, Dr. Thomas Brem, Dr. DeWitt T. Burton, Dr. Martin Cherkasky, Dr. Robert E. Cooke, Dr. Edward P. Crump, Dr. Michael E. DeBakey, Dr. James P. Dixon, Jr., Dr. Warren Fales Draper, Dr. Benedict J. Duffy, Dr. Caldwell B. Esselstyn, Dr. Sven M. Gunderson, Dr. Thomas Hunter, Dr. R. Frank Jones, Dr. Arthur Kornberg, Dr. Lawrence S. Kubie, Dr. Phillip R. Lee, Dr. Irving M. London, Dr. J. Howard Means, Dr. Daniel R. Mishell, Dr. Frederick D. Mott, Dr. George Reader, Dr. Dickinson W. Richards, Jr., Dr. David E . Rogers, Dr. David Rutstein, Dr. Ernest Saward, Dr. William A. Sawyer, Dr. Benjamin Spock, Dr. Helen Taussig, Dr. Ray E. Trussell, Dr. Alonzo S. Yerby. Rose Garden, White House, Washington, D.C.
Senator Warren Magnuson (D-Washington); Commerce Secretary Luther Hodges; Dr. Richard Holton, who was sworn in as Assistant Secretary of Commerce; Roosevelt; Laura Roosevelt, 3; Mrs. Roosevelt; and Melissa Holton, 11.
The President begins the press conference with an announcement concerning the reply he received from Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev to his letter regarding on United States-Soviet cooperation in outer space exploration. Following this announcement the President answers questions from the press on a variety of topics including disarmament discussions in Geneva, the United Nations bond issue proposal, Guantanamo Bay, and demonstrations by United States military reservists.
Commander:
I want to express my thanks to you and to the Legion. I understand that the Commander had the impression here that none of us wore coats around--and I drove up to the White House and was just getting ready to put my coat on and I saw this demonstration of courage, so we're all here.
I want to tell you how welcome you are to the White House, which belongs to all of us, and which I hope you will visit while you are here in Washington. This is a source of the greatest satisfaction. I can think of no group in the United States who is more entitled to stand in front of the White House and on the lawn than the members of the American Legion.
As you know, this house was burned once by the British. During my visit in Bermuda, this matter came up in the conversation, I don't know how, but it did. And Prime Minister Macmillan told me about a British general who visited the Pentagon in 1945--and this is not as well known a fact, evidently, in Britain as it is over here--and he saw this plaque which commemorated the burning of Washington by the British, and the general said, "Joan of Arc, yes, but not Washington."
In any case, I want to tell you how welcome you are as members of the American Legion, as former servicemen, as those particularly interested in the well-being and the strength of our country.
A free society is a critical society, and therefore I know you are constantly concerned about our position here and around the world. I think you should take some satisfaction, though, as Americans, in realizing how great are the burdens which this country has borne since, really, 1941--and in many ways since 1945. We carry the major share of the responsibility and the burdens for the defense of Europe--in Berlin itself--we bear the major share of the burden in the defense of southeast Asia, in the other side of the world. The United States contributes of its wealth and resources to the fight for freedom in our own hemisphere, in the countries to the south of us. We bear a major burden in Africa itself--in the Middle East--in India and Pakistan. We assist countries stretching all the way from Berlin around to Saigon to maintain their independence under great pressure--Greece and Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Thailand, Viet-Nam, the Republic of China, South Korea, the Philippines, and others.
This is a tremendous burden which falls upon the United States and the people of this country. We are only 6 percent of the world's population and yet we carry this struggle in all parts of the globe. So no American citizen should feel in any way that this country is not making a major effort to maintain the cause of freedom around the globe.
This is a heavy burden which falls upon all of us, but I don't think that there is any citizen of this country, and certainly no member of the American Legion, who wishes to relax that burden, who feels that we have carried it long enough, who feels that now others should pick it up.
We want others to bear their proportionate share of the burden but we do not suggest that we in the United States should fail or flinch or become fatigued.
There is no easy solution. There is no step we can take which can immediately bring an end to our burdens and struggle. But over the time, and those of you who served in the first War and the Second War know that what really counts is not the immediate act of courage or of valor, but those who bear the struggle day in and day out--not the sunshine patriots but those who are willing to stand for a long period of time.
That is what constitutes, in my opinion, the real courage, and I am sure that those of you in the Legion who have been devoted to the interests of your country over a long time share that conviction.
So as I said a year ago in assuming the Presidency, no generation has ever borne a greater responsibility than this generation, and as a member of it I welcome that responsibility-because it puts us in the front line of the most important fight in the world, and that is the fight for the maintenance of the security of the United States and to assist others who also want to be free.
So I welcome you to Washington. You are standing on ground which is your own-and on which you have every right to stand. I am honored by the Legion, and I appreciate very much this chance to extend the hand of welcome and of friendship to my comrades of the Legion.
Thank you.
The President begins the press conference with a statement concerning the successful orbiting of the earth by astronaut Colonel John Glenn in which he discusses the historical impact of the Colonel’s achievement, expressed his gratitude for congratulatory messages received from foreign heads of states, and pays tribute to those foreign governments whose cooperation allowed for the successful operation of the Mercury program tracking network. He then discusses a message he had received from Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev in which the Premier suggested that it could be beneficial to the advancement of science if the Soviet Union and the United States cooperated in outer space exploration. Following this statement the President answers questions from the press on a variety of topics including the possibility of United States-Soviet space cooperation, the situation in Berlin, nuclear testing, and the urban affairs proposal.
''Gentlemen:
Dr. von Karman, it is a great pleasure for me to select you as the first recipient of the National Medal of Science. I know of no one else who more completely represents all of the areas with which this award is appropriately concerned--science, engineering, and education.
This Nation, and indeed the entire free world, holds you in the highest esteem and respect for your devoted service, for your scientific achievements, and for your warmly human gifts as a teacher and counselor. Your assistance to the United States Air Force and to the NATO Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development have been outstanding. We also are deeply indebted to you for your continuing efforts in the promotion of international cooperation in science and in engineering.
It is hard to visualize what the world would be like without aircraft and jet propulsion, or without the vision we have, just entering the realm of reality, of exploring space. I am especially glad to present this first National Medal of Science to one of the pioneers who has helped make all of this new and exciting age possible.
The citation says: "The National Medal of Science is awarded by the President of the United States to Theodore von Karman for his leadership in the science and engineering basic to aeronautics, for distinguished counsel to the Armed Services and for promoting international cooperation in science and engineering."
I WANT to welcome you all here this morning. It is a great source of satisfaction to me. I am an old friend of your president, Joe Beirne. In 1947 he and I were 2 of the 10 outstanding young men, according to the Junior Chamber of Commerce. But I do also want to welcome you because yours is an outstanding union, and I am a great believer in the contribution which the union movement can make, not only in this country in maintaining a progressive economy, but also the contribution which the union movement can make around the world.
I stated to the AFL-CIO national convention that the efforts which the AFL-CIO have made around the world to strengthen the free democratic trade union movement, I believe, represented one of the great contributions in the struggle against the Communist advance which has been made in the last 15 to 20 years.
I want to commend you. I know that you are here in Washington taking part in one of the most important assignments which faces your union, to make a determination of what you should do in regard to collective bargaining. I know that Dr. Heller had an opportunity to talk with you yesterday. I want to commend you for the responsible way that you are moving towards your assignment.
We are all concerned not only with advancing the public interest--you have a responsibility towards your members and towards the country, and I am sure that you are going to meet your responsibility to both of these--to your people and to all the American people in maintaining our economy in a way which protects our people, and makes it possible for them to participate more fully in our lives here.
I welcome you to the White House. It belongs to all of you. I welcome you here individually and also because you represent an outstanding American organization, and also because of your distinguished president, whom I regard as one of the outstanding leaders of the American labor movement today. Joe, we are glad to have you all here.
''ON BEHALF of all the people of this country, we want to express our great pleasure in extending a very warm welcome on a cold day to the Secretary of State and to the entire delegation--the Members of the Congress from the House and Senate of both parties, who together represented our country during some most important days. All of us have the greatest pride and satisfaction in their work.
I believe that the delegation was most ably led by the Secretary of State who I think under the conditions which represented intensive negotiations for a long period of time in attempting to reconcile and maintain and strengthen the Organization of American States, in which we all believe--I believe that he did himself great credit and he did his country credit. And I want to express our thanks to him and to the Members of the Congress who accompanied him, who represented us all.
We believe strongly in the American system, and my strong conviction is that as a result of this meeting and as a result of the efforts of the delegation, this system has been strengthened--and I think communism has been isolated in this hemisphere. And I think the hemisphere can move on towards progress.
So, Mr. Secretary, and Members of the Congress, we thank you and welcome you home with great appreciation.''
President Kennedy begins the press conference by expressing the Kennedys' gratitude for the numerous congratulatory letters and telegrams they have received. This statement is followed by several announcements concerning the lifting of international travel restrictions on military dependents, the creation of pilot projects for food stamp distribution, veteran's insurance dividends, and the reduction of interest rates for home mortgages. Following the announcements the President answers questions from the press on a variety of topics including his State of the Union address, the economy, United States prisoners in Cuba and China, and Berlin.
I take great pleasure in this. These two contracts represent the largest water contracts in the history of our country. In addition, I saw this project come to life in California and so it is with special pleasure we sign this.
This is the Westlands Water District in connection with water received from the Central Valley Project in California. It is the largest water service contract in the history of the reclamation program. The revenue is to be returned to the Treasury over the 400-year payoff period and will exceed a quarter of a billion dollars. Water will be made available to about 350,000 acres, where ground water tables have been seriously dropping because of excessive pumping.
This special ceremony, I think, signifies the importance of this action to the entire Nation and it is of importance to the entire Nation. This is going to provide a means of producing food which will be of benefit to our country and, really, of benefit to the world. It will direct attention to the fact that the users of water for irrigation, community water supply, and other purposes, repay the Federal Government for the water which has made arid areas more productive and industrial development possible. Thus, in a very practical sense, the substantial investment of the Federal Government in these large projects is a loan and is a bet on the future of our country.
The second contract with the East Columbia Basin Irrigation District removes burdensome drainage charges formerly called for on an early basis and sets up a sliding scale repayment program similar to other contracts under reclamation law. As a practical matter, the approval of this and the previously signed contracts with the Quincy Irrigation District and the South Columbia Basin Irrigation District permits us to go forward with the development of the remaining 500,000 acres of the Columbia Basin project. The contract limitations, which are now being amended, have prevented the necessary additional appropriations for construction. The fact that accord has been reached on the Columbia Basin contracts is especially pleasing. A dispute over the former repayment provisions had existed for several years.
With the help of the Senators from the State of Washington, Senator Magnuson and Senator Jackson, and Senator Anderson, Chairman of the Senate Interior Committee, Congressman Wayne Aspinall, Chairman of the House Committee, and other Members of the Congress, I can now announce that our goal of a few years ago has been achieved. Eventually the results of the contracts approved here today will be more productive-farms, homes, commerce, and industry-to this area where the population will be steadily increasing. I congratulate the Members of the Congress, the representatives of the water users, Secretary Udall and his staff in bringing these contracts to fruition.
President John F. Kennedy speaks to reporters during a press conference. Seated on stage: Press Secretary Pierre Salinger; Associate Press Secretary Andrew Hatcher. State Department Auditorium, Washington, D.C.
During this press conference President Kennedy answers questions from the press on a variety of topics including legislation, restrictions on public statements by military personnel, radiation in milk, and mail from Communist countries.


