by ChaseJin
...
updated 9 years ago
I know that these two can be confusing to some people, so let’s differentiate the two.
Digital devices such as a laptop, a desktop, a tablet, a smartphone, and a smartwatch are all connected, like how roads connect residential homes and commercial buildings. The “roads” are the Internet which means the vast “network of computers.” When you hear about the Internet, it just means these are the billions of computers connected for sharing resources.
The “sharing of resources” is the keyword for understanding the World Wide Web. When you are online, and you are checking your email, updating your social media, reading from your favorite news website, participating in your online class… that is because of the World Wide Web. If the Internet is the interconnectedness of billions of computers, then the World Wide Web is the interconnectedness of billions of pages linked together and accessed through the Internet.
There is also a toggle switch to change the dashboard view between the course cards and recent activities. The recent activities page is where you will find any recent changes in any of your courses such as announcements. The top section of the dashboard will have announcements from the Canvas administrator. It is pertinent that you pay attention to this when you see it.
On the left edge of the page is the Main Navigation. This indicates what page you are currently in. We are in the Dashboard so the dashboard button is highlighted.
On the right edge of the window, you will find “To do list”, what is “Coming Up”, you can view the calendar and view the grades.
To get to a specific course, click on the corresponding course card. The main navigation will now have the courses button highlighted. You can click on this button if you wish to see all the courses that you have been enrolled into.
Your main mission is to get to the “Modules” page where you can access learning materials. Click on “click here” to get started. This will take you to the modules page right away. If you wish to see other items in the course, they will be in the course menu here.
Always check the items on this side of the page. This is where you will see what homework, assignment or project is due and if there are any feedback from the instructor.
A website is a collection of web pages that are related to each other. A web page is an HTML document that has texts, videos, sounds, animation, and images.
The web pages are formatted and organized to be accessed using browsers such as Internet Explorer, Firefox Safari, and Chrome and these browsers allow you to see the HTML document as a beautiful website with colors, videos, sounds, animations, and images.
Let us look at USAToday's website. If we are to look at this as an HTML document alone without using a browser, this is what it will look like. But if we use a browser to interpret what the HTML document is saying about the page’s appearance it will look much nicer.
So, let’s open up a browser and type in the web address usatoday.com. The first web page you see is called the home page. The design of the home page usually allows you to go to other web pages by clicking on the hyperlinks or simply links on top of the home page. The home page usually provides information about what the website is about. In this case, usatoday.com is a news website and the home page tells you what topics are covered such as news, sports, life, money, tech, and so on and so forth.
Let’s go to the Sports Page. The Sports page is another web page inside USAToday's website. As you can see, the links to other major web pages are still on top and you can always go to any of the major web pages. The sports page provides you information, videos, sounds, and links to other web pages related to sports. Let’s go to the travel page by clicking on the travel tab or link. This web page or the travel page provides you travel information and related links.
And all these web pages are part of the USAToday's website.
So, a website is a collection of web pages with related information while a web page is a page of related information.
That is the difference between a website and a web page.
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. HTML is a set of specifications for creating documents that a browser can display as a Web page.
HyperText means a document that is linked to a related material using a hyperlink.
HTML is called a Markup Language because the author leaves its marks called HTML tags to specify how the document should look like.
So for example, an H1 tag is used for headers, the title tag is used for a title, p tag is used for paragraphs. To see all the tags that you can possibly use, go to W3schools.com under HTML Tag List.
Ultimately, HTML is the language of the Web. This is what the browser reads and understands so it can display the creative designs of each webpage.
Let us talk about what an HTML document is. An HTML document is just like a word document with texts. However, in an HTML document, the author can specify the color, size, position, of every single word or element in the document to customize it.
There are a few ways to create an HTML document… you can use Word, notepad, an online tool such as Weebly, word-press, and Google website or you can also use local software for costs such as Adobe Dreamweaver or free software such as kompozer and Amaya.
For the purpose of demonstrations, I will be using a notepad. If you are all ready, let’s begin.
HTTP means Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Let’s understand each of these words first.
Hypertext is a text with references (or hyperlinks) that connects you directly to the related material. So, think of a Word document with links. When I click on this CNN link. It directs me to the CNN webpage.
Transfer means to move from one place to another. In this case, it means to move the Web Pages from the Web Server where it is stored to the requesting computer’s browser.
Protocol means a procedure or systems or rules. So, HTTP basically means the system of transferring web pages.
Think of HTTP as the railway system among all the computers in the World Wide Web. Remember the World Wide Web is the library of the Internet. On this railway system, only web pages can ride along.
This is how it works.
The requesting computer opens up a browser to request the web page. Then the computer opens its socket (a stop station) just for the web pages’ traffic. Then the request rides along the HTTP railway to the webserver into its open socket (a stop station). The web server understands the request and loads the web pages to ride back to the HTTP railway. It goes through the socket then it shows up on the local browser of the requesting computer.
That is what and how HTTP works
The world wide web is like the “library of the Internet”. Although the library is very well organized, the world wide web is a web of computers sharing information through the Internet. The library is a collection of books while the World Wide Web is a collection of Websites composed of HTML documents, images, videos, animations, and audio files that are linked to each other and accessed over the internet. If the catalog is used to find exactly where the book is located in the library, the URL or Uniform Resource Locator, or simply web address, is used to find the location of the information in the world wide web. It is like a home address. The web address will lead you exactly where the website is. That is what the World Wide Web is.
A search engine is a special website / that allows you to search / the world wide web. /Think of the world wide web / as the “library of the internet”./ To be able to do a search on anything /, you will need to use a search engine / where you can type in / keywords or search terms. /
Search engines / such as Google, Yahoo, AOL, MSN, and Bing / are computer programs / that can automatically locate / any information on the web / based on the keywords or search terms you entered in and provide all the results in a blink of an eye.
That is the function of the search engine.
Lecture Capture: Camtasia 8
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A browser is like a microscope. A microscope is an instrument to see small objects that cannot be seen just by the naked eye. Without the microscope there is no way to see those objects.
Just the same, the browser is used to view websites and search engines. Without the browser, there is no way for you to views these websites or search through the search engine.
Browsers such as Internet Explorer (now Edge), Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome and Opera allow you to view any websites, makes sure the links to another web page works, and that all the animations, videos, and sound works.
That is the function of a browser.
Lecture Capture: Camtasia 8
Twitter: twitter.com/Techs4Ed
Facebook: facebook.com/technologies4education
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2. Bootstrap program - is a special program in ROM that receives power and begins the boot process
a. Turn On PC
b. Boot program starts and begins POST
c. When all devices are fine, it checks boot disk and loads the operating system into RAM
2. Mac OS is Macintosh operating system designed by Apple for its personal computers
3. iOS is developed by Apple an the operating system for its iPads, iPods and iPhones
3. Linux is an operating system mostly found in computer servers is developed by Linus Torvalds. It is an open source software that can be downloaded for free.
4. Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google for handheld devices
5. BlackBerry OS is produced by a Canadian company for BlackBerry smartphones
Whether the device is made by Samsung, Dell, Sony, Toshiba, HTC, Nokia, HP, Lenovo, Acer, Asus, Apple or Blackberry, it will have one type of an operating system although these operating systems have a similar look and feel. All uses icons, apps, windows, menus, and a taskbar or dock.
Subject: Basic Computers
Specific: Operating Sytems on Handheld Devices and Personal Computers
Lecture Capture Software: Camtasia 8
Presentation: Google Slides
Twitter: twitter.com/Techs4Ed
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2. Interface on different operating systems
3. IBM's DOS as an example of the Command Line Interface
4. Command Line Interface
5. Graphical User Interface
Subject: Basic Computers
Lecture Capture Software: Camtasia 8
Presentation: PowerPoint 2007
Twitter: twitter.com/Techs4Ed
Facebook: facebook.com/technologies4education
Email: techs4ed@outlook.com
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Command Line Interface and Graphical User Interface
Before we talk about the Command Line Interface (CLI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI), let us first define what an “interface” means. Let us Google it. A quick and simple definition is that it is “a point where two systems, subjects, organizations, etc., meet and interact” or “a device or program enabling a user to communicate with a compute”. That means, when we interact with the with a MAC computer, this is the interface that we see to interact with the computer. We can use the keyboard or mouse to tell it what we wanted to do and we would be able to see it on a display device. On the other hand, if we have a Windows computer with let’s say, Windows 8, this is the interface that we will see to start interacting with it. We can use the keyboard to type in letters, numbers, characters and we can use the mouse to point and click on apps, icons, links and buttons.
There are other computers with a different operating system, and therefore will have a different look and feel of the interface. For example, a computer with Linux operating system will have an interface that looks like this.
So a user interface is the primary space where the user and the computer interact. Just imagine your computer’s monitor being broke but your computer itself is just working fine. That means, you can hear it working but you cannot see it and even if you click, type and try to communicate to it, it is pointless. You are blind without the user interface (and a working display device).
So, what is Command Line Interface? In the 1980’s, the company IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) which manufactures and markets computer hardware and software, produced computers with Disk Operating System or DOS. DOS was the first widely used operating system between the 80’s and the 90s. To communicate with a computer with DOS, an example of a Command Line Interface, the user types in commands. So, to be proficient in computer with DOS, the user has to memorize the commands to type in to communicate. But who can do that?
This is one reason why the Graphical User Interface easily dominated Command Line Interface in the 90s. In GUI, the user can then point and click on the screen, with a mouse or with gesture. Without GUI, touch screen devices will not be possible today. In GUI, the screen is more colorful, interacting and enjoyable to work at. In GUI, the users watch videos, listen to music, create drawings, edit pictures, and customize the desktop with so much ease.
Now, that you understand the difference between CLI and GUI, you are now ready to move on to the next video.
Subject: Basic Computers
Lecture Capture Software: Camtasia 8
Presentation: PowerPoint 2007
Presentation: PowerPoint 2007
Twitter: twitter.com/Techs4Ed
Facebook: facebook.com/technologies4education
Email: techs4ed@outlook.com
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You probably have heard of companies such Apple, Microsoft, and maybe Linux too. You wonder what they are and maybe you wonder how you can use them to understand what an Operating System is and what it does.
Apple Inc., according to Wikipedia is “is an American multinational corporation that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers.” The first Apple made personal computer was introduced in January 1984. The personal computer is called the “Macintosh” or simply called “Mac” and this is the symbol for it. So when you see desktops, laptops, tablets or even cellular phones with this logo, that means, the device is made by the Apple Company.
Well, ok, the Mac computer is built, with hardware, with keyboard and mouse but you, as a user, has to be able to communicate to it. This is where the operating system comes in. According to this book “an operating system or sometimes called OS is a type of software that acts as the master controller for all activities that takes place within a computer system.” Let’s talk about this for a minute.
What does that mean? It means, it provides the “environment” for Word document, surfing the net, using Excel, viewing photos, and everything else you do in the computer. The operating system also communicates with everything else attached to it such printer, scanner, speaker, keyboard, and mouse. So here’s a list of all the tasks that the operating system does for your computer.
• Provides an environment for running software, and controlling peripheral devices
• Interacts with application software, device drivers, and hardware to manage computer’s resources such as the processor, RAM, storage devices, and peripheral devices
Ok, now that you understand what an operating system is, the Mac computers made by the Apple Co. comes in with an operating system also made by them, it is called Mac OS X or Mac OS ten Yosemite. So, in other words, when you buy an Apple computer, called Mac it usually comes in with an Apple’s operating system, and the latest OS as of this presentation is called OS X Yosemite. The versions of operating system changes after a few years of release and that’s just a fact. Here’s a quick list of all the OS X version so far.
So, now let’s talk about the other big company called Microsoft. According to Wikipedia, “is an American multinational corporation that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. “ Sounds like a direct competitor to Apple, right? Yes, they are. Microsoft’s operating system is actually installed on more than 80% of the world’s personal computers. That’s 80% in the world! So, what is Microsoft’s operating system? Yes, the popular one, called “Windows” and this is the familiar logo you see everywhere. So, if you buy a computer with Microsoft’s operating system, the latest Microsoft OS as of this presentation is called Windows 8 and now on its version 1, so simply 8.1. Just like Apple’s operating system that changes every few years, Microsoft’s Windows also releases new Operating system every few years. Prior to Windows 8.1, is Windows 7 and prior Windows 7 is Windows Vista and so forth. Here’s a history of all the operating system by Microsoft so far.
So now that you know what an operating system is and what Mac and Windows are, you are ready to move on to the next video about operating systems on personal computers, on servers and handheld devices.