What Are The Lagrange Points? Finding Stable Points in Space @frasercain

Fraser Cain There are places in the Solar System where the forces of gravity balance out perfectly. Places we can use to position satellites, space telescopes and even colonies to establish our exploration of the Solar System. These are the Lagrange Points.

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain
Jason Harmer - @jasoncharmer
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Created by: Fraser Cain and Jason Harmer
Edited by: Chad Weber
Music: Left Spine Down - “X-Ray”
youtube.com/watch?v=4tcoZNrSveE

Being stuck here on Earth, at the bottom of this enormous gravity well really sucks. The amount of energy it takes to escape into the black would make even Captain Reynolds curse up a gorram storm.

But gravity has a funny way of evening the score, giving and taking in equal measure.

There are special places in the Universe, where the forces of gravity nicely balance out. Places that a clever and ambitious Solar System spanning civilization could use to get a toehold on the exploration of the Universe.

These are known as the Lagrange Points, or Lagrangian Points, or libration points, or just L-Points. They’re named after the French mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange, who wrote an “Essay on the Three Body Problem” in 1772. He was actually extending the mathematics of Leonhard Euler.

Euler discovered the first three Lagrangian Points, even though they’re not named after him, and then Lagrange turned up the next two.

But what are they?

When you consider the gravitational interaction between two massive objects, like the Earth and the Sun, or the Earth and the Moon, or the Death Star and Alderaan. Actually, strike that last example…

As I was saying, when you’ve got two massive objects, their gravitational forces balance out perfectly in 5 places. In each of these 5 places you could position a relatively low mass satellite, and maintain its position with very little effort.

For example, you could park a space telescope or an orbital colony, and you’d need very little, or even zero energy to maintain its position.

The most famous and obvious of these is L1. This is the point that’s balanced between the gravitational pull of the two objects. For example, you could position a satellite a little above the surface of the Moon. The Earth’s gravity is pulling it towards the Moon, but the Moon’s gravity is counteracting the pull of the Earth, and the satellite doesn’t need to use much fuel to maintain position.

There’s an L1 point between the Earth and the Moon, and a different spot between the Earth and the Sun, and a different spot between the Sun and Jupiter, etc. There are L1 points everywhere.

L2 is located on the same line as the mass but on the far side. So, you’d get Sun, Earth, L2 point. At this point, you’re probably wondering why the combined gravity of the two massive objects doesn’t just pull that poor satellite down to Earth.

It’s important to think about orbital trajectories. The Sun is here and the the Earth is orbiting around it. The satellite at that L2 point will be in a higher orbit and would be expected to fall behind the Earth, as it’s moving more slowly around the Sun. But the gravitational pull of the Earth pulls it forward, helping to keep it in this stable position.

You’ll want to play a lot of Kerbal Space Program to really wrap your head around it. Sadly, your No Man’s Sky time isn’t helping you at all, except to teach you that hyperdrives are notoriously finicky and you’ll never have enough inventory space.

L3 is located on the direct opposite side of the system. Again, the forces of gravity between the two masses balance out so that the third object maintains the same orbital velocity. For example, a satellite in the L3 point would always remain exactly hidden by the Sun.

Hold on, hold on, I know there are a million thoughts going through your brain right now, but bear with me.

There are two more points, the L4 and L5 points. These are located ahead and behind the lower mass object in orbit. You form an equilateral triangle between the two masses, and the third point of the triangle is the L4 point, flip the triangle upside down and there’s L5.

Now, it’s important to note that the first 3 Lagrange points are gravitationally unstable. Any satellite positioned there will eventually drift away from stability. So they need some kind of thrusters to maintain this position.

updated 8 years ago

What Are The Lagrange Points? Finding Stable Points in Space

Fraser Cain 2016-08-27 | There are places in the Solar System where the forces of gravity balance out perfectly. Places we can use to position satellites, space telescopes and even colonies to establish our exploration of the Solar System. These are the Lagrange Points.

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Team: Fraser Cain - @fcain
Jason Harmer - @jasoncharmer
Chad Weber - weber.chad@gmail.com

Created by: Fraser Cain and Jason Harmer
Edited by: Chad Weber
Music: Left Spine Down - “X-Ray”
youtube.com/watch?v=4tcoZNrSveE

Being stuck here on Earth, at the bottom of this enormous gravity well really sucks. The amount of energy it takes to escape into the black would make even Captain Reynolds curse up a gorram storm.

But gravity has a funny way of evening the score, giving and taking in equal measure.

There are special places in the Universe, where the forces of gravity nicely balance out. Places that a clever and ambitious Solar System spanning civilization could use to get a toehold on the exploration of the Universe.

These are known as the Lagrange Points, or Lagrangian Points, or libration points, or just L-Points. They’re named after the French mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange, who wrote an “Essay on the Three Body Problem” in 1772. He was actually extending the mathematics of Leonhard Euler.

Euler discovered the first three Lagrangian Points, even though they’re not named after him, and then Lagrange turned up the next two.

But what are they?

When you consider the gravitational interaction between two massive objects, like the Earth and the Sun, or the Earth and the Moon, or the Death Star and Alderaan. Actually, strike that last example…

As I was saying, when you’ve got two massive objects, their gravitational forces balance out perfectly in 5 places. In each of these 5 places you could position a relatively low mass satellite, and maintain its position with very little effort.

For example, you could park a space telescope or an orbital colony, and you’d need very little, or even zero energy to maintain its position.

The most famous and obvious of these is L1. This is the point that’s balanced between the gravitational pull of the two objects. For example, you could position a satellite a little above the surface of the Moon. The Earth’s gravity is pulling it towards the Moon, but the Moon’s gravity is counteracting the pull of the Earth, and the satellite doesn’t need to use much fuel to maintain position.

There’s an L1 point between the Earth and the Moon, and a different spot between the Earth and the Sun, and a different spot between the Sun and Jupiter, etc. There are L1 points everywhere.

L2 is located on the same line as the mass but on the far side. So, you’d get Sun, Earth, L2 point. At this point, you’re probably wondering why the combined gravity of the two massive objects doesn’t just pull that poor satellite down to Earth.

It’s important to think about orbital trajectories. The Sun is here and the the Earth is orbiting around it. The satellite at that L2 point will be in a higher orbit and would be expected to fall behind the Earth, as it’s moving more slowly around the Sun. But the gravitational pull of the Earth pulls it forward, helping to keep it in this stable position.

You’ll want to play a lot of Kerbal Space Program to really wrap your head around it. Sadly, your No Man’s Sky time isn’t helping you at all, except to teach you that hyperdrives are notoriously finicky and you’ll never have enough inventory space.

L3 is located on the direct opposite side of the system. Again, the forces of gravity between the two masses balance out so that the third object maintains the same orbital velocity. For example, a satellite in the L3 point would always remain exactly hidden by the Sun.

Hold on, hold on, I know there are a million thoughts going through your brain right now, but bear with me.

There are two more points, the L4 and L5 points. These are located ahead and behind the lower mass object in orbit. You form an equilateral triangle between the two masses, and the third point of the triangle is the L4 point, flip the triangle upside down and there’s L5.

Now, it’s important to note that the first 3 Lagrange points are gravitationally unstable. Any satellite positioned there will eventually drift away from stability. So they need some kind of thrusters to maintain this position.

Artemis 2 Crew // Ultra-Massive Black Hole // Starship Launch Date

Fraser Cain 2023-04-07 | Meet the crew of Artemis 2, we might have the perfect date for a Mars mission, and astronomers discover an ultramassive black hole.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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00:00 Intro
00:14 Meet the Crew of Artemis-2
universetoday.com/160806/meet-astronauts-fly-around-moon-artemis-ii
02:14 A Perfect Year to Go To Mars
universetoday.com/160753/2033-is-the-perfect-year-to-send-humans-to-mars-with-a-bonus-venus-flyby
05:37 An Ultra-Massive Black Hole
universetoday.com/160755/astronomers-think-theyve-found-one-of-the-biggest-black-holes-ever-seen
07:10 James Webb Sees Uranus
universetoday.com/160858/the-rings-of-uranus-shine-bright-in-stunning-new-jwst-image
08:39 Clouds on Mars
universetoday.com/160825/perseverance-sees-drifting-clouds-on-mars
09:38 Starship OFT is almost here
universetoday.com/160846/will-the-starship-be-ready-for-an-april-launch
11:05 China Tests a Stirling Engine in Orbit
universetoday.com/160816/china-tests-a-stirling-engine-in-orbit
13:23 Water-Based Propulsion
universetoday.com/160781/pale-blue-successfully-operates-its-water-based-propulsion-system-in-orbit
14:21 Support us on Patreon
15:13 Virgin Orbit Files for Bankruptcy
16:48 How a Solar Storm Killed Starlinks
universetoday.com/160761/now-we-know-how-a-solar-storm-took-out-a-fleet-of-starlinks
18:17 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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NASA Develops Flying Saucers. Literally [NIAC 2023]

Fraser Cain 2023-04-06 | There's an effect called photophoretic propulsion. You could have seen it in a Crookes radiometer. One of the NIAC awards of 2023 was granted to a team that hopes to use this effect to develop a propulsion system. This can allow flying in altitudes nothing else can fly and possibly even explore other worlds.

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👉 More about the NIAC grant:
nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/2023/Photophoretic_Propulsion_Enabling_Mesosphere_Exploration

https://bargatin.seas.upenn.edu/

00:00 Intro
01:19 Levitation in science
05:47 Coming up with a design
11:33 Testing the design
15:34 Potential applications
23:10 Challenges
28:03 Other worlds
33:18 Outro

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Planet Size Limit, Solar Gravitational Lens, Chinas Telescopes | Q&A 218

Fraser Cain 2023-04-05 | How complex must a telescope be to use the solar gravitational lens? How would we approach mining asteroids? How to detect magnetic fields outside the solar system? What is the size limit for a planet? All this and more in this week's Q&A.

Interview about the Solar Gravitational Lens
youtube.com/live/lqzJewjZUkk

00:00 Start
00:52 [Tatooine] What is the size limit for a planet?
03:51 [Coruscant] How complex must a telescope be to use the solar gravitational lens?
08:19 [Hoth] How would we approach mining asteroids?
10:42 [Naboo] How to detect magnetic fields outside the solar system?
13:49 [Kamino] Which telescopes did China fund?
15:56 [Bespin] Will we discover what's outside of our Universe?
19:06 [Mustafar] Oumuamua: artificial or natural?
21:39 [Alderaan] Planets caught in binary stars' Lagrange points?
26:12 [Dagobah] What's my take on artificial versus organic intelligence?
28:31 [Yavin] What is my preferred answer to the Fermi Paradox?

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Open Space April 10th 2023: Live QA with Fraser

Fraser Cain 2023-04-04 | Join Fraser for a live questions and answer session about all things space and astronomy

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How UAE Develops Its Space Exploration Program

Fraser Cain 2023-04-03 | The United Arab Emirates is making good progress in space exploration. Their Hope mission has been orbiting Mars since 2021. Their Rashid rover is on its way to the Moon. They are also planning a mission to the Asteroid belt.

In this interview, I'm discussing UAE's current progress as well as future missions with Mohsen Al Alwahdi, the Director of the Space Missions Department at UAE Space Agency.

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00:00 Intro
00:50 UAE's Hope mission at Mars
03:22 Science goals and results
07:14 Current state of the spacecraft
10:17 Tech for future missions
14:02 Rashid Moon rover
15:11 Next missions
18:55 Outro

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JWST Reveals Trappist-1 Data // Earth-Sized Rogue Planet // Vulcan Delay

Fraser Cain 2023-03-31 | We finally got JWST data about TRAPPIST-1. An Earth-sized rogue planet was found. More information about China’s plans for the Moon.

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patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Intro
00:13 JWST reveals Trappist-1 data
universetoday.com/160716/finally-jwsts-data-on-the-first-trappist-1-planet-survey-says-it-sucks
02:02 Kazakhstan Seizes Russia’s Facility at Baikonur
universetoday.com/160720/kazakhstan-seizes-russias-launch-facility-at-baikonur
03:53 Rogue Planets Found in Older Data
universetoday.com/160695/a-rogue-earth-and-neptune-might-have-been-found-in-older-data
05:55 China’s Moon Plans
universetoday.com/160719/china-hints-at-its-goals-for-a-lunar-base
07:50 Water in lunar Regolith
universetoday.com/160723/china-beads-glass-moon-water
09:46 3D Printing batteries on the Moon
universetoday.com/160703/dont-take-batteries-to-the-moon-or-mars-3d-print-them-when-you-get-there
11:54 Support us on Patreon
12:55 Europe's rotation
universetoday.com/160740/europas-ice-rotates-at-a-different-speed-from-its-interior-now-we-may-know-why
14:54 Delays for Starliner and Vulcan
17:30 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
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Fusion Reactor To Melt Through Europas Ice [NIAC 2023]

Fraser Cain 2023-03-30 | In this interview, I'm talking with Theresa Benyo and Lawrence Forsley from NASA. They are authors of a Lattice Confinement Fusion Reactor that got a NIAC award this year. A reactor like this could help us melt through the ice on Europa and Enceladus and have other interesting applications in space missions.

The extended version also includes additional questions from Matt Williams:
youtu.be/decKMi2FBxk

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👉 More about the NIAC project; nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/2023/Accessing_Icy_World_Oceans

00:00 Intro
02:30 How tough is Europa's ice
04:31 Lattice confinement fusion
14:43 How the probe will look like
22:54 What's next for the NIAC project
25:57 Other applications for the reactor
31:55 Where's the upper limit for the project
37:15 Going interstellar
41:10 Behind the scenes and additional questions

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Chat GPT for Astronomy, Microscopes on Mars, Use Cases for Starship | Q&A 217

Fraser Cain 2023-03-28 | Why don't we send microscopes on space probes to search for life? How do black holes even form? Can Chat GPT or similar systems help Astronomy? How will we use Starship when it starts to fly?

00:00 Start
01:04 [Tatooine] How can black holes even exist?
04:43 [Coruscant] How to dock to a spinning space station?
08:12 [Hoth] Why not send microscopes on space probes?
11:18 [Naboo] Where's the green screen?
13:25 [Kamino] Why didn't Mars get a Moon like the Earth?
17:04 [Bespin] How hard is it to get interviews or talk with NASA?
21:32 [Mustafar] Can Chat GPT help Astronomy?
25:24 [Alderaan] Why don't we go under to the icy moons' subsurface oceans?
28:39 [Dagobah] What will drive public interest in space in the coming years?
31:43 [Yavin] How will we use Starship?
34:46 [Mandalore] How to travel faster than light?

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Searching for Habitable Planets at Alpha Centauri with the TOLIMAN Mission

Fraser Cain 2023-03-27 | We know about thousands of exoplanets by now. But it's still a mystery, whether there are planets in the Alpha Centauri binary system, which is just next door to us. My guest today, Professor Peter Tuthill, is the Mission Leader for the TOLIMAN Telescope mission, which is designed to find those answers.

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00:00 Intro
01:29 Are there planets at Alpha Centauri
08:22 How can we know they are there
11:20 TOLIMAN Telescope
30:04 JWST experiments
37:34 Next big telescopes for planet hunting
48:38 Discovering many more exoplanets
51:50 Next generation of instruments
59:05 Outro

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iSpace At The Moon // 3D-Printer Rocket // Life Near Rogue Planets

Fraser Cain 2023-03-24 | iSpace reaches the Moon. Relativity Space’s 3D printed rocket fails to reach orbit, a mission will search for habitable worlds at Alpha Centauri.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

☄️ EARLY ACCESS: Searching for Habitable Planets at Alpha Centauri with the TOLIMAN Mission
patreon.com/posts/searching-for-at-80498508

👉 NIAC 2023 Interviews:
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmmM_Ft5DzAbrwzXHB8ED0rf

👉 More interviews:
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmnK1xmCRad_8bn0uOcmLiIE

00:00 Intro
00:14 iSpace at Moon Orbit. Landing Comes Next
ispace-inc.com/news-en/?p=4460
02:27 Relativity Space Terran-1 Launch
05:18 More Science from DART
universetoday.com/160683/another-look-at-the-aftermath-of-darts-impact-into-dimorphos
07:02 Looking For Habitable Planets in Alpha Centauri
universetoday.com/160625/a-new-mission-will-search-for-habitable-planets-at-alpha-centauri
09:36 1,179 Previously Unknown Star Clusters
arxiv.org/abs/2303.10380
11:21 Interviews
12:27 Moons Orbiting Rogue Planets Could be Habitable
https://www.mpe.mpg.de/7938315/news20230320
15:42 Mars Sunset by Ingenuity
universetoday.com/160621/nasas-ingenuity-helicopter-sees-a-beautiful-sunset-on-mars
17:08 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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Revolutionary 100-Kilometer Space Telescope [NIAC 2023]

Fraser Cain 2023-03-23 | There are radio wavelengths that we can't see from Earth. And to observe them from space, we need a truly huge telescope. Mary Knapp and her team proposed a project that can allow us to build such a telescope and they just recently got a NIAC grant for it.

👉 More about the NIAC award:
nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/niac/2023/Great_Observatory_for_Long_Wavelengths

🦄 Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Intro
01:20 Haystack Observatory
02:48 NIAC proposal for 100-km telescope
14:23 What Science Can the Telescope Do
30:36 New Approach to Space Telescopes
39:21 What's Next
41:55 Outro

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Building Bricks on the Moon from Potatoes

Fraser Cain 2023-03-22 | Scientists came up with a method to produce concrete on the Moon and Mars using potato starch. In this interview, I'm talking with Dr Aled Roberts, who is the Principle Investigator of this research.

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00:00 Intro
01:06 Building materials from biomaterials
07:06 Challenges of building on the Moon and Mars
10:20 From human blood to potato starch
19:02 How to implement the tech
26:46 DNA manipulation
32:36 Alternative applications
38:00 Outro

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Space Railgun, JWSTs Plans, Claiming The Moon | Q&A 216

Fraser Cain 2023-03-21 | Can we build star-tram-like launch facilities in space? What will JWST see next? Can red or brown dwarfs be the source of dark matter? Should SpaceX just be the only launch service for the USA so they can save money?

00:00 Start
01:51 [Tatooine] Can we build star-tram-like launch facilities in space?
09:34 [Coruscant] Can red or brown dwarfs be the source of dark matter?
13:09 [Hoth] Can we see an Earth-sized planet orbiting a Sun-like star?
19:12 [Naboo] How to know JWST's plans?
21:37 [Kamino] How much more energy does it take to launch something in Nova Scotia versus the equator?
24:08 [Bespin] Will China own the Moon?
29:45 [Mustafar] Should SpaceX just be the only launch service for the USA?
31:39 [Alderaan] What would you ask to an alien if you meet one as a science reporter?
33:34 [Dagobah] Could a balloon on Venus use the temperature differences in the atmosphere for power?

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JWST Found Six Impossible Galaxies. Heres What The Researchers Have To Say

Fraser Cain 2023-03-20 | James Webb recently found six examples of galaxies that are too big too early. This discovery can significantly change our understanding of the early Universe. In this interview, I'm talking with Dr Joel Leja, who is a part of the team behind the research.

👉 More about the discovery:
universetoday.com/160243/six-galaxies-that-are-too-big-too-early

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00:00 Intro
01:35 What it's like using JWST
02:40 Universe-Breaking Galaxies
07:02 If true, how does it change Cosmology
13:52 How the research can be wrong
18:18 Community response
22:00 "Rewriting" Astronomy
27:09 Outro

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Venus Breakthrough // $1B to Deorbit ISS // Strange Moon Spacesuit Reveal

Fraser Cain 2023-03-17 | Venus has active volcanoes, we get a glimpse of NASA’s new lunar exploration suits, and scientists build a completely flat telescope lens.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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👉 Venus Interview with Dr Tibor Kremic
youtu.be/iVtquFgZ2pQ
👉 Asteroid Habitats Interview with Dr Adam Frank
youtu.be/Z-hH3-z56cg
👉 Red Dwarfs Interview with Mariano Battistuzzi
youtu.be/p8X_qrtxPm8

❓ Q&A Show
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmm6b_fexWT6vSK9J_c4zgep

00:00 Intro
00:13 Active Volcano Found On Venus
universetoday.com/160579/potentially-active-volcanoes-have-been-found-on-venus
02:56 Vulcan Is No More
universetoday.com/160545/sci-fi-christmas-is-ruined-planet-vulcan-doesnt-exist
04:09 $1B to Deorbit the ISS
nasa.gov/news/budget/index.html
06:40 New Axiom spacesuits for the Moon
universetoday.com/160553/nasa-and-axiom-space-do-a-partial-reveal-of-the-spacesuit-that-will-be-worn-on-the-moon
09:39 Malapert Massif
universetoday.com/160645/heres-where-artemis-iii-might-land-it-looks-inviting
10:38 What time is it on the Moon
universetoday.com/160453/what-time-is-it-on-the-moon-it-may-get-its-own-timezone
12:03 Amazon Project Kuiper terminals revealed
aboutamazon.com/news/innovation-at-amazon/heres-your-first-look-at-project-kuipers-low-cost-customer-terminals
13:28 DART. Spinning asteroids throw rocks into space
universetoday.com/160574/didymos-is-spinning-so-quickly-that-rocks-are-detaching-at-its-equator-and-going-into-orbit
14:49 More science results from New Horizons
universetoday.com/160547/new-horizons-pluto-team-updates-science
16:01 Q&A Show
16:55 Flat Lens Telescope
universetoday.com/160510/researchers-build-a-telescope-with-a-flat-lens
18:16 Violent Red Dwarfs
universetoday.com/160508/even-the-calmest-red-dwarfs-are-wilder-than-the-sun
19:48 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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Infrared Earth-like Planet Hunter Telescope [NIAC 2023]

Fraser Cain 2023-03-16 | In this interview, I'm talking with Heidi Newberg. Her team won a NIAC grant that will investigate building a telescope that will be hunting for Earth-like worlds. The project is called DICER, which stands for Diffractive Interfero Coronagraph Exoplanet Resolver.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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🌌 Milky Way @ home:
https://milkyway.cs.rpi.edu/milkyway/

👉 More about the NIAC project:
universetoday.com/160089/if-an-earthlike-planet-is-within-30-light-years-this-space-telescope-will-find-it

00:00 Intro
01:22 How hard it is to observe the Milky Way
05:28 Mindset shift in Astronomy
07:56 NIAC idea: Telescope Design
16:00 Fancy Physics
22:50 Targets for the telescope
39:10 Next steps
42:38 Milky Way @ home
47:35 Outro

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Milky Way from ISS, Jupiter Catching Fire, Best Sci-Fi Novel | Q&A 215

Fraser Cain 2023-03-14 | How does Venus hold its atmosphere without a magnetosphere? Is the Sun moving to the Milky Way's centre? What happens when the space elevator cable snaps? Can we solve the Hubble Tension? All this and more in this week's Q&A!

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Start
00:47 [Tatooine] How does Venus hold its atmosphere without a magnetosphere?
03:58 [Coruscant] Which is the best target for the Solar Gravitational Lens telescope?
06:40 [Hoth] Why aren't there more launch complexes near the equator?
10:00 [Naboo] Should you use 'microgravity' instead of 'zero gravity'?
11:37 [Kamino] How does the Milky Way look from the ISS?
13:03 [Bespin] Why doesn't Jupiter catch fire if it's flammable gas?
15:28 [Mustafar] Will I ever go to space?
18:33 [Alderaan] Is the Sun moving to the Milky Way's centre?
20:55 [Dagobah] What happens when the space elevator cable snaps?
22:58 [Yavin] How does time dilation change interstellar flights?
25:18 [Mandalore] Why don't we make space probes more definitive?
29:43 [Geonosis] What is my favourite recent Sci-Fi novel?
31:30 [Corellia] Have I ever seen a UFO?
32:23 [Crait] Can we solve the Hubble Tension?
34:39 [Endor] How weight changes on top of Mount Everest?

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Habitable Planets Near Red Dwarfs

Fraser Cain 2023-03-14 | Can there be habitable planets orbiting around red dwarfs? My guest, Mariano Battistuzzi, performed experiments to check it! So, can life survive in the conditions created by red dwarf stars? Let's find out in this interview.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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00:00 Intro
00:55 How bad are red dwarfs for life
04:20 Experiments to test habitability
13:10 Potential ecosystems near red dwarfs
18:57 Biosignatures to look for
21:20 Other extreme places
24:10 What's next

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China’s Giant Rocket // Dark Big Bang // Next Bright Comet

Fraser Cain 2023-03-11 | The official verdict on Artemis 1. Canadian kids discovered something NASA didn’t know. Was there a Dark Big Bang? The next bright comet for 2024.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Intro
00:11 SLS Good For Humans. Artemis 2 in 2024
nasa.gov/feature/analysis-confirms-successful-artemis-i-moon-mission-reviews-continue
02:23 Canadian Kids Discover Things About Space NASA Didn’t Know
03:58 Dark Big Bang
universetoday.com/160285/the-universe-may-have-started-with-a-dark-big-bang
07:05 China’s Huge 10-meter Fuel Tank
universetoday.com/160448/look-out-starship-china-is-building-a-massive-reusable-rocket
08:45 Japan’s H3 Failure
09:59 Space Balloons
universetoday.com/160415/want-to-soar-to-the-stratosphere-japan-joins-the-balloon-tourism-race
11:03 Mysterious Blob
universetoday.com/160318/a-mysterious-blob-near-the-milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole-might-finally-have-an-explanation
12:20 Support us on Patreon
13:14 Hubble Drops Below Starlink
universetoday.com/160405/hubbles-orbit-has-dropped-so-far-that-starlink-satellites-are-photobombing-its-images
15:01 Hubble VS Roman
universetoday.com/160387/it-would-take-hubble-85-years-to-match-what-nancy-grace-roman-will-see-in-63-days
16:43 Juno’s Flyby of Io
universetoday.com/160400/just-dropped-new-close-up-images-of-io-from-juno-with-more-to-come
17:44 A Bright Comet for 2024
universetoday.com/160385/2023-a3-tsuchinshan-atlas-a-bright-comet-for-the-end-of-2024
19:08 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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Growing Mars Habitats with Bioreactors [NIAC 2023]

Fraser Cain 2023-03-09 | Making habitats from available materials will be a big part of Mars missions. One of the 2023 NIAC awards explored the possibility of growing structures on Mars with the help of fungi and bacteria. We're discussing this project with Dr Congrui Jin.

👉 More about the NIAC award:
universetoday.com/159635/instead-of-building-structures-on-mars-we-could-grow-them-with-the-help-of-bacteria

🦄 Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Intro
01:21 Growing Structures on Mars
08:37 Self-healing materials
10:40 Using this tech on Earth
12:36 Next steps
17:44 When can we expect it
22:02 Outro

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Developing Tech That Can Last On Venus

Fraser Cain 2023-03-08 | How long can a modern spacecraft last on Venus? How to develop electronics, batteries and other things that can survive these harsh conditions? What could the lifespan of such a mission be? We discuss all that with Dr Tibor Kremic from NASA Glenn Research Center.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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00:00 Intro
01:17 How bad Venus really is
03:27 What it takes to last on Venus
06:40 Chips that can survive on Venus
13:59 Batteries for Venus
18:45 Time-based measurements of Venus
23:03 Moving on the surface of Venus
26:32 Clockwork rovers
30:30 High-temperature solar cells
33:00 Advantages of Venus
42:29 Outro

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Surviving Suns Red Giant Phase, True Color of Sunspots, Identifying Interstellar Objects | Q&A 214

Fraser Cain 2023-03-08 | How many stars did our radio signals reach? How to visualize the expansion of the Universe? Can we save the Earth from the Sun's red giant phase? How can we tell that an object has interstellar origin? All this and more in this week's Q&A!

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Start
01:02 [Tatooine] If the Sun is white, are sunspots really black?
05:19 [Coruscant] How many stars did our radio signals reach?
08:51 [Hoth] How do gravitational assists work?
11:43 [Naboo] How to visualize the expansion of the Universe?
13:35 [Kamino] How will the Mars sample return mission find all the dropped tubes?
16:27 [Bespin] Can Earth survive the Red Giant phase of the Sun?
20:16 [Mustafar] What effect will a supernova have on nearby stars?
21:51 [Alderaan] Should the US continue to explore space?
24:16 [Dagobah] Can we time travel with a wormhole?
26:59 [Yavin] What killed the Chinese Mars rover?
29:32 [Mandalore] How does light pollution work?
33:04 [Geonosis] How can we tell that an object is interstellar?

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A Realistic Way to Intercept An Interstellar Visitor

Fraser Cain 2023-03-07 | How do you plan a trip through the Solar System? What are the orbital mechanics tools that can be used for that? How can all that be used to intercept an interstellar visitor like Oumuamua?

My guest today is Damon Landau from JPL, NASA

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

00:00:00 Intro
00:01:15 Orbital mechanics
00:08:50 Planning missions to outer planets
00:11:15 Special orbits
00:14:40 Gravitational assists
00:20:45 Going to the Sun
00:24:40 Lowest energy highways
00:27:44 Going to asteroids
00:34:10 Intercepting interstellar objects
00:41:07 Propulsion systems
00:52:40 What would a realistic mission look like
01:00:30 Interstellar sample return
01:03:14 Galactic orbits
01:07:37 Outro

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Moons Dirty Problem // JWSTs Gravitational Lens // Starlink V2 Mini

Fraser Cain 2023-03-03 | Hubble shows us exactly what happened after DART’s impact, a new way to clean off lunar regolith, seeing the same supernova at three different times in a gravitational lens, and a new version of Starlink launches.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Intro
00:15 Hubble's View of DART
universetoday.com/160346/remember-the-dart-impact-hubble-made-a-movie-of-the-debris
01:54 Fixing Moon's Dust Problem
https://news.wsu.edu/press-release/2023/02/28/liquid-nitrogen-spray-could-clean-up-stubborn-moon-dust/
04:39 Astronomers Saw an Exoplanet Exactly Where Expected
universetoday.com/160247/astronomers-suspected-there-should-be-a-planet-here-and-then-they-took-a-picture-of-it
06:23 JWST and the Epoch of Reionization
universetoday.com/160288/the-james-webb-is-getting-closer-to-finding-what-ionized-the-universe
08:34 Webb's Triple Gravitational Lens
universetoday.com/160353/jwst-sees-the-same-supernova-three-times-in-an-epic-gravitational-lens
09:58 The Planet That Shouldn’t Exist
universetoday.com/160278/the-planet-that-shouldnt-exist
11:44 NIAC Month on the Channel
12:44 Starlink V2 Mini
13:55 Crew-6 Launch
14:55 Replacement Soyuz Reaches ISS
universetoday.com/160292/a-replacement-soyuz-arrives-safely-at-the-international-space-station
16:23 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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How Inflatable Space Habitats Will Change Space Exploration

Fraser Cain 2023-03-02 | In this interview, I'm talking with Shawn Buckley who is the Senior Director of Engineering at Sierra Space. We talk about the development of their LIFE module, discuss how inflatable habitats can change space exploration and what part they play in humanity's space future.

youtube.com/@UCRLfhb0ZRhIYVzL-tjgEATw
twitter.com/SierraSpaceCo
instagram.com/sierraspaceco

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00:00 Intro
01:32 Burst tests
02:50 What is the LIFE Module
08:00 Working with NASA
09:11 Risks of inflatable habitats
15:33 Inside the module
18:39 Deployment in space
25:14 Project timeframe
27:20 Future applications
39:29 Humanity in space
41:06 Outro

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Starship Price Revolution, Space VS Mass Media, Galaxy Collisions | Q&A 213

Fraser Cain 2023-02-28 | Could black holes collapse directly in the early Universe? How do two galaxies become one after they collide? How would you communicate time units to aliens? How much will Starship change the prices of space launches? All this and more in this week's Q&A!

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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00:00 Start
00:50 [Tatooine] How do direct collapse black holes work?
06:20 [Coruscant] How can two galaxies form one?
08:34 [Hoth] How to communicate time units to aliens?
11:07 [Naboo] What Astronomy research areas don't get to the news?
16:15 [Kamino] How do I come up with questions for interviews?
21:42 [Bespin] How can we claim exoplanets non-habitable?
25:19 [Mustafar] Does humanity have a chance at all?
27:56 [Alderaan] How much cheaper will space travel be after Starship?
31:35 [Dagobah] Why do science communicators not emphasize the impossibility of faster-than-light travel?
35:34 [Yavin] Best places for stargazing?
37:32 [Mandalore] How do we know black holes are spinning?

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Why Is SLS Orange?

Fraser Cain 2023-02-27 | ...

The Future of Venus Exploration

Fraser Cain 2023-02-27 | Dr Michael Way explains how we can explore Venus, study its atmosphere and understand what hides underneath. It's also a crucial part of astrobiology and studying exoplanets.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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👉 Dr Michael Way on Google Scholar:
scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=Hag4ZAIAAAAJ

00:00 Intro
01:32 Venus. Earth gone wrong
04:20 Exploring Venus with future missions
23:23 Surviving on Venus for longer
28:22 Pushing the limits with Venus
34:20 Venus as an exoplanet
37:25 Outro

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Universe-Breaking Galaxies // Source of Dark Energy // Mars Anniversary

Fraser Cain 2023-02-24 | Perseverance has been on Mars for two years. Are black holes the source of dark energy? Universe-breaking galaxies found. And an early warning system for asteroids.

⚫ Breakthrough In Dark Energy? Here's What The Researchers Have To Say:
youtu.be/-8CIUzPkigQ

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Intro
00:15 Mars Anniversary
universetoday.com/160201/follow-perseverance-on-its-mars-journey-with-this-two-year-timelapse
03:42 Too Big Too Early
universetoday.com/160243/six-galaxies-that-are-too-big-too-early
05:51Source of Dark Energy
universetoday.com/160139/are-black-holes-the-source-of-dark-energy
08:20 Moon’s permanently shadowed craters
universetoday.com/160038/new-spacecraft-can-see-into-the-permanently-shadowed-craters-on-the-moon
09:50 Lunar Flashlight problems
10:40 Support Us on Patreon
11:34 Europe’s Early Warning System for Asteroids
universetoday.com/160181/esa-is-building-an-early-warning-system-for-dangerous-asteroids
13:20 500-meter long asteroid
universetoday.com/160212/a-500-meter-long-asteroid-flew-past-earth-and-astronomers-were-watching
15:08 Mercury Transit from Solar Orbiter
https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Solar_Orbiter/Mercury_s_black_disc_helps_sharpen_Solar_Orbiter_s_view
15:56 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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Rogue Gas Giant, Fish In Space, Detecting Primordial Black Holes | Q&A 212

Fraser Cain 2023-02-22 | What effect would a rogue gas giant have if it flew through the Solar System? Can fish survive in microgravity and go to space? Do hypervelocity stars leave a wake we could detect? How much do we actually know about Proxima Centauri? All this and more in the week's Q&A!

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00:00 Start
01:08 [Tatooine] Can life exist on an Earth-sized moon of a gas giant?
06:42 [Coruscant] Do hypervelocity stars leave a wake we could detect?
10:50 [Hoth] What's the thickness of the event horizon of a black hole?
13:16 [Naboo] What is the speed of gravity?
18:34 [Kamino] What would be the consequences of a rouge Jupiter?
21:44 [Bespin] Can fish go to space?
23:34 [Mustafar] What are the temperatures of black holes?
25:53 [Alderaan] How much do we actually know about Proxima Centauri?
27:29 [Dagobah] Can rogue planets have an atmosphere?
31:44 [Yavin] How to track possible primordial black holes?
35:44 [Mandalore] Does red/blue shift include all frequencies?

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Breakthrough In Dark Energy? Heres What The Researchers Have To Say

Fraser Cain 2023-02-21 | A recent research paper suggests that supermassive black holes can be the source of dark energy. It's a big potential breakthrough in Astronomy. So, here's what the co-author of the study, Dr Chris Pearson from STFC RAL Space, has to say about it.

👉 More about the research:
universetoday.com/160139/are-black-holes-the-source-of-dark-energy

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00:00 Intro
01:36 How did the paper come together
03:36 Connection between Dark Energy and Black Holes
06:48 Observations behind the research
14:37 Causation or just correlation?
21:20 Redefining what black holes are
25:27 Dark Energy core of a black hole
27:53 Nature of dark energy
35:35 Will Dark Energy tear the Universe apart?
38:30 What's next
40:11 Outro

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Meteor Explodes Over English Channel // Moon Breakthrough // Dark Matter Galaxy

Fraser Cain 2023-02-17 | Blue Origin wants to build solar panels on the Moon, out of the Moon, SpaceX sold its floating landing pads, and another asteroid hits Earth exactly where and when astronomers predicted.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

🔴 Mars Mission Interview with Rick Davis: youtu.be/tujL0xrQ2Os

🟡 JWST Interview with Lee Feinberg: youtu.be/eXchT7mtEao

🔵 Interstellar Travel Interview with Andrew Higgins: youtu.be/SkGRVvA23qI

🟣 Interview Playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmnK1xmCRad_8bn0uOcmLiIE

00:00 Intro
00:15 Blue Origin's Blue Alchemist
blueorigin.com/news/blue-alchemist-powers-our-lunar-future
02:01 SpaceX Sold Phobos and Deimos
03:36 Asteroid Hits Over English Channel
universetoday.com/160098/another-meteoroid-discovered-right-before-it-hits-the-atmosphere
05:58 A Galaxy Almost Entirely Made Of Dark Matter
universetoday.com/160105/a-galaxy-has-been-found-thats-almost-entirely-dark-matter
08:28 Russia Causes Yet Another Problem in Orbit
universetoday.com/160126/another-russian-spacecraft-is-leaking-coolant
10:12 Interviews
12:26 Rogue Supermassive Black Hole
universetoday.com/160072/astronomers-spot-a-rogue-supermassive-black-hole-hurtling-through-space-leaving-star-formation-in-its-wake
14:27 Mass Migration of Stars in Andromeda
universetoday.com/159995/astronomers-uncover-mass-migration-of-stars-into-andromeda
15:58 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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Combining All Telescopes On Earth, Cooling Down Venus, Replacing ISS Modules | Q&A 211

Fraser Cain 2023-02-15 | Why don't we just combine all telescopes into a single one that will have a crazy resolution? Can we simply replace old ISS modules with new ones? How long will it take to cool down Venus? How much mass can the Earth afford to lose? Why blue shift exists if the Universe is expanding? All this and more in this week's Q&A

00:00 Start
01:04 [Tatooine] How much mass can the Earth lose?
04:23 [Coruscant] Can a Dyson sphere be stable?
08:36 [Hoth] How long till we cool Venus down?
14:34 [Naboo] How many atoms are there in the Universe?
15:46 [Kamino] Can you combine all Earth telescopes into one?
22:47 [Bespin] Will we ever see self-replicating probes?
25:51 [Mustafar] Wen LUVOIR?
28:22 [Alderaan] Can we save Hubble?
30:09 [Dagobah] Why blue shift exists if the Universe is expanding?
32:16 [Yavin] Why not just replace old modules of the ISS?

Terraformed Venus image in the thumbnail, Credit: Ittiz

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AIs Costly JWST Mistake // 33-Engine Super Heavy Test // Problems in Orbit

Fraser Cain 2023-02-10 | SpaceX tests all 33 engines on super heavy, the worst-case scenario for space debris actually happened, a kilonova is coming, and a new map of all the matter and dark matter in the Universe.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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00:00 Intro
00:15 SpaceX Conducts 33-engine test of Super Heavy
universetoday.com/160008/spacex-sets-new-record-with-successful-test-firing-of-31-raptor-engines
01:28 Bad things happened in orbit
universetoday.com/159997/a-russian-satellite-has-broken-into-pieces-littering-debris-in-space
03:59 Ion beam sheparding
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576523000553
07:24 Google's AI costly mistake about James Webb
reuters.com/technology/google-ai-chatbot-bard-offers-inaccurate-information-company-ad-2023-02-08
09:35 A kilonova is coming
universetoday.com/159910/this-binary-system-is-destined-to-become-a-kilonova
12:20 Email newsletter
13:20 A massive black hole in a very young Universe
universetoday.com/159914/hungry-black-hole-was-already-feasting-800-million-years-after-the-big-bang
15:42 A new map of the Universe
universetoday.com/159982/astronomers-make-a-new-map-of-all-the-matter-and-dark-matter-in-the-universe
18:05 More destruction tests from Sierra Space
universetoday.com/159968/sierra-space-tests-another-inflatable-space-station-module-to-destruction
20:16 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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Exploring Space Lava Tubes: How To Prepare For It

Fraser Cain 2023-02-09 | Lava tubes can be a solution to a lot of our space problems. They can provide habitat space on Moon, Mars and even beyond. But how do we prepare to explore them? That's what we're discussing with Professor Francesco Sauro.

🦄 Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/universetoday

👉 Prof. Francesco Sauro: https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/francesco.sauro2/en
👉 Twitter: twitter.com/cescosauro
👉 La Venta Association: https://laventa.it/

00:00 Intro
01:16 Getting into caves
02:32 Why lava tubes are interesting
04:00 Challenges of the caves
08:10 How to train astronauts for lava tubes
15:15 What can we find in lava tubes on Moon and Mars
20:32 Lava tubes as habitats
27:57 Ice caves on Europa, Enceladus and Mars
32:15

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Stuck in a Space Station, Black Holes Habitable Zones, Human-Rated Starship | Q&A 210

Fraser Cain 2023-02-08 | Is there a habitable zone around a black hole? Can you get stuck in the middle of a big space station? How will Starship get human-rated? Why is the Fermi Paradox even a paradox? All this in this week's Q&A!

🦄 Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Start
01:03 [Tatooine] Can you get stuck in a space station?
06:07 [Coruscant] How is Fermi Paradox even a paradox?
09:33 [Hoth] Is there a habitable zone around a black hole?
14:46 [Naboo] What are the highest velocities stars have been recorded travelling?
16:55 [Kamino] Will galaxies fall apart?
20:34 [Bespin] Why is there a Crisis in Cosmology?
23:06 [Mustafar] Is Starship good for humans?
26:41 [Alderaan] What will investment in space look like in the future?
30:07 [Dagobah] How to observe dark matter?
32:56 [Yavin] What's the origin of our Solar System?
36:44 [Mandalore] How long till the sports on other planets?
38:52 [Geonosis] Is there oil on Mars?

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Rolls-Royce Space Reactor // Close Call in Orbit // James Webbs Back

Fraser Cain 2023-02-04 | Webb is fully operational again, Rolls-Royce is building a nuclear reactor for the Moon, and the space debris worst-case scenario almost happened.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

❓ Q&A Playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbJ42wpShvmm6b_fexWT6vSK9J_c4zgep

00:00 Intro
00:14 James Webb is fully operational again
universetoday.com/159897/good-news-webb-is-fully-operational-again
01:46 Rolls-Royce Nuclear Reactor for Space
universetoday.com/159859/rolls-royce-reveals-a-nuclear-reactor-that-could-provide-power-on-the-moon
03:46 Very Nasty Space Collision Almost Happened
twitter.com/LeoLabs_Space/status/1619057013992071168
07:09 Drag Sail Success
universetoday.com/159903/drag-sail-success-this-satellite-wont-turn-into-space-junk
08:47 Destroying Rubble Pile Asteroids
universetoday.com/159766/dont-bother-trying-to-destroy-rubble-pile-asteroids
11:10 Q&A with Fraser
12:11 Extremely Heavy Early Stars
universetoday.com/159800/the-first-stars-may-have-weighed-more-than-100000-suns
14:46 12-Year Exoplanets Timelapse
universetoday.com/159875/watch-this-12-year-timelapse-of-exoplanets-orbiting-their-star
18:33 Measuring the Mass Of A Dead Star With Microlensing
cam.ac.uk/stories/light-bending-around-star
21:48 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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How A Realistic Mars Mission Will Play Out

Fraser Cain 2023-02-01 | How will a human Mars mission play out? Where exactly should it go? What unexpected challenges will we face? We're discussing all these aspects with Rick Davis. He is the Assistant Director for Science and Exploration, NASA’s Science Mission Directorate.

🐦 Rick Davis on Twitter: twitter.com/redplanetrick

👉 NASA Blog Article on choosing the landing site on Mars:
blogs.nasa.gov/redplanetdispatch/2022/12/13/criteria-for-landing-site-selection

🦄 Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/universetoday

00:00:00 Intro
00:01:29 Training for Mars on Earth
00:07:11 Choosing a landing site
00:20:37 Unexpected challenges of Mars
00:52:38 Planetary protection
00:56:51 Exploring lava tubes
00:59:49 What's next?
01:09:24 Outro

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Protecting from Solar Flares, Tiny Rockets, Oldest Possible Ice | Q&A 209

Fraser Cain 2023-01-31 | Can you maintain a stable orbit with just a solar sail? Will a Dyson sphere or swarm kill all life inside of it? Can you protect yourself from a solar flare? What's the oldest ice in the Universe? All this and more in this week's Q&A!

🦄 Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Start
00:48 [Tatooine] Can you maintain orbit with just a solar sail?
06:44 [Coruscant] Does a Dyson sphere kill all life inside of it?
11:04 [Hoth] Can a Faraday cage protect from a solar flare?
13:52 [Naboo] Can there be a stable irregular-shaped planet?
17:45 [Kamino] How small can a rocket be?
19:35 [Bespin] Can we detect artificial light on Proxima b?
22:54 [Mustafar] How old was the Universe when first ice was able to form?

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Nuclear Rocket In 2027 // New JWST Problems // Starship WDR

Fraser Cain 2023-01-27 | Starship completes its wet-dress rehearsal, another problem for Webb, a nuclear rocket test is coming, and more cool NIAC grants.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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👉 First NIAC Interview:
patreon.com/posts/growing-mars-77829316

00:00 Intro
00:14 Starship Wet Dress Rehersal
03:18 JWST's NIRISS problems
universetoday.com/159790/webb-niriss-instrument-has-gone-offline
04:57 Webb's first occultation
07:46 Extremely Close Asteroid Flyby
jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-system-predicts-small-asteroid-to-pass-close-by-earth-this-week
09:37 DARPA Nuclear Rocket Test by 2027
universetoday.com/159759/nasa-and-darpa-will-be-testing-a-nuclear-rocket-in-space
12:05 How to Miniaturize Nuclear Batteries
universetoday.com/159692/exploring-the-outer-solar-system-takes-power-heres-a-way-to-miniaturize-nuclear-batteries-for-deep-space
14:26 Tiny tiny tractor beam
universetoday.com/159695/scientists-build-a-teeny-tiny-tractor-beam
15:56 Support us on Patreon
16:44 Growing Structures on Mars
universetoday.com/159635/instead-of-building-structures-on-mars-we-could-grow-them-with-the-help-of-bacteria
18:30 Light Pollution Is Getting Worse
universetoday.com/159704/light-pollution-is-obscuring-the-night-sky-rip-stargazing
21:27 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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Green Comet. Once in 50,000 Years! #Shorts

Fraser Cain 2023-01-25 | The Green Comet is coming!

Children In Space, Dark Forest, Mars Lava Tubes | Q&A 208

Fraser Cain 2023-01-25 | What if two black holes with opposing spin merge? Can we use the Moon's L2 Lagrange point? How habitable are Mars's lava tubes? Can Starships compensate for satellite light pollution? All this and more in this week's episode Q&A with Fraser Cain.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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Book Club:
goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club

00:00 Start
01:09 [Tatooine] What if two black holes with opposing spin merge?
06:16 [Coruscant] When will the first person be born in space?
10:24 [Hoth] Can we use the Moon's L2 Lagrange point?
15:39 [Naboo] Can a captured planet lurk in the Oort cloud?
18:51 [Kamino] What about the dark forest hypothesis?
23:06 [Bespin] How habitable are Mars lava tubes?
27:15 [Mustafar] Can we use radars to identify asteroids?
29:36 [Alderaan] Can Starships compensate for satellite light pollution?
34:28 [Dagobah] Why does NASA never show us the spacecraft travelling in space?
38:18 [Yavin] Where would I time travel?

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Does James Webb Spy on Earth? #shorts

Fraser Cain 2023-01-23 | Can JWST be used to spy on people on Earth?

Titans Dragonfly Test // New Nuclear Rocket // Shadow Universe

Fraser Cain 2023-01-20 | The Titan Dragonfly is coming together, NASA is considering a new kind of nuclear rocket, getting more warning for solar flares, and pinpointing carbon emissions from space.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Intro
00:15 Titan Helicopter Starts to Come Together
universetoday.com/159611/nasa-is-continuing-to-build-the-titan-dragonfly-helicopter-here-are-its-rotors
02:38 New NIAC Nuclear Rocket Design
universetoday.com/159599/new-nuclear-rocket-design-to-send-missions-to-mars-in-just-45-days
05:57 Lunar Flashlight Has Propulsion System Problems
07:25 Solar Flashes and Flares
09:36 CO2 from Space
universetoday.com/159580/nasa-satellites-can-pinpoint-the-exact-locations-of-excessive-co2-emissions
11:21 Support us on Patreon
12:40 Orphaned Protostar
universetoday.com/159539/astronomers-spot-an-orphaned-protostar
14:27 Measuring the Universe with Shadows
universetoday.com/159543/using-the-shadows-of-clusters-to-measure-the-universe
16:26 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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How Do We Know What We Know? Philosophy of Science

Fraser Cain 2023-01-18 | What's the backbone behind all our scientific knowledge? How can we improve our methodologies and understand our world better? These are the kind of questions that the Philosophy of Science deals with. We're discussing how these things fit in the modern world of science with Professor Sam Baron from the Australian Catholic University.

🦄 Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/universetoday

00:00:00 Intro
00:01:28 What is the Philosophy of Science
00:08:45 Distrust of expert opinion
00:12:30 Where Philosophy meets Physics
00:37:57 Search for the Theory of Everything
00:52:18 The scientific method
01:06:22 Outro

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Dark Curvature, Navigating the Oort Cloud, Future of Space Toilets | Q&A 207

Fraser Cain 2023-01-18 | Should we change "Dark Matter" to "Dark Curvature"? How do you navigate through dense asteroid fields? What's the future of space toilets? Do aliens block their outgoing signals? All these and more in this week's Q&A with Fraser Cain.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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Book Club:
goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club

00:00 Start
00:58 [Tatooine] How do you navigate through dense asteroid fields?
04:02 [Coruscant] Should we change "Dark Matter" to "Dark Curvature"?
07:57 [Hoth] How far can we communicate?
10:49 [Naboo] How can we solve the Fermi paradox?
17:35 [Kamino] What's the future of space toilets?
19:51 [Bespin] Can we avoid the great filter?
22:53 [Mustafar] Why the CMB doesn't go away?
25:35 [Alderaan] Do aliens block their outgoing signals?
27:33 [Dagobah] Can we create a magnetic shield for our spaceships?
30:39 [Yavin] Can aliens detect Earth as a habitable world?
31:44 [Mandalore] Does gravity extend forever?

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Mars Rovers Dead // Green Comet Incoming // JWST’s First Exoplanet

Fraser Cain 2023-01-13 | Keep your eyes on the sky for a comet, another Mars rover has died, the leaky Soyuz is going to be replaced, JWST dominates the American Astronomical Society meeting, and is Starship just around the corner

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Intro
00:17 A Good Comet is Coming
universetoday.com/159454/comet-e3-ztf-brightens-as-the-first-good-comet-of-2023
02:47 Another One Bites The Martian Dust
universetoday.com/159553/china-unable-to-reestablish-contact-with-its-zhurong-mars-rover
06:36 The Leaky Soyuz Needs to Be Replaced
08:36 James Webb Finds Its First Exoplanet
universetoday.com/159581/the-webb-has-confirmed-its-first-exoplanet-and-its-the-same-size-as-earth
10:57 Star Disk from JWST
12:49 Early Galaxies from James Webb
universetoday.com/159567/the-james-webb-links-modern-oddball-galaxies-to-ancient-galaxies-in-the-cosmic-dawn
14:55 Support us on Patreon
15:55 NIAC Awards
18:03 Starship Gets Closer to First Orbital Test
19:29 Build your own ELT
http://universetoday.com/159565/need-a-project-you-can-build-a-paper-model-of-the-extremely-large-telescope
20:41 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

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Avoiding the Kessler Syndrome with Moriba Jah

Fraser Cain 2023-01-12 | Mapping out all the space objects and understanding their orbits is the key to avoiding problems in orbit. What are the technical challenges and what's the current state of affairs? We're discussing it with Dr. Moriba Jah.

🦄 Support us on Patreon: patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Intro
01:28 Current state of the orbit
07:04 Kessler Syndrome
14:57 Risks on Different Altitudes
17:41 Access to the Night Skies
22:33 An Ideal Solution
31:57 Future of Humanity
34:30 Outro

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Rings Around Stars, Laser Space Propulsion, Life on Cold Moons | Q&A 206

Fraser Cain 2023-01-12 | How do we determine the velocities of objects in distant space? Can we use a laser a space engine on a spaceship? Can we find stars with rings? Is it possible to see the same star at different stages of its life? All this and more in this week's Q&A.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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Book Club:
goodreads.com/group/show/1198440-universe-today-book-club

00:00 Start
02:21 [Tatooine] Can stars have rings?
07:59 [Coruscant] Can we see stars at different life stages with gravitational lensing?
11:29 [Hoth] Why not launch payloads from orbit?
14:30 [Naboo] What would happen if time stopped?
16:20 [Kamino] Does Elon/Twitter impact spaceflight confidence?
18:28 [Bespin] How can there be life on cold moons?
22:49 [Mustafar] What if a meteor hits the Moon while astronauts are there?
25:58 [Alderaan] Shouldn't ETs be benevolent like Vulcans and not malevolent like Klingons?
27:51 [Dagobah] How do we determine the speeds of objects in space?
30:06 [Yavin] Why go back to the Moon?
32:08 [Mandalore] Do you ever get tired of speculating and not lending your intellect to progress?
34:14 [Geonosis] Wen JWST Deep Field?
35:20 [Corellia] Why is Sag A* disk not aligned with the galaxy?
37:23 [Crait] Will there be a Mars colony this century?
39:43 [Endor] Could we use a laser as an engine on a spaceship?

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Eruption on Io // Moon Navigation // Space-Based Power Test

Fraser Cain 2023-01-06 | NASA is looking for dangerous asteroids, Io is blasting lava into space, the solar wind could be creating water on the Moon, space power is finally getting a test.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
patreon.com/universetoday

00:00 Intro
00:15 NASA Makes Asteroid Defence a Priority
universetoday.com/159395/nasa-makes-asteroid-defense-a-priority-moving-its-neo-surveyor-mission-into-the-development-phase
02:49 Io Is Having a Major Volcanic Outburst
universetoday.com/159466/io-is-having-a-major-volcanic-outburst
04:57 Solar Wind Might Create Water on the Moon
universetoday.com/159420/the-solar-wind-is-creating-water-on-the-surface-of-the-moon
07:04 Structures on the Moon Could Be Build With Microwaves
universetoday.com/159427/want-to-build-structures-on-the-moon-just-blast-the-regolith-with-microwaves
09:14 How to Navigate on the Moon
universetoday.com/159409/navigation-could-be-done-on-the-moon-just-by-looking-at-nearby-landmarks
11:00 South Korea’s Lunar Photos
phys.org/news/2023-01-south-korea-lunar-orbiter-photos.html
11:55 Support us on Patreon
13:07 China’s Considering Where to Build Lunar Station
universetoday.com/159429/china-is-considering-where-to-build-a-lunar-research-station
15:07 Space-Based Power Test
16:57 Outro

Host: Fraser Cain
Producer: Anton Pozdnyakov
Editing: Artem Pozdnyakov

🌕 Artemis 1 Overview video:
youtu.be/u5wNXtlZH_Q

🔥 Fusion Ignition Breakthrough video:
youtu.be/HIkYzfk8BvM

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