Africas Most Dangerous Mercenaries: EXECUTIVE OUTCOMES African Biographics 2026-09-20 | Africas Most Dangerous Mercenaries: EXECUTIVE OUTCOMES
The Untold Story of Osama bin Laden’s Time in Sudan: A Shadowy Alliance African Biographics 2024-12-31 | In the early 1990s, Sudan became the unlikely backdrop for a turning point in modern history. It was here that Osama bin Laden, one of the world’s most notorious figures, found refuge. From 1991 to 1996, under the Islamist-leaning rule of Omar al-Bashir, Sudan provided a safe haven for bin Laden and his emerging terrorist network, Al-Qaeda.During his years in Sudan, bin Laden began to transform Al-Qaeda from a loosely organized group of fighters into a powerful organization. In this episode of African Biographics, we cover the largely untold story of when Sudan became a safe haven for Osama bin Laden and Al-Qaeda. ***************************************************************************Music:Epidemic Sound
Why 6000 Prisoners Escaped in Mozambique African Biographics 2024-12-28 | Mozambique is in the throes of a grave political and social crisis, ignited by the fiercely contested general elections held on October 9, 2024. The announcement of disputed results has triggered months of widespread protests, paralyzed major cities, and culminated in a shocking mass prison escape.****************************************************************************Music:Epidemic Sound
Why Dictator Idi Amin Expelled Asians from Uganda African Biographics 2024-12-22 | On August 4, 1972, Uganda’s President Idi Amin announced a decision that would reshape the nation's history: the expulsion of its Asian population. Declaring that Asians had 90 days to leave the country, Amin cited economic grievances and social divisions, accusing the community of corruption, economic exploitation, and failure to integrate. While framed as a bold move to reclaim Uganda’s economy for its citizens, the expulsion was rooted in a complex web of colonial legacies, economic disparities, and rising nationalist sentiment. New Channel: youtube.com/@tknowledgequest?si=bEusOAGnSkKmptDG ************************************************************************Sources:blog.railwaymuseum.org.uk/beyond-the-lunatic-line lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v44/n19/mahmood-mamdani/the-asian-question cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79R00967A000500030017-9.pdf https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00104051_1157 lordslibrary.parliament.uk/ugandan-asians-50-years-since-their-expulsion-from-uganda General Amin and the Indian Exodus from Uganda, Hasu H. Patel, Issue: A Journal of Opinion, Vol. 2, No. 4 (Winter, 1972), pp. 12-22 (11 pages)manchesterhistorian.com/2017/idi-amin-the-expulsion-of-south-asians-from-uganda Violent Ethnocentrism:Revisiting the Economic Interpretation of the Expulsion of Ugandan Asians, January 2003Identity 3(1):53-66 The expulsion of the Ugandan Asians and some legal questions arising therefrom , Frank Wooldridge***************************************************************************Video Credits:youtube.com/watch?v=GKQdQmCjxaw youtube.com/watch?v=p1eG2DfOM8s youtube.com/watch?v=efHU6WtPX4s&t=9s youtube.com/watch?v=UnaeC7nyfsw youtube.com/watch?v=FZGM5wco_IE youtube.com/watch?v=cbw9kwSwb1k&t=100s youtube.com/watch?v=aVQyURh9_D0 youtube.com/watch?v=UnaeC7nyfsw&t=236s youtube.com/watch?v=b_D77Srh6Fs&t=10s youtube.com/watch?v=p-i0JVip9N4&t=19s youtube.com/watch?v=7v3ccogYPrk&t=444s youtube.com/watch?v=XBR-vjLAH24 ****************************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube StudioJohn Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvpArtist: http://chriszabriskie.com#Uganda #IdiAmin
What If Thomas Sankara Had Lived? The Africa That Could Have Been African Biographics 2024-12-15 | What if history had taken a different course and Sankara had survived that fateful day, 15 October 1987? In this episode of African Biographics, we reimagine this alternate timeline, where Thomas Sankara not only survives but continues his mission to reshape his country—and perhaps an entire continent. Link to New Channel: youtube.com/@UCBTPawRNEaXQGxsP0zJMMwQ ************************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube Studio#ThomasSankara #BlaiseCompaore #burkinafaso
Ghana: From Bloody Revolutions and Coups to Stability African Biographics 2024-11-30 | From Ghana's jubilant independence on March 6, 1957, to the dramatic New Year's Eve coup of 1981 led by Flight-Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings, the nation endured a tumultuous political rollercoaster. In just over two decades, Ghana witnessed the rise and fall of eight governments—five military and three civilian—most of which were swept away by force rather than the will of the people.Despite this stormy past, Ghana's story took a remarkable turn in the 1990s with its transition to democratic governance. Today, the country is celebrated as a beacon of democratic stability, standing in stark contrast to its earlier reputation for political upheaval and coup-driven leadership changes.************************************************************************Music:French Fuse | Rain FuseEpidemic SoundKai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0Kumasi Groove by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100183Artist: http://incompetech.comAccralate - The Dark Contenent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100341Artist: http://incompetech.com#ghana #JerrryRawlings
When Somalia Invaded Ethiopia: The Untold Story of the Ogaden War African Biographics 2024-11-23 | In the early hours of July 13, 1977, Somali armored units launched a large-scale offensive into Ethiopia, targeting the Ogaden region—a sprawling area of around 300,000 square km. This aggressive push, marking the onset of the "Ogaden War," was the peak of Somalia’s effort to seize control of a territory largely populated by ethnic Somalis and long claimed as part of Greater Somalia.The Ogaden War had effects far beyond the Horn of Africa, connecting with the larger Cold War conflict between the U.S. and Soviet Union. It became a key turning point, sparking changes that reshaped the region and played a part in the fall of Somalia’s government by 1991. The war’s impact is still felt in the region even today.This is the story of the Ogaden War, a fierce battle fought between Somalia and Ethiopia.**************************************************************************Sources:1. https://www.accord.org.za/publication/remembering-the-ogaden-war-45-years-later/ 2. defenceindepth.co/2019/02/19/the-battle-for-the-horn-of-africa-a-retrospective 3. realistreview.org/2023/06/01/the-ogaden-war-the-lasting-impact-of-the-cold-war-battle-in-east-africa 4. blackpast.org/global-african-history/ethiopian-somali-war-over-ogaden-region-1977-1978 5. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1504&context=etd20206. https://www.prcprague.cz/fcdataset/somalia-ethiopia7. history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/horn-of-africa 8. britannica.com/place/eastern-Africa/Somalia-irredenta9. FROM IRREDENTISM TO STATE DISINTEGRATION: GREATER, SOMALIA DURING SIAD BARRE REGIME (1969-1991), Pablo Arconada LEDESMA, PhD Researcher, Universidad de Valladolid 10. Arms, Ideology, and Alignment: Analyzing U.S.-Soviet Realignment During the Ogaden War , Matthew Fiorelli 11. The Ogaden War: An Intersection of Local and Global Powers in the Horn of Africa, Luis Garcia University of Central Florida 12. Africa, A Modern History, Guy Arnold******************************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube Studio#ethiopia #somalia
The Great Toyota War: Gaddafi’s Humiliating Defeat in Chad African Biographics 2024-11-09 | In the scorching deserts of Northern Africa, a surprising and unconventional war unfolded—a battle that would forever change the rules of military strategy and deliver a humiliating blow to one of Africa’s most powerful leaders, Muammar Gaddafi. Known as the "Great Toyota War," this conflict saw the small yet resilient nation of Chad take on Libya’s well-armed forces, relying not on advanced weaponry or sheer numbers but on agility, ingenuity, and the surprising utility of Toyota pick-up trucks. This is the story of how Chad, the underdog, defied the odds and won the great Toyota war.*********************************************************************Sources:seattletimes.com/pacific-nw-magazine/in-conflicts-around-the-world-the-toyotas-of-war-rulegreydynamics.com/the-great-toyota-war-birthplace-of-the-technicalhttps://www.unboxify.in/blogs/history/how-chads-tactical-ingenuity-and-toyota-trucks-defeated-gaddafis-libyan-forces?srsltid=AfmBOoorOViFuB04AOtJJOlQiPDHeeoafgfAKl-Hpc0L3-feZtF4YzDYhilux.com/the-great-toyota-warhttps://www.carsguide.com.au/oversteer/the-toyota-war-is-a-thing-that-happened-58048https://www.unav.edu/web/global-affairs/detalle/-/blogs/toyota-wars-and-the-next-generation-in-counter-insurgency-strategiessealionpress.co.uk/post/forgotten-conflict-the-libyan-chadian-warTHE AOUZOU STRIP DISPUTE-A LEGAL ANALYSIS GINO J. NALDI jstor.org/stable/745533 warisboring.com/49425-2globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/chad.htm*********************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube Studio
Why Duma Boko Won Botswanas Elections African Biographics 2024-11-02 | Botswana's political landscape has been dramatically reshaped following a stunning electoral upset in which the long-dominant ruling party conceded defeat after nearly 60 years of uninterrupted governance. On Friday 1 November, Botswana’s President Mokgweetsi Masisi acknowledged the outcome of the general elections, which saw Duma Boko of the opposition Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC) emerging victorious in these elections. All five of Botswana’s presidents have come from the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) and this electoral outcome not only marks a pivotal moment in Botswana's democratic journey but also raises questions about the future direction of one of Southern Africa’s most resource-rich nations.**************************************************************************Sources/Credits:france24.com/en/africa/20241101-botswana-governing-party-losing-six-decade-rule-early-tallies-show aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/30/botswana-election-who-is-in-the-running-and-whats-at-stake news24.com/news24/africa/news/majority-of-batswana-believe-president-masisis-office-is-corrupt-afrobarometer-report-20221202 afrobarometer.org/publication/ad791-rising-perceptions-of-corruption-weak-trust-and-low-approval-ratings-mark-batswana-assessments-of-their-president cnbcafrica.com/2024/diamond-rich-botswana-votes-with-president-masisi-seeking-second-term botswanaembassy.org/page/history-of-botswana https://x.com/Sophie_Mokoena/status/1852234922305454196 https://x.com/MmegiOnline/status/1852236669405003778 https://x.com/samirasawlani/status/1852246596097855668 aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/1/botswanas-ruling-party-loses-power-after-six-decades-early-results-show https://x.com/MmegiOnline/status/1852287737652547874/video/1 blog.bti-project.org/2024/08/29/a-bumpy-road-ahead-botswana-faces-economic-and-political-struggles-ahead-of-its-2024-general-elections youtube.com/watch?v=rH4HDvHd58c youtube.com/watch?v=qUOrQEiOnvo ************************************************************************Music:YouTube Music LibraryEpidemic Sound#DumaBoko #Masisi
Meet Daniel Chapo: Mozambique’s New Leader? African Biographics 2024-10-24 | As Mozambique prepares for a political transition, the nation is set to see the rise of a new leader: Daniel Chapo. The 47-year-old Chapo will be the youngest president Mozambique has ever had. It’s fascinating to note that this former political science professor is poised to become Mozambique’s first president born after the country achieved independence in 1975. Chapo’s ascent marks a significant moment in Mozambique’s history, as the country faces critical challenges, including widespread poverty, political instability, and an ongoing insurgency in the Cabo Delgado province.In this episode of African Biographics, we look at the rise of Daniel Chapo, Mozambique’s next president, and the significant challenges that await him as he assumes leadership. ****************************************************************************Sources:foreignpolicy.com/2024/10/17/mozambique-election-daniel-chapo-cabo-delgado-terrorism theafricareport.com/350304/mozambique-10-things-to-know-about-daniel-chapo-the-likely-future-presidenthttps://biografia.co.mz/?p=2432https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-05-06-chapo-is-mozambique-ruling-partys-surprise-pick-as-leader/ https://danielchapo.org.mz/biografia/# africanarguments.org/2024/05/mozambique-nyusis-dilemma-delivers-an-unexpected-successor thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2024/10/08/mozambique-cabo-delgado-insurgency-conflict-without-end africanews.com/2024/10/10/daniel-chapoa-potential-successor-to-president-filipe-nyusi/ aimnews.org/2024/10/07/chapo-pledges-to-restore-peace-to-cabo-delgado issuu.com/bureauinfopub/docs/quem_quem_prov_ncias_digital_2022 voanews.com/a/mozambique-s-ruling-party-candidate-poised-for-presidential-victory/7824542.html ***************************************************************************Video Sources:youtube.com/watch?v=8TTB5uDUcn0 youtube.com/watch?v=Czo-Sd9yO9s youtube.com/watch?v=aCv5RA-6Mko youtube.com/watch?v=xF6yxi8iY1A youtube.com/watch?v=5QdP3BJnYC4 youtube.com/watch?v=fZLQUzKztqA youtube.com/watch?v=KXZnSqLGj-s youtube.com/watch?v=Qu9V8gBxAz0 youtube.com/watch?v=l1Itj1wUFd8 youtube.com/watch?v=y3zsUjjEnYg youtube.com/watch?v=Sz7RfTBhfGYyoutube.com/watch?v=83C5HGM_eag*************************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube Studio#DanielChapo #Mozambique
Origins of Ethiopias Notorious Fano Rebels | Amhara Conflict African Biographics 2024-10-18 | Ethiopia, a country with a rich history marked by both unity and diversity, has encountered numerous internal conflicts over the past few decades. One of the most pressing challenges today is the ongoing conflict in the Amhara region, which has deeply affected both the area and the nation at large. A major player in this conflict is the Fano militia. Initially formed as a loosely organized group of armed volunteers, Fano has evolved into a formidable force in Amhara. Their popularity among Amhara nationalists soared as they were viewed as defenders of the region’s rights and territorial claims.In this episode of African Biographics, we look at the origins of Fano, a militia group deeply rooted in Ethiopia's Amhara region, and examine the complex factors that have led to the current conflict in the area.*****************************************************************************Sources:riftvalley.net/publication/understanding-the-fano-insurgency-in-ethiopias-amhara-regiontheafricareport.com/363809/ethiopia-forces-deploy-against-amhara-rebelsepo.acleddata.com/amhara-conflict-fano-insurgencybbc.com/news/world-africa-66496137.ampcrisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/ethiopia/b194-ethiopias-ominous-new-war-amharacrisisgroup.org/africa/horn-africa/ethiopia/b194-ethiopias-ominous-new-war-amhara theafricareport.com/322001/ethiopia-understanding-the-fano-and-the-fate-of-amhara africanarguments.org/2023/08/how-years-of-tension-in-amhara-boiled-to-the-surface wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/reflection-conflict-amhara-region-ethiopia foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/06/ethiopia-amhara-conflict-civil-war *****************************************************************************Videos:youtube.com/watch?v=aOvPexKh8SY youtube.com/watch?v=E7BqTb1zp98 youtube.com/watch?v=595F4CZAbKU&t=4s Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube Music Studio#amhara #fano #ethiopia
How General Mamady Doumbouya Captured Guinea African Biographics 2024-10-05 | On September 5, 2021, Guinea experienced a significant political upheaval when President Alpha Condé was ousted in a military coup. The man behind this dramatic event was Colonel Mamady Doumbouya, the head of the Special Forces Group. Doumbouya justified the coup by citing widespread corruption, economic mismanagement, and a lack of political inclusivity under Condé's administration. Following the coup, Doumbouya assumed leadership, promising a transitional government and eventual return to civilian rule.In this episode of African Biographics, we cover the Meteoric rise of Guinea’s Mamady Doumbouya.***********************************************************************Sources:blackpast.org/global-african-history/mamady-doumbouya-1980 theafricareport.com/125045/guinea-who-is-mamady-doumbouya-the-man-once-closest-to-alpha-conde theafricareport.com/124584/coup-in-guinea-what-we-know-about-the-putsch-that-toppled-alpha-conde theafricareport.com/in-depth/guinea-coup-the-fall-of-alpha-conde aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/6/toppled-alpha-conde-failed-to-live-up-to-his-promises-in-guinea crisisgroup.org/africa/west-africa/guinea/alpha-conde-ouvert-la-voie-au-retour-de-larmee-la-tete-de-son-pays voaafrica.com/a/the-head-of-guinea-s-junta-defends-military-coups-in-africa-/7278869.html africacenter.org/spotlight/stagnant-transition-guinea democracyinafrica.org/from-promises-to-betrayal-the-cycle-of-moral-hypocrisy-of-the-cnrd-under-mamady-doumbouya usip.org/publications/2024/09/amid-international-silence-guineas-coup-regime-imperils-transition africanarguments.org/2024/09/guinea-when-the-putschists-overstay-their-welcomevoaafrica.com/a/the-head-of-guinea-s-junta-defends-military-coups-in-africa-/7278869.html hrw.org/news/2024/07/12/guinea-fears-torture-forcibly-disappeared-opponents Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube Music Studio#Doumbouya #guinea
Why Egypt and Somalia are Teaming Up Against Ethiopia African Biographics 2024-09-27 | Tensions between Egypt and Ethiopia have reached new heights, centered around the contentious Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile. Now, the situation has grown even more complex. Egypt has turned to diplomatic maneuvers, recently signing a strategic agreement with Somalia, further deepening the complex power dynamics in the Horn of Africa. In this volatile environment, where water security meets national pride, the stakes couldn't be higher. Will Ethiopia and Egypt navigate a peaceful solution, or are they destined for a proxy confrontation that could reshape the Horn of Africa?******************************************************************Sources:fdd.org/analysis/2024/09/13/egypt-and-ethiopia-tussle-at-un-security-council-as-nile-dam-tensions-escalatehttps://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-controversy-over-the-grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam/ blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2024/02/28/the-grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam-and-its-discontents dw.com/en/could-egypt-and-ethiopias-tensions-escalate-into-a-war/a-70211192middleeasteye.net/news/egypt-somalia-ethiopia-ambitions-military-tilt-power thereporterethiopia.com/41837 - Ethiopian Point of Viewegyptindependent.com/egypt-accuses-ethiopia-of-tampering-with-the-nile-river - Egyptian POVfirstpost.com/opinion/how-horn-of-africa-is-on-the-brink-of-a-crisis-again-13814809.html geopoliticalmonitor.com/egypt-opens-new-front-against-ethiopia-with-somalia-deal hiiraan.com/news4/2024/Sept/198067/after_somalia_egypt_looks_to_eritrea_to_isolate_ethiopia.aspx atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/egypt-somalia-ethiopia-gerd https://www.accord.org.za/analysis/the-politics-of-the-grand-ethiopian-renaissance-dam-gerd-an-ethiopian-perspective/ bbc.com/news/articles/cvg415vex37osciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110982321000922 Video:Video Provided by : Farouk MahmoudFarouk Mahmoud Gomaa youtube.com/watch?v=_nxmOlnxGRo Nile Graphic : youtube.com/watch?v=DHeYgbeTCnU Vecteezyyoutube.com/watch?v=aEjUoN2GjEs youtube.com/watch?v=4YaZCEYPriI youtube.com/watch?v=_opWKn07e50 ***********************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube Studio#Egypt #Ethiopia #GERD
Kwame Nkrumah: A Revolutionary Feared by the West African Biographics 2024-09-13 | This was Kwame Nkrumah, a towering figure whose vision and determination ignited the flames of independence across Africa. As the first leader of a free Ghana, he boldly championed Pan-African unity, envisioning a continent unshackled from the chains of colonialism. Yet, as he rose to become one of Africa’s most influential voices, Nkrumah's relentless pursuit of his ideals also sowed the seeds of his downfall. His story is one of triumph and tragedy, where the fight for Africa's future collided with the harsh realities of power, leading to a dramatic downfall.************************************************************************Sources:https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/dr-kwame-nkrumahhttps://scholars.fhsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1177&context=theses/1000encyclopedia.com/people/history/african-history-biographies/kwame-nkrumah#:~:text=Nkrumah%20became%20the%20prime%20minister,Pan%2DAfrican%20meetings%20in%20Accra.britannica.com/biography/Kwame-NkrumahNkrumah, Kwame (1909-1972), Encyclopaedia of African History, pages (1138-1140)libguides.nypl.org/kwamenkrumah/biographyeprints.soas.ac.uk/28819/1/10672987.pdfliberationschool.org/legacy-of-the-cia-overthrow-of-kwame-nkrumah The United States and the overthrow of Kwame Nkrumah, Eric Quaidoo, Fort Hays State University https://www.laits.utexas.edu/africa/ads/197.html eaumf.org/ejm-blog/jul-18-preventive-detention UNDERDEVELOPMENT AND THE DILEMMA OF INDEPENDENCE: NORTHERN GHANA IN NATIONALIST POLITICS, 1946-1956 N.I.K. Brukum KWAME NKRUMAH’S QUEST FOR PAN AFRICANISM: FROM INDEPENDENCE LEADER TO DEPOSED DESPOT, A Thesis by Autumn Anne Lawson , 2004 linkedin.com/pulse/remembering-overthrow-dr-kwame-nkrumah-veronica-penelope-onuman bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/ztnwjsg#zsb4kty State of Africa After Independence - Martin Meredith****************************************************************Music:Epidemic SOUNDYouTube Music Studio#Ghana #kwamenkrumah
The Nigerian Civil War Explained (Documentary) African Biographics 2024-08-23 | The Nigerian Civil War, often shrouded in the dust of history, remains a haunting chapter in the nation's past, echoing with the cries of millions caught in the crossfire. This brutal conflict, also known as the Biafra War, tore Nigeria apart from 1967 to 1970, pitting brother against brother in a desperate struggle for survival and self-determination. As the world watched, millions of lives were lost, many to starvation, in what became one of the most tragic humanitarian crises of the 20th century. In this episode of African Biographics, we cover the Nigerian Civil War, diving into the heart of the conflict and exploring how a nation could descend into such profound division and bloodshed. **********************************************************************Sources:The Nigerian Civil War: Its Causes and Lessons for the Future. Philips OkoloThe Other Side of the Nigeria-Biafra War: A Transnational History. Luepke, Anna-Katharina Oil, British Interests and the Nigerian Civil War Author(s): Chibuike Uche Source: The Journal of African History, Vol. 49, No. 1 (2008), pp. 111-135 The A to Z of Civil Wars in Africa, Guy ArnoldAfrica: A Modern History: Guy Arnold, 2015 edition.cnn.com/2020/01/15/africa/gallery/biafra-nigeria-civil-war/index.html - picturesBiafra and the Question of Genocide: Examining the Dimensions of Violence in Heroes and Toads of War, Stephen DavidRevisiting the Nigeria-Biafra War: The Intangibles of, Post-War Reconciliation, Benjamin Maiangwa, Lakehead University Thunder Bay CampusMartin Meredith, State of Africa After IndependenceAdeyinka Makinde: Videos*************************************************************************Music: Epidemic SoundYouTube StudioMeditation Impromptu 03 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100161Artist: http://incompetech.com#Biafra #Nigeria #Ojukwu
Isaias Afwerki: DICTATOR who has ruled Eritrea for 31 Years African Biographics 2024-08-07 | Isaias Afwerki, the long-standing leader of Eritrea, is a figure of both reverence and controversy. As the first President of Eritrea, Afwerki played a pivotal role in the country's hard-fought battle for independence from Ethiopia, earning him the status of a national hero. However, his tenure, which began in 1993, has since been marked by allegations of authoritarianism, human rights abuses, and severe repression. Under his rule, Eritrea has become one of the most secretive and militarized states in the world, often dubbed the "North Korea of Africa." ***********************************************************************Sources:democracyinafrica.org/a-portrait-isaias-afworki-the-man-the-dictatorblackpast.org/global-african-history/isaias-afwerki-1946africanarguments.org/2023/11/all-the-presidents-men-isaias-afwerkis-close-circlejacobin.com/2023/06/eritrea-isaias-afwerki-elf-ethiopian-conflictmartinplaut.com/2023/09/29/an-excellent-profile-of-president-isaiasglobalsecurity.org/military/world/eritrea/isaias.htm#google_vignetteyahoo.com/tech/why-eritrea-isaias-afwerki-tactical-063213065.htmlcarnegiecouncil.org/media/series/ethics-online/maintaining-power-by-breaking-up-society-eritrea-under-isaias-afwerki economist.com/1843/2023/09/28/the-surprising-triumph-of-africas-kim-jong-un facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1281436835382241&id=218987881627147&set=a.219856768206925 ************************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube Studio#Eritrea #IsaiasAfwerki
Chads Strange and Brutal Dictators: Tombalbaye, Habré and Déby | Parts 1-3 African Biographics 2024-08-02 | Explore the story of Chad's three dictators: François Tombalbaye, Hissène Habré, and Idriss Déby. This video tells how each leader took power, controlled the country, and affected its people. From Tombalbaye's rule to Habré's violent reign and Déby's long leadership, see how these 3 men shaped Chad's history. ***********************************************************************Sources:Zuber, D. (2022, March 16). François Tombalbaye (1918-1975). BlackPast.org. blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/francois-tombalbaye-1918-1975theafricareport.com/142682/chads-first-president-ngarta-tombalbaye-shot-dead-by-his-own-army globalsecurity.org/military/world/africa/cd-tombalbaye.htm https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/chad http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,917376,00.html content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,945113,00.html knowyourdictators.com/post/march-2020-n-garta-tombalbayeafricanews.com/2021/08/24/who-was-hissene-habre-chad-s-former-president/ hrw.org/news/2016/05/03/qa-case-hissene-habre-extraordinary-african-chambers-senegal nytimes.com/2021/08/24/world/africa/hissene-habre-dead.html bbc.com/news/world-africa-18927845 justiceinfo.net/en/81125-hissene-habre-the-lion-of-chad-is-dead.html britannica.com/place/Chad/Continuing-conflict apnews.com/article/africa-health-coronavirus-pandemic-4f71f10dfecf8eb1dc8ed33c87508b2c https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/chadafricanews.com/2021/04/20/who-was-chadian-military-powerhouse-idriss-deby-itno/ britannica.com/biography/Idriss-Debybbc.com/news/world-africa-56816290 nytimes.com/2021/04/20/world/africa/idriss-deby-chad-obituary.html theguardian.com/world/2021/may/13/idriss-deby-obituary thenewhumanitarian.org/feature/2006/04/19/idriss-deby-president-under-siege theafricareport.com/81574/chad-the-six-lives-of-idriss-deby-itnohrw.org/news/2021/04/21/remembering-chads-idriss-deby globalsecurity.org/military/world/africa/cd-idriss-deby.htm hrw.org/news/2016/05/03/qa-case-hissene-habre-extraordinary-african-chambers-senegal issafrica.org/iss-today/whatever-happened-to-hissene-habre hrw.org/report/2016/06/28/enabling-dictator/united-states-and-chads-hissene-habre-1982-1990bbc.com/news/world-africa-18927845 africanews.com/2021/08/24/who-was-hissene-habre-chad-s-former-president/ foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/24/france-macron-chad-deby-democracy-g5-sahel https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2021/04/29/the-death-of-chadian-president-idris-deby-itno-threatens-stability-in-the-region/ theguardian.com/world/2008/sep/12/worldbank.oilissafrica.org/research/books-and-other-publications/debys-chad **************************************************************************Music:Kai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Harbour, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Mercy, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Summer Days, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - SilenceNeoclassical, SoundtrackLicense: CC BY-NC 4.0John Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvpArtist: http://chriszabriskie.comCambodian Odyssey by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100585Artist: http://incompetech.comFiresong by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100598Artist: http://incompetech.comDrums of the Deep by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1400021Artist: http://incompetech.com
Libya After Gaddafi: Nato’s Failed State (Documentary) African Biographics 2024-07-21 | Since the removal of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, Libya has plunged into relentless turmoil, unable to establish stable political structures. The initial attempt to overthrow Gaddafi’s regime spiraled into a complex civil war with multiple phases. From 2014, Libya has been divided between rival administrations, leading to the rise of numerous militias and a pervasive state of lawlessness. In this episode of African Biographics, we explore the intricate web of conflict and instability that has defined Libya's landscape since Gaddafi's fall.**************************************************************************Sources:ULF LAESSING Understanding Libya Since GaddafiLaessing, Ulf. Understanding Libya Since Gaddafi . Hurst. Kindle Edition. https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/more-ten-years-after-collapse-gaddafi-regime-situation-libya-so-devastating-some-long-prehttps://reliefweb.int/report/libya/once-destination-migrants-post-gaddafi-libya-has-gone-transit-route-containmentafricanews.com/amp/2017/07/27/post-gaddafi-libya-how-the-current-chaos-was-birthedblogs.timesofisrael.com/with-hindsight-and-thirteen-years-on-was-killing-gaddafi-a-serious-mistake-for-libya-and-a-lesson-for-the-middle-eastresearchcentre.trtworld.com/perspectives/navigating-libyas-political-quagmire-thirteen-years-after-2011-revolutionen.minbarlibya.org/2022/02/22/a-timeline-of-how-libya-got-to-this-pointbbc.com/news/world-africa-13754897.ampreuters.com/world/africa/how-libya-reached-its-dangerous-political-impasse-2023-08-15cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/civil-war-libyaaljazeera.com/amp/opinions/2015/3/4/the-rise-and-rise-of-libyas-rogue-general - 2015 Articlebbc.com/news/world-africa-27492354.amparabnews.com/node/2530946/ampsg.news.yahoo.com/strongman-haftar-sons-tighten-grip-075456061.htmlhttps://www.aa.com.tr/en/energy/oil/haftar-oil-blockade-causes-over-4-bln-loss-for-libya/29418?amp=1britannica.com/place/Libya/Qaddafi-toppled-and-killed gisreportsonline.com/r/europe-mistakes-libya swp-berlin.org/10.18449/2023C44 ****************************************************************************Map Graphics: vecteezy.com***************************************************************************Music:YouTube StudioEpidemic Sound*****************************************************************************Videos:Obama: youtu.be/TedBteYCuu8?si=rFw0P3Ne1ka-hs9PMigrants: youtube.com/watch?v=2S2qtGisT34 youtube.com/watch?v=xLK9zcUwV1g - Floodsyoutube.com/watch?v=9sHVJE2k8OY - isis/dignityyoutube.com/watch?v=ds5NKsXU3HU - cameron warning for gaddafiyoutube.com/watch?v=Y8-ElmGCMas - cameron error youtube.com/watch?v=HPMBehhdMkc - introduction, 10 seconds, then obama? youtube.com/watch?v=hxzyG1mMD_U - instabilityyoutube.com/watch?v=eRV0R0gzivA - quick summaryyoutube.com/watch?v=6DXDU48RHLU - hillary clinton, we came he diedyoutube.com/watch?v=5l9-wxnCnu4 - hilary on obama’s interview - 1:00 - 02:00 youtube.com/watch?v=VMF98nLlcnA - khalifa haftar presidential election nomination nov 2021 youtube.com/watch?v=FLQNBkDwz4g - anniversary #Gaddafi #NATO #KHALIFAHAFTAR
Sudan Civil War Explained African Biographics 2024-07-07 | Since April 15, 2023, Sudan has been engulfed in a civil war between the nation’s military, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). This conflict has thrown the country into chaos and devastation.At the heart of this conflict are two powerful generals: Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, whose rivalry has led to widespread destruction and suffering. Their struggle for power has resulted in brutal clashes, civilian casualties, and a severe humanitarian crisis.In this episode of African Biographics,we explore the origins and impact of this devastating war and the key figures driving it.************************************************************************Sources:Sudan on brink of famine as Burhan and Hemedti's deadly conflict hunger games persist Civil War in Sudan | Global Conflict TrackerAnalysts: Presence of foreign actors complicates Sudan war situation Sudan Crisis Explained Sudan’s RSF claims it has captured a key city in the southeast | News | Al Jazeera Sudan's raging civil war could see 2 million starve to death. Aid agency says "the world is not watching" - CBS News Sudan civil war: Why is the world ignoring one of its worst crises? - Frontline Sudan war: A simple guide to what is happening War in Sudan: How Two Rival Generals Wrecked Their Country Sudan suspended from the African Union Sudan's RSF says it has taken key town, closing in on Port Sudan What Is the Extent of Sudan’s Humanitarian Crisis? | Council on Foreign Relations Sudan crisis: Burhan and Hemedti - the two generals at the heart of the conflictaljazeera.com/news/2023/4/16/who-is-hemedti-the-puppeteer-behind-sudans-feared-rsf-fighters Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (1960- ) • aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/24/uae-denies-sending-weapons-to-sudans-rsf-paramilitary-report Sudan: A Year of War | Crisis Group Sudan: the war the world forgot Statement by the Permanent Mission of the United Arab Emirates to the UN In response to false allegations in the letter dated 10 June 2024 from the Representative of Sudan to the UN Security Council Evenly Matched, Sudan Generals Reach a Stalemate While Civilians Suffer - Africa Defense ForumOne Year of War in Sudan: How Two Rival Generals Wrecked Their Country – DNyuzExplained | Sudan's conflict: Who is backing the rival commandersthenationalnews.com/mena/2023/04/26/sudan-paramilitary-claims-to-have-seized-major-oil-refinery-on-first-day-of-ceasefire vecteezy.com***************************************************************************Music:Meditation Impromptu 03 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100161Artist: http://incompetech.comSummer Days by Kai EngelEpidemic Sound#SudanWar #RSF #SAF
Why wasnt Ethiopia Colonized? African Biographics 2024-06-28 | In the late 19th century, European powers scrambled over Africa, brutally colonizing one country after another. Only one African state managed to stave off the onslaught of European occupation during this period, Ethiopia.Italy, for its part, targeted Ethiopia. In 1896, when the Italian troops invaded Ethiopia from their coastal enclave at Massawa on the Red Sea, they were routed by the emperor, Menelik II. Forty years later, however, the Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini, took revenge. The spirit of resistance continued into the 20th century, culminating in 1941 when, with British support, Ethiopia once again overcame Italian occupation. These momentous events not only safeguarded Ethiopia's freedom but also inspired other African nations in their struggle against colonial rule.**************************************************************************State of Africa : Martin MeredithEncyclopedia of African History, Kevin Shillingtonhistory.com/news/battle-adwa-ethiopia-africa-colonizationthehaileselassie.com/Italian_Occupatione-ir.info/2019/03/26/principles-or-power-mussolinis-invasion-of-ethiopiaiwm.org.uk/history/how-italy-was-defeated-in-east-africa-in-1941countrystudies.us/ethiopia/19.htmhttps://www.sahistory.org.za/article/remembering-battle-adwa britannica.com/topic/history-of-Ethiopia/The-rise-and-reign-of-Haile-Selassie-I-1916-74Vecteezy.com *****************************************************************************Music: Epidemic Sound#haileselassie #ethiopia
Kenya Protests Explained African Biographics 2024-06-25 | Kenyans are protesting against a new finance bill that introduces unpopular tax proposals, igniting widespread anger across the nation. Demonstrators are upset with the bill, which President William Ruto argues is necessary to address heavy public debt.The controversial bill contains provisions seen as imposing extra burdens on ordinary citizens and businesses, sparking an outcry from a public already struggling with the high cost of living.Although the government has withdrawn some of the contentious proposals, it has done little to alleviate public anger.************************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube StudiO#Kenya #ruto
Battle of Mogadishu: Black Hawk Down | Documentary African Biographics 2024-06-14 | On October 3, 1993, the streets of Mogadishu plunged into chaos as U.S. forces clashed in a deadly battle that would be remembered as the battle of mogadishu/ Black Hawk Down. The roots of the battle can be traced to Somalia's civil war, the fall of a dictatorship, and a humanitarian crisis that prompted international intervention.The U.N. launched Operation Restore Hope to provide relief, but the U.S. attempt to capture warlord Mohamed Farah Aidid escalated into a deadly battle.**************************************************************************Sources:Martin Meredith- State of Africa After IndependenceGuy Arnold - Africa A Modern Historyjstor.org/stable/resrep19550.13 pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/etc/cron.html blackpast.org/global-african-history/events-global-african-history/the-battle-of-mogadishu-1993 peacekeeping.un.org/mission/past/unosom2backgr2.html waaytv.com/news/remembering-mogadishu/remembering-mogadishu-what-happened-to-mohamed-farrah-aidid/article_efd3c3f2-6161-11ee-9d6d-47f8d35d5331.htmlpbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ambush/etc/cron.html responsiblestatecraft.org/black-hawk-down-somaliabritannica.com/topic/Battle-of-Mogadishu thoughtco.com/battle-of-mogadishu-4153921 bbc.com/news/av/magazine-38808175nytimes.com/2023/10/02/opinion/bowden-mogadishu-black-hawk-down.html storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/ee173e699159417cbff0d41f47f5d6dd - step by step account of the dayhttp://www.unairpower.net/chapter-12-air-operations-in-somalia-lblack-hawk-downr-revisited ***************************************************************************Videos:youtube.com/watch?v=eYTq8MOIJvo ; Courtesy; William J. Clinton Presidential Library youtube.com/watch?v=EO8R4ViE2Ycyoutube.com/watch?v=mi-MESF4cO0 **************************************************************************Music:Epidemic Sound
The Rise and Rise of Jacob Zumas MK Party | South Africa Elections African Biographics 2024-06-02 | In South Africa, the biggest winner in the recently concluded elections thi is former President Jacob Zuma, whose newly formed uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) party has exceeded expectations and emerged as a major factor in the African National Congress' sharp drop in support.The uMkhonto weSizwe (MK) Party used Jacob Zuma's popularity and exploited the ANC government's failures to arrest long-standing load shedding and water crises, as well as perceived abandonment of the Zulu traditional leadership, to ascend to the highest office in KwaZulu-Natal.This is the story of the rise and rise of Jacob Zuma’s MK party.*********************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYoutube Studio#jacobzuma #southafrica #zuma
How South Sudan Defied All Odds to Win Independence (Documentary) African Biographics 2024-05-31 | On 9 July 2011 South Sudan held its formal independence ceremony in Juba, an event that marked a departure for Africa. Most African countries became independent on a negotiated “transfer of power” from a colonial authority to a new national elite. South Sudan’s independence came from the directly expressed will of its people. The journey to independence for the people of South Sudan is a saga of resilience, determination, and unwavering hope. Spanning nearly two centuries, from 1821 to 2011, this path was marked by relentless struggles and profound hardships. Southern Sudanese endured oppressive colonial rule, only to find themselves under the grip of radical Islamic regimes in Khartoum. Despite these challenges, the indomitable spirit of South Sudan’s people remained unbroken. Their relentless pursuit of freedom and self-determination culminated in the historic independence ceremony on July 9, 2011, in Juba.**************************************************************************Sources:The Nimeiri Regime and the Oil Debate, 1980–83 The Sudan: Civil War and Peace-Making, Sara BashaMartin Meredith, State of Africa After Independenceconcern.net/news/south-sudan-history-timeline https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Hornet/sd_machar.html newafricanmagazine.com/7922 carnegieendowment.org/2019/12/12/brief-guide-to-south-sudan-s-fragile-peace-pub-80570amazon.com/History-South-Sudan-Slavery-Independence/dp/0521133254https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1095&context=cibhttps://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/jch/article/download/3710/3474/6982https://scholarworks.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1025&context=intl-std-thesesfrance24.com/en/live-news/20210709-riek-machar-wily-warlord-with-pivotal-role-in-south-sudan-s-bloody-historytheguardian.com/world/gallery/2014/dec/08/sp-sudan-history-in-picturesirp.fas.org/world/para/spla.htmbritannica.com/place/South-Sudan/Resumption-of-civil-war encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/south-sudan radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/opinion-the-long-road-to-south-sudans-statehood-a-history-of-struggle-and-triumph enoughproject.org/blog/enough-101-what-abyei-area-and-why-it-disputed bbc.com/news/world-africa-53147864 video clips:youtube.com/watch?v=DbyOxXWGPyo youtube.com/watch?v=9o3Dqpqucyg youtube.com/watch?v=ZYXtH4eNIaQ youtube.com/watch?v=oo_7Xrr-OmI youtube.com/watch?v=I1rBaYjlyzQ&t=51s youtube.com/watch?v=H1bL1Qir4AE youtube.com/watch?v=cZ2YojId3Jk youtube.com/watch?v=RmgL0wHoj5Y youtube.com/watch?v=KzXXSODCIKA youtube.com/watch?v=KkjfhaRH2WY youtube.com/watch?v=dLr2LRcPcio youtube.com/watch?v=aM-dd4_JYsQ youtube.com/watch?v=KB5eNauNhs4 youtube.com/watch?v=jufGelg3w6U youtube.com/watch?v=MQaQBjSHErY youtube.com/watch?v=zSXoeqoIwL4&t=394s youtube.com/watch?v=nKzpUCv5Olo youtube.com/watch?v=7z3SsT-FW7Q ]youtube.com/watch?v=PSZjSiwY_Hw&t=7s youtube.com/watch?v=HzQ-pKb7B9g *************************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube StudioMeditation Impromptu 03 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100161Artist: http://incompetech.com
Entebbe Raid : The Israeli Raid that humiliated Idi Amin of Uganda African Biographics 2024-05-08 | In 1976, an airplane hijacking unfolded that would change history. Air France Flight 139, en route from Tel Aviv, Israel to Paris, France fell into the hands of terrorists. Led by members of the German Baader-Meinhof group and Palestinians from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), the plane was diverted to Entebbe, Uganda. There, Idi Amin, fueled by frustration over his country’s deteriorating relations with Israel, welcomed the hijackers with seemingly open arms. This set the stage for a daring Israeli rescue mission, an operation that would not only free hostages but also deliver a blow to Amin's regime. ***************************************************************************Sources:https://www.idf.il/en/mini-sites/wars-and-operations/operation-entebbe/ jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-entebbe-rescue-operation nytimes.com/1976/07/06/archives/amin-says-uganda-retains-the-right-to-reply-to-raid-bids-un-condemn.htmlnewyorker.com/news/news-desk/idi-amins-israeli-connectionjcpa.org/article/israeli-ugandan-relations-in-the-time-of-idi-amin/: ISRAELI-UGANDAN RELATIONS IN THE TIME OF IDI AMINAuthor(s): Arye Oded, Source: Jewish Political Studies Review , Fall 2006, Vol. 18, No. 3/4 (Fall 2006), pp. 65-79 https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/amin-the-reliable-helmsman-falls-out-with-the-israelis-1525560jta.org/2003/08/20/lifestyle/idi-amin-and-israelhistory.com/topics/middle-east/plo https://nation.africa/kenya/news/entebbe-raid-humiliated-amin-nearly-caused-east-african-war-1213928 ***************************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYouTube Studio#IdiAmin #EntebbeRaid #OperationThunderbolt
Why Samuel Doe Staged a Bloody Coup in 1980 African Biographics 2024-04-26 | April 12th, 1980, stands as a significant turning point in Liberia's history, known as Africa's first republic. On this day, Master Sergeant Samuel Doe orchestrated a bold coup d'état in Monrovia, overthrowing President William R. Tolbert Jr.'s government and reshaping Liberia's trajectory forever.This pivotal event not only destabilized Liberia politically but also reverberated across the region, ushering in a new era fraught with both hope and uncertainty. Some saw it as the inevitable removal of an entrenched 'oppressive regime', others as a 'retro- grade action'.In this episode of African Biographics, we explore the circumstances that paved the way for this momentous occasion, uncovering a multifaceted landscape characterized by social upheaval, economic disparity, and political disillusionment. These factors together made Samuel Doe and his associates to seize power.***********************************************************************Sources:The Liberian Coup in Perspective, J. Gus Liebenow, Current History, Vol. 80, No. 464, AFRICA, 1981 (MARCH, 1981), pp. 101-105, 131-134 (9) State of Africa After Independence, Martine MeredithAfrica, A modern history, Guy ArnoldEncyclopedia of African History, Kevin Shillingtonadst.org/2015/11/surviving-the-coup-that-transformed-liberiaweb.archive.org/web/20070712125929/http://www.ictj.org/static/Africa/Liberia/BriefHistory.pdf web.archive.org/web/20080928150953/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C924057%2C00.html liberiapastandpresent.org/SamuelKDoe.htm bpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/wp.towson.edu/dist/b/55/files/2019/11/Spring-1994-Article-2.pdf history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/liberia https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/liberia washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/04/23/liberian-soldiers-taunt-shoot-13-former-leaders/426da72b-a4b8-4c76-b958-10da2112321e refworld.org/reference/countryrep/amnesty/2006/en/96673********************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYoutube Studio
An Honest Explanation of the Rwanda Genocide (Documentary) African Biographics 2024-04-05 | In the vibrant tapestry of human history, there exist moments of profound darkness, where the hues of despair and cruelty stain the canvas of time. Among these somber chapters stands the Rwandan genocide, a harrowing testament to the fragility of peace and the depths of human brutality. The roots of the Rwandan genocide stretch back through the annals of time, entwined with a colonial legacy that sowed seeds of division and resentment among its people.**********************************************************************Sources:The State of Africa, by Martin MeredithAfrica: A Modern History, Guy ArnoldEncyclopedia of African History, Kevin Shillingtonhrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno15-8-02.htm theguardian.com/world/1994/apr/12/rwanda.fromthearchive https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/report-independent-inquiry-actions-united-nations-during-1994-genocide-rwandawashingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/10/30/tribal-massacres-ravage-burundi/2ce12135-2139-4b78-a89b-f9bcf19b0992 blackpast.org/global-african-history/groups-organizations-global-african-history/interahamwe-1992blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/gregoire-kayibanda-1924-1976***************************************************************************Music:Epidemic Sound
Bassirou Diomaye Faye: Senegals Young and Radical New President African Biographics 2024-03-25 | In Senegal’s where presidential elections were held over the weekend, a new figure has emerged, igniting flames of passion and stirring the hearts of the nation's people with promises of change and renewal. A victory in the first round appears likely for the opposition candidate, 44 year old Bassirou Diomaye Faye. Pitching himself as part of a new generation of politicians, Bassirou Diomaye Faye believes in national sovereignty, a fairer distribution of wealth, and reform of what he sees as a corrupt justice system.His party also says that it wants to do away with the French "economic stranglehold" on Senegal. Sonko proposes to leave the CFA franc… While we are waiting for official confirmations, now is the right time to profile Bassirou Diomaye Faye, the 44 year old who looks set to be the next president of Senegal and also become West Africa’s youngest democratically elected president.************************************************************************Sources:aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/25/senegal-election-results-who-is-diomaye-faye-tipped-to-be-next-president france24.com/en/africa/20240325-senegal-ruling-coalition-presidential-hopeful-ba-congratulates-opposition-candidate-faye theafricareport.com/341588/senegal-election-bassirou-diomaye-fayes-camp-claims-victory https://www.lemonde.fr/en/le-monde-africa/article/2024/03/23/senegal-presidential-election-bassirou-diomaye-faye-ousmane-sonko-s-plan-b_6647601_124.html barrons.com/news/senegal-s-bassirou-diomaye-faye-steps-into-presidential-spotlight-5ae31151 aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/15/we-want-sonko-senegal-opposition-boosted-after-leaders-freed-before-vote bbc.com/news/world-africa-68656967 **********************************************************************Music:Epidemic Sound#Senegal #bassiroudiomayefaye #sonko
Why Niger Has Kicked Out the US Military African Biographics 2024-03-17 | Late on Saturday 16 March 2024, Niger’s military junta announced that it has ended an accord with the US that allowed military personnel and civilian staff from the US Department of Defense to operate in Niger. This announcement came days after Niger held high-level talks with US diplomatic and military officials last week.************************************************************************Sources:reuters.com/world/africa/niger-revokes-military-accord-with-us-junta-spokesperson-says-2024-03-16theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/17/niger-junta-repudiates-deal-allowing-us-military-bases-on-its-soil#:~:text=Niger's%20ruling%20military%20junta%20says,civilian%20staff%20on%20its%20soil. france24.com/en/live-news/20231010-france-turns-a-page-as-troops-begin-leaving-coup-hit-niger stratnewsglobal.com/world-news/niger-breaks-off-military-agreement-with-us africanews.com/2023/09/25/us-to-evaluate-niger-ties-after-france-kicked-out/ twitter.com/LarryMadowo/status/1769252660308324549 voanews.com/a/niger-says-announces-end-to-military-cooperation-with-us/7530719.html edition.cnn.com/2024/03/16/africa/niger-ends-us-military-agreement-intl-hnk/index.html ne.usembassy.gov/policy-and-history/#:~:text=U.S.%2DNiger%20Relations,generally%20been%20close%20and%20friendly. edition.cnn.com/2018/05/10/politics/niger-american-troops-presence/index.html nytimes.com/2024/01/06/world/africa/niger-us-air-base.html *************************************************************Music:Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvpArtist: http://chriszabriskie.com Horizons by Scott Buckley:Music by Scott Buckley www.scottbuckley.com.au CC BY-SA 4.0French Fuse | Rain Fuse Kai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0 Kai Engel - Summer Days, CC BY-SA 4.0 Epidemic SoundAllegro - Emit FennAlone - Emit Fenn#Niger #nigercoup #NigerJunta
The Rise and Rise of Abiy Ahmed of Ethiopia African Biographics 2024-03-10 | The Ethiopian Prime Minister, Abiy Ahmed Ali, stands out as one of the youngest leaders in East Africa and the entire African continent. He rose to power at the age of 42 in February 2018, following the resignation of his predecessor Prime Minister Hailemarian Desalegn, he quickly exemplified himself as a peacemaker and a collaborative international leader. He ended Ethiopia’s long-running border disputes with EritreaAbiy Ahmed's rapprochement with Eritrea earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019, but his aura then seriously faded when he sent the federal army to quell the rebellious authorities of the northern region of Tigray. The war in Tigray, which lasted from November 2020 to November 2022, claimed several hundred thousand lives. His journey from darling of the international community to condemnation has been swift. *******************************************************************Sources:newyorker.com/magazine/2022/10/03/did-a-nobel-peace-laureate-stoke-a-civil-war blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/abiy-ahmed-1976 amp.cnn.com/cnn/2021/09/07/africa/abiy-ahmed-ethiopia-tigray-conflict-cmd-intl/index.htmlhttps://www.politico.eu/article/the-shine-comes-off-ethiopias-pm-abiy-ahmed/ allaboutethio.com/abiy-ahmed-biography-full-account-life-story.htmlnobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2019/abiy/biographical bbc.com/news/world-africa-43567007.amp britannica.com/biography/Abiy-Ahmed peoplesdispatch.org/2024/02/12/abiy-ahmed-faces-a-divided-ethiopia-and-growing-pressure cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-ethiopia reuters.com/world/africa/ethiopia-extends-state-emergency-amhara-2024-02-02theguardian.com/global-development/2024/feb/09/tigray-ethiopia-war-drought-aid-suspended-hunger-crisis-death-desperation The age of the strongman : how the cult of the leader threatens democracy around the world by Rachman, Gideonedition.cnn.com/2021/09/07/africa/abiy-ahmed-ethiopia-tigray-conflict-cmd-intl/index.htmlBiography of Abiy Ahmed PRIME MINISTER OF ETHIOPIA by Amy McKennahumanrightspulse.com/mastercontentblog/premature-laurels-precarious-commitment-the-unfortunate-trend-of-nobel-peace-prize-laureates-who-violate-peace-itself theafricareport.com/338874/pm-abiy-ahmeds-self-made-famine-stalks-ethiopiacfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-ethiopia ft.com/content/4a093481-5cc7-42ac-90b8-c93a0264184a **************************************************************************Music:John Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvpArtist: http://chriszabriskie.comKai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0Realness by Kai Engel, CC BY-SA 4.0Summer Days by Kai Engel, CC BY-SA 4.0Epidemic SoundFrench Fuse | Rain Fuse #abiyahmed #ethiopia #tigray
Russia Officially Deploys Troops To Burkina Faso African Biographics 2024-03-02 | On Jan. 24 2024, Russia’s newly formed Africa Corps published the first images of a deployment to Burkina Faso on its Telegram channel. According to a statement, this Russian contingent of 100 people was deployed to ensure the safety of the country’s leader, Ibrahim Traoré, and the Burkinabe people from terrorist attacks.The deployment to Burkina Faso has fueled intense speculation on the restructuring of the Russian private military company Wagner Group’s operations in Africa since the death of its founders, Yevgeny Prigozhin and Dmitry Utkin, in a plane crash in August 2023. From the Central African Republic (CAR) to Libya, through Mali and Sudan, Russia has been consistently gaining ground across Africa over the past decade. Moscow owes its successes on the continent in large part to one man, the late Yevgeny Prigozhin, who led the notorious Wagner Group. ***********************************************************************Sources:Russian Para-Military Operations in Africa: The Wagner Group as a De Facto Foreign Policy Instrumentbbc.com/news/world-africa-68322230.ampcfr.org/backgrounder/russias-growing-footprint-africacnbc.com/amp/2024/02/12/russias-wagner-group-expands-into-africas-sahel-with-a-new-brand.htmlafricanews.com/amp/2023/07/25/wagner-in-africa-a-flourishing-future-but-in-what-formbbc.com/news/world-africa-66614766.ampadf-magazine.com/2024/02/burkina-faso-opens-door-for-russias-africa-corpsdw.com/en/after-wagner-russia-makes-new-military-plans-in-africa/a-68213643trtafrika.com/africa/russia-delivers-200000-tonnes-of-grain-to-six-african-countries-17069387csis.org/analysis/post-prigozhin-russia-africa-regaining-or-losing-controlissafrica.org/iss-today/wagner-is-being-used-in-africa-as-a-proxy-to-target-civilians france24.com/en/africa/20231013-burkina-faso-signs-agreement-with-russia-for-nuclear-power-plant**********************************************************************Music:Kai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0 Kai Engel - Summer Days, CC BY-SA 4.0 Epidemic SoundHarbor by Kai Engel, CC BY-SA 4.0 Realness by Kai Engel, CC BY-SA 4.0 #Wagner #Russia #burkinafaso
The Origins of Congos M23 Rebels | Congo Crisis African Biographics 2024-02-18 | Over the past quarter of a century, the resource-rich eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo have served as operating bases for multiple rebel groups. The March 23 Movement commonly known as M23 is among more than 100 armed groups operating in this region where conflict is escalating, especially in recent months. For some, M23 is an expression of popular anger over a dysfunctional Congolese government, corruption and abuses – abuses, historically, that have been particularly felt by Congolese of Rwandan origin. While for others, it is the latest in a long line of Rwandan-linked rebel movements that represented a proxy for the economic or security ambitions of Rwanda. In this episode of african biorgaphics, we look at the origins of congos’s m23 rebels who are currently wreaking havoc in the country. *******************************************************************Sources:ipisresearch.be/weekly-briefing/why-m23-is-not-your-average-rebel-group https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/10/26/democratic-republic-of-congo-rocked-by-new-m23-rebel-offensive_6206156_4.html theafricareport.com/333737/drc-will-sadc-forces-go-to-the-frontline-against-the-m23 theafricareport.com/330204/burundian-forces-depart-congo-as-part-of-eac-pullout bbc.com/news/world-africa-67669187 washingtonpost.com/world/africa/congos-m23-rebel-group-ends-its-insurgency/2013/11/05/fdbbf56e-462a-11e3-bf0c-cebf37c6f484_story.html theconversation.com/m23-four-things-you-should-know-about-the-rebel-groups-campaign-in-rwanda-drc-conflict-195020 aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/30/dr-congo-expels-rwandan-ambassador-as-m23-rebels-gain-ground https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/why-congos-m23-crisis-lingers gisreportsonline.com/r/drc-war corporate.dw.com/en/why-do-tensions-between-dr-congo-and-rwanda-persist/a-61986202assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5c190ffde5274a466da21704/DRC_case_study.pdf https://www.lemonde.fr/en/opinion/article/2023/01/31/the-democratic-republic-of-congo-a-helpless-giant-against-rwandan-interference_6013762_23.html cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/violence-democratic-republic-congo The International Criminal Court and Atrocities in DRC: A Case Study of the RCD-Goma (Nkunda Faction)/CNDP/M23 Rebel Group ***********************************************************************Music:Kai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Nocturne, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Realness, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Summer Days, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Silence, CC BY-SA 4.0John Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvpArtist: http://chriszabriskie.comDrums of the Deep by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1400021Artist: http://incompetech.comEpidemic Sound#DRC #m23 #CONGOCRISIS
Why Kenyas Airforce Launched a Bloody Coup in 1982 African Biographics 2024-02-10 | In the pre-dawn hours of August 1, 1982, the heart of Kenya's political landscape pulsated with an audacious rhythm, as a group of dissatisfied lower ranking airforce officers embarked on a daring endeavor that would etch its mark on the nation's history. The air crackled with tension as the stage was set for a coup d'etat, a dramatic plot twist in Kenya's political narrative… This was the first attempted coup in this East African nation... As the rebels seized key installations and the radio waves crackled with fiery declarations, the fate of the government of President Daniel arap Moi hung in precarious balance….This is the story of Kenya’s abortive coup of 1 August 1982.****************************************************************************Sources:nytimes.com/1982/08/02/world/president-of-kenya-announces-crushing-of-attempted-coup.html washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/08/09/how-kenyas-rebels-botched-their-coup/ca1fdf2f-3961-476f-a682-45be109e583f https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/lifestyle/2020-08-01-amateurish-how-1982s-attempted-coup-flopped/csmonitor.com/1982/0804/080460.html upi.com/Archives/1982/08/08/Rebels-lost-their-nerve/8011397627200 upi.com/Archives/1982/08/09/Failed-coup-symptom-of-Kenyas-problems/9719397713600 https://www.citizen.digital/news/moi-and-the-1982-coup-fight-that-retained-power-291460 africanlii.org/articles/2021-10-08/carmel-rickard/long-struggle-for-justice-after-failed-kenya-coup How Not to Institutionalize Civilian Control: Kenya's Coup Prevention Strategies, 1964-1997BOUBACAR N'DIAYEKenya's Year of Discontent, Patricia Stamp, Current History, Vol. 82, No. 482, Africa, 1983 (MARCH, 1983), pp. 102-105, 126-127 (6 pages)nytimes.com/1982/08/29/world/leader-of-kenyan-coup-attempt-said-to-have-been-a-private.html Abortive Coup in Kenya Instigated by Junior Air Force Personnel Against the Government of President Daniel arap Moi, Adeyinka Makinde, Published 2021 https://www.academia.edu/50856772/Abortive_Coup_in_Kenya_Instigated_by_Junior_Air_Force_Personnel_Against_the_Government_of_President_Daniel_arap_Moi *****************************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundYoutube Studio#Kenya #ArapMoi #coupdetat
Why Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger formed Alliance of Sahel States African Biographics 2024-01-29 | On Sunday 28 January, Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, announced they were leaving the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) immediately. All three countries, which were founding members of ECOWAS in 1975, are currently led by military officials..Now this decision by the three countries, announced in a joint statement read out on Niger national television, is a blow to ECOWAS integration efforts after it suspended the three countries following military takeovers. Relations between Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger and the regional bloc have deteriorated for months and this is the latest chapter of this story…#ibrahimtraoré #allianceofsahelstates #ecowas
Crazy Story of When a Military Junta Arrested a Team for Losing at AFCON African Biographics 2024-01-26 | In Early February 2000, when the Ivory Coast unexpectedly tumbled out of the African Nations Cup at the first hurdle, the military junta took the extraordinary step of detaining the entire squad at a military training camp. Since staging this West African country's first military coup last Dec. 24, the army has not shied away from trying on new roles besides politics. In this case it decided to meddle into footballing affairs to teach the players “a civic lesson” because they had shown “indicipline,”.This is the bizarre story of the Ivorian National Football team who were detained by the Junta after their dismall performance at the 2000 AFCON tournament. Sources:wsc.co.uk/the-archive/caging-the-elephantsnytimes.com/2000/05/03/world/army-rule-has-ivory-coast-on-hands-and-knees.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/football/africa/cup_of_nations/cup_news/630204.stm https://mg.co.za/article/2000-02-03-detained-ivorian-players-arrive-in-abidjan/ https://www.iol.co.za/sport/losers-welcome-for-ivorian-soccer-team-333899 britannica.com/sports/Africa-Cup-of-Nationsafricanews.com/2016/02/18/ivory-coast-3-soldiers-sentenced-to-life-for-the-murder-of-general-guei/ Music:French Fuse | Rain Fuse Kai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0 Kai Engel - Summer Days, CC BY-SA 4.0 Epidemic Sound#afcon2024 #cotedivoire
The Humiliating Fall of Mengistu: Ethiopias Brutal Dictator African Biographics 2024-01-17 | Mengistu Haile Mariam, the army colonel who became a hard-line Marxist was little known to the outside world when he led a group of army officers, known as the Derg, in the overthrow of Emperor Haile Selassie in September 1974. Three years later, in 1977, Mengistu cemented his authority when he survived a gun-battle in which he allegedly took a revolver and shot to death five top political opponents. This happened in the former emperor's palace….Initially, Mengistu made profound social and economic changes in Ethiopia, transforming its highly feudal society into a socialist state. The estates of the landowning class were seized, and the land was redistributed to peasants.**********************************************************************Africa A Modern History, Guy ArnoldThe Lion Sleeps Tonight, Author(s): Riccardo Orizio and Avril Bardoni, Source: Transition , 2001, No. 89 (2001), pp. 20-43ETHIOPIA ON THE VERGE OF DISASTER, Author(s): David A. Korn, Source: Journal of Third World Studies latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-04-wr-109-story.html theafricareport.com/130260/ethiopias-mengistu-rwandas-mpiranya-two-africans-wanted-for-genocide https://mg.co.za/article/1999-12-08-mengistu-flees-sa/ https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/ethiopians-follow-zimbabwe-events-with-mengistu-in-mind/968413 https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-06-06-zimbabwe-hints-at-sending-genocide-fugitive-mengistu-home-to-ethiopia-to-face-justice-but-critics-arent-buying-it/ washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/05/22/mengistu-leaves-ethiopia-in-shambles/77631652-4cfb-469a-8af0-d292f1ecc5ec refworld.org/docid/3ae6a6b414.html britannica.com/biography/Mengistu-Haile-Mariam martinplaut.com/2021/10/31/remember-when-the-last-ethiopian-strongman-fell-mengistu-fled-to-zimbabwe-may-1991 hrw.org/news/1999/11/24/ethiopian-dictator-mengistu-haile-mariam http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/575405.stm *****************************************************************Music:Cambodian Odyssey by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100585Artist: http://incompetech.comFrench Fuse | Rain Fuse Kai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0 Kai Engel - Summer Days, CC BY-SA 4.0 Epidemic SoundEnter the Maze by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100782 Artist: http://incompetech.com French Fuse | Rain Fuse
Ghana Must Go! Sad Story of Why Nigeria Expelled 1 Million Ghanaians African Biographics 2023-12-30 | On 17 January 1983, Nigeria’s President Shehu Shagari issued an executive order that expelled two million undocumented West African migrants. About 1 million of them were from Ghana… These West African immigrants had been attracted to Nigeria because of the 1970s oil boom, but by 1983 the economy had weakened, and it was an election year. The Nigerian politicians hoped the expulsion would prove popular. Across Nigeria, up to two million migrants heard the warnings of arrest, prosecution and forced deportation if they didn’t comply. Shagari’s policy strained relationships between the two countries and it took years for mutual respect to be reinstalled…………**************************************************************************Sources:https://atavist.mg.co.za/ghana-must-go-the-ugly-history-of-africas-most-famous-bag/ blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2017/08/14/ghana-must-go-containing-the-mayhem-of-migrationNigeria Under Shagari Author(s): Jon KrausResponses to the 1983 Expulsion of Aliens from, Nigeria: A Critiquelinkedin.com/pulse/ghana-must-go-how-love-lost-between-two-neighbours-birthed-hammed medium.com/the-original-impostor/where-does-ghana-must-go-come-from-a2df3d40076e Nigeria-Ghana Relations from 1960 to 2010: Roots of Convergence and Points of Departureafricasacountry.com/2019/05/the-complicated-political-legacy-of-jerry-rawlings ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/timeline.php washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/01/31/nigeria-expels-illegal-aliens/2e5fe7ed-077c-4732-927b-d087d92ee57a Illegals and Expulsion in Africa: The Nigerian Experience ***********************************************************************Music:Kai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0French Fuse | Rain Fuse Heartbreaking Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0Alone - Emit FennEpidemic Sound#Ghana #Nigeria #GhanaMustGo
How the Nguema Dynasty of Equatorial Guinea Have Kept Power for Over 55 years! African Biographics 2023-12-22 | For over 55 years since independence in October 1968, a single family has been in power in Equatorial Guinea without change. This is the Nguema Family of Equatorial Guinea. The world's longest-standing leader, President Teodoro Obiang of Equatorial Guinea has been in power for 44 years after he snatched power in a 1979 coup from his uncle Francisco Macias Nguema. Equatorial Guinea enjoyed only 5 months of independence before it was tossed into a nightmare of a brutal dictatorship of Macias Nguema that lasted for eleven years…. **************************************************************Sources:State of Africa After Independence, Martin Meredith, 2011Africa, A Modern History, Guy Arnold, 2015Equatorial Guinea: The Terror and the Coup, Author(s): Simon BaynhamEQUATORIAL GUINEA: Staying Power, Author(s): Adam RobertsPolitical History of Equatorial Guinea: “The Rise and Entrenchment of Nguemism” (Geoffrey Wood, 2004)Zuber, D. (2022, March 27). Francisco Macias Nguema (1924-1979). BlackPast.org.https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/francisco-macias-nguema-1924-1979/Monsters : history's most evil men and women by Sebag Montefiore, Simon, 1965Equatorial Guinea : an African tragedy by Fegley, Randall, 1955Africa by Wiafe-Amoako, Francis,Human Rights Quarterly 2011-08: Vol 33 Iss 3bbc.com/news/world-africa-63770351hrw.org/news/2017/06/15/equatorial-guinea-oil-wealth-squandered-and-stolen Small is not always beautiful : the story of Equatorial Guinea by Liniger-Goumaz, MaxTHE WORLD’S 20 WORST LIVING DICTATORS, DAVID WALLECHINSKYbritannica.com/place/Bioko enca.com/news/yacht-homes-equatorial-guinea-vp-seized-sa*********************************************************************Music:John Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvpArtist: http://chriszabriskie.com Horizons by Scott Buckley:Music by Scott Buckley www.scottbuckley.com.au CC BY-SA 4.0French Fuse | Rain Fuse Kai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0 Kai Engel - Summer Days, CC BY-SA 4.0 Epidemic Sound#equatorialguinea #Nguema #TeodoroObiang
Jean-Bédel Bokassa: Africas Craziest Dictator who Crowned Himself Emperor African Biographics 2023-12-15 | On December 4, 1977, a very unusual event took place in the heart of Africa. This was the coronation of Emperor Bokassa of the appropriately named Central African Empire, with a pomp and style patterned in much detail after that of Emperor Napoleon I in 1804.The man at the centre of all of this was Jean-Bedel Bokassa. His career as dictator of the Central African Republic combined not only extreme greed and personal violence but delusions of grandeur unsurpassed by any other African leader.He was prone to towering rages as well as outbursts of sentimentality; and he also gained a reputation for cannibalism.For a time, Jean-Bédel Bokassa, who came to be known as the “Butcher of Bangui,” was the very embodiment of the extravagant African tyrant. ***************************************************************************Sources:Dark age, the political odyssey of Emperor Bokassa- Brian TitleyAfrica: A Modern History - Guy ArnoldState of Africa After Independence - Martin MeredithEncyclopeadia of African History - Kevin Shiilingtonbritannica.com/topic/history-of-Central-African-Republic blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/david-dacko-1930-2003 independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-jeanbedel-bokassa-1350837.html https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/central-african-republic-1960-present/ https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-08-26-poetic-injustice-untellable-tales-of-human-flesh-eating-from-the-central-african-republic/ content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,945849-2,00.html The Coronation of Emperor Bokassa, Author(s): John H. Crabbnytimes.com/1977/12/05/archives/bokassa-crowns-himself-emperor-in-rich-central-african-pageant.html ************************************************************************Music:Epidemic SoundKai Engel - Harbor, CC BY-SA 4.0Arid Foothills - The Dark Contenent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100437Artist: http://incompetech.comNight Music - Kevin MacLeod #Bokassa #AfricanDictator #africanhistory
Congos Complicated History: From Lumumba to the Kabilas | All Parts (1 - 4) African Biographics 2023-11-24 | This a compilation of the history of the complicated history of the Congo told through the lives of 4 of it's former leaders, Patrice Lumumba, Mobutu Sese Seko, Laurent Kabila and his son Joseph Kabila.*********************************************************************Music:Interloper Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Meditation Impromptu 03 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100161Artist: http://incompetech.comHorizons, Music by Scott Buckley www.scottbuckley.com.au CC BY-SA 4.0Scott Buckley - 'Extrapolation' [Ambient Piano & Strings CC-BY], by Scott Buckley www.scottbuckley.com.au CC BY-SA 4.0'Solace' [Calm Piano & Strings CC-BY] - Scott Buckley by Scott Buckley www.scottbuckley.com.au CC BY-SA 4.0John Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvpArtist: http://chriszabriskie.comFrench Fuse | Rain FuseKai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Silence, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Summer Days, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Realness, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Harbor, CC BY-SA 4.0Mercy by Kai EngelArid Foothills - The Dark Contenent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100437Artist: http://incompetech.comNight Music - Kevin MacLeod Epidemic Sound,
Who is Liberias New President: Joseph Boakai African Biographics 2023-11-19 | On Friday 17 November, Joseph Boakai became Liberia’s new leader after his rival and sitting President George Weah conceded a tight election. This marks a peaceful transfer of power in a region that has recently seen many military coups. Joseph Boakai portrays himself as a simple man who rose from humble origins through hard work. According to his official website, against the odds he secured a good education by working as a cleaner to pay his fees. *****************************************************************Sources:bbc.com/news/world-africa-41837299 reuters.com/world/africa/after-decades-wings-liberias-quiet-man-boakai-set-presidency-2023-11-18joeboakai2023.com/about nytimes.com/2017/12/26/world/africa/liberia-presidency-runoff-weah-boakai.html barrons.com/news/joseph-boakai-political-veteran-set-to-lead-liberia-39601310 france24.com/en/20171226-joseph-boakai-liberian-vice-president-shaking-off-sleepy-imagealjazeera.com/news/2023/11/14/liberians-to-vote-for-president-in-tightly-contested-run-offtheafricareport.com/322931/liberia-weah-v-boakai-showdown-at-the-polls*************************************************************************Music:Arid Foothills - The Dark Contenent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100437Artist: http://incompetech.comFrench FuseEpidemic SoundAllegro - Emit FennAlone - Emit FennKai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0#JosephBoakai #georgeweah #Liberia
Mobutu Sese Seko – Power, Corruption, and the Collapse of a Dictatorship! African Biographics 2023-11-06 | On Saturday 17 May 1997, Laurent Kabila’s forces seized power marking the collapse of Zaire, the 32-year-old state which had been created by Mobutu Sese Seko out of the chaos of the original Congo, and sustained with the help at different periods of his Western allies Belgium, the United States and France.Mobutu Sese Seko's departure as the leader of Africa's third-largest country was one of the most significant events to shape post-colonial Africa and various analysts say that Mobutu created his own downfall with a mixture of extreme greed and shortsightedness…. *****************************************************************The Collapse of Zaïre: Implosion, Revolution or External Sabotage? Mel McNulty, The Journal of Modern African Studies , Vol. 37, No. 1 (Mar., 1999), pp. 53-82 (30 pages)csmonitor.com/1997/0519/051997.intl.intl.2.html medium.com/spraff/taming-the-leopard-the-rise-and-fall-of-mobutu-sese-seko-cbe4ab60142c blogs.lse.ac.uk/africaatlse/2017/09/07/in-the-shadow-of-the-great-helmsman-mobutu-sese-sekos-life-and-legacy-in-the-dr-congo issafrica.org/chapter-2-a-historical-perspective-on-corruption-in-the-drc economist.com/special/1997/03/20/the-last-days-of-mobutu https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/end-mobutus-dictatorship The End Of Mobutu's Dictatorship: https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/end-mobutus-dictatorship Africa, A Modern History, Guy Arnold.The State of Africa , Martin Meredith****************************************************************************Music:John Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvpArtist: http://chriszabriskie.comMercy by Kai EngelMusic by Scott Buckley www.scottbuckley.com.au CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0Night Music - Kevin MacLeod Epidemic SoundFrench Fuse | Rain Fuse
Miriam Makeba: The Musician who Fought Apartheid and was Exiled for 30 years African Biographics 2023-10-27 | This was Miriam Makeba, the legendary South African musician, who was known as Mama Africa and the Empress of African song. Miriam Makeba was well known for her unforgettable voice, but no one can deny she played an even bigger part in South African history.She was one of the most visible and outspoken opponents of South Africa's apartheid regime from the 1950s till its dismantling in the early 1990s. Makeba was the quintessential freedom fighter who during the repressive apartheid regime decided to boldly use her music to directly criticize the apartheid government. This was by no means an easy task, but one that only a true warrior like herself could undertake. Miriam Makeba did not care about the consequences because freedom for the oppressed was what fuelled her passion, in spite of the harassment she received from the government.……Sources: https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/miriam-makeba https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/biography-miriam-makeba-narcy-negrete britannica.com/biography/Miriam-Makeba theconversation.com/the-legacy-of-iconic-singer-miriam-makeba-and-her-art-of-activism-178230 blackpast.org/global-african-history/makeba-miriam-1932-2008 theguardian.com/music/2008/nov/11/miriam-makeba-obituary pan-african-music.com/en/miriam-makeba-and-the-fight-goes-on miriammakeba.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=24&Itemid=207 theafricareport.com/94149/miriam-makeba-pata-pata-from-insignificant-ditty-to-anti-apartheid-anthem amplifyafrica.org/the-story-of-miriam-makeba-aka-mama-africa https://www.gov.za/k-motlanthe-tribute-miriam-makeba-assembly-african-union# c-litchmo.medium.com/miriam-makeba-uses-the-sounds-of-the-townships-to-challenge-apartheid-3da0005c713f mccarter.org/season/2021-2022/PDP/dreaming-zenzile/mama-africas-world en.unesco.org/womeninafrica/miriam-makeba/pedagogical-unit/3 artshelp.com/miriam-makeba Music:Meditation Impromptu 03 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100161Artist: http://incompetech.comEnter the Maze by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100782Artist: http://incompetech.comDrums of the Deep by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1400021Artist: http://incompetech.comMusic by Scott Buckley www.scottbuckley.com.au CC BY-SA 4.0Mercy by Kai Engel: CC BY-SA 4.0Harbor by Kai Engel: CC BY-SA 4.0Realness by Kai Engel: CC BY-SA 4.0Silence by Kai Engel : CC BY-SA 4.0Silence by Kai Engel is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial LicenseArid Foothills - The Dark Contenent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100437Artist: http://incompetech.comKai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Epidemic Sound
Egypts Complicated History : From Gamal Abdel Nasser to Hosni Mubarak | All Parts (1-3) African Biographics 2023-10-21 | This is complilation of a three part series on the history of Egypt told through the lives of three of its former leaders, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat and Hosni Mubarak.Music:Heartbreaking Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0Desert City by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100564Artist: http://incompetech.comJohn Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvp/Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com African Drums (Sting) by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Artist: http://www.twinmusicom.orgInterloper Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Meditation Impromptu 03 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100161Artist: http://incompetech.comEnter the Maze by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100782Artist: http://incompetech.comDrums of the Deep by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1400021Artist: http://incompetech.comMusic by Scott Buckley www.scottbuckley.com.au CC BY-SA 4.0Mercy by Kai Engel: CC BY-SA 4.0Harbor by Kai Engel: CC BY-SA 4.0Realness by Kai Engel: CC BY-SA 4.0Silence by Kai Engel : CC BY-SA 4.0Silence by Kai Engel is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial LicenseArid Foothills - The Dark Contenent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100437Artist: http://incompetech.comKai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0Allegro - Emit FennHarbor by Kai Engel, CC BY-SA 4.0#Egypt #Sadat #Nasser
Assimi Goïta: Mali’s Military Leader, Why Did He Grab Power? African Biographics 2023-10-13 | Since attaining independence in 1960, Mali has experienced 5 coups d’etat. Two of these happened in 2020 and 2021, in a space of just nine months. They were both led by the same man, Colonel Assimi Goita, who is now the interim President of the country. *********************************************************************Sources:theafricareport.com/172328/mali-who-really-is-assimi-goita-the-man-who-said-no-to-franceblackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/assimi-goita-1983aljazeera.com/amp/news/2021/6/7/coup-leader-assimi-goita-set-to-be-sworn-in-as-malis-presidentbbc.com/news/world-africa-66282417.amphttps://mg.co.za/africa/2021-06-02-assimi-goita-the-man-who-ousted-two-presidents-in-nine-months/africanews.com/amp/2023/04/21/mali-assimi-goitas-chief-of-staff-killed-in-an-ambushamp.dw.com/en/mali-assimi-goita-sworn-in-as-transitional-president/a-57798691https://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20200902-mali-s-black-panther-who-is-military-junta-leader-assimi-goita trtworld.com/africa/mali-s-interim-president-assimi-goita-survives-stabbing-attempt-48524 trtworld.com/magazine/a-timeline-of-malis-recent-political-instability-12757099 cfr.org/blog/malis-destination-unknown https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/paradox-of-africas-sahel-rich-in-minerals-but-in-the-grip-of-grinding-poverty/3015838 futureuae.com/en-US/Mainpage/Item/7097/filling-the-void-can-russia-bring-stability-to-mali https://cbap.cz/archiv/5194 aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/5/how-malis-military-fell-out-with-its-french-ally trtafrika.com/africa/mali-junta-postpones-presidential-elections-15124720 *********************************************************************Music from Epidemic Sound#Mali #AssimiGoita
Charles Taylor: The Rise and Fall of Liberias Warlord African Biographics 2023-10-08 | On Christmas Eve in 1989 a band of more than 150 insurgents crossed the border into northern Liberia from Côte d’Ivoire. They were members of a newly formed group, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), headed by a Liberian exile, Charles Taylor. These attacks, which launched a campaign to oust the dictatorship of President Samuel Doe, effectively triggered a war that brought the almost complete destruction of Africa's oldest republic.Charles Taylor, their leader, was a relatively obscure figure at the time, but he was to become West Africa’s most notorious warlord. He had the singular honor of starting a bloody civil war on Christmas Eve 1989 and subsequently winning both the presidential and parliamentary vote in an election declared free and fair by the international community.His story involves power, conflict, and a legacy that has had an indelible impact not just on Liberia, but on the entire West African region. ******************************************************************Sources:Charles Taylor and Liberia: Ambition and Atrocity in Africa's Lone Star State - Colin M WaughThe State of Africa - Martin MeredithAfrica, A Modern History - Guy Arnoldhistory.com/this-day-in-history/former-liberian-president-charles-taylor-found-guilty-of-war-crimes aljazeera.com/features/2012/1/21/accused-war-criminal-taylor-worked-with-ciaijmonitor.org/2010/08/charles-taylor-monthly-trial-report-june-2010theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/05/blood-diamondsijmonitor.org/charles-taylor-background/#:~:text=Taylor%20was%20placed%20in%20a,Special%20Court%20for%20Sierra%20Leone.https://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=ijliictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Liberia-Brief-History-2006-English.pdf ijmonitor.org/charles-taylor-background thoughtco.com/brief-history-of-liberia-4019127 Liberian History :static1.squarespace.com/static/56d744d6b6aa604e5ddd95d7/t/5728eb2401dbaec112cbe0d1/1462299438343/Liberia+History.pdf encyclopedia.com/people/history/african-history-biographies/samuel-kanyon-doe ****************************************************************Music:Harbor by Kai Engel Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC BY-SA 4.0Meditation Impromptu 03 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100161Artist: http://incompetech.comNight Music - Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0Heartbreaking Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0Epidemic MusicAlone - Emmit FennAllegro - Emmit FennSomewhere Fuse - French Fuse#CharlesTaylor #Liberia #SamuelDoe
How Captain Ibrahim Traoré Captured Burkina Faso African Biographics 2023-09-16 | In September 2022, Burkina Faso suffered its second coup in less than nine months. Then 34-year-old army captain, Ibrahim Traore, seized power, ousting Lieutenant Colonel Paul-Henri Damiba, who led a coup in January of that year, toppling former President Roch Kabore. Justifying why they were removing Damiba from office, Traore said in a televised address on October 1, 2022 that the embattled head of state had failed to tackle the perennial problem of insurgency that has been hitting Burkina Faso in recent years.When he was named as the leader of the coup plotters, certain observers pointed out his resemblance to Thomas Sankara. In addition to the red beret, Ibrahim Traoré –has several points in common with the national icon: both are captains, both came to power at the age of 34, and both are perpetrators of a coup against the military, which had itself come to power by force eight months earlier…**************************************************************************Music:John Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvpArtist: http://chriszabriskie.com**************************************************************************Sources:blackpast.org/global-african-history/ibrahim-traore-1988 trtafrika.com/insight/ibrahim-traore-why-burkina-fasos-leader-attracts-attention-14479334 theafricareport.com/245959/burkina-faso-ibrahim-traore-proclaimed-president-damiba-ousted bbc.com/news/world-africa-63117008 worldcrunch.com/world-affairs/ibrahim-traore-russia enca.com/analysis/34-burkinas-new-junta-chief-worlds-youngest-leader \theafricareport.com/246310/burkina-faso-who-is-ibrahim-traore-the-man-who-brought-down-damiba voaafrica.com/a/niger-s-military-led-neighbors-show-support-for-coup/7208300.html mronline.org/2023/08/05/burkina-fasos-president-traore-delivers-anti-imperialist-speech-at-russia-africa-summit gisreportsonline.com/r/burkina-faso seattletimes.com/business/frances-waning-influence-in-coup-hit-africa-appears-clear-while-few-remember-their-former-colonizer france24.com/en/live-news/20230908-burkina-arrests-three-soldiers-over-plot-against-regimefrontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpos.2023.1077945/full https://reliefweb.int/report/burkina-faso/vicious-cycle-reactionary-nature-militant-attacks-burkina-faso-and-mali africasacountry.com/2022/10/another-coup-in-burkina reuters.com/world/africa/burkina-faso-says-leader-discussed-possible-military-cooperation-with-russian-2023-08-31 ******************************************************************#burkinafaso #ibrahimtraoré
Gabons Ali Bongo: The Rise and Fall | Gabon Coup African Biographics 2023-09-01 | In the early hours of Wednesday 30 August 2023, military officers in Gabon announced they were seizing power from President Ali Bongo Ondimba in a stunning coup, threatening the Bongo family’s half-century rule over the central African nation. The soldiers said they were annulling the results of recent polls in which Ali Bongo had been declared the winner but the opposition said the election had been rigged. But who is Ali Bongo and how did Gabon get to this point? To some, he is a spoilt, playboy prince who saw ruling the oil-rich Gabon as his birthright. This one-time aspiring musician stepped into his father's shoes to continue his family's rule.In this episode of African Biographics, we cover the rise of Ali Bongo as well as events leading to his fall. *****************************************************************Sources:amp.dw.com/en/who-is-president-ali-bongo/a-46983878britannica.com/place/Gabon/Gabon-since-independence#ref1053025blackpast.org/global-african-history/ali-bongo-ondimba-1959bbc.com/news/world-africa-46074728.ampnews.sky.com/story/what-is-happening-in-gabon-and-who-is-ali-bongo-12950617 theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/30/gabon-coup-military-takeover-gabonese-election-disputed bbc.com/news/world-africa-66652015 pbs.org/newshour/world/gabons-president-deposed-in-coup-after-55-years-of-family-rule aljazeera.com/features/2023/8/26/one-family-has-led-gabon-for-56-years-can-this-election-bring-a-new-era *********************************************************************Music:Mercy by Kai EngelLesiscia by Kai EngelSummer Days by Kai EngelInterloper Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 John Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvpArtist: http://chriszabriskie.comFrench Fuse | Rain FuseKai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0#Gabon #AliBongo #OmarBongo
Thomas Sankara: An African Revolutionary, Why was He Killed? African Biographics 2023-08-18 | In the dusty heart of Burkina Faso, where the sun sears the barren earth and the wind whispers secrets of a turbulent past, a revolutionary’s voice rose, echoed, and reverberated across the African plains..This revolutionary was none other than Thomas Sankara, the late former president of Burkina Faso. Sankara rose to power in 1983, and he immediately became a committed, self-sacrificing rebel who, during his four years as leader of a small, impoverished nation, sought to improve the lives of ordinary people while at the same time projecting the country onto the international stage...***********************************************************Sources:Thomas Sankara, An African Revolutionary, By Ernest HarschThe Warrior of Corruption and Colonialism: The Thomas Sankara Model 1949-1987, Aftikar Mhussan SalhA Political Biography of Thomas Sankara, Amber MurreyAfrican contemporary records (annual survey and documents 1986-1987)- Collins Legum A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THOMAS ISIDORE NOEL SANKARA’S SERVANT LEADERSHIP STYLE OF GOVERNMENT IN BURKINA-FASO, Shaka Yesufubbc.com/news/world-africa-58842427britannica.com/biography/Thomas-SankaraThe Chronology of Military Coup d’états and Regimes in Burkina Faso: 1980-2015- Abdoulie Sawoencyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/sankara-thomas-1949-1987 The Legacies of Thomas Sankara: A Revolutionary Experience in Retrospect, Ernest Harschafricasacountry.com/2016/10/thomas-sankara-the-upright-man thecollector.com/thomas-sankara-burkina-faso-revolutionary worldhistoryedu.com/thomas-sankara-biography-presidency-achievements-burkina-faso mironline.ca/captain-thomas-sankara-the-upright-revolutionary Understanding Geopolitics from a Historical Perspective: The Burkina Faso Revolution, 1983-1987, by Vincent Gutierrez********************************************************************Music:Heartbreaking Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0John Stockton Slow Drag by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/uvpArtist: http://chriszabriskie.comMercy by Kai EngelHarbor by Kai EngelRealness by Kai EngelMeditation Impromptu 03 by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100161Artist: http://incompetech.comKai Engel - Lesicia, CC BY-SA 4.0Kai Engel - Norctune, CC BY-SA 4.0Night Music - Kevin MacLeod #Sankara #BurkinaFaso
Fela Kuti’s Dramatic Life🔥 #shorts #felakuti African Biographics 2023-08-18 | Full video found on @AfricanBiographics
Chad’s 🇹🇩 Brutal Dictator: Hissene Habré!! #shorts #dictators African Biographics 2023-08-17 | Full video found on @AfricanBiographics
