Condensed to Skeletal: The 5-Step Shortcut Chemistry in a Nutshell 2026-09-21 | Condensed to Skeletal: The 5-Step Shortcut
SN2 Reactions: Nucleophiles, Electrophiles, Leaving Groups Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-10-06 | Let's break down the SN2 reaction mechanism step-by-step, showing exactly how a nucleophile attacks an electrophile, how the leaving group departs, and why the whole process leads to steric inversion. Using clear diagrams and curved arrows, we'll walk through how to predict products, avoid common mistakes, and decide when SN2 CAN'T happen. Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions0:32 Bimolecular, Unimolecular, Concerted1:12 SN2 Generic Pattern3:46 Achiral Easier Example of SN26:16 Chiral Complex Example of SN27:46 Transition State of Chiral Example9:13 Steric Inversion / Chirality Flip Explanation10:30 Backside Attack10:45 Backside Attack (Simple Explanation)10:59 Backside Attack (Molecular Orbital Theory Explanation)11:44 When SN2 CAN'T happen12:02 Steric Hindrance Around Electrophile12:52 Steric Hindrance of Nucleophile13:12 Weaker bases make better leaving groups13:51 Strongest bases are the best nucleophilesCitations:Paula Yurkanis Bruice, "Organic Chemistry" 8th edopenstax.org/books/organic-chemistry/pages/11-2-the-sn2-reactionMusic by me: youtu.be/lL6AsbG07xY
The Lab Safety Tragedy of Dr. Karen Wetterhahn Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-08-04 | Why is lab safety important? A respected chemistry professor's death from dimethylmercury poisoning shook the scientific world. Just two drops of organic mercury penetrated her gloves, changing the way we think about lab safety forever. Learn what happened, what it revealed about the limitations of standard lab gloves, fume hoods, and chemistry lab safety research. This chemical disaster reshaped how labs around the world protect researchers, and it still saves lives today. 0:00 Who Was Dr. Karen Wetterhahn?0:49 The Spill: 2 Drops1:19 The Invisible Neurotoxin2:29 Why Gloves Didn’t Protect Her4:04 Symptoms Begin to Appear5:24 Treatment Attempts: Chelation Fails6:32 Hair Analysis Reveals the Truth6:58 Her Death Changed Lab Safety Forever8:04 Her Legacy in Every Lab TodayChem Lab Videos: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellCitations:science.org/content/article/mercury-poisoning-kills-lab-chemisthttps://sites.dartmouth.edu/toxmetal/about-us/a-tribute-to-karen-wetterhahn/cen.acs.org/safety/lab-safety/25-years-Karen-Wetterhahn-died-dimethylmercury-poisoning/100/i21en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_WetterhahnImages:"Baker-Library-Dartmouth-College-Hanover-New-Hampshire-05-2018a" by Gunnar Klack is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=openverse.Periodic Table used with permission from sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-tableAlice's Adventures in Wonderland Book Cover, Public Domain: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alice%27s_Adventures_in_Wonderland_by_Lewis_Carroll,_1907_book_cover_(cropped).jpg"Mercury1" by Wilco Oelen is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/?ref=openverse."Colored felt cloth" by Bastet78 is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/?ref=openverse."tophat-blue" by Sunshinetalia is licensed under CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/?ref=openverse.pixabay.com/illustrations/clouds-sky-cumulus-air-atmosphere-7081496"The Nervous System" OpenStax Psychology 2e, Figure 3.13: openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/3-3-parts-of-the-nervous-systemImage by Leo from Pixabay: pixabay.com/photos/face-mask-covid-19-epidemic-5024701Video by Simor Brough: pixabay.com/users/enchantedstudios-722609/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=video&utm_content=197974EDTA, Public Domain: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid#/media/File:Metal-EDTA.svgPhoto by ALEXGTACAR: pexels.com/photo/shallow-focus-photography-of-blue-alpine-car-1592384Photo by Steshka Croes: pexels.com/photo/white-baseball-ball-on-brown-leather-baseball-mitt-1661950"FMRI Brain Scan" by DrOONeil is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/?ref=openverse.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain#/media/File:1543,_Andreas_Vesalius'_Fabrica,_Base_Of_The_Brain.jpgImage by Ľubomír Šugár from Pixabay: pixabay.com/photos/blue-water-drop-macro-blue-drop-2796673#RealScienceTragedy #LabSafety #scienceexplained #chemistryeducation
How the Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom Was Born Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-07-28 | The Bohr model of the atom couldn't explain everything, especially when it came to electron behavior. See how that early model gave way to a new understanding of atomic orbitals, shaped by groundbreaking work from Louis de Broglie, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, and Paul Dirac. From wave-particle duality to the uncertainty principle, from electron probability clouds to relativistic equations, you'll discover how each of these physicists contributed to the creation of the quantum mechanical model of the atom.What is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 Bohr Model Limitations & Scientific Greats0:55 de Broglie’s Wave-Particle Duality Explained2:06 What Is Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle?3:07 Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Math: Step-by-Step5:43 What Heisenberg’s Results Really Mean6:32 Schrödinger’s Equation & Atomic Orbitals Visualized8:12 When Heisenberg & Schrödinger Agree (and Clash)8:25 What Are Atomic Orbitals?8:41 Dirac Predicts Electron Spin & Antimatter9:08 Quantum Atom Summary: TL;DR ExplainedCitations:openstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/2-2-evolution-of-atomic-theoryImages:By Walery, Polish-British, 1863-1929 - http://estonia.usembassy.gov, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1694470commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bee_Jackson_demonstrates_The_Charleston.jpgcommons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johnny_De_Droit_Jazz_Orchestra_promo_card.jpgBy Agence Rol - This image has been extracted from another file, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=159732407en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg#/media/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262,_Werner_Heisenberg.jpgen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger#/media/File:Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_-_Narodowe_Archiwum_Cyfrowe_(1-E-939).jpgBy Nobel Foundation - http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/dirac.html, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=624401OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Figure 6.13 Compare the two types of emission spectra: continuous spectrum of white light (top) and the linespectra of the light from excited sodium, hydrogen, calcium, and mercury atoms. Continuous spectrum and emission spectrum of calcium were used to show continuous and discrete spectra of a rainbow.Image by obBilde on Pixabay pixabay.com/photos/violin-music-instrument-1638742Periodic Table used with permission from sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-tableMusic:Music by Anastasia Chubarova from pixabay.com pixabay.com/users/music_for_videos-26992513/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=music&utm_content=161569
Isotopic Symbols Made Easy | Explanation & Practice Problems Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-07-23 | How do we write the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom or ion? With isotopic symbols! Also called nuclide symbols, atomic symbols, isotope notation, and atomic notation, they give the mass number, atomic number, and charge of an atom or ion. PRACTICE PROBLEMS INCLUDED!What is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellImage Credits:Periodic Table used with permission from sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-table0:00 Explanation of Isotopic Symbols6:06 My cat meows6:46 Meowing intensifies6:56 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Chadwicks Discovery of the Neutron Explained | When Neons Mass Didnt Add Up Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-07-21 | What is a neutron and how did we discover it? Learn what lead up to James Chadwick's discovery of the neutron: Confusion over 2 masses of neon, JJ Thomson and Francis Aston's early mass spectrometry (mass spectrograph), and Chadwick's groundbreaking radioactive experiments to discover the neutron. 0:00 Early Mass Spec (Mass Spectrograph) Experiments2:10 Puzzle of Neon's 2 Masses2:47 What We Already Knew About Atomic Structure3:18 Mysterious Gamma Radiation4:26 Chadwick's Experimental Set-Up6:35 Discovery of the Neutron7:20 Neon's 2 Masses ExplainedWhat is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellCitations:theanalyticalscientist.com/issues/2013/articles/sep/the-origins-of-mass-spectrometryopenstax.org/books/chemistry-2e/pages/2-2-evolution-of-atomic-theoryImages:By Not Mentioned - First World War.com, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2969861By Unknown author - http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1922/aston.html, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18253663By Francis William Aston - "Positive Ray Parabolas". Isotopes. London, England: Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd, 1922. Digital file made available by Science History Institute, at digital.sciencehistory.org/works/79407z32j, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2976526By The original uploader was Den fjättrade ankan at Swedish Wikipedia. - Källa:Dmitrij Ivanovitj Mendelejev (1834 - 1907). Originally from sv.wikipedia; description page is/was here., Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1574857James Chadwick Photo, commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Groves_and_Chadwick_830308.tif: Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by an employee or employees of the Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS), operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has rights to use, reproduce, and distribute this information. The public may copy and use this information without charge, provided that this Notice and any statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies. Neither the Government nor LANS makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the use of this information.Periodic Table used with permission from sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-tableMusic:Music by Anastasia Chubarova from pixabay.com pixabay.com/users/music_for_videos-26992513/?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=music&utm_content=161569
Bohr Model Practice Problems | Calculating Energy & Wavelength Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-07-09 | Put your knowledge to the test with these Bohr model practice problems! In this video, we walk step-by-step through two classic calculations involving electron transitions in the hydrogen atom.Perfect for general chemistry students, this clear explanation covers:0:00 Problem 1: Energy of e- in H with n=31:40 Problem 2: e- in H transitions from n=4 to n=22:00 Problem 2a: Energy absorbed or emitted?2:19 Problem 2b: Energy in joules?4:14 Problem 2c: Wavelength?5:44 Problem 2d: What part of EM spectrum?5:57 Limitations of Equations!Related concepts video 👉 youtu.be/ccpnNyhyxwoProblem 1: What's the energy in joules (J) of an electron in a hydrogen atom with n=3?Problem 2: An electron in a hydrogen atom transitions from n=4 to n=2. a) Is energy absorbed or emitted?b) What's the energy in joules?c) What's the wavelength in meters?d) In what part of the electromagnetic spectrum do we find this radiation? What color?What is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellCitations:OpenStax Chemistry 2e. Flowers, P., Theopold, K., Langley, R., & Robinson, W.R. (2019, Feb 14). Chemistry 2e. OpenStax. openstax.org/details/books/chemistry-2eOpenStax Chemistry 2e, Figure 6.13 Compare the two types of emission spectra: continuous spectrum of white light (top) and the linespectra of the light from excited sodium, hydrogen, calcium, and mercury atoms. Continuous spectrum and emission spectrum of calcium were used to show continuous and discrete spectra of a rainbow.OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Figure 6.3 Portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are shown in order of decreasing frequency and increasing wavelength. (credit “Cosmic ray": modification of work by NASA; credit “PET scan": modification of work by the National Institute of Health; credit “X-ray": modification of work by Dr. Jochen Lengerke; credit “Dental curing": modification of work by the Department of the Navy; credit “Night vision": modification of work by the Department of the Army; credit “Remote": modification of work by Emilian Robert Vicol; credit “Cell phone": modification of work by Brett Jordan; credit “Microwave oven": modification of work by Billy Mabray; credit “AM radio": modification of work by Dave Clausen)Music:Banjo Fever by Alexander Nakarada (CreatorChords) | creatorchords.comMusic promoted by free-stock-music.comCreative Commons / Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Bohr Model Explained: Energy Levels, Orbits, & Emission Spectra Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-07-07 | Unlock the secrets of the Bohr model of the atom! In this video, you'll learn how electrons occupy energy levels, how they jump between orbits, and how those transitions produce the colorful hydrogen emission spectrum.What is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Perfect for general chemistry students, this clear explanation covers:0:00 The Problem with Rutherford's Planetary Model1:08 Bohr's Questions2:06 Planck & Einstein's Quantized Energy3:50 Bohr's Atomic Model4:43 Atomic Emission Spectra Explained5:55 Lyman, Balmer, & Paschen Series6:22 Rydberg Constant, Equations, & Groundbreaking Findings6:50 Limitations of Bohr ModelRelated practice problems 👉 youtu.be/3TUGRJgqG3kPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellCitations:OpenStax Chemistry 2e. Flowers, P., Theopold, K., Langley, R., & Robinson, W.R. (2019, Feb 14). Chemistry 2e. OpenStax. openstax.org/details/books/chemistry-2eOpenStax Chemistry 2e, Figure 6.13 Compare the two types of emission spectra: continuous spectrum of white light (top) and the linespectra of the light from excited sodium, hydrogen, calcium, and mercury atoms. Continuous spectrum and emission spectrum of calcium were used to show continuous and discrete spectra of a rainbow.OpenStax Chemistry 2e, Figure 6.3 Portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are shown in order of decreasing frequency and increasing wavelength. (credit “Cosmic ray": modification of work by NASA; credit “PET scan": modification of work by the National Institute of Health; credit “X-ray": modification of work by Dr. Jochen Lengerke; credit “Dental curing": modification of work by the Department of the Navy; credit “Night vision": modification of work by the Department of the Army; credit “Remote": modification of work by Emilian Robert Vicol; credit “Cell phone": modification of work by Brett Jordan; credit “Microwave oven": modification of work by Billy Mabray; credit “AM radio": modification of work by Dave Clausen)Images:Niels Bohr, public domain: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr#/media/File:Niels_Bohr.jpgFree B Roll provided by Videezy: http://www.videezy.comMax Planck, public domain: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck#/media/File:Max_Planck_by_Hugo_Erfurth_1938cr_-_restoration1.jpgAlbert Einstein, public domain: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albert_Einstein_sticks_his_tongue_1951.jpgPhoto by Brad Switzer: pexels.com/photo/magnificent-view-of-milky-way-from-cutler-cove-utah-usa-11716072Fingerprint: pixabay.com/photos/fingerprint-sense-template-456483By Photograph: JonathunderMedal: Erik Lindberg (1873-1966) - Derivative of File:NobelPrize.JPG, PD-US, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58432969
Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment Explained Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-06-25 | Rutherford aimed a ray of alpha particles at a thin gold foil and discovered that the atom is mostly empty space with a dense, positively-charged nucleus. Learn about his experiment & how drastically it changed our understanding of the structure of an atom. What is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 Rutherford, Geiger, Marsden0:14 Experimental Setup1:09 Scale of the Alpha Particle1:28 Competing Atomic Models2:32 Results & Interpretations4:01 Rutherford's Planetary Model of the AtomImages:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_scattering_experiments#/media/File:Ernest_Rutherford2.jpgupload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Hans_geiger.jpgen.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ernest_Marsden_1921.jpgen.wikipedia.org/wiki/BL_15-inch_Mk_I_naval_gun#/media/File:WW2_Singapore_15inch_shell.jpgpixabay.com/photos/solar-system-sun-mercury-venus-439046Periodic Table used with permission from sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-table
Millikans Oil Drop Experiment | Finding Charge & Mass of the Electron Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-06-11 | Millikan found the charge of a single electron in his Oil Drop Experiment. He looked at tiny charged droplets of oil and balanced the downward gravitational force with an upward electrical force, at which point the forces were equal. Using J.J. Thomson's charge-to-mass ratio, he also calculated the mass. What is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 History & Overview0:33 How the Experiment Works1:50 Millikan's Data & the Charge of the Electron2:54 Calculating the Mass of the Electron3:35 Structure of the Atom?Images:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Millikan.jpgen.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Millikan%E2%80%99s_oil-drop_apparatus_1.jpgStock video by Videezy http://videezy.com
JJ Thomsons Cathode Ray Tube Experiment | Discovery of Electrons Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-05-28 | With a glowing glass cathode ray tube, J.J. Thomson discovered the first subatomic particle: the electron. Learn how his experiments changed the idea of the atom forever by proving that atoms are divisible, leading to Thomson's plum pudding and Nagaoka Saturn-like model of the atom.What is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 JJ Thomson's Cathode Ray Tube Experiment1:10 Charge-to-Mass Ratio1:38 Implications of Findings2:37 TL;DR Thomson's Findings3:11 What does this mean for the structure of the atom?3:28 Atomic Models: Nagaoka's Saturn-Like Atom & Thomson's Plum Pudding ModelImages Used:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:J.J_Thomson.jpg By Not Mentioned - First World War.com, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2969861en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Thomson#/media/File:JJThomsonGasDischargeTubeElectronCavendishLab2013-08-29-17-11-41.jpg
Dalton’s Atomic Theory & Gas Pressures Experiments Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-05-21 | We didn't always know that atoms exists, but thanks to John Dalton, we do. Learn about his gas pressure experiments behind his Law of Partial Pressures, leading to Atomic Theory, and his proposed atomic structure. While not every aspect of his Atomic Theory holds true today, he still turned chemistry into a true science. What is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 Brief Bio of John Dalton0:28 Law of Partial Pressures1:12 Law of Partial Pressures EXAMPLE CALCULATION2:17 Law of Partial Pressures IMPLICATIONS2:39 Dalton's Atomic Theory3:23 What does this mean for the structure of the atom?3:57 Dalton's Atomic ModelFree stock footage by Videezy.com
Prousts Law of Definite Proportions Explained Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-05-14 | Why do compounds form in fixed ratios? Why does water always contain two hydrogens and one oxygen? Why is CuO 79.89% copper? Discover how Joseph Proust uncovered one of chemistry’s core laws: The Law of Definite Proportions. What does this mean for the structure of the atom?What is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 Elements are in Fixed Ratios0:20 Example: CuO percent Copper and Oxygen by Mass3:02 TL;DR of the Example3:48 What does this mean for the structure of the atom?4:04 Historically-Plausible Atomic Structure
Lavoisiers Law of Conservation of Matter / Mass Explained Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-05-07 | Learn about the discovery that matter can't be destroyed. Antoine Lavoisier showed that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Yes, that CO2 gas really does have a mass of 4.4 grams, even if it has a super low density and dissipates throughout the air. Learn about Lavoisier's findings and check your intuition about the mass of gas along the way. What's an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 Mass is constant during any chemical reaction0:26 Example Reaction: Decomposition of CaCO31:17 Mass of a gas? Check your intuition!2:40 What does this mean for atomic structure?3:08 Historically-Plausible Atomic StructuresImages:Photo by Scott Webb: pexels.com/photo/photography-of-stones-1029604en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Liebig_Company_Trading_Card_Ad_01.12.004_front.tif
Ancient Atomic Theory | Democritus, Empedocles, & Aristotle Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-04-30 | What happened when the ancients started asking "what is an atom?" Join me on an historical journey to piece together the structure of the atom, from Democritus's "atomos" to Aristotle's five elements, explore the earliest ideas about what matter is made of! These ideas laid the philosophical groundwork for the atom 2000 years before science was even a thing! What is an atom? Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Atomic Structure Puzzle0:17 Empedocles' 4 Element Theory0:55 Leucippus & Democritus: Indivisible "Atomos"1:38 Aristotle's 5 Element Theory2:39 For 2000 Years...Images:Halfdan., CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commonsimages.nasa.gov/details-PIA18033pixabay.com/illustrations/clouds-sky-cumulus-air-atmosphere-7081496Additional Footage Provided By Videezy: http://www.videezy.comPhoto by Emiliano Arano: pexels.com/photo/photography-of-barrel-wave-1298684"File:Leucippus. Line engraving by S. Beyssent after Mlle C. Reyde Wellcome V0003528.jpg" is licensed under CC BY 4.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/?ref=openverse.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Democritus"Aristotle Bust White Background Transparent" by jlorenz1 is licensed under CC BY 2.5. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/?ref=openverse.images.nasa.gov/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e002076Photo by Pixabay: pexels.com/photo/man-doing-boxing-163403
Accuracy vs Precision: Whats the Real Difference? Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-04-23 | Are you making the classic mistake of confusing accuracy with precision? In this video, we break down the key differences between these two fundamental concepts in measurement using simple, visual explanations that will finally make it click! Includes practice problems!Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Intro0:10 Accuracy0:43 Precision1:19 Visualization of Accuracy & Precision1:51 Why scientists and engineers care / Real-World Importance2:40 TLDR2:49 Practice ProblemsWhat's the difference between accuracy and precision?A clock consistently runs 5 minutes fast. Is it accurate, precise, both or neither?Stock Images:"Colorful Pills" Free Stock Videos by Videezy! http://videezy.com"Aerial Drone Shot of Oregon Cherry Blossoms Park And River Bridge" Free Stock Videos by Videezy! http://videezy.com
Unit Conversions Made Easy (Factor-Label Method) Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-04-16 | Need to learn unit conversions? Using the factor-label method, I'll teach you how to convert between metric units using metric prefixes like kilo-, milli-, and centi- with ease! We’ll go step by step through three example problems, showing you the fastest and most reliable way to set up and solve conversion questions and learn about dimensional analysis. EXAMPLE & PRACTICE PROBLEMS INCLUDED!Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Metric System Overview0:20 Metric Prefixes0:28 Problem 1 & Explanation: Convert 3.4 km to m4:33 Problem 2: Convert 7.2 cm to mm6:42 Problem 3: Convert 9,200,000 cm^3 to m^38:53 Summary / Rules9:21 Practice ProblemsImages:Image by Bruno from Pixabay: pixabay.com//?utm_source=link-attribution&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=image&utm_content=1308138Additional Footage Provided By Videezy: http://www.videezy.comPhoto by Kindel Media: pexels.com/photo/close-up-view-of-colorful-liquids-in-laboratory-glasswares-8325718Photo by Kritsada Seekham: pexels.com/photo/cracked-surface-on-black-background-7836295#MetricConversions #UnitConversion #MetricSystem #Science #MathHelp #StudyTips #STEM
What Is an SI Unit? You’ll Be Shocked How Simple It Really Is Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-04-02 | Why do scientists and engineers worldwide use the International System of Units (SI)? We'll break down why the SI system is used, metric prefixes, base units, and derived units. Includes practice problems / comprehension questions.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 Why we use the SI System0:28 Base Units1:16 Metric Prefixes1:36 Derived Units1:49 Practice Problems: Give two reasons why the SI system is preferred for scientific measurements? What metric prefix would you use to express 0.001 grams?Whether you're a student or just curious about measurement, this video will help you build a strong foundation in SI units! Watch now to level up your science skills.Images:Free Brool provided by Videezy! http://www.videezy.comBundesarchiv, Bild 183-R0116-504 / CC-BY-SA 3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0 DE creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en, via Wikimedia CommonsPeriodic Table used with permission from sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-tablePhoto by Grigoriy: pexels.com/photo/extreme-close-up-of-a-snowflake-10902065pixabay.com/photos/ice-cubes-ice-frozen-cold-3506782Photo by Emiliano Arano: pexels.com/photo/photography-of-barrel-wave-1298684pixabay.com/illustrations/clouds-sky-cumulus-air-atmosphere-7081496Photo by Pixabay: pexels.com/photo/black-mole-in-black-soil-88512Image by Alicja from pixabay.com/photos/bananas-fruits-food-fresh-mature-3700718#SIUnits #MetricSystem #ScienceBasics #Physics #Chemistry
What is Uncertainty in Measurement? Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-03-19 | And how do you know what it is? Understanding scientific measurements is more than just reading a number and slapping on a unit: It's about knowing what to do for digital readouts, analog tools, and counting objects when it comes to figuring out the uncertainty. PRACTICE PROBLEMS INCLUDED!Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 3 Parts to a Scientific Measurement0:56 Uncertainty Depends on Instrument1:18 Gradations & Uncertainty2:45 Digital Readout & Uncertainty4:28 Counting Objects & Uncertainty4:55 Practice Problems: What are the 3 parts of any measurement? What is the volume of liquid (in the image)?By the end of this video, you'll have a solid understanding of these essential chemistry terms and how they relate to one another. Don't forget to like, subscribe, and hit the bell icon for more chemistry tutorials!Images:Photo by Henley Design Studio: pexels.com/photo/baby-s-brown-onesie-961198Hubble Captures View of Mystic Mountain: images.nasa.gov/details-PIA15985Photo by Estudio Gourmet: pexels.com/photo/six-brown-eggs-with-tray-2959303#ChemistryBasics #ScientificMeasurement #ScientificUncertainty #Compounds #Molecules #Chemistry101 #ScienceEducation #HighSchoolChemistry #CollegeChemistry #LearnChemistry #ChemistryTutorial #MolecularScience #AtomicStructure #ChemicalCompounds #ChemicalElements #ScienceExplained #ChemistryHelp #ChemistryForBeginners #STEMEducation #UnderstandingChemistry
Extensive vs Intensive: Easy Property Comparison Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-03-05 | Do you know the difference between extensive and intensive properties of matter? Extensive properties depend on the amount of substance and intensive properties do not. Includes practice problems / comprehension questions.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 Extensive Properties: Mass, Volume0:31 Intensive Properties: Temperature, Boiling Point, Density1:11 Extensive / Extensive = Intensive2:21 Definitions2:38 Practice Problems: Identify each of the following as extensive or intensive properties: Temperature, Density, Mass, Boiling PointBy the end of this video, you'll have a solid understanding of these essential chemistry terms and how they relate to one another.Images:Image by Couleur: pixabay.com/photos/milk-glass-pitcher-fresh-2474993Photo by Cats Coming: pexels.com/photo/person-holding-red-pot-filled-with-water-1204251Photo by Lisa Fotios: pexels.com/photo/person-holding-drinking-glass-1346155Image by Rudy and Peter Skitterians: pixabay.com/photos/water-water-drop-ripple-waves-384649Image by PIX1861: pixabay.com/photos/gold-nugget-gold-nugget-2269846#ChemistryBasics #Atoms #Elements #Compounds #Molecules #Chemistry101 #ScienceEducation #HighSchoolChemistry #CollegeChemistry #LearnChemistry #ChemistryTutorial #MolecularScience #AtomicStructure #ChemicalCompounds #ChemicalElements #ScienceExplained #ChemistryHelp #ChemistryForBeginners #STEMEducation #UnderstandingChemistry
Physical vs Chemical Changes (With Examples) Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-02-19 | Do you know the difference between physical and chemical changes of matter? Physical changes including melting and grinding. Chemical changes include rusting and burning. Includes practice problems / comprehension questions.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:00 Physical Changes: Melting, Condensing, Grinding1:00 Chemical Changes: Rusting, Burning, Exploding1:54 Definitions of Physical & Chemical Changes2:08 Practice Problems: Classify each of the following as a chemical or physical change: souring of milk, sugar dissolving in coffee, a candle burning, breaking a glassBy the end of this video, you'll have a solid understanding of these essential chemistry terms and how they relate to one another. Don't forget to like, subscribe, and hit the bell icon for more chemistry tutorials!Images:Photo by Mikhail Nilov: pexels.com/photo/lighted-tealight-candles-8543547Photo by Muffin Creatives: pexels.com/photo/moist-glass-1646332Image by Steve Buissinne: pixabay.com/photos/apothecary-pharmacy-chemist-437743Photo by Miguel Á. Padriñán: pexels.com/photo/brown-chains-114108Free B Roll provided by Videezy: http://www.videezy.com#ChemistryBasics #physicalchange #chemicalchange #Chemistry101 #ScienceEducation #HighSchoolChemistry #CollegeChemistry #LearnChemistry #ChemistryTutorial #MolecularScience #AtomicStructure #ChemicalCompounds #ChemicalElements #ScienceExplained #ChemistryHelp #ChemistryForBeginners #STEMEducation #UnderstandingChemistry
How Water Reveal Coloring Books Work (The Science) Chemistry in a Nutshell 2025-02-05 | Have you ever wondered how these water reveal coloring books work? Learn about refractive index and how it's exploited in these coloring books. Subscribe for more fascinating experiments and discoveries!Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5OyPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellCitation:patents.justia.com/patent/10964236Credits:A ray of light being refracted in a plastic block By ajizai - http://www.docstoc.com/docs/130534946/Chapter-7-Refractive-index, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30455241#chemistry #chemistryteacher #physics #polymer #scienceexperimentLearn
Electron Half Spin Explanation & Demo Chemistry in a Nutshell 2024-08-13 | Electrons have an unusual property called spin-1/2, and it plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics and chemistry. In this video, I’ll show you a simple demonstration to illustrate what spin-one-half is and why it’s so incredibly important to everything you know and love.You'll see:The basics of electron spinHow electron half spin differs from classical spinning objectsThe significance of spin-1/2 in the quantum worldWatch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5OyPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell#QuantumMechanics #ElectronSpin #SpinHalf #PhysicsExplained #ScienceDemo #STEM #QuantumPhysics #Electrons
Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds: Whats the difference? Chemistry in a Nutshell 2024-07-29 | Do you know the differences between atoms, elements, compounds, and molecules? This video will clarify these fundamental chemistry concepts in a clear and concise way. Whether you're a high school student, college student, or a science enthusiast, this guide will help you understand:Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell0:22 Atoms & their role as the building blocks of matter1:30 Elements and examples1:55 Compounds & how they're formed from different elements2:25 Molecules & how they differ from atoms and compounds2:53 Practice Problems!!!By the end of this video, you'll have a solid understanding of these essential chemistry terms and how they relate to one another. Don't forget to like, subscribe, and hit the bell icon for more chemistry tutorials!Images:pixabay.com/photos/gold-nugget-gold-nugget-2269846Periodic Table used with permission from sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-table Stock video by Videezy! videezy.com/abstract/45220-colorful-bright-rainbow-smoke#ChemistryBasics #Atoms #Elements #Compounds #Molecules #Chemistry101 #ScienceEducation #HighSchoolChemistry #CollegeChemistry #LearnChemistry #ChemistryTutorial #MolecularScience #AtomicStructure #ChemicalCompounds #ChemicalElements #ScienceExplained #ChemistryHelp #ChemistryForBeginners #STEMEducation #UnderstandingChemistry
Classification of Matter | Mixtures, Elements, Compounds Chemistry in a Nutshell 2024-07-15 | Heterogeneous vs homogeneous mixtures, elements, & compounds! A comprehensive guide on the classification of matter with practice problems! I break down the fundamental concepts and terminology you need to understand matter and its various forms. Whether you're a student, educator, or just curious about the world around you, this video will provide you with a clear and concise understanding of these essential chemistry concepts. Watch until the end to see real-life examples and visual aids that will help solidify your knowledge. Don't forget to like, comment, and subscribe for more educational content!Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Pure Substances0:39 Mixtures1:15 Homogeneous Mixtures (Solutions)1:35 Heterogeneous Mixtures2:04 Elements3:07 Compounds3:56 Practice ProblemsCredits:Periodic Table Images are used with permission from sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-tablePhoto by Emiliano Arano: pexels.com/photo/photography-of-barrel-wave-1298684pixabay.com/photos/gold-nugget-gold-nugget-2269846pexels.com/photo/vegetable-salad-with-wheat-bread-on-the-side-1213710en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbon#/media/File:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.svgen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond#/media/File:Diamond-dimd15a.jpgen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite#/media/File:Graphite-233436.jpg"Sodium metal chunks in oil" by W. Oelen is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/?ref=openverse.pixabay.com/illustrations/clouds-sky-cumulus-air-atmosphere-7081496pexels.com/photo/macro-photography-of-crystal-salt-3693293pixabay.com/photos/picnic-cutlery-plastic-disposable-2402635videezy.com/abstract/45220-colorful-bright-rainbow-smoke#Matter #PureSubstance #Mixture #HomogeneousMixture #HeterogeneousMixture #Element #Compound #ChemistryBasics #Chemistry101 #ScienceEducation #LearnChemistry #ChemistryExplained #EducationalVideo #ScienceClass #ChemistryTutorial #UnderstandingMatter
Lifes Building Blocks on Mars: Martian Atmospheric Chemistry & NASAs Curiosity Rover Chemistry in a Nutshell 2024-07-06 | Discover the fascinating history of Martian atmospheric chemistry based on data from NASA's Curiosity rover! Explore the groundbreaking discovery out of the University of Copenhagen based on carbon isotope ratios! We'll delve into the findings from Gale crater, where Curiosity unearthed sedimentary organic material with an unusual carbon isotope ratio. Discover how solar UV radiation through photolysis played a crucial role in shaping early Martian chemistry, potentially revealing insights into the origins of life not just on Mars but also on Earth and beyond. Learn the science behind these discoveries while on a fascinating journey through Martian history and its implications for astrobiology.Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can you solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellCitation: Yuichiro Ueno, Johan A. Schmidt, Matthew S. Johnson, Xiaofeng Zang, Alexis Gilbert, Hiroyuki Kurokawa, Tomohiro Usui, Shohei Aoki. Synthesis of 13C-depleted organic matter from CO in a reducing early Martian atmosphere. Nature Geoscience, 2024; 17 (6): 503 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01443-znature.com/articles/s41561-024-01443-zImages:photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19920en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ALH84001.jpgimages.nasa.gov/details-PIA21492science.nasa.gov/resource/curiositys-selfie-at-mont-mercou
Ant Surgery: How Florida Carpenter Ants Combat Infections Chemistry in a Nutshell 2024-07-04 | Discover the fascinating world of Florida carpenter ants and their unique approach to treating injuries. In this video, we explore groundbreaking research revealing how these ants perform surgical amputations to combat infections among nestmates. From femur injuries to tibia wounds, each treatment method is carefully tailored, showcasing an impressive level of medical strategy in the animal kingdom. Join as we delve into the science behind ant behaviors and their implications for understanding cooperative healthcare systems in nature.Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can you solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellCitation: Erik.T. Frank, Dany Buffat, Joanito Liberti, Lazzat Aibekova, Evan P. Economo, Laurent Keller. Wound-dependent leg amputations to combat infections in an ant society. Current Biology, 2024; DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.021http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.021Images:"florida carpenter ant" by birdzilla is licensed under CC BY 4.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/?ref=openverse."Florida Carpenter Ant - Camponotus floridanus?, Long Pine Key, Everglades National Park, Homestead, Florida" by Judy Gallagher is licensed under CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/?ref=openverse.
States of Matter Explained in Depth by a Chemist: Solid, Liquid, Gas Chemistry in a Nutshell 2024-07-01 | Learn about the three main states (phases) of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. We'll talk about their unique characteristics such as shape, volume, and compressibility, as well as phase transitions. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. It's the "stuff" all around us. To bring the lesson to life, we'll end with a nostalgic story about how dry ice was used to keep ice cream cold in the 1980s by utilizing its unique property of sublimation.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps0:00 Intro0:46 Solids2:23 Melting/Freezing2:48 Liquids3:53 Boiling/Condensing4:23 Gases5:12 Solid to Gas Transition/Sublimation/Deposition5:28 Sublimation Story Time!Image Credits:pixabay.com/photos/ice-cubes-ice-frozen-cold-3506782Photo by Emiliano Arano: pexels.com/photo/photography-of-barrel-wave-1298684pixabay.com/illustrations/clouds-sky-cumulus-air-atmosphere-7081496commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Modern_vegas_vic_souvenirs.JPGFree B-Roll by Videezy! http://videezy.comPhoto by richie squires: pexels.com/photo/brown-glass-bottle-with-a-white-background-10607591pixabay.com/photos/to-bake-icecake-cakes-ice-cream-1003685pixabay.com/photos/flame-fire-light-candle-flame-burn-1062513#PhasesOfMatter #ScienceEducation #DryIce #Chemistry #PhaseChanges #ScienceClass #EducationalVideo #Sublimation #SolidsLiquidsGases #IceCreamStory
Michelson-Morley Experiment: The Scientific Method’s Most Famous Failure Chemistry in a Nutshell 2024-06-15 | The Michelson-Morley Experiment results were... unexpected. Learn how this experiment, conducted at what is now Case Western Reserve University, challenged the existence of the luminiferous ether (aether) and showed the *beauty* of the Scientific Method. Learn how a "failed" experiment became one of the most important discoveries in physics, paving the way for Einstein’s theory of relativity, de Broglie's wave-particle duality of light, quantum mechanics, and changing how we think about light, motion, and truth in science.Includes:- Luminiferous ether that guided scientists for centuries & its downfall- Scientific Method- Michelson-Morley experiment summary and setup- Real-world application of experimental failure- Results and Impact: Learn why the experiment is considered a turning point in science, leading to the development of Einstein's theory of relativity, de Broglie's wave-particle duality of light, and quantum mechanics.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Intro0:41 Define the Problem / Young's Double Slit Experiment1:47 Develop a Hypothesis / The Ether5:40 Perform Experiments / Optically Detectable Ether?7:18 Michelson-Morley Experiment7:50 Contribute Knowledge / Michelson-Morley ResultsCredits:Free B-roll by Videezy: http://www.videezy.comen.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Double-slit.svgen.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Young%27s_slits.jpgpixabay.com/illustrations/leaves-water-ripple-5623418"Plato and Aristotle" by Image Editor is licensed under CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/?ref=openverse.pexels.com/photo/green-tree-268533A ray of light being refracted in a plastic block By ajizai - http://www.docstoc.com/docs/130534946/Chapter-7-Refractive-index, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30455241"Diffraction pattern of red laser beam made on a plate after passing through a small circular aperture in another plate. Physical optics is used to explain effects such as diffraction." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction#/media/File:Laser_Interference.JPGpixabay.com/photos/boat-lake-sunset-silhouette-rowing-5000655pixabay.com/photos/earth-planet-space-world-universe-11009By The original uploader was Bunzil at English Wikipedia. commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2622010By This file was contributed to Wikimedia Commons by Cleveland Public Library as part of a cooperation project. The donation was facilitated by the Digital Public Library of America, via its partner Ohio Digital Network.Record in source catalogDPLA identifier: 14e3c8f7e1c1b3728376637d7c07405eCleveland Public Library identifier: P-Morely, Edward William, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=114635513"Michelson-morley" is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/?ref=openverse.(Thumbnail Image) By w:Albert Abraham Michelson - archive.org/details/americanjournal62unkngoog, p. 124, Public Domain, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6355848#ScientificMethod #MichelsonMorley #PhysicsHistory #LuminiferousEther #ScienceEducation #LearnPhysics #CWRU #CaseWestern
History of Chemistry: Stone Age to Scientific Method Chemistry in a Nutshell 2024-06-08 | Discover the Origins of Chemistry: From the Stone Age to the Scientific Method. Join me on a fascinating journey through the early history of chemistry! We'll explore how ancient civilizations used natural resources, leading to the birth of alchemy and the foundations of modern chemistry. Learn how our understanding of the chemical world has evolved over millennia.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Chemistry0:15 Stone Age Pre-Chemistry1:00 Bronze Age Chemistry1:06 Iron Age Chemistry1:26 Ancient Greek Chemistry1:43 Hellenistic Period Alchemy2:06 The Scientific Method3:22 The Age of EnlightenmentCitations:Periodic Tables available for free at sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-tableFree B Roll provided by Videezy! http://www.videezy.com“Sci-Fi Deep Space Background Loop”"300704 beratzhausen-oberpfalz-paracelsus-denkmal 1-480x640" by Peter Bubenik is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/?ref=openverse."Empedocles" is marked with Public Domain Mark 1.0. To view the terms, visit creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/?ref=openverse."Portret van Robert Boyle, RP-P-OB-4578 (cropped)" by Rijksmuseum is marked with CC0 1.0. To view the terms, visit creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en/?ref=openverse.#ChemistryHistory #ScientificMethod #Alchemy #StoneAgeChemistry #HistoryOfScience
How to Calculate Average Atomic Mass (with Proper Sig Figs) Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-10-15 | Learn the 3-step process that's the same for every element! We'll calculate the average atomic mass of magnesium based on percent abundances and the mass of each isotope. The Problem:A sample of magnesium is found to contain 78.70% Mg-24 atoms (mass 23.98 amu), 10.13% Mg-25 atoms (mass 24.99 amu), and 11.17% Mg-26 atoms (mass 25.98 amu). Calculate the average mass of a Mg atom.Free, legal open source chemistry textbook: openstax.org/details/books/chemistry-2eThis problem is Example 2.4 part B, page 86.Periodic Table is from sciencenotes.org/printable-periodic-tableTime Stamps:0:00 Intro0:42 Problem1:18 Weighted Average1:45 Step 1: Percent Abundances to Decimals2:09 Step 2: Multiply by Masses2:36 Step 3: Find the Sum2:46 Don't Rely on Periodic Table Mass! I can still test you on this type of question!3:58 Evaluating Significant Figures for This Problem#chemistry #chemistryeducation #chemistryteacher
Why Do Electrons Have Discrete Energy Levels? (According to the Bohr Model) Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-09-10 | The Bohr Model of the atom might not be correct, but it certainly gives us great metaphors to understand a lot about atoms. Learn about destructive interference of electrons in orbitals and an intro to the Schrödinger equation without complicated math. Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can you solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Free vs Bound Electrons0:21 Rainbows (Discrete Energy in Photons)1:26 Atomic Orbitals & Energy Levels2:09 Schrödinger Equation2:53 Wave-Particle Duality4:22 Constructive vs Destructive Interference5:27 Discrete Energy Levels Explained (de Broglie's Condition)Citations:This video is based on information found in chapter 6 of OpenStax Chemistry 2e. OpenStax publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed, free online textbooks. Seriously: Flowers, P., Theopold, K., Langley, R., & Robinson, W.R. (2019, Feb 14). Chemistry 2e. OpenStax. openstax.org/details/books/chemistry-2epg. 295, Figure 6.13 Compare the two types of emission spectra: continuous spectrum of white light (top) and the linespectra of the light from excited sodium, hydrogen, calcium, and mercury atoms. Continuous spectrum and emission spectrum of calcium were used to show continuous and discrete spectra of a rainbow.pg 308, Figure 6.21 Shapes of s, p, d, and f orbitals.Layout and color scheme changed, but information is unchanged. pg 309, Figure 6.22 The chart shows the energies of electron orbitals in a multi-electron atom.Layout and color scheme changed, but information is unchanged.Stock Videos by http://videezy.com"Waves Gently Crash Upon The Sandy Beach Of Hawaii 4K" videezy.com/water/4015-waves-gently-crash-upon-the-sandy-beach-of-hawaii-4k"Colorful Smoke Crashing And Exploding In The Center"videezy.com/abstract/49348-colorful-smoke-crashing-and-exploding-in-the-center#ChemistryEducation #Atom #Electrons
How Small is an Atom? Bike Ride for Scale Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-08-13 | What's inside them? How empty are they? The scale of an atom hard to comprehend, even for those in the know. Let's scale up a carbon atom until the nucleus is the size of a baseball… and go on a bicycle ride to find the electrons. What we find might surprise you. 🚲Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMszGN5XY0QXNP_t-9Z-B8C2Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5OyPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Emptiness of an Atom0:20 Scaling Up an Atom of Carbon-120:43 Insane Density of the Nucleus1:06 Finding the 1st 2 Electrons (1s2 Electrons)2:57 At Node btw 1s2 & 2s2 Orbitals3:38 How Will We Know We’ve Found Electrons?4:52 Valence Shell5:51 Same Atom Over Famous Landmarks6:24 Atoms Are Tiny / Objects Scaled Up by the Same AmountCitations:This video is based on information found in chapter 6 of OpenStax Chemistry 2e. OpenStax publishes high-quality, peer-reviewed, free online textbooks. Seriously: Flowers, P., Theopold, K., Langley, R., & Robinson, W.R. (2019, Feb 14). Chemistry 2e. OpenStax. openstax.org/details/books/chemistry-2epg 308, Figure 6.21 Shapes of s, p, d, and f orbitals.Layout and color scheme changed, but information is unchanged. Map Data: Google, Landsat / Copernicus, Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy NGA, GEBCO, Image IBCAO, Image U.S. Geological Survey, Data LDEO-Columbia, NSF, NOAA, Data Japan Hydrographic AssociationImages:Moud Mabrouk - “People Riding A Camel Near Pyramid Under Blue Sky” pexels.com/photo/people-riding-a-camel-near-pyramid-under-blue-sky-3689859"File:CSIRO ScienceImage 8115 Human hair and Merino wool fibre.jpg" by division, CSIRO is licensed under CC BY 3.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/?ref=openverse.Image was cropped and rotated."Portrait of Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717)" By Jacob Marrel - http://sammlungonline.kunstmuseumbasel.ch/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=2935&viewType=detailView, CC0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=77106570"Macro Photography of Butterflies Perched on Lavender Flower" by Cindy Gustafson pexels.com/photo/macro-photography-of-butterflies-perched-on-lavender-flower-675313"Marie Curie c. 1920s" Public Domain upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Marie_Curie_c._1920s.jpgThe following images are courtesy of NASA:“Our Solar System Features Eight Planets” images.nasa.gov/details-PIA11800 “Earth” images.nasa.gov/details-PIA18033“Current Moon - June 15, 2011” images.nasa.gov/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001895#ChemistryEducation #Atom #Chemistry
How Does Science Correct Itself? The Scientific Method in Action Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-07-30 | In April 2020, public health officials in the US did a complete 180 and started mandating masks. Believe it or not, this was an example of the scientific method working. Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5OyPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellCitation:Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19 Lydia Bourouibia (26 March 2020)Full Article: jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2763852Dr. Wu Lien-teh Recommended Reading / Listening:99percentinvisible.org/episode/masking-for-a-friendnewscientist.com/people/dr-wu-lien-tehgavi.org/vaccineswork/100-years-and-counting-mask-wearing-japanTime Stamps:0:00 Changing Public Health Info - Early 2020 US1:14 Dr. Wu Lien-teh – Early Face Mask Pioneer1:50 Scientific Breakthroughs in the Public Eye2:42 What does Isaac Newton have to do with this?3:58 Old Tuberculosis Data & New Research4:57 The Scientific Method Worked!Timeline of News Stories:28 Jan 2020 cnn.com/2020/01/28/health/coronavirus-us-masks-prevention-trnd/index.html29 Jan 2020 kesq.com/news/2020/01/29/cdc-says-wearing-a-face-mask-wont-protect-you-from-the-coronavirus31 Jan 2020 cnbc.com/2020/01/31/china-coronavirus-shortage-of-face-masks-could-pose-risks-for-healthcare-workers.html03 Apr 2020 npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/04/03/826219824/president-trump-says-cdc-now-recommends-americans-wear-cloth-masks-in-publicStock Image and Video Credits:“Covid Virus” pexels.com/photo/coronavirus-3992933“Face Mask” pixabay.com/illustrations/face-mask-surgical-mask-medical-mask-5640516“Wu Lien-the – c. 1910-1915” commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wu_Lien-teh_-_c._1910%E2%80%931915.jpgLibrary of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, [reproduction number, e.g., LC-B2-1234]“Plague suspected [sic] discovered on inspection tour 7385441” by ralphrepo is licensed under CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/?ref=openverse."Dr. Ku and assistant in front of 'old style' Chinese plague hospital, Fuchiatien 7385467" by ralphrepo is licensed under CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/?ref=openverse."Aerial Photography of Great Wall of China" by Manuel Joseph pexels.com/photo/aerial-photography-of-great-wall-of-china-19872“Newspaper Template” pixabay.com/illustrations/newspaper-news-design-schema-412811"Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteria, the Cause of TB" by NIAID is licensed under CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/?ref=openverse."File:FC Cincinnati social distancing COVID-19 2020-08-21.jpg" by Jamie Smed from Cincinnati, Ohio is licensed under CC BY 2.0. To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/?ref=openverse.Free B Roll provided by Videezy.com“Times Square Street Sign”"Aerial View Of Great Wall Of China 4K"#ScientificMethod #COVID19 #SocialDistancing
The Scientific Method: Steps & Examples Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-07-16 | Unlock the secrets of the Scientific Method and clear up the confusion between hypothesis and theory once and for all. Dive into the fundamental steps of scientific inquiry and understand how hypotheses, theories, and experiments shape our understanding of the world around us.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Introduction0:25 Define the Problem0:40 Develop a Hypothesis1:07 Perform Experiments1:18 Contribute to the Body of Knowledge1:32 Theory2:00 Law2:33 If a Hypothesis is Wrong3:14 Theory vs Hypothesis3:44 It Can Take Ages#chemistry #ChemistryEducation #ThinkLikeAScientistFree B Roll provided by Videezy! http://www.videezy.com“Rainbow Nebula 4K Motion Background”#chemistry #ChemistryEducation #ScientificMethod
Mass vs Weight Explained | Humorous & Memorable Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-07-02 | Learn the difference between mass & weight once and for all! I promise you'll never forget the difference again after watching me act ridiculous in the name of your education. Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5OyPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Microgravity!0:48 Mass vs Weight1:25 The Exploitable Loophole1:40 Legal Disclaimers2:00 Macrogravity!The following images are courtesy of NASA:“Earth” images.nasa.gov/details-PIA18033“Apollo 11 Mission image - View of moon limb,with Earth on the ho” (Earthrise) images.nasa.gov/details-as11-44-6551“Hubble Captures View of Mystic Mountain” images.nasa.gov/details-PIA15985“Sun Emits a Solstice CME” images.nasa.gov/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001435“Hubble Captures Vivid Auroras in Jupiter’s Atmosphere” images.nasa.gov/details-hubble-captures-vivid-auroras-in-jupiters-atmosphere_28000029525_o“Saturn Approach - Full Disk” images.nasa.gov/details-PIA02225“PIA01492” (Neptune) PIA01492_orig images.nasa.gov/details-PIA01492Free B Roll provided by Videezy! http://www.videezy.com“Sci-Fi Deep Space Background Loop”#chemistry #ChemistryEducation #ScienceEducation #EducationalVideo
Scientific Assumptions: Real World Example Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-06-18 | Help me find assumptions made when calculating the mass of air in a ping pong ball based on its diameter. This is a guided tour through a data collection and calculation process in which many assumptions were made. Learn to identify them and limit their impact!Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNPLAYLISTS:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQhayoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Introduction0:41 Experimental Design & Data Collection1:05 Calculations2:50 Assumptions4:41 Other Assumptions & Better Experimental Design?5:24 Limit the Impact of Assumptions#chemistry #ChemistryEducation #ThinkLikeAScientistFree B Roll provided by Videezy! http://www.videezy.com“Neon Light Glowing Countdown From 10 To 0 Seconds”“Sci-Fi Deep Space Background Loop”“Smoke Colorful Exploding”“VFX Fast Cloud Fire Explosion That Surge From The Ground”
Sublimation of Dry Ice | Chemistry Lab Fun Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-06-11 | Experience the fascinating process of dry ice sublimation in this captivating video! Watch as solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) transforms directly into gas, creating an eerie fog. Perfect for science enthusiasts and curious minds, this video combines mesmerizing visuals with educational text overlays that explain key concepts in simple terms. Dive into the wonders of sublimation and see why dry ice is both cool and educational!Playlists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can you solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell#chemistryeducation #chemistrylab #chemistry
How to Use a Rotovap Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-06-04 | A rotary evaporator (rotovap) is a device used in chemical laboratories to efficiently boil off solvents using a combination of heat and vacuum.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oy Educating Entertainmentyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell#chemistry #chemistryeducation #chemistrylab
How to Use a Micropipette Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-05-28 | Learn how to correctly use an Eppendorf micropipette.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oy Educating Entertainmentyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell#chemistry #chemistryeducation #chemistrylab
How to Use a Bunsen Burner Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-05-21 | Yes, there is a trick to lighting it and you can learn it here. A Bunsen burner is a type of gas burner used as laboratory equipment. It produces a single open gas flame and is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oy Educating Entertainmentyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell#chemistry #chemistryeducation #chemistrylab
How to Use & Clean an Analytical Balance Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-05-14 | An analytical balance is a highly precise instrument used for measuring mass. They're typically designed with an enclosed measuring pan to avoid the influence of air currents.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oy Educating Entertainmentyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Intro0:17 Level the Balance1:02 Re-Zero, Zero, Tare1:44 Wind Guard2:24 Procedure for Use3:46 Hygroscopic Compounds4:16 Cleaning the Balance#chemistry #chemistryeducation #chemistrylab
How to Use a Hot Plate Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-05-07 | Learn about common mistakes made when using a laboratory hot plate. See how to use the various functions. Includes proper stir bar removal!Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oy Educating Entertainmentyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell#chemistry #chemistryeducation #chemistrylab
How to Use a Separatory Funnel Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-04-30 | Learn the techniques and proper use of a separatory funnel, which is a piece of lab glassware used to separate 2 immiscible liquids.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oy Educating Entertainmentyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell#chemistry #chemistryeducation #chemistrylab
Precipitation of a Supersaturated Solution Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-04-23 | A supersaturated solution contains more than the maximum amount of solute than is capable of being dissolved at the current temperature. I dissolved sodium acetate in hot water, then allowed it to cool. At this lower temperature, it’s an inherently unstable solution, so the only thing I needed to do to get a precipitation reaction to start was to add a few crystals of solid sodium acetate.#chemistry #chemistryeducation #chemistrylab
How Luminol Works: Chemiluminescence Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-04-16 | Watch a light-producing chemical reaction while learning about what's happening. Chemiluminescence is when a chemical reaction generates light with little or no heat. When luminol and the other chemiluminescent compounds are produced, they contain excited electrons. When the compounds are reacted with an appropriate oxidizing agent, the electrons relax to a lower energy state, releasing energy in the form of light. Forensic investigators use luminol to detect trace amounts of blood at crime scenes because it reacts with the iron in hemoglobin to produce light. It’s a very powerful forensic tool because it’s capable of detecting bloodstains that were diluted up to 10,000,000 times and it does this without interfering with subsequent DNA testing. Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5OyPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell#Luminol #Chemiluminescence #chemistryeducation
Carbocation Stability: How to Predict Stability Like a Pro Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-04-09 | When deciding if organic chemistry reaction mechanism steps will occur, the stability of the intermediates must be considered. I teach you how to classify carbocations and tell you which can form.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can you solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell#organicchemistry #chemistryeducation #chemistryteacher
The Trick for Learning Reaction Mechanisms | 4 Patterns | Organic Chemistry Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-04-02 | There are only four common patterns in organic chemistry reaction mechanisms! Mechanisms are so much easier to memorize/learn once you recognize them!Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can you solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Introduction0:39 Proton Transfer4:15 Dissociation6:41 Nucleophilic Attack (or Addition)10:24 Rearrangement#OrganicChemistry #ChemistryEducation #ReactionMechanism #ChemistryTrick
Watch a light-producing chemical reaction! Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-03-29 | In most reactions, molecules are in the ground electronic state, but not in photochemical reactions. With luminol, a molecule is formed which is already in an electronically excited state. When this molecule returns to its ground state, light is produced.Some dyes have been added. From left to right:1. No dye2. Fluorescein3. Eosin Y Disodium Salt4. A Mixture of Both DyesWatch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5OyPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshell#Luminol #Chemiluminescence #chemistryeducation
Reaction Mechanisms Explained: Curved Arrows, Electron Attacks, Nucleophiles, Electrophiles Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-03-12 | Learn the details of how reaction mechanisms are written so that you can better understand them! The key to understanding organic chemistry is understanding reaction mechanisms. Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can you solve it before Kekule?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5Oyyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Introduction0:27 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles1:11 Chemical Equation vs Reaction Mechanism1:44 Curved Arrows Show Electron Attacks4:14 Carry One Compound Through the Mechanism5:27 Reaction Arrows7:35 Rate-Determining Step8:04 The Power of Mechanisms#organicchemistry #chemistryeducation #reactionmechanism
DIY Rainbow Chocolate Diffraction Grating Experiment Chemistry in a Nutshell 2022-03-05 | Learn what diffraction gratings are and see me use one to get chocolate to reflect white light as a rainbow. (This method should also work on other shiny, stampable materials.)This is the diffraction grating that I used. Note that it is NOT labeled as food grade, so I do not condone eating the chocolate or whatever else you melt onto it: amazon.com/Robs-Super-Happy-Fun-Store/dp/B00SK3S6BY/?&_encoding=UTF8&tag=chemnut-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=ceced7d9f74f602f54356fef83ceefa2&camp=1789&creative=9325As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.Watch the whole playlist: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMtc45U4K2b0Dm88L9D7d0EEPlaylists to ACE Chemistry:youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMssGHFrR4Ee7_-8cFBvBkgNyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMs9m0GL4dz8jSs0K4PWfqCpyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMvs5nsG1VUQA0wsP9LGEQha Can YOU solve it?youtube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuKRkW9gDV7vlAk4Y9WRU7cyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMuHwUffHLOozSFQ0Cz_iTnCyoutube.com/playlist?list=PLvUW25kBaMMv7_3jTEAe3vVZqPhsjf5OyPATREON: patreon.com/c/ChemistryinaNutshellTime Stamps:0:00 Introduction0:11 Constructive Interference1:47 Destructive Interference3:21 Wavelengths4:01 How Diffraction Gratings Work6:19 Turning Chocolate into a Diffraction Grating7:40 The Results: Rainbow Chocolate#chocolate #diffraction #chemistryeducation
