ASPICanberra
Diversity and democracy
updated
Moderated by ASPI’s Council Chair, Ms Gai Brodtmann, the '2024 Democracy Primer' panel discussion explored the issues that are set to define 2024’s election campaigns, as well as the impact the outcomes could have on alliances, geopolitics and regional security around the world.
Hear from Professor John Dryzek (Centre for Deliberative Democracy and Global Governance, University of Canberra), Leena Rikkilä Tamang (Director for Asia and the Pacific, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance), Chris Zappone (Digital Foreign Editor, The Age and Sydney Morning Herald) and Dr Alex Caples (Cyber, technology and Security, ASPI) as they breakdown and highlight the evolving political trends and elections that will define this pivotal year.
They discuss the difficulty would-be reformers faced over decades in implementing the recommendations of repeated defence white papers, and the profound shock Reynolds felt when, as an army officer, she was confronted by the ADFA Skype Scandal and the gender issues that emerged during the multiple investigations that followed.
In this interview, former Executive Director Peter Jennings speaks to Christopher Pyne, who served as Minister for Defence from August 2018 until May 2019. They discuss how he dealt with the workload that comes with the portfolio and how he stayed in control of the agenda. They also talk about the importance of having sovereign industrial capabilities, and his experience working with US President Donald Trump’s administration.
There have been 17 defence ministers since the 1986 Review, each with distinct experiences in the role and their own impacts on Australia’s national security. This special series highlights the similarities and differences of their experiences in this portfolio, and offers reflections on the demands of leadership in one of the Commonwealth’s most important jobs.
The panel detailed what a role in Defence Intelligence might involve, the different career pathways available, and the diverse skillsets that are suited to a career in Defence Intelligence. The panelists shared their career experiences working in Defence Intelligence and outlined the vital role Defence Intelligence plays in national security.
Speakers included: Vanessa Ganley, CSC, Assistant Secretary, Intelligence Enterprise Management, Defence Intelligence Group; Brigadier Nerolie McDonald, Director General, Pacific and Timor-Leste Branch, Department of Defence; Air Commodore Dianne Turton, AM, Director General, Intelligence Capability Integration, Defence Intelligence Group; and Commodore Alison Westwood, Director General, Joint Cyber Warfare – Force Development; Dr Alex Caples, Director, Cyber, Technology & Security, ASPI (moderator).
In this interview, former Executive Director Peter Jennings speaks to Kevin Andrews, who served as Minister for Defence from December 2014 until September 2015. They discuss his unexpected move from Social Services Minister to Defence Minister and the significance of being able to spend time on the ground in the Middle East. They also talk about Australia’s air operations against the so-called Islamic State group in Iraq, the approach that was taken to select the design of the nation’s future submarines and his advice to future defence ministers.
There have been 17 defence ministers since the 1986 Review, each with distinct experiences in the role and their own impacts on Australia’s national security. This special series highlights the similarities and differences of their experiences in this portfolio, and offers reflections on the demands of leadership in one of the Commonwealth’s most important jobs.
In this interview, former Executive Director Peter Jennings speaks to David Johnston, who served as Minister for Defence from October 2013 until December 2014. They discuss how hist time as Shadow Defence Minister helped prepare him for the role and his ambition for reform in the portfolio, including through the First Principles Review. They also talk about capability acquisition challenges, decision-making around future submarines and the importance of the submarine capability and operations during Johnston’s tenure as Minister, including to counter the rise of ISIS.
There have been 17 defence ministers since the 1986 Review, each with distinct experiences in the role and their own impacts on Australia’s national security. This special series highlights the similarities and differences of their experiences in this portfolio, and offers reflections on the demands of leadership in one of the Commonwealth’s most important jobs.
Bec Shrimpton, Director of Defence, Strategy and National Security at ASPI, will lead a discussion with the Honourable Kim Beazley AC, Senior Fellow at ASPI, Senator James Paterson, Liberal Senator for Victoria and Ross Babbage on the book’s topic, followed by drinks and canapes.
In recent years, the risk of major war between China, the United States and its allies has significantly escalated with a clash over the future of Taiwan being the likely turning point.
While most scholarship has centered on the increasing risks of war and the way such conflict might begin, there is little discussion on the potential for allied deterrence and collective defense strategy.
In his new book, Ross Babbage explores the enduring and long-ranging impact of such a war on the US alliance.
Against the backdrop of two types of war, one of the military type and the other of the economic, societal and political, Babbage assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each side, identifies the phases that would likely characterise this war and examines the factors that might determine its duration and outcome.
Understanding what form of conflict such a war might take, the way in which it could progress and how it might be won is crucial for the US and allied defence and national security communities.
The big squeeze reveals that the recent federal budget leaves Defence with less core funding for the next three years than was available to it for the same period in the March 2022 budget. The only increase was compensation for higher costs for imported military equipment due to a fall in the Australian dollar, with Defences core funding reduced by $1.5 billion over the next three years.
Bec Shrimpton, ASPI’s Director of Defence, Strategy and National Security, Jennifer Parker, ASPI’s Deputy Director of Defence, and David Uren, ASPI Senior Fellow, were joined by Andrew Greene, Defence Correspondent at ABC News, to discuss the key issues that lie in the defence budget and explore the steps that should be taken now to ensure Defence is prepared for any possible future conflict.
Critical and emerging technologies are a core area of contention in the current great power competition taking place in the Indo-Pacific. Increasing export restrictions, supply chain risks, Russia’s illegal invasion of Ukraine and disruption caused by Covid-19 have led to greater uncertainty in how the region responds to new challenges and those that are yet to be realised.
Different economic and security perspectives and priorities also drive the region’s critical technology needs. These varied narratives shape the critical technology landscape.
This webinar aims to identify different perspectives by bringing together experts from Australia, India, Southeast Asia and the Pacific to discuss ways to partner on developing common digital and critical technology frameworks through a ‘whole of region’ approach. The event will also provide an opportunity to outline practical measures that can be taken by partners in the region to strengthen trust and build resilience into their existing technological capabilities.
With varying levels of technology development and needs across India, Southeast Asia and the Pacific, and increasing economic and strategic uncertainty, there needs to be a concentrated effort to understand the region's diverse technological challenges and find ways to address them.
The only increase was compensation for higher costs for imported military equipment due to a fall in the Australian dollar, with Defence’s core funding reduced by $1.5 billion over the next three years.
The tightened conditions underscore the challenge the government faces in growing the defence budget–as it has undertaken to do beyond the forward estimates period–at a time of global economic hazard, with rampant inflation and post-COVID debt putting pressure on budgets worldwide.
In this video, ASPI's Deputy Director of Defence, Jennifer Parker, and economics writer and author, David Uren, breakdown the key takeaways from the report.
In this interview, former Executive Director Peter Jennings speaks to Stephen Smith, who served as Minister for Defence from 2010 until 2013. They discuss how his experience as Foreign Minister helped him in his role as Defence Minister and the differences between the two portfolios. They also talk about the war in Afghanistan and the subsequent Brereton Report, as well as delivering the 2013 Defence White Paper in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis.
There have been 17 defence ministers since the 1986 Review, each with distinct experiences in the role and their own impacts on Australia’s national security. This special series highlights the similarities and differences of their experiences in this portfolio, and offers reflections on the demands of leadership in one of the Commonwealth’s most important jobs.
In this interview, Peter Jennings speaks to the Honourable Joel Fitzgibbon, who served as Minister for Defence from 2007 to 2009. They discuss Australia's military operations in Afghanistan and involvement in NATO talks; the Defence White Paper and its decision to expand Australia's submarine fleet; managing the portfolio's workload; and relationships with senior leaders of the Defence Department.
There have been 16 defence ministers since the 1986 Review, each with distinct experiences in the role and their own impacts on Australia’s national security. This special series highlights the similarities and differences of their experiences in this portfolio, and offers reflections on the demands of leadership in one of the Commonwealth’s most important jobs.
In this interview, former Executive Director Peter Jennings speaks to Dr Brendan Nelson AO, who served as Minister for Defence from 2006 until 2007. They discuss how he ended up in the role, what it was like managing the portfolio at a time Australia was involved in four combat operations. They also talk about the Super Hornet decision and the challenges around defence equipment acquisition.
There have been 16 defence ministers since the 1986 Review, each with distinct experiences in the role and their own impacts on Australia’s national security. This special series highlights the similarities and differences of their experiences in this portfolio, and offers reflections on the demands of leadership in one of the Commonwealth’s most important jobs.
With technologies evolving at speed, their implications far-reaching and many not even yet comprehensible, what does the future of humanity look like and what is its relationship with technology?
This event will explore alternative visions of plausible technology futures: what it looks like if we achieve a utopian outcome where technology enables, empowers and connects global citizens, and the dystopian opposite, where technology is applied at scale to oppress, control and divide them.
The session is designed to bring us back to the fundamental judgements, choices and actions that must be taken today to ensure that humanity sticks to the core ideas that underpin our freedoms so that we can harness technology and its applications for good and mitigate its abuse for malign purposes.
Speakers include: Anders Sörman-Nilsson, Global Futurist and the Founder of Thinque, Simon Elisha, Chief Technologist, Australia, New Zealand and Oceania and Director of Chief Technologists, APJ. Worldwide Public Sector at Amazon Web Services, Linda Lourie, Senior Advisor at WestExec Advisors, Heather J. Richman, Entrepreneur in Residence at BMNT and Founder of the Defense Investor Network, Jonathan Rubinsztein, Chief Executive Officer at NUIX, Dr Vikram Sharma, Chief Executive Officer and Founder of QuintessenceLabs, Palmer Luckey, Founder of Anduril Industries and Haidi Stroud-Watts, News Anchor at Bloomberg.
In this interview, Former Executive Director Peter Jennings speaks to the Honourable Robert Hill AC, who served as Minister for Defence from 2001 to 2006. They discuss what it was like transitioning into the role from Minister of the Environment, the deployment of Australian personnel into the Middle East, the relationship with former Prime Minister John Howard, the establishment of the Shangri-La Dialogue, Australia’s engagement in Southeast Asia, and the storied capability contentions surrounding the Collins-class submarines.
There have been 16 defence ministers since the 1986 Review, each with distinct experiences in the role and their own impacts on Australia’s national security. This special series highlights the similarities and differences of their experiences in this portfolio, and offers reflections on the demands of leadership in one of the Commonwealth’s most important jobs.
There have been 16 defence ministers since the 1986 Review, each with distinct experiences in the role and their own impacts on Australia’s national security. This special series highlights the similarities and differences of their experiences in this portfolio, and offers reflections on the demands of leadership in one of the Commonwealth’s most important jobs.
In this interview, Peter speaks to the Honourable Ian McLachlan AO, who served as Minister for Defence from 1996 to 1998. They discuss the workload of the role, the deployment of Australian personnel to East Timor, Papua New Guinea and Kuwait, Australia’s engagement in Southeast Asia, and the acquisition of defence capability such as the Collins-class submarines and the F-22s.
Mapping breakthrough researcher talent flows, highlighting global gains and drains in addition to identifying, per technology, countries which are pioneering leading edge research. The Tracker identifies China having a commanding lead in 37 out of 44 critical technologies, establishing wider leads in publishing high-impact research across a greater breadth of fields than previously known.
The Critical Technology Tracker website (https://techtracker.aspi.org.au/) can be used by policymakers, business, researchers and journalists to explore the large amounts of original data and analysis, enabling them to compare across countries, groupings, technologies and organisations (universities, labs and companies).
The event explored the pivotal role of women on the frontlines of protests in Myanmar, Iran and Afghanistan. The discussion considered the exceptional and gender-related impacts women face in conflicts and protest movements, as well as the significance of their ongoing involvement in conflict resolution and peace negotiations.
Speakers included: Shaharzad Akbar, Rawadari رواداری, formerly Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, Her Excellency Pernille Kardel, Ambassador of Denmark to Australia, Mon Zin, Founding member of Global Myanmar Spring Revolution, Nos Hosseini, Co-Secretary & Spokesperson, Iranian Women's Association, Maryam Popal Zahid, Afghan Women on the Move and Sophie McNeill, Senior Researcher, Australia at Human Rights Watch. Moderated by ASPI Council Member Gai Brodtmann, the discussion highlighted the resourcefulness of women and how the international can provide support to women in ensuring the protection of human rights globally.
There have been 16 defence ministers since the 1986 Review, each with distinct experiences in the role and their own impacts on Australia’s national security. This special series highlights the similarities and differences of their experiences in this portfolio, and offers reflections on the demands of leadership in one of the Commonwealth’s most important jobs.
In the first interview of the series, Peter speaks to the Honourable Kim Beazley AC, who served as Minister for Defence from 1984 to 1990. They discuss a range of topics including defence acquisitions, leading change, policy challenges, and engaging with the Department and Prime Ministers.
In his address, Minister Bowen focused on energy security, opportunities for Australia-India collaboration to secure the global energy supply chain and priorities for addressing climate change.
Music: "Lounge It" by Maarten Schellekens, licensed with permission from the Independent Music Licensing Collective - imlcollective.uk
In his address, Dr Jaishankar discussed India’s G20 Presidency, models for globalisation, how to de-risk the global economy and democracy in the 21st century.
Music: "Lounge It" by Maarten Schellekens, licensed with permission from the Independent Music Licensing Collective - imlcollective.uk
Music: "Lounge It" by Maarten Schellekens, licensed with permission from the Independent Music Licensing Collective - imlcollective.uk
The event considered how geopolitical developments and a deteriorating security environment impact the effectiveness of the approach set out by NATO allies and partners beyond the Alliance including Australia, and whether different times call for different instruments.
Featuring an address from Dr Mart Noorma, Director of the CCDCOE, ASPI's Bec Shrimpton was joined in a panel discussion by:
• Mr Marcel de Vink, Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Netherlands;
• Ms Johanna Weaver, Director, Tech Policy Design Centre, Australian National University;
• Mr Hugh Watson, Assistant Secretary, Cyber Affairs and Critical Technology Branch, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade; and
• Ms Agnes Kasper, Chief of Law Branch, NATO’s Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence.
Technology has become a key dimension of strategic competition, and cyber attacks are more and more a tool for state actors to control access to information, inflict harm on others, and advance their geopolitical and geo-economic goals. At this event, panellists discussed the development and application of rules of conduct in the cyber domain.
Report authors Gatra Priyandita and Bart Hogeveen discuss the key findings of their research and recommendations.
Music: Psychic by Ketsa, licensed with permission from the Independent Music Licensing Collective - imlcollective.uk
Music: "Just Wondering" by Maarten Schellenens, licensed with permission from the Independent Music Licensing Collective - imlcollective.uk
They discuss the significance of the meeting, and what it means for bilateral diplomatic and trade relations going forward.
To view previous profiles, visit: https://www.aspi.org.au/women-defence-and-security-network/wdsn-profiles
China’s rare earth production exceeds that of the world’s second largest producer – the United States – by more than 100,000 tonnes per year, accounting for at least 58% of global rare earth elements (REE) production last year; Australia itself has the world’s sixth-largest reserves of rare earth minerals, yet these deposits remain largely untapped.
In this ASPI explainer, Dr John Coyne outlines what rare earth elements are, why they are strategically important, and how Australia can position itself to become a global leader within the industry.
PS: Interested in learning more about REEs? Tickets are on sale now for the ASPI Masterclass: Australia’s Rare Earths Strategy here: bit.ly/3eVg6Lp
They also discuss Ayesha’s upcoming book, which explores the concept of extremism across different religions throughout South Asia and the Middle East.
We look forward to featuring more incredible women in the coming year. For more information on the WDSN and to view previous profiles, visit: https://www.aspi.org.au/women-defence-and-security-network/wdsn-profiles
The event focused on how we can translate the lessons and gains of the GWOT into a forward-looking, resilience-focused approach that ensures continued support and engagement with Afghan civil society while also addressing long-term security and stability concerns.
Following an introduction by ASPI’s Executive Director Justin Bassi, the event began with a keynote address by Saad Mohseni, Director of MOBY Group. Following the address, Siobhan Heanue (Journalist, ABC News) and Matt Anderson PSM (Director, Australian War Memorial) joined ASPI’s Katja Theodorakis for a discussion on building the partnerships needed for a sustainable and secure Afghanistan, learning from history and ensuring countries like Australia are not so distracted by other domestic and international challenges that they miss developments surrounding terrorism and extremism.
The ASPI Sydney Dialogue is an international summit for emerging, critical, cyber and space technologies. The first Dialogue was held virtually due to global Covid restrictions. The next Dialogue will be held in-person, in Sydney, on 4 and 5 April 2023. It will feature world leaders, technology industry innovators, ministers and civil society thought leaders. It will feature a mix of keynote speeches, panel discussions, debates, interactive discussions and public engagements. The Sydney Dialogue will offer a place to anticipate and prepare for the complicated challenges and immense opportunities presented by technology’s advance.
To learn more about The Sydney Dialogue, visit https://tsd.aspi.org.au
In this explainer, ASPI Senior Analyst Dr Marcus Hellyer provides an overview of what’s involved in the review, whats will likely come out of it and how Defence can address capability gaps.
Unions, academics and rights groups have raised concerns about the regulatory vulnerabilities of these schemes to worker exploitation and modern slavery. The Fair Work Ombudsman’s 2018 inquiry into workplace practices in the agricultural industry found evidence of illegal labour hire arrangements and misuse of piece rates. Senate hearings have heard from Pacific seasonal workers about unsafe conditions and indentured labour.
This event explored the modern slavery challenge in Australia and its supply chains, with a focus on the agricultural industry and the announced reforms. The event began with a keynote address by Lorraine Finlay, Australia's Human Rights Commissioner, followed by a panel discussion featuring Professor Jennifer Burn (University of Technology Sydney), Lina Garcia (Australian Red Cross) and Elise Gordon (Walk Free) on the impacts of these visa reforms and the workplace practices within the agriculture sector, moderated by Dr John Coyne.
Music: "Acceptance" by Maarten Schellekens - via the FreeMusicArchive.org
The event began with a keynote address by HRW’s senior China researcher Yaqiu Wang on Beijing’s efforts to undermine human rights abroad, including through the Belt and Road Initiative and its vast propaganda, censorship and surveillance apparatus.
Following her presentation, Yaqiu was joined by Human Rights Watch’s Chief Communications Officer, Mei Fong, and ASPI's Daria Impiombato and Albert Zhang on an expert panel to discuss China’s one-child policy and population demographics, including effects on society, gender imbalance, and the economy. The panel also discussed China’s expanding surveillance globally and its role in perpetuating disinformation and misinformation. This event was moderated by ASPI’s Executive Director Justin Bassi.
Note: Unfortunately, due to a technical issue with the feed, the first minute of the recording was corrupted.
At the publication launch for the ASPI report ‘Japan’s security strategy’, panellists explored these increasing military threats and challenges facing Japan. The event began with a keynote address by His Excellency Mr Shingo Yamagami, which was then followed by a panel discussion with Senior ASPI Non-Resident Fellow and report author, Dr Thomas Wilkins and Professor Rikki Kersten from ANU, moderated by ASPI’s Bec Shrimpton.
This event explores the latest report from ASPI’s International Cyber Policy Centre (ICPC) ‘Countering the Hydra: A proposal for an Indo-Pacific hybrid threat centre’ as a means of building resilience in the face of an evolving hybrid threat landscape.
The event featured opening remarks by H.E. Ms Vicki Treadell (British High Commissioner to Australia), followed by a discussion moderated by Fergus Hanson with panellists H.E. Mr Shingo Yamagami (Japanese Ambassador to Australia), Dr Teija Tiilikainen (European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats), Dr Fitriani Bintang Timur (Centre for Strategic and International Studies Indonesia), and Dr Lesley Seebeck (report co-author; Australian National Univeristy).
The panel discussed how to counter hybrid threats within the context of the Indo-Pacific’s regional political and cultural diversity and the lessons that can be learnt from pre-existing models of security cooperation.
The event ‘Russia’s war in Ukraine: Fighting for Ukrainian sovereignty and global order’ began with a keynote address by Ambassador Myroshnychenko and was followed by a panel discussion with Anthony Galloway (SMH/The Age) and Dr Natasha Kuhrt (King's College London), moderated by Bec Shrimpton (ASPI).
The panel discussed the support needed in Ukraine, what the conflict means for international law and the UN, and the global ramifications of the conflict.
Background music: 'Just Wondering' by Maarten Schellekens - via FreeMusicArchive.org
Lack of infrastructure, weather extremes, population density, and geopolitical strategic significance are similar characteristics shared by the northern regions of our two countries. A vast store of expertise and knowledge could and should be shared to contribute to securing a safe and prosperous future for both the Australian and Canadian north.
The event featured keynote addresses by His Excellency Mr Scott Ryan, Australia's High Commissioner to Canada, and His Excellency Mr Mark Glauser, Canada’s High Commissioner to Australia, followed by several brief mini-lectures presented by subject matter experts from both Australia and Canada, and a panel discussion moderated by Canadian Senator Vernon White.
In this explainer, Dr Jacob Wallis and Researcher Albert Zhang explain the methodology behind their data analysis, and how policy makers and researchers can best make use of the websites functions.


