The Peopling of the Pacific | The Last Great Human Expansion PulanSpeaks 2022-08-10 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoReferencesBedford, S., & Spriggs, M. (Eds.). (2019). Debating Lapita: distribution, chronology, society and subsistence (Vol. 52). ANU Press.Benton, M., Macartney-Coxson, D., Eccles, D., Griffiths, L., Chambers, G., & Lea, R. (2012). Complete mitochondrial genome sequencing reveals novel haplotypes in a Polynesian population. PloS one, 7(4), e35026.Carson, M. T. (2013). Austronesian migrations and developments in Micronesia. Journal of Austronesian Studies, 4(1), 25-50.Flexner, J., & Leclerc, M. (2019). Complexities and diversity in archaeologies of Island Melanesia. In J. Flexner & M. Leclerc (Eds.), terra australis 51: Archaeologies of Island Melanesia (pp. 1-8). Acton, Australia: ANU pressFriedlaender, J. S., Friedlaender, F. R., Reed, F. A., Kidd, K. K., Kidd, J. R., Chambers, G. K., ... & Weber, J. L. (2008). The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders. PLoS genetics, 4(1), e19.Hung, H. C., Carson, M. T., Bellwood, P., Campos, F. Z., Piper, P. J., Dizon, E., ... & Chi, Z. (2011). The first settlement of Remote Oceania: the Philippines to the Marianas. Antiquity, 85(329), 909-926.Ioannidis, A. G., Blanco-Portillo, J., Sandoval, K., Hagelberg, E., Barberena-Jonas, C., Hill, A. V., ... & Moreno-Estrada, A. (2021). Paths and timings of the peopling of Polynesia inferred from genomic networks. Nature, 597(7877), 522-526.Kayser, M., Brauer, S., Weiss, G., Underhill, P., Roewer, L., Schiefenhövel, W., & Stoneking, M. (2000). Melanesian origin of Polynesian Y chromosomes. Current Biology, 10(20), 1237-1246.Kayser, M., Lao, O., Saar, K., Brauer, S., Wang, X., Nürnberg, P., ... & Stoneking, M. (2008). Genome-wide analysis indicates more Asian than Melanesian ancestry of Polynesians. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 82(1), 194-198.Lipson, M., Skoglund, P., Spriggs, M., Valentin, F., Bedford, S., Shing, R., ... & Reich, D. (2018). Population turnover in remote Oceania shortly after initial settlement. Current Biology, 28(7), 1157-1165.Moodley, Y., Linz, B., Yamaoka, Y., Windsor, H. M., Breurec, S., Wu, J. Y., ... & Jobb, G. (2009). The peopling of the Pacific from a bacterial perspective. Science, 323(5913), 527-530.Patrick, V. K. (2010). Peopling of the Pacific: A holistic anthropological perspective. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39, 131-148.Posth, C., Nägele, K., Colleran, H., Valentin, F., Bedford, S., Kami, K. W., ... & Powell, A. (2018). Language continuity despite population replacement in Remote Oceania. Nature ecology & evolution, 2(4), 731-740.Sear, D. A., Allen, M. S., Hassall, J. D., Maloney, A. E., Langdon, P. G., Morrison, A. E., ... & Pearson, E. (2020). Human settlement of East Polynesia earlier, incremental, and coincident with prolonged South Pacific drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(16), 8813-8819.Specht, J., Denham, T., Goff, J., & Terrell, J. E. (2014). Deconstructing the Lapita cultural complex in the Bismarck Archipelago. Journal of Archaeological Research, 22(2), 89-140.Skoglund, P., Posth, C., Sirak, K., Spriggs, M., Valentin, F., Bedford, S., ... & Fu, Q. (2016). Genomic insights into the peopling of the Southwest Pacific. Nature, 538(7626), 510-513.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5515717Summerhayes, G. (2010). Early Lapita in the west: Updates and revision. In 2009 International Symposium on Austronesian Studies (pp. 26-55). Taidong, Taiwan: National Museum of Prehistory.Wilson, W. H. (2018). The northern outliers-East Polynesian hypothesis expanded. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 389-423.Wollstein, A., Lao, O., Becker, C., Brauer, S., Trent, R. J., Nürnberg, P., ... & Kayser, M. (2010). Demographic history of Oceania inferred from genome-wide data. Current biology, 20(22), 1983-1992.Wu, P. H. (2016). What Happened at the End of Lapita: Lapita to Post-Lapita Pottery Transition in West New Britain, Papua New Guinea (Doctoral dissertation, University of Otago, Aotearoa).
A History of Filipinos on Guam PulanSpeaks 2025-10-09 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaAthena-nikeReyna Taitingfong Aguero CarterKylon EckertDebina CruzZachary OlivadeseJacob AllenReferencesDíaz, Vicente M. “Bye Bye Ms. American Pie: The Historical Relations between Chamorros and Filipinos and the American Dream.” ISLA: A Journal of Micronesian Studies 3, no. 1 (1995): 147–60.Flores, Alfred Peredo. “‘Little Island into Mighty Base’: Indigeneity, Race, and U.S. Empire in Guam, 1944–1962.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2015.———. “‘No Walk in the Park’: U.S. Empire and the Racialization of Civilian Military Labor in Guam, 1944–1962.” American Quarterly 67, no. 3 (2015): 813–35.Oberiano, Kristin. “Territorial Discontent: Chamorros, Filipinos, and the Making of the United States Empire on Guam.” PhD diss., Harvard University, 2021.Rogers, Robert F. Destiny’s Landfall: A History of Guam. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2011
Discovery of Ancient Rice in the Marianas | Rice in Oceania PulanSpeaks 2025-09-19 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaAthena-nikeReyna Taitingfong Aguero CarterKylon EckertDebina CruzZachary OlivadeseReferencesAguilar Jr., Filomeno V. “Rice and Magic: A Cultural History from the Precolonial World to the Present.” Philippine Studies: Historical & Ethnographic Viewpoints 61, no. 3 (2013): 297–330.Blust, Robert. “Chamorro Historical Phonology.” Oceanic Linguistics 39, no. 1 (2000): 83–122.Carson, Mike T., Weiwei Wang, Xiujia Huan, Siqi Dong, Hsiao-chun Hung, and Zhenhua Deng. “Earliest Evidence of Rice Cultivation in Remote Oceania: Ritual Use by the First Islanders in the Marianas 3500 Years Ago.” Science Advances 11, no. 26 (2025): eadw3591.Hunter-Anderson, Rosalind L., Gillian B. Thompson, and Darlene R. Moore. “Rice as a Prehistoric Valuable in the Mariana Islands, Micronesia.” Asian Perspectives 34, no. 1 (1995): 69–89.Pollock, Nancy J. “The Early Use of Rice in Guam: The Evidence from the Historic Records.” The Journal of the Polynesian Society 92, no. 4 (1983): 509–20.Pugach, Irina, Alexander Hübner, Hsiao-chun Hung, Matthias Meyer, Mike T. Carson, and Mark Stoneking. “Ancient DNA from Guam and the Peopling of the Pacific.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 1 (2021): e2022112118.Sunarti, Sastri, Ninawati Syahrul, Atisah Atisah, and Erli Yetti. “The Rice Myths in Asia: The Comparative Literature Study.” In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Democracy and Social Transformation (ICON-DEMOST 2021), 2021.Terwiel, Barend J., ed. Rice Legends in Mainland Southeast Asia: History and Ethnography in the Study of Myths of Origin. Columbus, Ohio: Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography, The Ohio State University, Department of Anthropology, 1994.Vilar, Miguel G., Chim W. Chan, Dana R. Santos, Daniel Lynch, Rita Spathis, Ralph M. Garruto, and J. Koji Lum. “The Origins and Genetic Distinctiveness of the Chamorros of the Marianas Islands: An mtDNA Perspective.” American Journal of Human Biology 25, no. 1 (2013): 116–22.Zamora, Fray Juan Pobre de. Notes and Documents: Fray Juan Pobre de Zamora and His Account of the Mariana Islands. Translated and edited by Marjorie G. Driver. The Journal of Pacific History 18, no. 3 (July 1983): 198–216.
Christianity on Guam | Catholicism PulanSpeaks 2025-06-29 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaAthena-nikeReyna Taitingfong Aguero CarterKylon EckertDebina CruzReferencesTBA
Deities, Gods & Spirits of Pre-Christian Micronesia PulanSpeaks 2025-04-27 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaAthena-nikeReyna Taitingfong Aguero CarterKylon EckertDebina CruzReferencesDobbin, J., & Hezel, F. X. (2011). Summoning the powers beyond: Traditional religions in Micronesia. University of Hawaii Press.
Earliest Reference to Same-Sex Behavior in the Marianas: A Critical Reading of Juan Pobres Account PulanSpeaks 2025-04-11 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaAthena-nikeReyna Taitingfong Aguero CarterKylon EckertDebina CruzReferencesDriver, M. G. (1988). Fray Juan Pobre de Zamora: Hitherto unpublished accounts of his residence in the Mariana Islands.Driver, M. C. (1983). Fray Juan Pobre de Zamora and his account of the Mariana Islands.
Estorian Sirena: From Mothers Curse to Womens Icon PulanSpeaks 2024-10-18 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaAthena-nikeReyna Taitingfong Aguero CarterReferencesSanchez PC 1987 - Guahan Guam. The history of our Island
After the War For Guam: The Untold CHamoru Struggles of 1944-1946 PulanSpeaks 2024-09-27 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaAthena-nikeReyna Taitingfong Aguero CarterReferencesSanchez PC 1987 - Guahan Guam. The history of our Island
What is CHenchule: CHamoru System of Reciprocity PulanSpeaks 2024-09-20 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaAthena-nikeReferencesTo be posted
CHamorus in the States: A Journey Through Migration, Diaspora & Identity PulanSpeaks 2024-09-13 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaAthena-nikeReferencesTo be posted
Tracing Chamorro: The First Documented Use in History PulanSpeaks 2024-09-01 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaAthena-nikeReferencesTo be posted
4 Ways to Say Happy Birthday in CHamoru PulanSpeaks 2024-08-29 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaAthena-nike
Are you CHamoru or Guamanian? Unpacking Guams Identity Debate PulanSpeaks 2024-08-23 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaReferencesTo be posted
Guams Silent Epidemic: Understanding the Rise of NCDs PulanSpeaks 2024-08-16 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaReferencesTo be posted
What is Taotaomona? Spirits of the Marianas PulanSpeaks 2024-08-09 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaTimestamp0:00 – Introduction0:16 - Literal meaning of Taotaomo'na0:54 - Continuity of Taotaomo'na and Aniti1:52 - Common understanding of Taotaomo'na2:21 - General information on Taotaomo'na3:18 - Taotaomo'na-caused illnesses3:54 - Greatest offense to Taotaomo'na4:42 - Appearance of Taotaomo'na6:12 - Powerful Taotaomo'na with names6:44 - Taotaomo'na possession and companions7:30 - Themes in Taotaomo'na stories8:05 - Cultural lesson in the stories8:58 - Conclusion and Reflection on Taotaomo'naReferencesTo be posted
Unraveling the Genetic Heritage of the CHamorus | Discovering Our Lineage PulanSpeaks 2024-08-01 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaTimestamp0:00 – Introduction0:16 - Ancestry of modern CHamorus1:40 - mtDNA of modern CHamorus3:28 - Limitation of DNA studies of modern CHamorus3:59 - Ancient DNA study of CHamorus7:13 - ConclusionReferencesBlust, R. (2000). Chamorro historical phonology. Oceanic Linguistics, 83-122.Hung, H. C., Carson, M. T., Bellwood, P., Campos, F. Z., Piper, P. J., Dizon, E., ... & Chi, Z. (2011). The first settlement of Remote Oceania: the Philippines to the Marianas. Antiquity, 85(329), 909-926.Ko, A. M. S., Chen, C. Y., Fu, Q., Delfin, F., Li, M., Chiu, H. L., ... & Ko, Y. C. (2014). Early Austronesians: into and out of Taiwan. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 94(3), 426-436.Liu, Y. C., Hunter-Anderson, R., Cheronet, O., Eakin, J., Camacho, F., Pietrusewsky, M., ... & Reich, D. (2022). Ancient DNA reveals five streams of migration into Micronesia and matrilocality in early Pacific seafarers. Science, 377(6601), 72-79.Lum, J. K, & Cann, R. L. (2000). mtDNA lineage analyses: origins and migrations of Micronesians and Polynesians. American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 113(2), 151-168.Lum, J. K., & Cann, R. L. (1998). mtDNA and language support a common origin of Micronesians and Polynesians in Island Southeast Asia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology: The Official Publication of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 105(2), 109-119.Lynch, D., Wanglund, C., Spathis, R., Chan, C. W., Reiff, D. M., Lum, J. K., & Garruto, R. M. (2008). The contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to a gene–environment model of Guamanian ALS and PD. Mitochondrion, 8(2), 109-116.Pugach, I., Hübner, A., Hung, H. C., Meyer, M., Carson, M. T., & Stoneking, M. (2021). Ancient DNA from Guam and the peopling of the Pacific. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(1), e2022112118.Reiff, D. M., Spathis, R., Chan, C. W., Vilar, M. G., Sankaranarayanan, K., Lynch, D., ... & Garruto, R. M. (2011). Inherited and somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia. Neurological Sciences, 32, 883-892.Vilar, M. G., Chan, C. W., Santos, D. R., Lynch, D., Spathis, R., Garruto, R. M., & Lum, J. K. (2013). The origins and genetic distinctiveness of the Chamorros of the Marianas Islands: An mtDNA perspective. American Journal of Human Biology, 25(1), 116-122.
Origins and Development of Latte PulanSpeaks 2024-07-27 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaTimestamp0:00 – Introduction0:10 - What is Latte?1:59 - Philippines, Ifugao, Bale3:10 - Indonesia, Sumba, Rati, Rate & Uma3:57 - Indonesia, Sulawesi, Rante4:23 - Possible Connections to Latte6:35 - ConclusionReferencesTo be placed
Are There Any Pure Chamorus Left? | Racialization and Its Impact on Indigenous People PulanSpeaks 2024-07-24 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaTimestamp0:00 – Introduction1:09 - Development of Race2:28 - Racialization of the CHamorus4:38 - Consequences5:48 - Why Race is completely flawed8:45 - CHamorus don't need to prove anything ReferencesTo be placed
CH/Ch/amo/ru/rro Spelling Controversy Explained PulanSpeaks 2024-07-19 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaTimestamp0:00 – Introduction0:21 - Short Answer0:39 - CNMI's official spelling of Chamorro1:12 - Spelling of Chamoru2:54 - Chamoru vs. Chamorro debate4:10 - Guam's official spelling of CHamoru6:11 - ConclusionReferencesTo be placed
Culture and Diet of the Earliest CHamorus | The Early Settlement Period PulanSpeaks 2024-06-09 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaTimestamp0:00 – Introduction1:54 – Two Important Factors 2:09 – Environment4:34 – Cultural Heritage6:12 – Material Culture7:49 – Structural features9:22 – Pottery12:37 – Ornaments13:47 – Stone and Shell implements16:13 – Diet20:11 – Caves21:12 - ConclusionReferencesAthens, J. S., & Ward, J. V. (1995). Paleoenvironment of the Orote Peninsula, Guam. Micronesica, 28(1), 51-76.Athens, J. S., Dega, M. F., & Ward, J. V. (2004). Austronesian colonisation of the Mariana Islands: The palaeoenvironmental evidence. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, 24, 21–30.Athens, J. S., & Ward, J. V. (2004). Holocene vegetation, savannah origins and human settlement of Guam. In V. Attenbrow & R. Fullagar (Eds.), A Pacific odyssey: Archaeology and anthropology in the western Pacific: Papers in honour of Jim Specht (pp. 15–30). Sydney: Australian Museum. Records of the Australian Museum, Supplement 29.Athens, J. S., & Ward, J. V. (2005). Holocene paleoenvironment of Saipan: Analysis of a core from Lake Susupe (No. 35). NMI Division of Historic Preservation.Carson, M. T. (2012). Evolution of an Austronesian landscape: The Ritidian site in Guam. Journal of Austronesian Studies, 3, 55–86.Carson, M. T. (2014). First settlement of Remote Oceania: Earliest sites in the Mariana Islands. New York: Springer.Carson, M. T. (2016). Archaeological landscape evolution: the Mariana Islands in the Asia-Pacific region. Springer.Carson, M. T. (2017). Cultural spaces inside and outside caves: A study in Guam, western Micronesia. antiquity, 91(356), 421-441.Carson, M. T. (2017). Inhabiting remote tropical seashores at 1500–1100 BC: water, practicalities, and rituals in the Mariana Islands. Journal of Field Archaeology, 42(4), 269-282.Carson, M. T. (2017). Rediscovering heritage through artefacts, sites, and landscapes: Translating a 3500-year record at Ritidian, Guam.Carson, M. T., & Hung, H. C. (2017). Substantive evidence of initial habitation in the remote Pacific: Archaeological discoveries at Unai Bapot in Saipan, Mariana Islands.Carson, M. T., & Hung, H. C. (2021). Let’s catch octopus for dinner: ancient inventions of octopus lures in the Mariana Islands of the remote tropical pacific. World Archaeology, 53(4), 599-614.Carson, M. T., Hung, H. C. Summerhayes, G., & Bellwood, P. (2013). The pottery trail from Southeast Asia to Remote Oceania. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 8, 17–36.Dickinson, W. R. (2000). Hydro-isostatic and tectonic influences on emergent Holocene paleoshorelines in the Mariana Islands, western Pacific Ocean. Journal of Coastal Research, 16, 735–746.Dickinson, W. R. (2001). Paleoshoreline record of relative Holocene sea levels on Pacific islands. Earth-Science Reviews, 55, 191–234.Dickinson, W. R. (2003). Impact of Mid-Holocene hydro-isostatic highstand in regional sea level on habitability of islands in Pacific Oceania. Journal of Coastal Research, 19, 489–502.Hunter-Anderson, R. L., Thompson, G. B., & Moore, D. R. (1995). Rice as a prehistoric valuable in the Mariana Islands, Micronesia. Asian Perspectives, 69-89.Hunter‐Anderson, R. L. (2009). Savanna anthropogenesis in the Mariana Islands, Micronesia: re‐interpreting the palaeoenvironmental data. Archaeology in Oceania, 44(3), 125-141.Hunter-Anderson, R. L. (2010). Cultural responses to a Late Holocene climatic oscillation in the Mariana Islands, Micronesia: Lessons from the past. Human Ecology Review, 148-159.Pregill, G. K., & Steadman, D. W. (2009). The prehistory and biogeography of terrestrial vertebrates in Guam, Mariana Islands. Diversity and Distributions, 15, 983–996.Pregill, G. K. (1998). Squamate reptiles from prehistoric sites in the Mariana Islands. Copeia, 1998 , 64–75.Steadman, D. W. (1995). Prehistoric extinctions of Pacific Island birds: Biodiversity meets zooarchaeology. Science, 267, 1123–1131.
The Guam Commonwealth Movement | Closest Guam Came to Decolonization PulanSpeaks 2024-04-21 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaTimestampReferencesAda, J. F., & Bettis, L. (1996). The quest for commonwealth, the quest for change. Issues in Guam’s political development: The Chamorro perspective, 125-203.Alberta, C. (1982, September 6) Convincing commonwealth win is 1 step in status search. Pacific Daily NewsPerez, R. (1982, January 14) Vote fight to go to court? Pacific Daily News, 12, 347.Shimabukuro, B. (1982, January 20) Indigenous bills die in committee, 12, 353Walsh, K. (1982, January 29) Diaz dismisses indigenous injunction, 12, 362Perez, R. & Shimabukuro, B. (1982, January 31) Commonwealth top choice; runoff status is uncertain: Legislators might pass law to make runoff unnecessaryUN General Assembly (1979). United Nations mission report to Guam, 1979Willens, H. P., & Siemer, D. C. (2001). An honorable accord: The covenant between the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States. University of Hawaii Press.Public Law 15-128Public Law 23-147
Guams Political Status Plebiscite of 1982 PulanSpeaks 2023-12-19 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaReferencesAda, J. F., & Bettis, L. (1996). The quest for commonwealth, the quest for change. Issues in Guam’s political development: The Chamorro perspective, 125-203.Alberta, C. (1982, September 6) Convincing commonwealth win is 1 step in status search. Pacific Daily NewsPerez, R. (1982, January 14) Vote fight to go to court? Pacific Daily News, 12, 347.Shimabukuro, B. (1982, January 20) Indigenous bills die in committee, 12, 353Walsh, K. (1982, January 29) Diaz dismisses indigenous injunction, 12, 362Perez, R. & Shimabukuro, B. (1982, January 31) Commonwealth top choice; runoff status is uncertain: Legislators might pass law to make runoff unnecessaryUN General Assembly (1979). United Nations mission report to Guam, 1979Willens, H. P., & Siemer, D. C. (2001). An honorable accord: The covenant between the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States. University of Hawaii Press.Public Law 15-128Public Law 23-147
How CHamoru Identity for CHamorus from Guam Became Entangled with America PulanSpeaks 2023-11-03 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaTimestamp0:00 – Intro0:44 – Roots of the Entanglement - Prewar Naval policies2:03 – Naval policies not as successful as hoped.3:35 – The CHamoru wartime experience forged bonds of loyalty and patriotism to the US6:47 – Consequences of the Pro-American CHamoru Identity7:35 – US dependency for a modern lifestyle maintains the American entangled CHamoru identity9:22 – CHamorus were primed for a pro-American shift in a postwar Guam due to prewar Naval policies11:46 – Acknowledgement that not all CHamorus fit into this standard narrative12:35 - SummaryReferencesBarrett, W. S., & Ferenz, W. S. (1960). Peacetime martial law in Guam. Calif. L. Rev., 48, 1.Camacho, K. L. (2011). Cultures of commemoration: The politics of war, memory, and history the Mariana Islands. University of Hawai’i Press.Cruz, M. T. F. (2012). (Re) searching identify: being Chamorro in an American colony (Doctoral dissertation, [Honolulu]:[University of Hawaii at Manoa],[August 2012]).Diaz, V. M. (2010). Repositioning the missionary: Rewriting the histories of colonialism, native Catholicism, and indigeneity in Guam. University of Hawai’i Press.Hattori, A. P. (2014). Navy Blues: US Naval Rule on Guam and the rough road to assimilation, 1898-1941. Pacific Asia Inquiry 5 (1), 13-30.Hattori, A. P. (2009). Colonialism, Capitalism and Nationalism in the US Navy's Expulsion of Guam's Spanish Catholic Priests, 1898–1900. The Journal of Pacific History, 44(3), 281-302.Hattori, A. P. (2004). Colonial dis-ease: US Navy health policies and the Chamorros of Guam, 1898–1941 (Vol. 19). University of Hawaii Press.Leon Guerrero, E. (2020). Umespipiha i Fino’ CHamoru Among non-fluent Young CHamorus on Guahan: Exploring language revitalization, ethnolinguistic identity, indigeneity and CHamoru activism amongst non-fluent CHamoru Millennials and Generation Z (Thesis, University of Guam).Organic Act of Guam. Act of 1 August 1950, Chap. 512, 64 Stat. 384, codified as 48 U.S.C. 1421-1425Perez, M. P. (1997). The dialectic of indigenous identity in the wake of colonialism: The case of Chamorros of Guam. (Doctoral dissertation, UC San Diego).Petition to the Congress of the United States by Citizens of the Island of Guam, petition, December 17, 1901Rogers, R. F. (2011). Destiny's landfall: A history of Guam. University of Hawaii Press.Underwood, R. A. (1977). Red, Whitewash and Blue: Painting Over the Chamorro Experience. Pacific Daily News Islander, 17, 6-8.Underwood, R. (1987). American education and the acculturation of the Chamorros of Guam (Doctoral dissertation. University of Southern California, Los Angeles).Underwood, R. (1989). English and Chamorro on Guam. World Englishes, 8(1), 73-82.
Davis v. Guam | The Fight Against CHamoru Self-Determination PulanSpeaks 2023-10-26 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onDylan SablanJesse BabautaTimestamp0:00 - Case Overview1:32 - Political & Historical Context5:25 – CHamoru only vote plebiscite law6:40 - US Supreme Court Case Rice v. Cayetano9:14 – CHamoru only vote changed to Native Inhabitants of Guam vote due to Legal concerns because of Rice12:34 – Legal Proceedings 12:55 – Beginning of Davis’s Lawsuit in the District Court of Guam Davis v. Guam, et al., No. 1:11-cv-00035 (D. Guam)13:32 – Defense argued Davis lacked standing and ripeness14:59 – District Court of Guam dismissed the case for lack of standing and ripeness15:08 – Davis appeals to the Ninth Circuit Davis v. Guam, et al., No. 13-15199 (9th Cir.) Court reversed District Court of Guam16:39 – Circuit Judge N.R. Smith Dissent17:22 – Now having standing, Davis refiles his lawsuit in the District Court of Guam Davis v. Guam, et al., No. 1:11-cv-00035 (D. Guam)17:45 – Ruling of District Court of Guam18:10 – Guam’s defense of the 2000 Plebiscite law18:22 – Definition of Native Inhabitants of Guam was not a racial one but a political one20:06 – The Plebiscite is not an election within the meaning of the fifteenth amendment20:53 – Fundamental right to vote applies differently in Guam as an unincorporated territory21:11 – Restricting the vote will allow US to fulfill its international obligations21:34 – Reasons why the Court did not find Guam’s arguments persuasive26:50 – Guam appeals to the Ninth Circuit Davis v. Guam, et al., No. 17-15719 (9th Cir.) Court affirmed the District Court of Guam28:33 – Guam appeals to the Supreme Court28:39 – Final CommentsReferences Ada, J. F., & Bettis, L. (1996). The quest for commonwealth, the quest for change. Issues in Guam’s political development: The Chamorro perspective, 125-203.United States Code: Immigration and Nationality, 8 U.S.C. §§ 1101-1483 (Suppl. 5 1952).Organic Act of Guam. Aug. 1, 1950, ch. 512, 64 Stat. 384 ( 48 U.S.C. 1421 et seq.)Public Law 23-147Guam Law 25-106 Public Law 27-106 Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495 (2000)Legal ProceedingsDavis v. Guam, et al., No. 17-15719 (9th Cir.) (opinion issued and judgment entered July 29, 2019; mandate issued Aug. 20, 2019). Davis v. Guam, et al., No. 13-15199 (9th Cir.) (opinion issued and judgment entered May 8, 2015; mandate issued June 2, 2015). Davis v. Guam, et al., No. 1:11-cv-00035 (D. Guam) (order adopting magistrate judge’s report and recommendation and granting defendants’ motion to dismiss without prejudice issued Jan. 9, 2013; decision and order granting plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment issued Mar. 8, 2017).United Nations UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 999, p. 171,UN General Assembly, Question of Guam : resolution / adopted by the General Assembly, 2 December 1985, A/RES/40/42UN General Assembly, Question of Guam., 25 November 1981, A/RES/36/63UN General Assembly, Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, 14 December 1960, A/RES/1514(XV)UN General Assembly, Principles which should guide Members in determining whether or not an obligation exists to transmit the information called for under Article 73 e of the Charter, 15 December 1960, A/RES/1541,
OPI-R: Fight for CHamoru Self-Determination | Guams Quest for Decolonization & Activism in the 80s PulanSpeaks 2023-09-09 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoDylan SablanVideo topic was requested by one of my Maga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon Supporters! Biba!Timestamp0:00 – Introduction1:08 – Guam’s desire for political status change1:28 - PL 15-1282:46 – Plebiscite3:34 – Who is the self in self-determination debate4:09 – CHamoru self-determination side explained5:47 – All People self-determination side explained6:56 – What fueled the self-determination debate8:28 – The formation of OPI-R9:42 – The goal of OPI-R10:50 – OPI-R activism for an only CHamoru vote14:40 – OPI-R step up its efforts to limit the plebiscite vote 17:55 – OPI-R’s multifaceted approach to halt the plebiscite20:03 – Results of the January 30, 1982 plebiscite20:32 – OPI-R attempts to halt the runoff election21:35 – Runoff election results21:50 – OPI-R continues to fight for CHamoru self-determination23:35 – Guam pursues Commonwealth24:00 – The influence of OPI-R along with other pro-CHamorus on the Commonwealth draft27:23 – Public hearings on the Commonwealth draft begin28:05 – The people of Guam vote on the Commonwealth draft28:43 – Results of the Commonwealth draft vote29:06 – Guam begins to rewrite the two rejected articles for a special election30:10 – Hunggan, Yes campaign for Article 1 & 730:47 – Results of the Special Election of Article 1 & 731:07 – OPI-R’s success in influencing the Commonwealth act31:45 – Guam’s fight for Congressional approval of the Commonwealth act33:58 – Despite rejection of the Commonwealth act, OPI-R ideas continue to influence34:08 – OPI-R member Senator Hope Cristobal introduce bill creating the Guam Commission on Decolonization for the implementation of CHamoru self-determination35:53 – Legal concerns and challenges to CHamoru self-determination37:20 – Guam responds to the Davis v. Guam ruling with the Fanohge March for CHamoru self-determination38:04 – Legacy of OPI-RReferences [To be finished as I have many sources to properly cite]Ada, J. F., & Bettis, L. (1996). The quest for commonwealth, the quest for change. Issues in Guam’s political development: The Chamorro perspective, 125-203.Bordallo, P. C. (1982). Campaign for Political Rights on Guam, Mariana Islands, 1899-1950. University of Hawai'i at Manoa.Davis v. Guam, CIVIL CASE NO. 11-00035932 F.3d 822 (9th Cir. 2019)Published Video “Robert Underwood – Reflections on CHamoru Activism” on YouTube January 22, 2021
What is Austronesian? PulanSpeaks 2023-08-04 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksTimestamp0:00 – Introduction1:08 – What is a language family1:36 – Number of Austronesian languages & speakers1:54 – Linguistic geography of Austronesian languages3:43 – Academic development of Austronesian studies8:00 – Wilhelm Schmidt invents the term Austronesian9:02 – Academic development of Austronesian studies10:23 – Earliest attempts to find the Austronesian homeland11:02 – Bellwood-Blust Hypothesis | Out of Taiwan Hypothesis first proposed12:36 – Austronesian usage beyond a linguistic groupMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoDylan SablanReferencesBellwood, P., Fox, J. J., & Tyron, D. (2006). The Austronesians: historical and comparative perspectives. ANU Press.Bellwood, P. (1984). A hypothesis for Austronesian origins. Asian Perspectives, 26(1), 107-117.Blust, R. (1977). The Proto-Austronesian pronouns and Austronesian subgrouping: a preliminary report. Working Papers in Linguistics 9(2):1-15. Honolulu: Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii.Blust, R. (1984). The Austronesian homeland: a linguistic perspective. Asian Perspectives, 26(1), 45-67.Blust, R. (2013). The austronesian languages. Asia-Pacific Linguistics, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University.Blust, R. (2019). The Austronesian homeland and dispersal. Annual Review of Linguistics, 5, 417-434.Duggan, A. T., Evans, B., Friedlaender, F. R., Friedlaender, J. S., Koki, G., Merriwether, D. A., ... & Stoneking, M. (2014). Maternal history of Oceania from complete mtDNA genomes: contrasting ancient diversity with recent homogenization due to the Austronesian expansion. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 94(5), 721-733.Forster, J. R. (1996). Observations made during a voyage round the world. University of Hawaii Press.Friedlaender, J. S., Friedlaender, F. R., Reed, F. A., Kidd, K. K., Kidd, J. R., Chambers, G. K., ... & Weber, J. L. (2008). The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders. PLoS genetics, 4(1), e19.Grant, A., & Sidwell, P. (2005). Chamic and beyond: studies in mainland Austronesian languages. Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.Kayser, M., Brauer, S., Cordaux, R., Casto, A., Lao, O., Zhivotovsky, L. A., ... & Stoneking, M. (2006). Melanesian and Asian origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y chromosome gradients across the Pacific. Molecular biology and evolution, 23(11), 2234-2244.Kayser, M. (2010). The human genetic history of Oceania: near and remote views of dispersal. Current Biology, 20(4), R194-R201.Murdock, G. P. (1964). Genetic classification of the Austronesian languages: a key to Oceanic culture history. Ethnology, 3(2), 117-126.Ross, M. (1996). On the Origin of the Term" Malayo-Polynesian". Oceanic Linguistics, 35(1), 143-145.Ross, M., Pawley, A., & Osmond, M. (1998). The lexicon of Proto Oceanic: The culture and environment of ancestral Oceanic society 1: Material culture.Schmidt, W. (1906). Die Mon-Khmer-völker: ein bindeglied zwischen völkern Zentralasiens und Austronesiens. F. Vieweg und sohn.
PARA-PADA: Fight Against Guam’s Constitution | CHamoru Activism in the 1970s PulanSpeaks 2023-07-09 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksTimestamp0:00 - introduction0:55 - Initiative for a Guam Constitution9:39 - How PARA-PADA' formed12:00 - Three major points of criticism of the Constitution14:59 - Argument in support of the Constitution15:52 - United Nations decolonization committee invited to Guam17:56 - PARA-PADA' campaign against the constitution18:25 - PARA-PADA' spokesman Robert Underwood outlines their objections to the Constitution19:45 - The live televised debate between PARA-PADA' and proponents of the Constitution21:50 - Constitutional Referendum Results23:35 - Two bills introduced by Guam senators to address the political status24:41 - A new issue grabs PARA-PADA's attentionMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoDylan SablanVideo topic was requested by one of my Maga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon Supporters! Biba!ReferencesAda, J. F., & Bettis, L. (1996). The quest for commonwealth, the quest for change. Issues in Guam’s political development: The Chamorro perspective, 125-203.Bordallo, P. C. (1982). Campaign for Political Rights on Guam, Mariana Islands, 1899-1950. University of Hawai'i at Manoa.Congressional Record (94th Congress, first session). House of Representatives-Tuesday, September 9, 1975Davis, K. (1979, August 5) Constitution voted down: Document rejected 5-1; light turnout. Pacific Daily News, 1, 3.H.R.9460 – 94th Congress (1975-1976): An Act to provide for the establishment of constitutions for the Virgin Islands and Guam, H.R.9460, 94th Cong. (1975), congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/house-bill/9460/actions?s=10&r=1713&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Won+Pat%22%5D%7DH.R.9461 – 94th Congress (1975-1976): A bill to provide for the establishment of a constitutions for Guam, H.R.9461, 94th Cong. (1975),congress.gov/bill/94th-congress/house-bill/9491/actions?s=10&r=1712&q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Won+Pat%22%5D%7DIyechad, G. (1979, August 17) To determine Guam’s status is next move. Pacific Daily News, 1, 3.Iyechad, G. (1979, August 16) Status bills hearing tonight. Pacific Daily News, 1, 6.Iyechad, G. (1979, August 4) U.N. Constitution vote today. Pacific Daily News, 1.Iyechad, G. (1979, August 3) U.N. hit for ‘interfering’. Pacific Daily News, 1, 3.Iyechad, G. (1979, August 2) TV debate sparks disagreement. Pacific Daily News, 3.Iyechad, G. (1979, August 1) Senators air problems to U.N.. Pacific Daily News, 1, 4.Monnig, L. A. (2023). PARA-PADA. Retrieved fromguampedia.com/para-pada/omUN General Assembly (1979). United Nations mission report to GuamUnderwood, J. (1979, July 29). Yes vote: Logical political process. Pacific Daily News, 23.Underwood, R. (1979, July 29). No vote: No better than Organic act. Pacific Daily News, 23.U.S. Senate. Subcommittee on Territorial and Insular Affairs of the Committee Interior and Insular Affairs. H.R. 9460, et al., to provide for the establishment of a constitution for the Virgin Islands, and H.R. 9491, et al., to provide for the establishment of a constitution for GuamPublished Video “Robert Underwood – Reflections on CHamoru Activism” on YouTube January 22, 2021
PARA PDN! CHamoru Language Protest Rally of 1978 | CHamoru Activism in the 1970s PulanSpeaks 2023-05-23 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksTimestamp0:00 - introduction0:43 - Meaning of PARA1:31 - Understanding the Generation that formed PARA3:55 - How PARA was formed6:06 - Planning the Protest Rally7:19 - PARA PDN! Protest Rally Begins12:21 - New issue for PARAMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoDylan SablanVideo topic was requested by one of my Maga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon Supporters! Biba!Japanese Translation of SignKrista & her motherMusic"Scott Buckley - Resolutions" is under a Creative Commons (CC BY 3.0) license.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... / musicbyscottb Music promoted by BreakingCopyright: 👼 Hopeful & Angel (Royalty Free Music) - "RESOLUTIONS" by @ScottBuckley 🇦🇺 🇸🇪 @ScottBuckley soundcloud.com/scottbuckley / musicbyscottb https://www.scottbuckley.com.auReferencesMonnig, L. A. (2023). PARA-PADA. Retrieved fromguampedia.com/para-pada/omPangelinan, L. T. (1978, March 26). Rally protests PDN notice rule. Pacific Daily News, 9(53), 1, 3.Pangelinan, L. T. (1978, March 23). Language Policy Criticized: Rally Against PDN Planned. Pacific Daily News, 3.Steffy, R. (2017). Passive activism: Catalyst for social and political change on Guam. The Guam Daily Postpostguam.com/forum/featured_columnists/passive-activism-catalyst-for-social-and-political-change-on-guam/article_f9db11a0-208d-11e7-9d45-07cc20d7aebc.htmlUnderwood, R. (2023). Personal Communication.Webber, L. (2019). A special day for CHamoru self-determination. Retrieved frompostguam.com/forum/featured_columnists/a-special-day-for-chamoru-self-determination/article_51e12794-cc68-11e9-9983-9bba4debb6eb.html
The Tyranny of Guams American Naval Government | 1899-1941; 1944-1950 PulanSpeaks 2023-04-30 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoDylan SablanReferencesBordallo, P. C. (1982). Campaign for Political Rights on Guam, Mariana Islands, 1899-1950. University of Hawai'i at Manoa.Collier, J. (1947). Naval Misrule in the Pacific. The NationCoudert, F. R. (1926). The Evolution of the Doctrine of Territorial Incorporation. Am. L. Rev., 60, 801.Day, S. A. (2017). Talking Story: The Militarization of Guåhan and Flows of Information in Chamoru Systems of Knowledge (Doctoral dissertation).Hattori, A. P. (2014). Navy Blues: US Naval Rule on Guam and the rough road to assimilation, 1898-1941. Pacific Asia Inquiry 5 (1), 13-30.Hattori, A. P. (2009). Colonialism, Capitalism and Nationalism in the US Navy's Expulsion of Guam's Spanish Catholic Priests, 1898–1900. The Journal of Pacific History, 44(3), 281-302.Hattori, A. P. (2004). Colonial dis-ease: US Navy health policies and the Chamorros of Guam, 1898–1941 (Vol. 19). University of Hawaii Press.Organic Act of Guam. Act of 1 August 1950, Chap. 512, 64 Stat. 384, codified as 48 U.S.C. 1421-1425Petition to the Congress of the United States by Citizens of the Island of Guam, petition, December 17, 1901Rogers, R. F. (2011). Destiny's landfall: A history of Guam. University of Hawaii Press.Thompson, L. (1946). Crisis on Guam. The Journal of Asian Studies, 6(1), 5-11.Thompson, L. (1944). Guam: Study in military government. Far Eastern Survey, 13(16), 149-154.
Sandra Chung | Linguist Perspective on the CHamoru Language PulanSpeaks 2023-04-16 | Dr. Sandra Chung, a Harvard graduate in Linguistics, has been studying the CHamoru language for over four decades and was closely involved with the CNMI Chamorro orthography. During my interview with her, I had the opportunity to ask for her insights on various aspects of the CHamoru language. Specifically, I asked about what distinguishes CHamoru from other Austronesian languages, whether CHamoru is a blend of Spanish and creole, whether there are variations in spoken CHamoru across different islands, and the philosophy underlying the orthography used in Guam and the CNMI. Note on interviewThis interviewed took place in 2021 and was suppose to be released that year, but due to an unfortunate external Hard Drive crash, it never came to be. Two years later I stumbled upon the same Hard Drive and decided to open it, which I would have never done in 2021. I noticed the the head was misaligned on the platter, and I moved it to the proper place. I then tested the Hard Drive and voila working as new again. Here is the long awaited interview with Sandra Chung. Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoDylan Sablan
Reasons why the Spanish Successfully Conquered the Marianas PulanSpeaks 2023-04-09 | How did a small Spanish force succeed in conquering the Marianas? Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoDylan SablanReferencesCallaway, E. (2017). Collapse of Aztec society linked to catastrophic salmonella outbreak. Nature, 542(7642).Carrell, T. (1991). Submerged cultural resources assessment of Micronesia (Vol. 36). US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southwest Region, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, Submerged Cultural Resources Unit.Garcia, F. S. J. (2004). The life and martyrdom of Diego Luis de San Vitores, S.J., 1683 (J. A. McDonough, Ed.). Mangilao: University of Guam Micronesian Area Research Center.Hezel, F. (2015). When Cultures Clash. Revisiting the “Spanish-Chamorro Wars."Krenn, P., Kalaus, P., & Hall, B. (1995). Material culture and military history: Test-firing early modern small arms. Material Culture Review.Levesque, R. (1995). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 4, Religious conquest, 1638-1670. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Leon Guerrero, E (2021) “Estimating the Precolonial Population of the Marianas?” on YouTube October 22, 2021Livi‐Bacci, M. (2006). The depopulation of Hispanic America after the conquest. Population and Development Review, 32(2), 199-232.Lovell, W. G. (1992). “Heavy shadows and black night”: Disease and depopulation in colonial Spanish America. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 82(3), 426-443.Restall, M. (2004). Seven myths of the Spanish conquest. Oxford University Press.
CHamoru music from the 1960s-1990s: Meaning & Significance to Language, Culture & Identity PulanSpeaks 2023-03-25 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoDylan SablanReferencesClement, M. R. (2011). Kustumbre, modernity and resistance the subaltern narrative in Chamorro language music (Doctoral dissertation, [Honolulu]:[University of Hawaii at Manoa],[December 2011]).
Guams First Demand for Political Rights From America PulanSpeaks 2023-03-13 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoDylan SablanReferencesCoudert, F. R. (1926). The Evolution of the Doctrine of Territorial Incorporation. Am. L. Rev., 60, 801.DeBurgh, J. (n.d.). Reminiscences of the Second Oregon Volunteer Infantry. Retrieved fromspanamwar.com/2ndoregon.htm#Trip%20to%20the%20PhilippinesOrganic Act of Guam. Act of 1 August 1950, Chap. 512, 64 Stat. 384, codified as 48 U.S.C. 1421-1425Petition to the Congress of the United States by Citizens of the Island of Guam, petition, December 17, 1901Thompson, L. (1946). Crisis on Guam. The Journal of Asian Studies, 6(1), 5-11.Thompson, L. (1944). Guam: Study in military government. Far Eastern Survey, 13(16), 149-154.
Traditional Cultural Practices of Abortion in Micronesia PulanSpeaks 2023-01-30 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoReferencesDevereux, G. (1976). A Study of Abortion in Primitive Societies. International Universities Press. New York.Freycinet, L. C., & de Freycinet, L. (2003). An account of the corvette L’Uranie’s sojourn at the Mariana Islands, 1819 (G. Barratt, Trans.). Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands: Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Division of Historic Preservation.Levesque, R. (1995). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 4, Religious conquest, 1638-1670. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Levesque, R. (1995). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 5, Focus on the Mariana mission, 1670-1673. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Levesque, R. (1995). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 6, Revolts in the Marianas, 1673-1678. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Levesque, R. (1999). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 14, More turmoil in the Marianas, 1746-1773. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Rubinstein, D. (1992). Culture in court: notes and reflections on abortion in Guam. Journal de la Société des Océanistes, 94(1), 35-44.Riesenberg, S. H. (1948). Magic and medicine in Ponape. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 4(4), 406-429.Ritter, P. L. (1978) The Repopulation of Kosrae: Population and social organization on a Micronesian High Island. Stanford University (Dissertation)Sarfert, E. (1908-1910 [1919]/2008). Results of the South Seas-Expedition 1908-1910. Kusae 1. Half-VolumeThompson, L. (1947). Guam and its people.Legal Citations12 Chuuk State Code, § 2068Palau Penal Code, Ch. 13 § 1309Kiribati Penal Code, Ch. 67 §§ 150-152Nauru Crimes Act 2016, § 66; 68; 69NMI Const. Art I, §129 Guam Code Ann. § 31.20Several modern island governments throughout the region of Micronesia currently has or at one point in time instituted incredibly restrictive abortion laws by international standards. However, just a century ago, in the early twentieth century, ethnographers and visitors widely documented that abortion was a widespread cultural practice in every single major island group or cultural area in Micronesia, which includes the Marianas, Palau, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae, Marshalls, Kiribati, Nauru and Nukuoro. Guahu si Pulan and in this video we will explore traditional cultural practices of abortion in Micronesia
What is Melanesia? PulanSpeaks 2022-12-30 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoFootage used from:8 Days in Vanuatu CINEMATIC VLOG - Pavel Ivo SedlacekBecoming a man - SliceClimbing the second-highest Mountain in Papua New Guinea - Mount Giluwe - Jerry AlbanielFestivals of Papua New Guinea - Mike Van GorkomFIJI ISLANDS 2021 DRONE REEL - Pacific Media HouseSolomon Islands from the air Munda Region - Pacific Islands - Tom VierusNEW CALEDONIA, Grande Terre Amazing Planet - Amazing PlanetPAPUA NEW GUINEA, one day in East New Britain - Bart NapieralaPAPUA NEW GUINEA, one day in New Ireland - Bart NapieralaSecrets of Melanesia - Conan Productions. YouTubeVaka Taumako Project - We, the Voyagers TrailerTanah Papua A Paradise for Birds - Cornell Lab of OrnithologyNatural Blondes with Dark Skin (SOLOMON ISLANDS) - Drew BinskyReferencesBedford, S. (2014). Melanesia. In The Cambridge World Prehistory Volume 1: Africa, South and Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Cambridge University Press.Burley, D. V. (2013). Fijian polygenesis and the Melanesian/Polynesian divide. Current Anthropology, 54(4), 436-462.D'arcy, P. (2003). Cultural divisions and island environments since the time of Dumont d'Urville. The Journal of Pacific History, 38(2), 217-235.Douglas, B. (2011). Geography, raciology, and the naming of Oceania. Globe, The, (69), 1-28.Hirsch, E., & Rollason, W. (Eds.). (2019). The Melanesian World. Routledge.Kabutaulaka, T. (2015). Re-presenting Melanesia: Ignoble savages and Melanesian alter-natives. The Contemporary Pacific, 27(1), 110-145.Knauft, B. M. (1999). From primitive to postcolonial in Melanesia and anthropology. University of Michigan Press.Landweer, M. L., & Unseth, P. (2012). An introduction to language use in Melanesia. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2012(214), 1-3.Lawson, S. (2013). ‘Melanesia’ The History and Politics of an Idea. The Journal of Pacific History, 48(1), 1-22.Leclerc, M., & Flexner, J. (2019). Archaeologies of Island Melanesia: Current approaches to landscapes, exchange and practice.Narokobi, B. (1983). The melanesian way. Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies.Tcherkézoff, S. (2003). A long and unfortunate voyage towards the 'invention' of the Melanesia/Polynesia distinction 1595-1832. The Journal of Pacific History, 175-196.
The Ancestral Homeland of East Polynesia | Northern Outliers-East Polynesian hypothesis explained PulanSpeaks 2022-11-13 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoTimestamp0:00 – Conventional Settling Pattern of East Polynesia0:14 – Northern Outliers-East Polynesian hypothesis introduced2:23 – Linguistic evidence for the NO-EPn hypothesis2:51 – Alternative explanations for shared innovations4:13 – Ethnographic evidence for the NO-EPn hypothesis5:00 – Genetic evidence for the NO-EPn hypothesis5:17 – Visualizing the settlement pattern of East Polynesia5:55 – Source for the Northern Outlier languages?6:14 - ConclusionReferencesHudjashov, G., Endicott, P., Post, H., Nagle, N., Ho, S. Y., Lawson, D. J., ... & Herrera, R. J. (2018). Investigating the origins of eastern Polynesians using genome-wide data from the Leeward Society Isles. Scientific reports, 8(1), 1-12.McLean, M. (2014). Music, Lapita, and the Problem of Polynesian Origins. Mervyn McLean.Wilson, W. H. (1985). Evidence for an Outlier source for the Proto Eastern Polynesian pronominal system. Oceanic Linguistics, 24(1/2), 85-133.Wilson, W. H. (2012). Whence the East Polynesians? Further linguistic evidence for a Northern Outlier source. Oceanic Linguistics, 289-359.Wilson, W. H. (2014). Pukapukan and the NO-EPN hypothesis: extensive late borrowing by Pukapukan. Oceanic Linguistics, 392-442.Wilson, W. H. (2018). The northern outliers-East Polynesian hypothesis expanded. The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 389-423.Wilson, W. H. (2021). East Polynesian Subgrouping and Homeland Implications Within the Northern Outlier–East Polynesian Hypothesis. Oceanic Linguistics, 60(1), 36-71.
Origin of the word Chamorro PulanSpeaks 2022-11-10 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTiktok @pulanspeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoTimestamp0:00 - Intro0:51 - ‘Chamorro’ comes from the Spanish word Chamorro Theory1:33 - First problem2:10 - Second problem2:56 - Third problem3:35 - ‘Chamorro’ comes from the indigenous word Chamorri Theory6:51 - Last appearance of Chamorri7:39 - Speculation of why Chamorri evolved into Chamorro8:36 - Origin and alternative meaning of the word Chamorri12:30 - ConclusionReferencesFreycinet, L. C., & de Freycinet, L. (2003). An account of the corvette L’Uranie’s sojourn at the Mariana Islands, 1819 (G. Barratt, Trans.). Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands: Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Division of Historic Preservation.Levesque, R. (1992). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 1, European discovery, 1521-1650. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Levesque, R. (1992). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 2, Prelude to conquest, 1561-1595. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Levesque, R. (1993). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 3, First real contact, 1596-1637. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Levesque, R. (1995). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 4, Religious conquest, 1638-1670. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Levesque, R. (1995). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 5, Focus on the Mariana mission, 1670-1673. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Levesque, R. (1995). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 6, Revolts in the Marianas, 1673-1678. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Levesque, R. (1999). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 14, More turmoil in the Marianas, 1746-1773. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Levesque, R. (2001). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 18, Russian expeditions, 1808-1827. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.
Near and Remote Oceania explained PulanSpeaks 2022-09-24 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoReferencesCarson, M. T., Hung, H. C., Summerhayes, G., & Bellwood, P. (2013). The pottery trail from Southeast Asia to remote Oceania. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 8(1), 17-36.Green, R. (1991). Near and Remote Oceania: disestablishing" Melanesia" in culture history. Man and a half: Essays in Pacific Anthropology and Ethnobotany in honour of Ralph Bulmer.Hung, H. C., Carson, M. T., Bellwood, P., Campos, F. Z., Piper, P. J., Dizon, E., ... & Chi, Z. (2011). The first settlement of Remote Oceania: the Philippines to the Marianas. Antiquity, 85(329), 909-926.Pawley, A., & Green, R. (1973). Dating the dispersal of the Oceanic languages. Oceanic Linguistics, 12(1/2), 1-67.Raymo, M. E., Ganley, K., Carter, S., Oppo, D. W., & McManus, J. (1998). Millennial-scale climate instability during the early Pleistocene epoch. Nature, 392(6677), 699-702.Summerhayes, G. R., Leavesley, M., Fairbairn, A., Mandui, H., Field, J., Ford, A., & Fullagar, R. (2010). Human adaptation and plant use in highland New Guinea 49,000 to 44,000 years ago. science, 330(6000), 78-81.Tushingham, A., & Peltier, W. R. (1991). Ice‐3G: A new global model of late Pleistocene deglaciation based upon geophysical predictions of post‐glacial relative sea level change. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 96(B3), 4497-4523.
Covenant of Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) explained PulanSpeaks 2022-04-27 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksMaga'låhi/Maga'håga Patreon SupportersPuti'onPim LimtiacoTimestamp0:00 – Introduction0:11 – Covenant explained in general terms1:50 – Preamble summarized3:23 – Article I4:20 – Article II 4:48 – Article III4:59 – Article IV5:09 – Article V5:33 – Article VI5:45 – Article VII5:54 – Article VIII6:21 – Article IX6:32 – Article X6:46 – Background events leading up to the Covenant8:34 – The Philosophy behind the Covenant Negotiations9:26 – Mutual Consent10:45 – Article V concerning the application of the US constitution11:10 – Section 501(b) Provisions with exceptions to the US constitution12:16 – Section 203 Equal representation in the upper house13:08 – Section 501(a) Limitations on the right to jury trials13:35 – Section 805 Restrictions on land ownership14:20 – US Constitutional exceptions in the CNMI constitution14:53 – Why the US agreed to mutual consent & constitutional exceptions16:09 – Covenant approval and signing17:24 – How you can support my channel!ReferencesAnalysis of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 20 (1976).Com. of Northern Mariana Islands v. Atalig, 723 F.2d 682, 686 n.8 (9th Cir. 1984)“Hearing to Approve "The Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands" Before the Subcomm. on Territorial and Insular Affairs of the House Comm. on Interior and Insular Affairs, 94th Cong., 1st Sess. 376 (1975)” Leibowitz, A. H. (1980). The Marianas Covenant Negotiations. Fordham Int'l LJ, 4, 19.Marianas Political Status Commission, Section by Section Analysis of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 3 (1975).UN Visiting Mission to Trust Territories in the Pacific (1964). United Nations Visiting Mission to Trust Territories in the Pacific: report on the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, together with the relevant resolution of the Trusteeship Council (Report No. T/1628). New York, NY: United Nations.Wabol v. Villacrusis, 908 F.2d 411, 898 F.2d 1381 (9th Cir. 1990)Willens, H. P., & Siemer, D. C. (1976). Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands: Constitutional Principles and Innovation in a Pacific Setting, The. Geo. LJ, 65, 1373.Willens, H. P., & Siemer, D. C. (2001). An Honorable Accord. In An Honorable Accord. University of Hawaii Press.
Origins of the Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia Divide | Tripartite Division of Oceania PulanSpeaks 2022-02-24 | Help me make more videos!Support this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksReferencesD'arcy, P. (2003). Cultural divisions and island environments since the time of Dumont d'Urville. The Journal of Pacific History, 38(2), 217-235.Douglas, B. (2011). Geography, raciology, and the naming of Oceania. Globe, The, (69), 1-28.Douglas, B. (2020, September). Sailors, Savants, Naming: France and the Knowing of Oceania, 1756–1840. In IKUWA6. Shared Heritage: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress for Underwater Archaeology: 28 November–2 December 2016, Western Australian Maritime Museum Fremantle, Western Australia (p. 207). Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.Rainbird, P. (2003). Taking the tapu: Defining Micronesia by absence. The Journal of Pacific History, 38(2), 237-250.Ryan, T. (2002). 'Le President des Terres Australes': Charles de Brosses and the French Enlightenment Beginnings of Oceanic Anthropology. Journal of Pacific History, 37(2), 157-186.Tcherkézoff, S. (2003). A long and unfortunate voyage towards the 'invention' of the Melanesia/Polynesia distinction 1595-1832. The Journal of Pacific History, 175-196.Tcherkézoff, S. (2011). Inventing Polynesia. Changing Contexts, Shifting Meanings: Transformations of Cultural Traditions in Oceania, 123-137.
Languages of Micronesia PulanSpeaks 2021-11-23 | Help me make more videos!Donate to this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksMusicComposer: Ross BugdenSong title: Home SongCheck out Ross Bugden's YouTube channelyoutube.com/channel/UCQKGLOK2FqmVgVwYferltKQReferencesBender, A., & Beller, S. (2021). Ways of counting in Micronesia. Historia Mathematica, 56, 40-72.Ellis, S. J. (2012). Saipan Carolinian, one Chuukic language blended from many (Doctoral dissertation, [Honolulu]:[University of Hawaii at Manoa],[December 2012]).Guérin, V. (2017). The Oceanic Subgroup of the Austronesian Language Family. In A. Aikhenvald & R. Dixon (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Typology (Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics, pp. 911-941). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316135716.029researchgate.net/publication/343602596_The_Oceanic_subgroup_of_Austronesian_languagesHarlow, R. (2007). Maori: A linguistic introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New YorkHughes, K. (2020). The synchronic and diachronic phonology of Nauruan: Towards a definitive classification of an understudied Micronesian language.Jackson, F. H. (1983). The internal and external relationships of Trukic languages of Micronesia (Doctoral dissertation, Univ. of Hawaii Manoa).Pawley, A., Bowden, J., Himmelmann, N., & Ross, M. (2010). A journey through Austronesian and Papuan linguistic and cultural space: Papers in honour of Andrew K. Pawley. Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.core.ac.uk/download/pdf/156653705.pdfQuackenbush, E. M. (1968). From Sonsorol to Truk: A dialect chain. University of Michigan.Smith, A. D. (2017). The Western Malayo-Polynesian problem. Oceanic Linguistics, 435-490.Song, J. J. (2009 )The Migration Pathway of the Proto Nuclear Micronesians: A Linguistic Trail. Macrolinguistics 3(3):26-66
Fino CHamoru is NOT Spanish PulanSpeaks 2021-10-30 | Help me make more videos!Donate to this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksReferencesAlves, M. J. (2001). What’s so Chinese about Vietnamese. In Papers from the ninth annual meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society (pp. 221-242).Blust, R. (2000). Chamorro historical phonology. Oceanic Linguistics, 83-122.Blust, R. (2013). The austronesian languages. Asia-Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.Chung, S. (1998). The design of agreement: Evidence from Chamorro. University of Chicago Press.Chung, S. (2020). Chamorro grammar. http://dx.doi.org/10.48330/E2159RRetrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2sx7...Comrie, B., Haspelmath, M., & Bickel, B. (2008). The Leipzig glossing rules: Conventions for interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme glosses. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology and University of Leipzig.Chamorro, P. (2012). Future Time Reference and Irrealis Modality in Chamorro: A study of preverbal para. In C. Nishida & C. Russi (Eds.), Building a bridge between linguistic communities of the Old and the New World (pp. 91-113). Brill Rodopi.Dworkin, S. N. (2012). A history of the Spanish lexicon: A linguistic perspective. Oxford University Press on Demand.Hammarström, H. (2016). Linguistic diversity and language evolution. Journal of Language Evolution, 1(1), 19-29.Haspelmath, M., & Tadmor, U. (2009). Loanwords in the world's languages: a comparative handbook. Walter de Gruyter.Kattán-Ibarra, J., & Pountain, C. J. (2003). Modern Spanish grammar: a practical guide. Psychology Press.Pagel, S. (2019). The opposite of an anti-creole? Why modern Chamorro is not a new language. In: Language ecology and language contact, ed. Ralph Ludwig, Peter Mühlhäusler, and Steve Pagel, 264–294. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Perry, J. R. (2002). Arabic Language v. Arabic Elements in Persian. Iranica Encyclopædia.Shibatani, M. (1990). The languages of Japan. Cambridge University Press.Shibatani, M., & Bynon, T. (Eds.). (1999). Approaches to language typology. Clarendon Press.Sohn, H. M. (2006). Korean language in culture and society. University of Hawaii press.Stolz, T. (2003). Not quite the right mixture: Chamorro and Malti as candidates for the status of mixed language. In: The mixed language debate: Theoretical and empirical advances, ed. Yaron Matras and Peter Bakker, 271–315. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Stolz, T. (2016). Chamorro inflection. In M. Baerman (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Inflection (pp. 465-490). Oxford University Press.Thomason, S. G. (2001). Language contact. Edinburgh University Press.Topping, D. M., & Dungca, B. C. (1973). Chamorro reference grammar. University of Hawaii Press.Topping, D. M., & Ogo, P. (1980). Spoken Chamorro: with grammatical notes and glossary. University of Hawaii Press.Whitley, M. S. (2002). Spanish/English contrasts: A course in Spanish linguistics. Georgetown University Press.Zagona, K. (2002). The syntax of Spanish. Cambridge University Press.
Estimating the Precolonial Population Size of the Marianas PulanSpeaks 2021-10-22 | Help me make more videos!Donate to this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksReferencesCarrell, T. (1991). Submerged cultural resources assessment of Micronesia (Vol. 36). US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southwest Region, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, Submerged Cultural Resources Unit.Coomans, P. (1997). History of the Mission in the Mariana Islands, 1667-1673 (No. 4). Division of Historic Preservation, Department of Community and Cultural Affairs, Commonwealth of Mariana Islands.Driver, M. C. (1983). Fray Juan Pobre de Zamora and his account of the Mariana Islands.Freycinet, L. C., & de Freycinet, L. (2003). An account of the corvette L’Uranie’s sojourn at the Mariana Islands, 1819 (G. Barratt, Trans.). Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands: Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Division of Historic Preservation.Fritz, G. (2001). The Chamorro: a history and ethnography of the Mariana Islands. Division of Historic Preservation.Garcia, F. S. J. (2004). The life and martyrdom of Diego Luis de San Vitores, S.J., 1683 (J. A. McDonough, Ed.). Mangilao: University of Guam Micronesian Area Research Center.Hainline [Underwood], L. J. (1964). Human Ecology in Micronesia: Determinants of Population Size, Structure and Dynamics (Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles)Hezel, F. X. (1982). From conversion to conquest: The early Spanish mission in the Marianas. The Journal of Pacific History, 17(3), 115-137.Hezel, F. X. (1989). From conquest to colonization: Spain in the Mariana Islands, 1690 to 1740 (No. 2). Division of Historic Preservation.Levesque, R. (1995). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 6, Revolts in the Marianas, 1673-1678. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Levesque, R. (1999). (ed), History of Micronesia. Vol. 14, More turmoil in the Marianas, 1746-1773. Quebec, Canada: Levesque Publications.Morales, L., & le Gobien, C. S. J. (2016). History of the Mariana Islands, 1700 (A. Coello de la Rosa, Ed.). Mangilao: University of Guam Micronesian Area Research Center.McArthur, N. (1967). Island populations of the Pacific. The Australian National University.Shell, R. J. (1999). The Marianas population decline: 17th century estimates.Shell, R. J. (2001). The Ladrones population. Journal of Pacific History, 36(2), 225-236.Spoehr, A. (1954). Saipan, the ethnology of a war-devastated island (Vol. 728). Chicago Natural History Museum.Thompson, L. (1947). Guam and its people.Underwood, J. H. (1973). Population history of Guam: Context of microevolution. Micronesica, 9(1), 11-44.Von Kotzebue, O. (2013). A Voyage of Discovery, Into the South Sea and Beering's Straits, for the Purpose of Exploring a North-East Passage: Undertaken in the Years 1815-1818, at the Expense of His Highness the Chancellor of the Empire, Count Romanzoff, in the Ship Rurick (Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press.
CHamorus: Becoming a Minority in their own Land [Guam] PulanSpeaks 2021-07-05 | Help me make more videos!Donate to this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksReferencesGuam State Data Center Bureau of Statistics and Plans (2012). GuamDemographic Profile Summary File. Retrieved fromhttps://cnas-re.uog.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/KGI_2010-Guam-Demographic-Profile-Study.pdf Unatalan, F. (2021). CHamoru Migration to the US.Retrieved fromguampedia.com/chamorro-migration-to-the-u-s
What Decolonization means for Guam PulanSpeaks 2021-07-01 | Help me make more videos!Donate to this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksFAQ:Q: What does self-determination even mean?A: According to article 2 of UN resolution 1514, Self-Determination is the right of peoples to "freely determine their own political status, and freely pursue their own economic, social, and cultural development."Q: Who are the peoples that have the right to self-determination?A: Colonized peoplesQ: Why did you connect self-determination for Guam with territorial decolonization?A: Because self-determination is understood by the international community as having limited application to entire territories of colonies and not to ethnic groups or secessionist (the exception is consensual secession).Q: What is the source for the political status options? A: UN GA resolution 1514 & 2625Q: What is the difference between a referendum and a plebiscite?A: In the context of self-determination for Guam, they are the same thing. Eligible voters voting on what political status they prefer. Q: So is Guam's political status plebiscite a self-determination referendum?A: Yes, but it's important to note that Guam's plebiscite is non-binding meaning that the United States nor GovGuam is obligated to enact the results.Q: How would Guam make for a binding referendum?A: Through negotiations with the United States and coming to a mutual agreement.Q: How is Guam freely excising self-determination if the United States needs to be negotiated with?A: It's a sad reality. Q: What is the UN's role in all of this?B: The UN monitors the progress of self-determination, supports self-determination through statements that set norms, helps facilitates decolonization, and is the authority in determining whether the territory has been "decolonized" through the removal off the list of Non-Self-Governing Territories.Q: Can the UN force the US to decolonize Guam?A: No.Q: How did Guam became a UN Non-Self-Governing Territory?A: Guam has always been a "Non-Self-Governing" since the 17th century due to colonization. Guam became a formal UN Non-Self-Governing Territory in 1946, when the United States voluntarily placed Guam on the list of Non-Self-Governing Territories.Q: Why is the US responsible for helping self-determination efforts for the people of Guam?A: Article 73 of the UN charter says that the administering power has a responsibility for its' Non-Self-Governing Territory, which includes achieving self-determination.References:Alessandrini, A. C. (Ed.). (2005). Frantz Fanon: critical perspectives. Routledge.Hannum, H. (1993). Rethinking Self-Determination. Va. J. int'l L., 34, 1.Hannum, H. (1998). The Right of Self-determination in the Twenty-First Century. Wash. & Lee L. Rev., 55, 773.Hannum, H. (n.d.). Legal Aspects of Self-Determination. In Encyclopedia Princetoniensis. Retrieved from https://pesd.princeton.edu/?q=node/254Monnig, L. A. (2007). “Proving Chamorro”: Indigenous narratives of race, identity, and decolonization on Guam. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Nagy-Zekmi, S. (2007). Frantz Fanon in new light: Recycling in postcolonial theory. Journal of Caribbean Literatures, 4(3), 129-139.Non-Self-Governing Territories | The United Nations and Decolonization. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2021, from un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/nsgtQvortrup, M. (2015). Voting on Independence and National Issues: A Historical and Comparative Study of Referendums on Self-Determination and Secession. Revue Française de Civilisation Britannique. French Journal of British Studies, 20(XX-2).Roy, A. J. (2001). Sovereignty and Decolonization: Realizing Indigenous Self-Determination at the United Nations and in Canada. University of Victoria.UN General Assembly, The right of peoples and nations to self-determination, 16 December 1952, A/RES/637, available at: refworld.org/docid/3b00f0791c.html [accessed 2 October 2019]UN General Assembly, Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, 14 December 1960, A/RES/1514(XV), available at: refworld.org/docid/3b00f06e2f.html [accessed 2 October 2019]UN General Assembly, Principles which should guide Members in determining whether or not an obligation exists to transmit the information called for under Article 73 e of the Charter, 15 December 1960, A/RES/1541, available at: refworld.org/docid/3b00f0654c.html [accessed 2 October 2019]UN General Assembly, Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, 24 October 1970, A/RES/2625(XXV), available at: refworld.org/docid/3dda1f104.html
Settlement Pattern of Micronesia PulanSpeaks 2021-06-18 | Help me make more videos!Donate to this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksReferencesCarson, M. T. (2013). Austronesian migrations and developments in Micronesia. Journal of Austronesian Studies, 4(1), 25-50.Hughes, K. (2020). The synchronic and diachronic phonology of Nauruan: Towards a definitive classification of an understudied Micronesian language.Kirch, P. V. (2010). Peopling of the Pacific: A holistic anthropological perspective. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39, 131-148.Lipson, M., Skoglund, P., Spriggs, M., Valentin, F., Bedford, S., Shing, R., ... & Reich, D. (2018). Population turnover in Remote Oceania shortly after initial settlement. Current Biology, 28(7), 1157-1165.Rainbird, P. (2004). The archaeology of Micronesia. Cambridge University Press.
Power of Women over their Husbands in Precolonial CHamoru Society PulanSpeaks 2021-06-15 | Help me make more videos!Donate to this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksReferencesDriver, M. C. (1983). Fray Juan Pobre de Zamora and his account of the Mariana Islands.Freycinet, L. C., & de Freycinet, L. (2003). An account of thecorvette L’Uranie’s sojourn at the Mariana Islands, 1819(G. Barratt, Trans.). Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands:Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Division ofHistoric Preservation.Garcia, F. S. J. (2004). The life and martyrdom of Diego Luis deSan Vitores, S.J., 1683 (J. A. McDonough, Ed.). Mangilao:University of Guam Micronesian Area Research Center.Morales, L., & le Gobien, C. S. J. (2016). History of the MarianaIslands, 1700 (A. Coello de la Rosa, Ed.). Mangilao:University of Guam Micronesian Area Research Center.
Ancestral Origins of the CHamorus | The Settling of the Marianas PulanSpeaks 2021-06-03 | Help me make more videos!Donate to this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksTime Stamp0:00 - Introduction0:52 - Archeological evidence3:11 - Genetic evidence6:59 - Linguistic evidence9:00 - Computer sailing simulations9:53 - Disagreement among the Authors10:45 - Reconciling the different conclusionsReferencesBedford, S., & Spriggs, M. (Eds.). (2019). Debating Lapita: Distribution, chronology, society and subsistence (Vol. 52). ANU Press.Bellwood, P. (2011). The checkered prehistory of rice movement southwards as a domesticated cereal—from the Yangzi to the equator. Rice, 4(3-4), 93-103.Blust, R. (2019). The Austronesian homeland and dispersal. Annual Review of Linguistics, 5, 417-434.Blust, R. (2013). The austronesian languages. Asia-Pacific Linguistics, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University.Blust, R. (2000). Chamorro historical phonology. Oceanic Linguist, 39, 82–122.Carson, M. T., Hung, H. C., Summerhayes, G., & Bellwood, P. (2013). On the trail of decorative pottery style from Southeast Asia to the Pacific. J I Coast Archaeol, 8, 17–36.Carson, M. T., & Kurashina, H. (2012). Re-envisioning long-distance remote oceanic migration:Early dates in the Mariana Islands. World Archaeol, 44, 409–435.Fitzpatrick, S. M., & Callaghan, R. T. (2013). Estimating trajectories of colonisation to the Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Antiquity, 87(337), 840-853.Hung, H. C., Carson, M. T., Bellwood, P., Campos, F., Piper, P. J., Dizon, E., et al. (2011). The first settlement of remote Oceania: The Philippines to the Marianas. Antiquity, 85, 909–926.Hung, H. C., Carson, M. T., & Bellwood, P. (2012). Earliest settlement in the Marianas—A response. Antiquity, 86(333), 910-914.Hunter-Anderson, R. L. (2013). Migration for Settlement or Home Range Expansion: What caused people to first come to the Marianas c. 3500 years ago? 2nd Marianas History Conference. Guampedia.Hunter-Anderson, R. L., & Moore, D. R. (2001). The Marianas pottery sequence revisited. In Ceramic Tradition Workshop, International Symposium on Austronesian Cultures: Issues Relating to Taiwan. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Taipei.Hunter-Anderson, R. L., Thompson, G. B., & Moore, D. R. (1995). Rice as a prehistoric valuable in the Mariana Islands, Micronesia. Asian Perspectives, 69-89.Kirch, P. V. (2010). Peopling of the Pacific: A holistic anthropological perspective. Annual Review of Anthropology, 39, 131-148.Montenegro, Á., Callaghan, R. T., & Fitzpatrick, S. M. (2016). Using seafaring simulations and shortest-hop trajectories to model the prehistoric colonization of Remote Oceania. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(45), 12685-12690.Pugach, I., Hübner, A., Hung, H. C., Meyer, M., Carson, M. T., & Stoneking, M. (2021). Ancient DNA from Guam and the peopling of the Pacific. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(1).Reid, L. 2002. Morphosyntactic evidence for the position of Chamorro in the Austronesian language family, in R.S. Bauer (ed.) Collected papers on Southeast Asian and Pacific languages (Pacific Linguistics 530): 63–94. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.Sablan, J. (2021). Ancient DNA provide more detail of CHamoru migrationguampdn.com/story/news/local/2021/03/01/ancient-dna-provides-more-detail-history-chamoru-migration-marianas/6857675002Smith, A. D. (2017). The Western Malayo-Polynesian problem. Oceanic Linguistics, 435-490.Spriggs, M. (2007). The Neolithic and Austronesian expansion within Island Southeast Asia and into the Pacific. In S. Chiu & C. Sand (Eds.), From Southeast Asia to the Pacific: Archaeological Perspectives on the Austronesian Expansion and the Lapita Cultural Complex(pp. 104–140). Taipei: Center for Archaeological Studies, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica.Vilar, M. G., Chan, C. W., Santos, D. R., Lynch, D., Spathis, R., Garruto, R. M., & Lum, J. K. (2013). The origins and genetic distinctiveness of the Chamorros of the Marianas Islands: An mtDNA perspective. American Journal of Human Biology, 25(1), 116-122.Winter, O., Clark, G., Anderson, A., & Lindahl, A. (2012). Austronesian sailing to the northern Marianas, a comment on Hung et al. Antiquity, 86(1), 898-914.Zobel, E. (2002). The position of Chamorro and Palauan in the Austronesian family tree: Evidence from verb morphosyntax. The history and typology of western Austronesian voice systems, 405-434.
Three CHamoru Diaspora Speak about their Experiences and CHamoru Identity PulanSpeaks 2021-05-26 | Help me make more videos!Donate to this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaks
Rare Precolonial non-shell CHamoru Jewelry & Body Ornaments PulanSpeaks 2021-05-23 | Help me make more videos!Donate to this channel! patreon.com/pulanspeaksFollow me!instagram.com/pulanspeakstwitter.com/PulanSpeaksfacebook.com/PulanSpeaksCredit to Mike Carson for providing expertise and many of the picturesReferencesAmesbury, J. R., Walth, C. K., & Bayman, J. M. (2020). Marine shell ornaments and the political economy of gendered power in the Mariana Islands. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 1-20.Amesbury, J. R. & Walth C. K. (2016). WHO WEARS THE BEADS? 2,000 Years of Ornaments from an Archaeological Site on Guam. Carson, M. T. (2017). Rediscovering Heritage through Artefacts, Sites, and Landscapes: Translating a 3500-year Record at Ritidian, Guam. Access Archaeology.Carson, M. T. (2016). Archaeological landscape evolution: the Mariana Islands in the Asia-Pacific region. Springer.Carson, M. T. (2008). Refining earliest settlement in Remote Oceania: renewed archaeological investigation at Unai Bapot, Saipan. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 3(1), 115-139.Noone, M. J. (1980). The islands saw it: the discovery and conquest of the Philippines, 1521-1581. Helicon Press.Walth, C. K. (2013) Archaeological Investigations at the Naton Beach Site, Tumon Bay, Guam, vol. ii: The Osteological Analysis of the Human Remains. swca report no. 13-504. Draft report prepared for guam hotel okura, guam. guam: swca
