The Ancient Celtic Languages ABAlphaBeta 2019-11-03 | Proto-Celtic, Common Brittonic, Pictish, Archaic Irish, Gaulish, Celtiberian, Lusitanian, Gallaecian, Noric, Lepontic, Cisalpine Gaulish, Galatian; you name it, I've got it in this video showcasing the Celtic Diaspora at the turn of the first millenium.Sources:“Some common developments of Continental and Insular Celtic”, in Gaulois et celtique continental, eds. Pierre-Yves Lambert & Georges-Jean Pinault. Geneva: Droz, 2017 pp. 357–371.Brythonic Celtic—Britannisches Keltisch: From Medieval British to Modern Breton, ed. Elmar Ternes. Bremen: Hempen Verlag 2011“The Rise and Fall of British Latin: Evidence from English and Brittonic”, in The Celtic Roots of English, eds. Markkuu Filppula, Juhani Klemola, & Heli Pitkänen. Joensuu: University of Joensuu, Faculty of Humanities, 2002 pp. 87–110.Xavier Delamarre, Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise (Éditions Errance, 2003)Guto Rhys' The Earliest Personal Names of the NorthGuto Rhys' The Pictish Language - A HistoriographyRhys, Guto (2015) Approaching the Pictish language: historiography, early evidence and the question of Pritenic, University of Glasgow.The Digital Irish Dictionary (eDIL)David Stifter's SengoídelcEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic by Ranko Matasovic
David Grusch Alien Pilot Language (Leaked Audio) ABAlphaBeta 2023-07-29 | Real archival footage leaked by NASIC on 28 July 2023. Comforting the Drake equation, the being has human-like vocal chords; it is clear that extra-terrestrial life resembles humanity and the language is human-like, though the alien larynx shows quirky abnormalities.
Lord Thomas and Fair Annie (AI Cover) ABAlphaBeta 2023-07-28 | 00:00 Sonic00:45 Sheldon Cooper01:30 Saul Goodman02:15 Cleveland Brown03:00 Darth Vader03:45 Ariana Grande04:30 Minion05:15 Everyone
Peter Griffin - Pange Lingua Gloriosi (AI Song) ABAlphaBeta 2023-07-17 | Peter Griffin always has time to get down on his knees to pray and sing some plainchant. #shorts
Historical Recipe: Fresh Cheese (Broadly Eurasian, General) ABAlphaBeta 2022-09-28 | Whenever a historical recipe video on the channel refers to fresh, homemade cheese, it will link back to this recipe. If you're interested in a quick substitute, ricotta is the closest and paneer isn't far off. The concept of cheese-making hasn't really changed much since the process of deliberate cheese-making was perfected (whenever it was invented in a culture, it was likely because of accidentally storing milk in a container made from the stomach of an animal, the lining of which contains rennet).
Medieval Recipe: Orange Omelette for Pimps and Harlots (Italy, 15th c.) ABAlphaBeta 2022-09-16 | Fritatis de pomeranciis is a dish recommended by Johannes Bockenheim in his Registrum coquine. A simple dish, it's easy to replicate (minus the fact that crops have constantly evolved through history in ways that are sometimes hard to replicate exactly). He recommends it for pimps and harlots - as to why, you will see...INGREDIENTSova (3 eggs)pomerancius (1 bitter orange or 1 orange mixed with 1/2 lemon’s juice)zucarum (1 tablespoon sugar)oleum olive (1 tablespoon olive oil)[unmentioned] (salt to taste)00:00 Ingredients00:21 Recipe03:57 Taste test04:15 History04:37 Reading05:19 Sources
Voice of the Past: Arthur Conan Doyle ABAlphaBeta 2022-09-13 | 0:00 Sherlock Holmes1:22 Spiritualism#voiceofthepast #conandoyle #history
Meme Characters Read the Beowulf Prologue in Old English ABAlphaBeta 2022-06-20 | I'm not sure what else to say.Hwæt! We Gardena in geardagum,þeodcyninga, þrym gefrunon,hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon.Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum,monegum mægþum, meodosetla ofteah,egsode eorl(as)*. Syððan ærest wearðfeasceaft funden, he þæs frofre gebad,weox under wolcnum, weorðmyndum þah,oðþæt him æghwylc þara ymbsittendraofer hronrade hyran scolde,gomban gyldan. þæt wæs god cyning.*The manuscript strictly has eorl, most amend it to eorlas for syntactic and metrical purposes. Since the premise of the meme is that they're reading the manuscript, I kept eorl.00:00 Peter Griffin00:28 Walter White00:58 Carl Wheezer01:49 Spongebob Squarepants02:20 Super Mario02:53 Arthur Morgan03:41 Keanu Reeves04:19 Donald Duck05:02 Michael Rosen05:32 Lamar Davis06:05 GlaDOS06:46 Bootleg Darth Vader07:30 Master Yoda08:04 Microsoft Sam08:41 Gordon Ramsay09:16 Chalcedon-compliant Sonic09:56 Big Chungus10:31 Scuffed Luigi
Voice of the Past: Otto von Bismarck ABAlphaBeta 2022-06-13 | Sorry for the audio quality, but with this much interference it's just not really salvageable without being a professional audio restorer.00:08 English00:19 German00:30 Latin00:43 French
Voice of the Past: Emperor Puyi ABAlphaBeta 2022-05-02 | Puyi is a little-known emperor to those who aren't WW1 and 2 nerds, but he was an interesting man by all accounts. Deposed just before WW1 by the Chinese Republicans, he was reinstated as Emperor of the rump state of Manchukuo, which was a puppet of the Japanese Empire. In these two interviews, he is quizzed about the potential of TV technology while in exile in the 30s, two years before being reinstated as emperor; the second is after WW2, with some answering to do about his whereabouts and interactions with Japan during the war. Unique amongst most people who had helped the Axis in some way (even unwillingly) he was spared and went on to live a life as a gardener under the Communists, to which he gave support (or at least public lip-service).#voiceofthepast #history #puyi #emperor #China
Voice of the Past: Alfonso XIII ABAlphaBeta 2022-04-30 | King Alfonso XIII of Spain's voice in both Spanish and English.Spanish: 0:00English: 6:10#history #voiceofthepast #voice #Alfonso #spanish #king #monarchy #royalty
Voice of the Past: Vladimir Lenin ABAlphaBeta 2022-04-19 | Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known as Lenin (a pseudonym adopted when in exile and probably derived from the river Lena), delivers a speech on how he thinks the working class can be saved. A Russian theorist, politician and revolutionary that needs no introduction, but who is controversial in the West, like most Russian communists, in light of the 20th century polarisation of an Eastern Bloc in favour of communism (often forcibly) and a Western one in favour of maintaining capitalism (often forcibly).#history #voiceofthepast #Lenin
Voice of the Past: Émile Durkheim ABAlphaBeta 2022-04-17 | The philosopher and sociologist Émile Durkheim presents a small essay for the linguistic audio project of his colleagues at the Sorbonne in 1913.#history #audio #pastrecordings #oldaudio #Durkheim #Emile #French #philosophy #sociology #historical
Voice of the Past: Guillaume Apollinaire ABAlphaBeta 2022-04-15 | The voice of Guillaume Apollinaire reciting his poem 'Sous le pont Mirabeau' in 1913.#past #earlyrecordings #history #historical #Apollinaire #Mirabeau
MEDIEVAL Lamar roasts Franklin in OLD FRENCH ABAlphaBeta 2021-01-26 | Seignors, oï avez maint conteQue maint conteres vos aconte,Coment Delamare honi Franchelaine,Les max qu’il en ot et la paine,Du grant Chongues qui le conil fist,Qui assez belement en distEt fables et chançons de gestes :Romanz de con ou foltre avoec beste
Renaissance French - Mignonne, allons voir si la rose - Pierre de Ronsard (16th c. pronunciation) ABAlphaBeta 2020-12-11 | The main features are the rolled r, different vowels and nasal vowels, different diphthongs (/we/ for oi) and the tripartite pronunciation (on its own, before a pause/end of the sentence/null and before a vowel).
The Pater in 1912, sung in Reconstructed Pronunciation by Abbé Meunier ABAlphaBeta 2020-10-30 | The Abbot Jean-Marie Meunier (b. 1862) recites the Pater, prefaced by a few lines, as was done during communion. He adopts the reconstructed "Ciceronian" pronunciation in vogue at the time among the academic and educational elite. While some still argued over some points (v as /v/), Meunier largely recites it exactly as reconstructed today, barring length (as it is sung, and still in an ecclesiastical context at that), maybe vowel quality and certainly nasalisation.
Practicing an North Old Scots Poem ABAlphaBeta 2020-09-16 | A. J. Aitken: How to pronounce Older Scots (1977)
Norse (Viking) Burial, 10th century Iceland (The Outlaw) ABAlphaBeta 2020-09-13 | Scene is from the film The Outlaw, which I don't own any rights to. But it's well-known as one of the most accurate depictions of Norse society to have been made, and I think this scene is particularly interesting.
12th century Old French - De Bone Amor by Gace Brulé ABAlphaBeta 2020-08-29 | Old French, slightly tinged by Champenois, as it was spoken in the 12th century.
Earliest Middle English Texts - St Godrics Hymns (1100s AD) ABAlphaBeta 2020-08-28 | There is also a third one, not included here. In the spirit of full disclosure, I got the IPA from this from Timothy McGee's excellent Singing Early Music - please check it out, it has really great information on singing Western European languages throughout history with some very, very good diachronic tables. Some of it is sometimes generalising or inaccurate, but it is more or less perfect anyway, even delving into French regional languages like Medieval Picard (video coming soon!).
17th century London Accent According to Robert Robinson ABAlphaBeta 2020-08-24 | This shows signs of being somewhere in the "middle-class" sociolect, as far as I can tell (don't trust me on that!), given the merger of certain vowels but not others and ostensibly a retention of trilled r- (which, though Crystal generalises it to modern r everywhere, was clearly common until at least the late 17th century if not after).His transcription is not the easiest to follow - while he often helpfully marks what is voiced, unvoiced, he also sometimes leaves it blank (so he'll mark "this is voiced d", "this is devoiced to t" but then leave a "d" hanging around without indicating if it is d or t. I went with Modern English where possible, even though he technically wrote things like "erdh" without diacritics, so it could plausibly be erð as much as erth.He does not systematically write trilled r, but he does indicate it sometimes - I have accordingly, just as with the voiced and devoiced ambiguity, rendered Vr as rhotacised and r-/Cr as trilled.His transcription is honestly of interest - my next video will probably be of his notation of a Latin poem in the same alphabet, now that I am somewhat familiar with it. It's a sort of Proto-IPA that, while lacking in perfect rigour (see above re: not always marking voicing) and sometimes making mistakes (lack of schwa is a bit suspicious to me, but maybe it genuinely didn't exist yet, despite presence in Middle English?), is very very useful to knowing what the language was like at the time.
16th Century Formal Toledan Spanish Dialogue ABAlphaBeta 2020-08-17 | This dialect was spoken by the upper class of Toledan (and surrounding) society up to the late 16th century. Deliberately more archaic than other varieties, one of its speakers, Juan de Valdés (who is incidentally portraying himself in the manner of a Greco-Roman Dialogue here) wrote a Dialogo in order to criticise other dialects of Spanish which were changing away from the Medieval standard Toledans and noblemen still affected. In this particular bit, he says that the author Nebrija ("Librixa" here, to not get accused of actually criticising him) speaks Spanish 'incorrectly' because he is from Andalusia. This is (taking my historian's cap off) a bit regionalist and petty, but the source does show how Toledans and Andalusians spoke, and that Andalusians were perceived as lesser latinists, which is invaluable.0:00 Early Modern Spanish3:43 Modern Spanish
Prima Fabella - Fabellae Latinae (Pronunciation Practice, Classical Latin) ABAlphaBeta 2020-08-13 | ...
FEMALE LATIN WRITER - Vindolanda: Claudia Severas Birthday Letter ABAlphaBeta 2020-07-20 | A rather simple letter compared to the kind of Classical Latin usually taught to people, or that people usually think about. While there is still a degree of formality, there are some traces of the Vulgar dialect (Septembres, karissima), and it is actually quite intimate ('soror' was the 'sis' of the time, very informal, casual and personal). Letters were very formulaic, which also makes us analyse it as formal, especially in the opening and closing "Y to X: greetings! // To X from Y" - but not only is this part of the formula letters had to have (like how you don't write an essay in slang today, you didn't write a letter in slang back then! While people swore orally, it was too crass for writing - this is why, with only textual evidence, we tend to overestimate how formal the people were. In letters, they are a bit more laidback - Cicero makes sex jokes), it's also noteworthy that you never started formal, official letters that way (if you sent, to the pope, "X to the pope, kind regards!" that would practically be an affront!).The letter tells us a bit about women, female authors, familial life on the frontier, letters, life and casual events, especially - as here - a birthday. It is noteworthy as being one of the only documents known to be written by a woman - a lot more are, but we don't know since they are slaves, did not say so, have been misidentified, are anonymous copies, unsigned letters, etc. Part of the letter is written by a slave, the formal part - but from "soror" onwards, imploring her to come, it is written cursively in what we assume to be her own hand - rather more elegant and finer, even though whoever wrote the bit before (her husband, son, servant or slave? Even a friend? We'll never know) had the same kind of high, uncial writing. It is quite formal, with no ligatures and very carefully written. The support is a birch back panel, quite frequent in Britain and Vindolanda.The original is in British Vulgar Latin c. 100 AD. My one liberty was bringing forward intervocalic epenthesis a bit, which although it likely did start happening in a lot of words with short -i- (domine to domne, anima to anma) in the first century, the process only finalised concretely and completely a century or two later.0:00 Vulgar Latin0:39 English
Oldest Customer Complaint: Akkadian Tablet to Ea-Nasir (1750 BC) ABAlphaBeta 2020-07-19 | Nanni wants to speak to the manager.The English translation is from A. Leo Oppenheim's Letters from Mesopotamia.0:00 Akkadian0:14 English
Forms of Esperanto (Slang, Medieval, Scientific...!) ABAlphaBeta 2020-07-17 | Some of the different dialects of Esperanto that were formed over the years. Left some out however!
Evolution of the Portuguese Flag (1095-Today) ABAlphaBeta 2020-07-15 | ROYAL BANNERS OF ARMS SERVING AS WHOLE KINDGOM'S FLAG0:00 Count Henrique | 1095 AD0:05 King Afonso I | 1143 AD0:10 King Sancho I | 1185 AD0:14 King Afonso III | 1248 AD0:20 King João I | 1385 AD0:25 King João II | 1485 ADCOATS OF ARMS SERVING AS THE WHOLE KINGDOM'S FLAG0:30 King Manuel I | 1495 AD0:35 King João III | 1521 AD0:40 King Sebastião I | 1578 AD0:45 King João IV | 1640 AD0:50 King Pedro II | 1667 AD0:55 King João V | 1707 AD1:00 King José I | 1750 AD1:05 King João VI | 1816 ADNATIONAL FLAGS1:10 Queen Maria II | 1830 AD1:15 Variant of Queen Maria's flag that gave rise to the current flag.REPUBLICAN FLAG1:17 Flag of the Republic of Portugal | 1911 ADMusic is Tic Tac Fado Instrumental under the CC BY-SA 3.0 licence.
Evolution of the English Flag (1188-Today) ABAlphaBeta 2020-07-14 | 0:00 White-on-red cross, the English variant of the Crusading emblem, the Flag of Saint George | 1188 AD0:05 Red-on-white cross, general flag of the time | b. 1400 AD0:10 First Union Flag, combined with Scotland's flag of Saint Andrew | 1606 AD0:15 Variant of the Union Flag putting the Scottish cross at the front | 1606 AD0:18 Modern Union Flag, incorporating Ireland's Cross of Saint Patrick | 1801 AD
Sonnet 116 by Shakespeare in Original Pronunciation ABAlphaBeta 2020-07-13 | A poem about the deception of love, masquerading as a love poem. Clever Will.Let me not to the marriage of true mindsAdmit impediments. Love is not loveWhich alters when it alteration finds,Or bends with the remover to remove:Oh no, it is an ever-fixed mark,That looks on tempests and is never shaken;It is the star to every wandering bark,Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken.Love's not Time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeksWithin his bending sickle's compass come;Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,But bears it out even to the edge of doom. If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved.
Evolution of Words from Latin to French ABAlphaBeta 2020-07-07 | A few words of basic vocabulary and how they developed from Classical Latin to French. Thank you Iron Inquisitor for the idea, on how hoc ille became oui!
Biggus Dickus, Dubbed in Latin ABAlphaBeta 2020-07-03 | Uxōrem habet, scītisne.Joke names:Longus Cattus: long cat (just a funny plausible praenomen and nomen that I saw in a meme post, also mimicks "Longinus Panthera", one of Jesus' legendary fathers, quite well)Stultillus Verpinus: silly dick (just a funny name like Sillius Soddus)Erectus Muto: erect cock (it was hard to translate Biggus Dickus in a funny way. Hope I did well!)Agripipinna: farm willy, farm pee-pee (from agri 'farm's' and pipinna 'willy, pee-pee". A pun on Agrippina, which just means "related to Agrippa", which is itself of unknown origin).Very puerile, but they work in the context :D.Interesting how Latin sōdēs 'that's it' is similar to Japanese sō desu 'that's it', right?Comment thoughts about the video, requests and any fruit for discussion below!
Beowulf Compared in Five Translations ABAlphaBeta 2020-07-02 | Five different translations: Tolkien's, Chickering's, Morgan's, Heaney's and then my own. Which do you prefer? Let me know in the comments, and if possible why! Also included is the original for comparison, both textual and oral. Enjoy!
