But WHY does Welsh have mutations? (History & Info) hir-iaith 2022-08-08 | Maybe you already know that the Welsh language has mutations, and maybe you even know how they work, but WHAT are they really? Why do they exist? Where do they com from?If you already speak Welsh but don't know exactly why you ended up with mutations or if you have only a vague notion that some languages have a thing called "mutations", this video will show how they came about. This is a short history of mutations in Welsh. Go from memorising grammar rules to actually understanding why grammar is the way it is!
S4C Heno, 19 Hyd, Rodolfo Piskorski, y person cyntaf i wneud y prawf dinasyddiaeth y DU yn Gymraeg hir-iaith 2022-04-06 | ...
QUIZ! Can you pass the citizenship test in WELSH? Allet ti basior prawf dinasyddiaeth yn Gymraeg? hir-iaith 2021-09-24 | To naturalise as a British citizen, applicants have to pass a test called "Life in the UK", also known as "the citizenship test". Legally, it can be taken in English, Welsh, or Scottish Gaelic.I was the first person to take the test in Welsh, even though I'm still a learner!Challenge yourself by answering these citizenship questions in Welsh!Video mostly in Welsh, with subtitles in Welsh and in English. See instructions in the beginning of the video for turning on subtitles and changing language.Er mwyn dinasyddio fel dinesydd Prydeinig, mae'n rhaid i ymgeiswyr basio prawf o'r enw "Life in the UK", neu "y prawf dinasyddiaeth". Yn gyfreithiol, mae'n gallu cael ei gymryd yn Saesneg, Cymraeg, neu Gaeleg yr Alban.Fi oedd y person cyntaf i sefyll y prawf yn Gymraeg, er fy mod i dal yn ddysgwr!Heriwch eich hun trwy ateb y cwestiynau dinasyddiaeth hyn yn Gymraeg!Fideo yn Gymraeg yn bennaf, gydag isdeitlau yn Gymraeg ac yn Saesneg. Gwelwch y cyfarwyddiadau ar ddechrau'r fideo ar gyfer troi is-deitlau a newid iaith.
Welsh grammar browser extension - Find mutations as you read! hir-iaith 2021-09-14 | Hir-iaith Hi-lite a grammar-first reading companion for Welsh learners, available as a browser extension for Chrome and Edge or as a website.On the Chrome Web Store: chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/hir-iaith-hi-lite/hkooaeefbgfhbiodamdhibfahfmoifaoOnline: https://www.hiriaith.cymru/hiliteHi-lite is a tool to analyse words in context and to learn their use. It helps you understand not only what individual words mean, but also their grammatical function in sentences, their different forms, and why their form changes.It displays the part of speech of each word in selected sentences, colour-coded and flagged via icons for ease of use. Depending on the word, it also shows other grammatical information, such as tense, grammatical person, gender, etc.It can also detect Welsh mutations in selected sentences and provide the grammatical rule governing each mutation.It can help you expand your vocabulary, improve your writing, and get your head around Welsh grammar usage!Comments and feedback, please contact: twitter.com/hiriaith
WELSH vs ENGLISH vowels - Which one has more? hir-iaith 2021-07-06 | A common comment made about the Welsh language, which is usually interpreted as derogatory, is that it has no or very few vowels.I analyse what this statement actually means and look at the issue from different approaches. Since it is usually native speakers of English who make this accusation, I compare Welsh to English to give context to the info about Welsh I provide.I make use of published data on letter and phoneme occurrence, scholarship, and phonological textbooks in order to put together numerical data about vowels in English and in Welsh, which I then compare.The video approaches the issues from 4 angles: vowel letter inventory, vowel letter frequency, vowel (sound) inventory, and vowel frequency. The fact is that Welsh has more vowels than English in all these four ways of analysing it.DIGRAPH DISCLAIMER: I know that combinations such as "ch" and "ll" are considered one letter each in Welsh, and are listed in the alphabet, but I counted them as two letters. Why? They're usually called digraphs, which means they are a pair of letters representing a single sound. But Welsh considers them to be a single letter anyway, so in what way are they a digraph? They are digraphs because they are composed of two separate "glyphs". The large number of digraphs in Welsh creates the impression of an abundance of consonants, but I didn't count digraphs as one otherwise I'd have to count English digraphs such "th" or "ss" as one letter as well, which I think would detract too much from the lay understanding of what a letter in printed text is.All these issues are irrelevant when I count vowel phonemes, which is the most important number. The abundance of digraphs in writing should mean that there are far fewer consonant phonemes than consonant letters, but the overall consonant/vowel proportion remains the same in Welsh both in writing and in speech because there is an equivalent reduction in the vowel count due to the fact that diphthongs are a single vowel but are also represented by two glyphs.If "ch", "ll", etc were counted as single letters, Welsh texts would have a whopping 47% of vowels as a proportion of all letters. I'm sure this number is much higher than would be obtainable for English, but I didn't do this calculation for English as it would involve deciding what to count as digraphs, such as "ss", "nn", "th" etc.
Learn Welsh pronunciation! - PRONUNCIATION APP hir-iaith 2021-06-24 | Learn more about the companion website to this channel:https://www.hiriaith.cymruSo far, it consists of an interactive app detailing the rules of Welsh pronunciation based on spelling, with audio recordings of sounds and words, comparisons with English, and much more useful information.A bonus feature is an interactive tool to learn how to pronounce the words of the Welsh national anthem!Currently, the website is meant to be used on a desktop computer, but if you can only open it on mobile, use landscape mode. I don't recommend that you use Safari browser as it is not running properly on it.Special thanks to Elgan Rhys for recording the Northern Welsh sounds.And to Fernando Pabst Silva for building the website!
What is grammatical gender? (Tips for Welsh Learners) hir-iaith 2021-05-25 | If you're learning Welsh, you're probably a native speaker of English, which is one of the only European languages that doesn't have grammatical genders, but Welsh does!In this video I explain what grammatical gender REALLY IS to help you get your head around the concept and make it easier for you to learn the actual rules later.I also give you some tips and tricks on how to learn, record, and memorise the gender of Welsh words.I include comparisons to other European languages and some general insights from linguistics.Check out the BONUS ROUND to this video, with extra info about gender: youtube.com/watch?v=iqGVqp9xMbcAnd a short video with a quick overview of ALL the grammar rules regarding gender in Welsh: youtube.com/watch?v=A1fcdrz-i7YI apologise for using such traditional colours to represent masculine and feminine. I think colour-coding can be quite useful when classifying things during language learning and, since learners are having to acquire a new system of classification, it makes it easier if the colour coding uses the "familiar" colours.
Grammatical gender in different European languages + focus on WELSH hir-iaith 2021-05-25 | BONUS ROUND (ROWND FONWS) to the main video about grammatical gender.In the main video I explain what grammatical gender is and give you some tips on how to learn the gender of words in Welsh: youtube.com/watch?v=i6LirSH6_UYIn this video I give you some more info about grammatical gender: its history and how it works differently in other European languages. Some more cool facts and curiosities about gender in Welsh!There are some word endings in Welsh that mark the gender of the word, but this is easier to list in writing than in a video.MASCULINE NOUNSa) those ending in -WR -YDD -YN (many refer to people)cyfreithiwr (lawyer), gwresogydd (heater), mochyn (pig)b) those (usually abstract) nouns ending in:-DEB (purdeb, purity)-DER (balchder, pride)-DID (glendid, hygiene)-DOD (plentyndod, childhood)-DRA (twpdra, stupidity)-EDD (edmygedd, admiration)-HAD (mwynhad, enjoyment)-IAD (ysgariad, separation)-IANT (hyfforddiant, training)-NI (culni, narrowness)-RWYDD (dwyieithrwydd, bilingualism)-WCH (tristwch, sadness)FEMININE NOUNSa) those ending in -EN and -ESrhaglen (programme), tywysoges (princess)b) many nouns ending in -AETH and -ASswyddogaeth (function), priodas (wedding)EXCEPTIONS: gwasanaeth (service), gwahaniaeth (difference), and hiraeth (longing) are masculine.c) those ending in -FAarhosfa (waiting room), swyddfa (office)GENDER OF NOUNS ACCORDING TO MEANINGa) names of the days, months, seasons and points of the compass are MASCULINEb) names of countries, rivers and languages are generally FEMININEc) units of time from second to year alternate between feminine and masculine, starting from feminine:FEMININE MASCULINEeiliad (second) munud (masculine)awr (hour) dydd (day)wythnos (week) mis (month)blwyddyn (year)I apologise for using such traditional colours to represent masculine and feminine. I think colour-coding can be quite useful when classifying things during language learning and, since learners are having to acquire a new system of classification, it makes it easier if the colour coding uses the "familiar" colours.
Welsh Grammar - Grammatical Gender (ALL THE RULES IN ONE PLACE) hir-iaith 2021-05-25 | Overview of ALL the contexts where grammatical gender will be make a difference to a sentence in Welsh.Companion video to my main video explaining what grammatical gender is: youtube.com/watch?v=i6LirSH6_UYIn the main video, I mention another situation where you might need to be aware of grammatical genders, which is when using a pronoun to refer to another noun (as we do in English with "it" to avoid repeating a word, but in Welsh you have to use "he" or "she" in agreement with the gender of the noun): youtu.be/i6LirSH6_UY?t=295 (at 4:55)I apologise for using such traditional colours to represent masculine and feminine. I think colour-coding can be quite useful when classifying things during language learning and, since learners are having to acquire a new system of classification, it makes it easier if the colour coding uses the "familiar" colours.
Brazilian takes Welsh test to become British (CNN Brasil) (Eng subs) hir-iaith 2021-05-13 | CNN Brasil short feature about the Welsh language
I took the UK citizenship test IN WELSH hir-iaith 2021-05-13 | Intro video for my new channel with tips and tricks about studying Welsh, from a language teacher who is now learning Welsh to other Welsh learners!This video gives some background info about me as I was the first person to take the UK citizenship test in Welsh.News coverage:bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-54355166bbc.co.uk/cymrufyw/54327011inews.co.uk/news/wales-brazilian-british-citizenship-test-welsh-language-676945https://golwg.360.cymru/cylchgrawn/2033013-brasil-dinesydd-cymruLife in the UK Test website:gov.uk/life-in-the-uk-testWikipedia page about the test:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_in_the_United_Kingdom_testFlorian Breit's blog:blog.florian.me.uk/2015/08/sufficient-knowledge-of-englishFreedom of Information requests about tests taken in Welsh:whatdotheyknow.com/request/life_in_the_uk_tests_in_scottishwhatdotheyknow.com/request/life_in_the_uk_tests_taken_in_wewhatdotheyknow.com/request/life_in_the_uk_tests_taken_in_we_2Official Life in the UK Test study material:officiallifeintheuk.co.uk/shopQuizlet vocabulary study set:quizlet.com/gb/465142086/bywyd-yn-y-du-flash-cardsCrowdfunding campaign page:gofundme.com/f/my-welsh-citizenship-fy-ninasyddiaeth-gymreigTwitter:twitter.com/hiriaith00:00 - Intro00:13 - Description of channel01:13 - Overview of this video01:50 - What is the Life in the UK Test?02:21 - Why I decided to take the test in Welsh03:33 - The right to take the test in Welsh05:06 - How I took the test in Welsh05:51 - How I studied for the test07:56 - Taking the test08:44 - After taking the test09:29 - Preview of channel content
Seremoni ddinasydiaeth yn Gymraeg / Citizenship ceremony in Welsh hir-iaith 2020-09-27 | Fideo yn cefnogi fy ymgyrch codi arian am fy nghais dinasyddiaeth, ar ôl i fi fod y person cyntaf i sefyll y prawf dinasyddiaeth yn Gymraeg: gofundme.com/f/my-welsh-citizenship-fy-ninasyddiaeth-gymreigVideo supporting my crowdfunding campaign to fund my citizenship application, after I was the first person to sit the citizenship test in Welsh: gofundme.com/f/my-welsh-citizenship-fy-ninasyddiaeth-gymreig
Helpwch fi i ddod yn ddinesydd Cymreig / Help me become a Welsh citizen 🏴 hir-iaith 2020-09-22 | Fideo yn cefnogi fy ymgyrch codi arian am fy nghais dinasyddiaeth, ar ôl i fi fod y person cyntaf i sefyll y prawf dinasyddiaeth yn Gymraeg: gofundme.com/f/my-welsh-citizenship-fy-ninasyddiaeth-gymreigVideo supporting my crowdfunding campaign to fund my citizenship application, after I was the first person to sit the citizenship test in Welsh: gofundme.com/f/my-welsh-citizenship-fy-ninasyddiaeth-gymreig
