Vox
How Americans got stuck with endless drug ads
updated
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In this excerpt from The Gray Area podcast, Coates discusses his new book of essays, The Message.
The Message covers a lot of ground, but the largest section of the book is about Coates’s trip to the Middle East and the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. Coates argues that the situation is not as complicated as most of us believe.
You can find the audio version of this episode and many more from The Gray Area at vox.com/the-gray-area. The Gray Area is a Vox podcast that takes a philosophy-minded look at culture, technology, politics, and the world of ideas. Each week, we invite a guest to explore a question or topic that matters. From the state of democracy, to the struggle with depression and anxiety, to the nature of identity in the digital age, each episode looks for nuance and honesty.
Sources and further reading:
Ta-Nehisi Coates: ta-nehisicoates.com
Sean Illing: https://x.com/seanilling
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While making a grilled cheese the other day, a question popped into my mind: Why is cheese often yellow even though milk is white?
Of course, this isn’t entirely true across the (cheese)board — cheese comes in a remarkable range of colors, from pale white to deep yellow-orange. Take cheddar, for instance — it can be found in both shades. So which color is the "real" cheese?
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While making a grilled cheese the other day, a question popped into my mind: Why is cheese often yellow even though milk is white? Of course, this isn’t entirely true across the (cheese)board — cheese comes in a remarkable range of colors, from pale white to deep yellow-orange. Take cheddar, for instance — it can be found in both shades. So which color is the "real" cheese?
To unravel this mystery, I sat down with Paul Kindstedt, former president of the American Dairy Science Association and a professor emeritus at the University of Vermont. Our conversation spanned over an hour, delving into the fascinating history of cheese, its evolving colors, and the marketing influences that have shaped our perceptions.
In the latest Vox video, we dive into it all, shedding light on the surprising connections between color, culture, and the art of cheesemaking — all in less than seven minutes.
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In our new series, Explain it To Me, Vox takes audience questions and we do our best to report, investigate and deliver an answer. For this video, a retired schoolteacher in New York named Kathy submitted a question to us about how things like cryptocurrency, cloud storage and artificial intelligence are impacting our climate goals.
Crypto, AI and cloud storage are all a part of the carbon footprint of data centers. In this video we unpack what exactly we know about data centers’ growing electricity demands, how AI is factoring into that picture, and whether clean energy can keep up.
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Here are links to the sources we mention in the video:
asociace.ai/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ai-spotreba.pdf
arxiv.org/pdf/2211.02001
gstatic.com/gumdrop/sustainability/google-2024-environmental-report.pdf
digiconomist.net
datacentermap.com
iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/6b2fd954-2017-408e-bf08-952fdd62118a/Electricity2024-Analysisandforecastto2026.pdf
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Harari’s new book, Nexus: A Brief History of Information Networks, explores how the information systems that shape our world often sow the seeds of destruction, and why the current AI revolution is just the beginning of a brand-new evolutionary process that might leave us all behind.
You can find the audio version of this episode and many more from The Gray Area at vox.com/the-gray-area. The Gray Area is a Vox podcast that takes a philosophy-minded look at culture, technology, politics, and the world of ideas. Each week, we invite a guest to explore a question or topic that matters. From the state of democracy, to the struggle with depression and anxiety, to the nature of identity in the digital age, each episode looks for nuance and honesty.
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Sources and further reading:
Yuval Noah Harari: ynharari.com
Sean Illing: https://x.com/seanilling
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In 1888, Eastman Kodak patented roll film, and the company's business model of selling film, and then processing and printing the photos taken on that film for their consumers, made photography available to the masses for the first time. Before the Kodak No. 1 box camera debuted, photography was a complicated process involving chemistry and expertise on big, bulky equipment.
When Kodak introduced the Brownie and sold it for a dollar in 1900, photography went fully mainstream. The company dominated the film sales and development market during the 20th century and successfully marketed its automatic cameras as crucial to capturing fleeting moments — at home and on vacation.
But digital camera sales began to outpace film camera sales in the early 2000s, and Kodak failed to keep up. They filed for bankruptcy in 2012 but do still exist and sell film, albeit to a much smaller market.
Further reading:
Kodak and the Rise of Amateur Photography, by Mia Fineman
metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kodk/hd_kodk.htm
George Eastman's Modern Stone-Age Family: Snapshot Photography and the Brownie, by Marc Olivier
jstor.org/stable/40061221
“The Brownie Camera” in History of Photography, by Eaton S. Lothrop Jr.
tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03087298.1978.10442948
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For decades, the anti-abortion movement in the United States worked toward one major goal: the overturning of Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decision that established a federal right to abortion. In 2022, they finally succeeded, and states across the country began banning abortion immediately. Today about half the states either ban or severely restrict abortion. But now the anti-abortion movement is regrouping around a new goal: using the federal government to ban abortion in the rest of the country.
If Republicans take control of Congress in the 2024 election, it’s very possible they could pass a national abortion ban law. But experts don’t consider that the most likely way a national abortion ban could come about, for two reasons: Polling shows it would be extremely unpopular, and it would require the elimination of the Senate filibuster. Instead, they point to a different branch of the federal government — the president’s office and all the federal agencies it oversees.
In the federal agencies, opponents of abortion could fashion a de facto abortion ban by chipping away at abortion access in numerous ways, for example limiting access to medication abortion, which now constitutes two-thirds of all abortions in the US. The biggest way that the president’s office could limit abortion is by deciding to enforce something called the Comstock Act: a 150-year-old abortion ban killed by Roe v. Wade and brought back to life by its repeal.
The final way the next president could determine the future of abortion rights is through federal court appointments. The anti-abortion movement’s “next Roe v. Wade” is the national legal recognition of fetal personhood, an idea that would by definition outlaw all abortion. The current Supreme Court isn’t yet right-wing enough to endorse this idea. But after another Trump term, that could change.
Watch the video above for the details of how this all could happen.
00:00 Banning abortion everywhere
0:55 Mifepristone
1:58 'Ban states'
2:37 Project 2025
3:28 Comstock
4:51 Enforcing Comstock
7:16 Personhood
Sources and further reading:
Carrie N. Baker has written about the plans for an abortion ban for Ms. Magazine:
msmagazine.com/2024/07/16/republican-platform-nationwide-abortion-ban-supreme-court
msmagazine.com/2024/03/29/project-2025-trump-republicans-ban-abortion-pills-mifepristone-trump
msmagazine.com/2022/09/14/catholic-pro-life-supreme-court-abortion-ban-constitutional-rights-fetus-person-dobbs
Mary Ziegler has written about the plans for a “backdoor” abortion ban: nytimes.com/2024/01/29/opinion/biden-trump-abortion-election.html
We also highly recommend her appearance on The Ezra Klein Show: nytimes.com/2024/03/08/opinion/ezra-klein-podcast-mary-ziegler.html
Vox’s Ian Millhiser has written a lot about the Comstock Act, where it came from, and how it could be used:
vox.com/abortion/351678/the-comstock-act-the-long-dead-law-trump-could-use-to-ban-abortion-explained
vox.com/politics/23678636/supreme-court-anthony-comstock-abortion-mifepristone-matthew-kacsmaryk
vox.com/policy-and-politics/2023/1/22/23539363/abortion-medication-mifepristone-supreme-court-pills-comstock-matthew-kacsmaryk
Vox’s Anna North has written about the threat that state fetal personhood laws already pose: vox.com/policy/24090347/alabama-ivf-ruling-fetal-personhood-abortion-embryos
And Vox’s Rachel Cohen has written extensively about how the Democrats and reproductive rights groups want to push those rights forward:
vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/8/22/23306142/kaine-collins-codify-roe-abortion-congress
vox.com/24056692/abortion-roe-dobbs-2024-biden-election-presidential
The data on public support for a Congressional abortion ban (or lack thereof) comes from a June 2024 AP-NORC poll: apnorc.org/projects/support-for-legal-abortion-increased-since-roe-v-wade-was-overturned
The Guttmacher Institute tracks how many abortions in the US are performed with medication: guttmacher.org/2024/03/medication-abortion-accounted-63-all-us-abortions-2023-increase-53-2020
The data showing how many Americans think abortion should be legal in all or most cases is from Pew: pewresearch.org/religion/fact-sheet/public-opinion-on-abortion
And of course, Mandate for Leadership, popularly known as Project 2025, which can be read here: static.project2025.org/2025_MandateForLeadership_FULL.pdf
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Study and maps source:
journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/63/6/JAMC-D-23-0143.1.xml
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If you’ve ever had trouble falling asleep because of how hot it is outside, try out these 5 cool tips.
And If you’d like to learn more, check out the full article by the amazingly talented Allie Volpe on our website: vox.com/even-better/360246/sleep-tips-extreme-summer-heat-heatwave
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Pit bulls are one of the most controversial and misunderstood dog breeds in America. Many critics view pit bulls as “inherently dangerous” and say that they are more violent than other dogs. If you rely solely on news stories and cultural anecdotes, you might think that’s the case.
However, many misconceptions and myths surround pit bulls, including confusion about their breed. And though there's a lot of data about dog bites and the frequency of pit bull attacks, these statistics are less reliable than you may think.
In this video, we explore the reputation of pit bulls through the decades and examine whether the data actually supports the claim that they’re dangerous and aggressive.
Sources
History of Spitz dogs in America – “Pit Bull: The Battle over an American Icon” by Bronwen Dickey
“Pit bull” is four distinct breeds – “Pit Bull: The Battle over an American Icon” by Bronwen Dickey
2012 Maryland Court of Appeals Tracey v. Solesky, designation of pit bulls as “inherently dangerous” – scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=18413098015080333731
“Most dogs are mixed breed” – ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5319786/#:~:text=The%20percentage%20of%20mixed%2Dbreed,Pet%20Products%20Association%20%5B3%5D.
“90% of dogs in shelters that were labeled as a particular breed were misidentified” – pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20183478
“dogs were labeled as pit bull-type dogs almost half the time” – sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109002331500310X
Dogs identified as pit bull mixes without any pit bull DNA – https://sheltermedicine.vetmed.ufl.edu/research/current-studies/dog-breed-identification/dog-breed-dna-and-survey-results/
"dog bite statistics are not really statistics, and they do not give an accurate picture of dogs that bite." – avma.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/dogbite.pdf
Denver pit bull ban having “with little measurable impact on public safety” – https://lawcommons.lclark.edu/alr/vol26/iss2/2/
Denmark pit bull ban having no “significant changes in dog bite hospitalizations” – journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0208393
Study about housing for pet owners – petsandhousing.org/2021-pet-inclusive-housing-report
0:00 Why do pit bulls have a reputation as dangerous?
0:25 The demonization of dogs in America
1:19 The 1970s
1:57 The 1980s
2:33 What is a pit bull?
3:10 Breed-specific legislation
4:10 The unreliability of dog bite statistics
5:40 Examples of unsuccessful BSL
6:10 Issues with housing
7:18 There are no easy answers
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Vice President Kamala Harris is potentially on the verge of becoming one of the most powerful people on Earth. At the same time, in part because her rapid ascent to the Democratic presidential nomination didn’t involve the sustained public attention of a long presidential primary, she’s more of a cipher to many Americans than major party presidential nominees typically are. So who is Kamala Harris? In this video, we hand that story over to four reporters who have covered her at different points in her career.
Kamala Harris first entered public life as the elected district attorney of San Francisco. She tried to distinguish herself from her predecessor, known for taking a progressive approach to crime, by calling herself “smart on crime.” She spoke more clinically and quantitatively than ideologically; she talked about numbers, not ideas or politics. That continued in her next role as California’s attorney general, in which she was often hard to pin down ideologically and reluctant to take political stances. But that role also made her a household name in California, and after six years as attorney general, she won the state’s US Senate race.
Harris quickly became a well-known senator, but not for speeches or policy. Instead she found fame as the Democratic Party’s chief cross-examiner in the Senate, grilling Trump administration officials in confrontations that excited Democratic voters and sparked a movement for her to run for president in 2020. However, the Democratic Party had by that point become more ideologically progressive, and her record of being “smart on crime” no longer played as well with those voters. She struggled to find a political lane in the Democratic primary, and her run was short-lived. But when Democrats ultimately chose Joe Biden as their nominee, Biden vowed to pick a woman as his running mate. And after a summer in which the death of George Floyd and the massive ensuing protests sparked a national reckoning around race, Harris rose to the top of his list.
As vice president, Harris struggled to find a role in the administration. Biden tasked her with an unenviable job: solving the “root causes” of undocumented immigration to the US. It was neither her area of expertise nor her ideological strong suit, and after a disastrous TV interview, she retreated from public view. But after the US Supreme Court overturned the federal right to abortion, things started to change. Harris had an expertise and authority on reproductive rights that Biden lacked, and she became the administration’s spokesperson on the topic, finding her voice and footing in public life again.
In July 2024, an unpopular and visibly aged Joe Biden withdrew from his reelection campaign, endorsing Kamala Harris as his successor. Lively and articulate by comparison, Harris quickly captured the enthusiasm of the Democratic Party, gaining momentum in the race against Donald Trump. Her continued success will depend on whether she can grow into the role of a galvanizing, inspirational political figure that she’s struggled to fill in the past.
00:00 Intro
0:16 1. Smart on crime
1:50 2. Not entirely clear
3:28 3. America’s advocate
5:39 4. 2020
8:01 5. Root causes
9:20 6. Overturn
10:45 7. We are not going back
Sources and further reading:
“The Secret to Understanding Kamala Harris,” by Jamilah King:
motherjones.com/politics/2018/01/the-secret-to-understanding-kamala-harris
“The Kamala Harris Problem,” by Elaina Plott Calabro:
theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2023/11/kamala-harris-vice-presidency-2024-election-biden-age/675439
“What happened the last time Kamala Harris ran for president,” by Christian Paz: vox.com/2024-elections/359620/kamala-harris-2020-president-campaign-2024-failure-lesson
A conversation with Audrey Cooper, who covered Kamala Harris at the San Francisco Chronicle: wnyc.org/story/what-new-yorkers-need-know-about-presumptive-democratic-nominee-kamala-harris
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From 2021 to 2022, one specific type of restaurant grew 105% in the US: pop-ups, or temporary restaurants. From 2022 to 2023 there were 155% more pop-ups. If you’re a foodie in a US city, it’s made the diversity of food you can get today higher than ever before. Why are so many chefs deciding to "pop up' all of a sudden?
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This video is presented by Verizon Business. Verizon Business has no editorial influence on our videos, but their support makes videos like these possible.
From 2021 to 2022, one specific type of restaurant grew 105% in the US: pop-ups, or temporary restaurants. From 2022 to 2023 there were 155% more pop-ups. If you’re a foodie in a US city, it’s made the diversity of food you can get today higher than ever before. Why are so many chefs deciding to "pop up' all of a sudden?
To find out, we talked to the owners of two New York City pop-ups to get their stories. For Jorge Aguilar & Amanda Rosa, chef & co-owners of the breakfast taco pop-up Border Town, their story starts in the pandemic. They were unemployed, and instead of trying to rent a space and open a brick and mortar restaurant, they started working temporary locations, marketing themselves via instagram. Eric Huang, chef and owner of Pecking House, a Sichuan-style fried chicken pandemic pop-up that became a brick and mortar restaurant, told us a similar story.
So how did these restaurateurs pivot during difficult times to ultimately find success?
Links and further reading:
Emma Orlow who we spoke to for this video is a writer for Eater. You can read her work here: eater.com/authors/emma-orlow
An awesome foodie newsletter we subscribed to while making this video: http://sweetcity.substack.com
Other pop-ups we spoke to: austin.eater.com/2024/6/3/24170461/southeast-roadhouse-austin-pop-up-restaurant-asian-american-dining-chains natecox.net/BIG-CHUNE-2
Yelp’s state of the restaurant industry 2024: data.yelp.com/state-of-the-restaurant-industry-2024.html
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AI researchers and biologists are teaming up to detect patterns in animal communication that are difficult, if not impossible, to observe with the human eye alone. The studies that have come out so far are steps towards what some AI companies see as a larger goal: building large language models to decode animal communication that is beyond the reach of human comprehension.
This video explains how they might do that, using the same tools that gave us text, image and translation tools for human language.
Here is the study about elephant names co-authored by Joyce Poole and Mickey Pardo:
nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02420-w
Karen Bakker's book The Sounds of Life is a great read if you want to learn more about how biologists are taking advantage of advancements in sound technology to study animals:
bookshop.org/p/books/the-sounds-of-life-how-digital-technology-is-bringing-us-closer-to-the-worlds-of-animals-and-plants-karen-bakker/18252919
We didn't cover it here, but there was an interesting breakthrough using AI to detect more sperm whale codas than ever before:
nature.com/articles/s41467-024-47221-8
Here is a link to Yossi Yovel's bat study:
nature.com/articles/srep39419
Here is the macaque monkey study:
royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.150432
Earth Species Project can be found here:
earthspecies.org
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For most of the 20th century, Londoners along the Thames River faced a high risk of floods. Storms like the 1953 North Sea Storm resulted in the deaths of hundreds and the displacement of thousands of people, and spurred discussions on how to protect London from future disasters.
By the 1980s, engineers introduced a solution: the Thames Barrier. This impressive structure comprises multiple moving metal gates that can halt water flow during potential flood events. Since its creation, London has successfully avoided costly storm-related death and destruction, inspiring other coastal cities to model their defense systems after the Thames Barrier.
But today’s changing climate and rising sea levels are challenging the integrity of London’s anti-flood walls. From 1980 to 1990, the barrier was closed only four times; from 2010 to 2020, the barrier was closed 50 times. It was never designed for such frequent use.
In response to evolving weather patterns, the UK government created the Thames Estuary 2100 Plan, a future-looking plan that monitors and adapts the metal gates in response to tide data. With each decade, the plan outlines potential upgrades to the existing barrier and the construction of additional flood defenses. The plan hopes to futureproof London, but whether or not the Thames Barrier will stand the test of time will also depend on how climate change reshapes the world.
Learn more about the Thames Estuary 2100 Plan (TE2100):
gov.uk/government/collections/thames-estuary-2100-te2100
Read more about why the Thames Barrier is due for an upgrade:
ft.com/content/027a0d94-90f6-4841-94c1-b974ac895adb
Read more about the imminent risks to the flood defense walls:
theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/30/before-the-flood-how-much-longer-will-the-thames-barrier-protect-london
Dive into the data about Thames Barrier closures:
gov.uk/guidance/the-thames-barrier
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There’s a change happening to the planet that might sound counterintuitive at first: the Earth is getting greener. Over the last four decades, researchers have measured Earth’s overall color profile from satellite view, analyzing where the planet is “greening” or “browning.” In that time, the amount of green vegetation has increased dramatically. How did that happen?
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Grass lawns are so ubiquitous in the US you would assume that they're the most natural and obvious choice for what to put in our yards. But turf grass is not only not native to the US, but it takes a lot of time, money, and resources to maintain.
Today, some cities are offering "cash for grass" programs and giving residents as much as $25,000 to replace their turf grass lawns with more environmentally sustainable options.
But some people still like green grass lawns and enjoy maintaining them, so what should they do? In this video we go through the multitude of options that yard owners have and talk to experts to see what they have to say.
Sources and further reading:
Lawn People: How Grasses, Weeds, and Chemicals Make Us Who We Are by Paul Robbins
The Lawn: A History of an American Obsession by Virginia Scott Jenkins
The American Lawn: Surface of Everyday Life by Georges Teyssot
Civilizing American Cities by Frederick Law Olmsted
Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream by Andres Duany et al.
American Green: The Obsessive Quest for the Perfect Lawn by Ted Steinberg
Scotts Lawns: Your Guide to a Beautiful Yard by Nick Christians & Ashton Ritchie
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A key promise in Paris’s bid to host the 2024 Summer Olympics was that its famous river, the Seine, would be cleaned up in time to host open water swimming events: the triathlon, para triathlon, and marathon swimming. But swimming has been banned in the Seine for a century because the Paris sewer system is designed to dump wastewater into the river during heavy rain, when the sewers get overwhelmed by stormwater.
When that happens, levels of E. coli, a bacteria associated with fecal matter, spike in the river, making it too contaminated to swim in. In order to make good on its promise to clean the river, Paris officials took on a $1.5 billion USD infrastructure project that includes a massive underground tank and tunnel system meant to hold excess sewage during heavy rain and prevent further contamination of the Seine.
Water quality testing will be done daily ahead of the Olympic games this summer, and Paris officials are hopeful their ambitious plan to host swimming in the famously polluted river will succeed.
Follow the daily water quality tests of the Seine from the City of Paris here:
https://www.paris.fr/pages/meteo-de-la-seine-quelle-est-la-qualite-de-l-eau-du-fleuve-27467
Check out some of the data used in this video, along with additional water quality tests, from Fluidion:
fluidion.com/open-data-initiative/2024-seine-water-quality
Are Olympians Going to Swim in Poop Water? – The Cut
thecut.com/article/olympics-2024-athletes-swim-unsanitary-seine-river.html
Will the Seine be ready for Olympic swimming? Paris officials 'confident.' – Washington Post
washingtonpost.com/world/2024/05/02/seine-cleanup-paris-olympics-swim
Paris looking at Plan B if River Seine remains unfit for Olympic swimming – Global News
globalnews.ca/news/10606203/paris-olympics-river-seine-plan-b
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If you’re in the US this July 4th, you’ll be seeing a ton of fireworks. But have you ever wondered how they make sure that each individual firework epxlodes into a distinct and creative shape? In this video, we explain how fireworks work!
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For over a century, the internal combustion engine powered vehicles with an intricate combination of moving parts and tiny explosions. That combustion process inevitably made noise, and that noise came to define the background soundscape of our roads, cities, and day-to-day life. But as hybrids and EVs became increasingly mainstream — and more of their near-silent electric motors filled the streets — it became clear that silent vehicles didn’t fit in the ecosystem we’d built around cars.
Spearheaded by associations of the blind and visually impaired, legislation eventually began to require electric vehicles to emit an artificial engine noise out of hidden external speakers. These hidden speaker systems, called “Acoustic Vehicle Alerting Systems” — or AVAS — had to meet certain sonic criteria. But they were also a blank slate for sound designers to decide how the cars of the future should sound.
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I wear headphones every day. And if I’m at work, I have those bad boys on for nearly 8 hours straight. In a perfect world, I’m listening at a reasonable volume…but in reality it’s hard to know if that’s true. So when does loud become too loud?
The answer is: it’s really hard to tell.
According to the WHO, over a billion young adults are at risk of permanent, avoidable hearing loss due to unsafe listening practice.
While that sounds like a bunch of old people trying to suppress us young people from listening to our rock and roll the way we like it, it’s a scary statistic. It’s even scarier when you know that hearing loss is almost always permanent. So, what’s the best way to listen with headphones, and not lose our hearing? And how can noise cancellation help us out?
Links/further reading:
- The Verge | How to set volume levels on your phone: theverge.com/23729051/ios-android-samsung-phone-volume-limits-how-to
- WHO | Deafness and Hearing Loss - https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss#:~:text=Key%20facts,due%20to%20unsafe%20listening%20practices
- National Library of Medicine | Mechanisms of hair cell damage and repair - Mechanisms of hair cell damage and repair
- OSHA | Loudness standards in the workplace - osha.gov/noise#:~:text=OSHA%20requires%20employers%20to%20implement,%2Dweighted%20average%20(TWA)
- Bose | How does noise cancelling work? - bose.com/stories/noise-cancelling-vs-noise-masking
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We covered the geoid and how to measure sea level in a longer video about Mt. Everest's height, here:
youtube.com/watch?v=ajpcHWBuV18
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In 2020 and 2021, amid a pandemic that wreaked general havoc on the social fabric of the United States, violent crime rose. Today, most Americans believe that crime in the US has come roaring back — maybe even to the levels of the 1980s and ’90s.
But a look at the data shows a very different story. Nevertheless, the feeling that our cities are less safe is at least partly coming from something real. Something has changed in American cities, particularly since the pandemic. So what’s different, and what is the truth about crime in America right now?
Chapters:
00:00 Crime up or crime down
1:27 Crime stats
3:23 Public perception
4:26 Where crime is
7:03 Cities have changed
8:40 Stats don't matter
Sources and further reading:
Jeff Asher is maybe the preeminent analyst of American crime data. His Substack is an essential read if you want to learn more about crime stats: jasher.substack.com
Several of Asher’s articles were foundational as we put this video together. Here’s his summary of what the 2023 crime data says: jasher.substack.com/p/crime-in-2023-murder-plummeted-violent
And here’s his take on what the crime stats in 2024 are looking like so far: jasher.substack.com/p/its-early-but-murder-is-falling-even
Asher has also written about the public perception of crime, and gets into some angles that we don’t: jasher.substack.com/p/americans-are-bad-at-perceiving-crime
Here’s the Gallup data we reference in the video: news.gallup.com/poll/544442/americans-crime-problem-serious.aspx
Abdallah Fayyad writes for Vox and his reporting was foundational to this story, particularly around the turn toward tough-on-crime policies: vox.com/policy/24139552/crime-rates-falling-tough-laws-mass-incarceration
And here’s Fayyad on the effects of crafting criminal justice policy based on perception: vox.com/politics/24025691/shoplifting-scare-criminal-justice-reform
Ames Grawert, senior counsel at the Brennan Center, helped us understand the origin of crime statistics and what it is and isn’t good for: brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/violent-crime-falling-nationwide-heres-how-we-know
And of course there’s the work of Hanna Love and Tracy Hadden Loh from the Brookings Institution, which anchors this story: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-geography-of-crime-in-four-u-s-cities-perceptions-and-reality
The data on mental health treatment capacity in New York state came from this March 2024 report: osc.ny.gov/files/reports/pdf/mental-health-inpatient-service-capacity.pdf
And the unsheltered homelessness numbers come from HUD's 2023 homelessness report: huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2023-AHAR-Part-1.pdf
Finally, here’s that ABC News poll: abcnews.go.com/Politics/6-months-out-tight-presidential-race-trump-biden-poll/story?id=109909175
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The Biden administration set a climate goal that 50 percent of all new car sales in the US would be electric by 2030. Meanwhile, China reached that milestone this year, in 2024. This video explains how China was able to fast-track EV adoption and develop an EV battery that rivals what any other country has been able to do so far. It’s been a decade of government strategies that have created some of the biggest battery companies in the world, like CATL and BYD.
The Biden administration wants to keep Chinese cars and batteries out of the country — but our video explains what kind of position that puts the US in in terms of meeting its own climate goals.
Sources and further reading:
vox.com/climate/2024/3/4/24087919/biden-tariff-chinese-ev-byd-battery-detroit
technologyreview.com/2023/02/21/1068880/how-did-china-dominate-electric-cars-policy
nytimes.com/2024/05/27/business/biden-evs.html
nytimes.com/interactive/2023/05/16/business/china-ev-battery.html
bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-09-14/from-cheap-money-to-tax-breaks-evs-in-china-get-a-lot-of-love?embedded-checkout=true&sref=qYiz2hd0
iea.org/reports/global-critical-minerals-outlook-2024
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The fatal overdose epidemic in the US, which began in the 90s with increased overdoses on prescription opioids, finally looked like it was starting to take a turn in 2018. But then the covid pandemic hit, and amid increased isolation during lockdowns, fatal drug overdoses in the US skyrocketed, crossing 100,000 fatalities in a single year for the first time in 2021.
The main drivers of fatal overdoses over the last ten years are synthetic opioids, like fentanyl. Fentanyl is a highly potent narcotic that often gets mixed into the American drug supply to make drugs – ranging from heroin, to cocaine, to adderall – stronger and more addictive. The result is that huge numbers of people unknowingly consume a lethal dose of fentanyl laced into other drugs.
America’s “War on Drugs” and punitive approach to curbing drug use hasn’t solved this. So now American communities are turning to methods that emphasize “harm reduction” – creating environments for people with substance use disorder to find support, rather than punishment.
A big part of that is the distribution of the drug naloxone, also known as Narcan. Naloxone is an opioid-antagonist, and can temporarily reverse an opioid overdose as it’s happening. It does this by blocking opioid receptors in the brain.
Naloxone has been credited with saving tens of thousands of lives so far according to the CDC, and is a tool for fighting the ongoing overdose epidemic that some medical experts are now urging all Americans to have on hand.
Find harm reduction resources near you (US only):
National Harm Reduction Coalition’s Naloxone Finder: harmreduction.org/resource-center/harm-reduction-near-you
Free harm reduction supplies by mail from non-profit NEXT Distro: nextdistro.org/naloxone#state-finder
Sources and further reading:
The American Medical Association’s Overdose Epidemic Report for 2023: ama-assn.org/system/files/ama-overdose-epidemic-report.pdf
Latest drug overdose death rate data from National Institutes of Health: nida.nih.gov/research-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates
CDC guidance on overdose prevention: cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/index.html
Struggling with substance use disorder? SAMHSA’s national helpline: samhsa.gov/find-help/national-helpline
Note: The title of this video has been updated
Previous title: Why you should carry Narcan
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We’ve all heard that using our phones before bed is bad for us, but do we actually know why?
One of the most commonly cited reasons is that our phone’s blue light is disrupting our ability to fall asleep. And study after study has shown that just changing the color of light, or turning on night mode or night shift, isn’t enough to counteract the effects of our screens. The truth is that color temperature is just one aspect of how our phone light is stimulating our brains. Sleep science suggests that the key to getting good rest is much more complex.
So if using night shift on our phones is not the only solution, and we know we’re likely going to keep scrolling before bed, is there a better way to use our phones at night...without disrupting our sleep?
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Sources and further reading:
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6561503
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33867308
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Over the past few years, most of the world has experienced some pretty intense inflation, with prices rising as much as 10 percent in a single year. In 2024, even though inflation rates have fallen to more manageable levels, prices are still way up and are very unlikely to come down. Which, understandably, continues to be a source of major stress for people all over the world. So why can’t prices just stay the same?
As a consumer, steady prices and zero inflation seems like the ideal: You want your purchasing power to stay the same and for your dollar today to buy you exactly the same amount as your dollar tomorrow. But even in times of global economic health and stability, governments and their central banks actively avoid letting inflation get too low. That’s because 0 percent inflation might actually end up doing more harm than good.
In this video, we take a look at the reasons why.
Sources and further reading:
To take a closer look at inflation and interest rates in the US, check out FRED (the Federal Reserve’s economic data repository): fred.stlouisfed.org
You can read more about inflation targets here: imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/basics/pdf/jahpan-inflation-targeting.pdf
And you can see more of Rakeen’s work here: groundworkcollaborative.org/person/rakeen-mabud
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Deep in the geographic center of Uruguay, there’s a peculiar group of trees just a few kilometers down the road from the small town of San Gregorio de Polanco. From the ground, it's not particularly notable. But from above, the view is mind-boggling: Hundreds of trees are arranged in perfect concentric arcs, all spiraling toward the center. Together, they look remarkably like a human fingerprint.
When we first saw this forest in a Reddit post, we were fascinated. Why had the trees been arranged in this shape? Who planted them there? And why — when you zoom out on satellite view — was the entire country of Uruguay covered in similar-looking forests? To answer that question, we went straight to the source: interviewing locals, experts, and people whose lives have been shaped by a transformed landscape and economy.
Further reading:
Read the text of the original “forestry law”: https://www.impo.com.uy/bases/leyes/15939-1987
Read some of Alexandra’s work on afforestation and wildlife: sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378112721000268
Eilís O’Neill has a great feature in the Nation on Uruguay’s forestry industry: thenation.com/article/archive/when-planting-trees-hurts-the-environment
More stories about residents affected by the railway construction: https://yle.fi/a/3-11756418
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Israel's war with Hamas, in response to the attacks of October 7, 2023, has led to more fatalities than in any previous Israeli war, with at least 34,000 Palestinians killed as of May 7, 2024. In Israel’s 2014 war in Gaza, just over 1,400 were killed. One factor in that difference is the use of artificial intelligence.
Israel’s incorporation of AI in warfare has been public for years through both defensive and offensive weapons. But in this war, AI is being deployed differently: It’s generating bombing targets. The promise of AI in a military context is to enhance strike precision and accuracy, but over the past few months Israeli outlets +972 magazine and Local Call have revealed that the multiple AI systems that help the IDF select targets in Gaza have contributed to the highest number of Palestinian civilian deaths and injuries ever.
In our video, we interview multiple experts to understand how two specific systems, Gospel and Lavender, operate, and we explore the broader implications of current and future AI use in warfare.
Further reading:
Some say AI will make war more humane. Israel’s war in Gaza shows the opposite. by Sigal Samuel on Vox.com: vox.com/future-perfect/24151437/ai-israel-gaza-war-hamas-artificial-intelligence
‘A mass assassination factory’: Inside Israel’s calculated bombing of Gaza, by Yuval Abraham
972mag.com/mass-assassination-factory-israel-calculated-bombing-gaza
‘Lavender’: The AI machine directing Israel’s bombing spree in Gaza, by Yuval Abraham
972mag.com/lavender-ai-israeli-army-gaza
‘The machine did it coldly’: Israel used AI to identify 37,000 Hamas targets, by Bethan McKernan and Harry Davies
theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/03/israel-gaza-ai-database-hamas-airstrikes
Israel under pressure to justify its use of AI in Gaza, by Joseph Gedeon and Maggie Miller
politico.com/news/2024/03/03/israel-ai-warfare-gaza-00144491
Israel is using an AI system to find targets in Gaza. Experts say it’s just the start, by Geoff Brumfiel
npr.org/2023/12/14/1218643254/israel-is-using-an-ai-system-to-find-targets-in-gaza-experts-say-its-just-the-st
Israel’s AI Revolution: From Innovation to Occupation, by Anwar Mhajne
carnegieendowment.org/sada/90892
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The word “Anthropocene” has gained cultural resonance in recent years, as it’s become clearer that humans have made an indelible — and destructive — impact on our planet. But it’s also a term with a specific technical meaning: an epoch, or geologic unit of time, named for humans.
In 2009, geologists first started investigating whether the Anthropocene should be formally recognized as part of the way we record geologic time. This video explains what happened next: how a team of scientists looked for the evidence to make their case, and what it means to consider human time as part of the Earth’s 4.6 billion-year history.
Note: The title of this video has been updated.
Previous title: Should humans get their own geologic era?
Future Perfect’s Sigal Samuel has covered the Anthropocene debate for Vox.com:
vox.com/future-perfect/2023/7/11/23791629/anthropocene-climate-epoch-canada-lake-crawford
vox.com/future-perfect/2024/3/7/24092675/anthropocene-climate-change-epoch-geology
This website gives a thorough overview of all the sites the Anthropocene Working Group investigated, including Crawford Lake: anthropocene-curriculum.org/the-geological-anthropocene
We don’t mention this in the video, but Phil Gibbard and Erle Ellis co-authored a paper proposing the Anthropocene as an “event” rather than an epoch: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jqs.3416
For more reading:
The New York Times did a lot of great reporting on the International Commission on Stratigraphy’s process for considering the Anthropocene:
nytimes.com/2022/12/17/climate/anthropocene-age-geology.html
The New Yorker covered some of the drama behind the Anthropocene decision:
newyorker.com/news/the-weekend-essay/the-epic-row-over-a-new-epoch
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Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com.
Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE
Follow Vox on Facebook: http://goo.gl/U2g06o
Or Twitter: http://goo.gl/XFrZ5H
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A 2023 Federal Reserve survey found that a third of Americans say that they don’t have the cash to cover a $500 emergency expense. So what happens if they need it?
In this video, we compare six of the ways Americans say they get money when they don't have it: credit cards, bank loans, borrowing from a friend or family member, payday loans, selling something, and going into overdraft. How difficult is each one to access? How does paying off each kind of debt work? And how much does each one cost down the line?
None of these options are great for someone who can’t pay an emergency expense. But some of them are a lot worse than others.
This video is presented by DCU. DCU doesn’t have a say in our editorial decisions, but they make videos like this possible.
Sources and further reading:
The Federal Reserve report: federalreserve.gov/publications/2023-economic-well-being-of-us-households-in-2022-expenses.htm
A range of interest calculators, if you’re currently weighing your options: calculator.net/financial-calculator.html
More on the predatory nature of payday loans from the Pew Charitable Trusts: pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2023/06/07/what-does-the-research-say-about-payday-loans
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