86. Cognitive Biases & the Socratic Method | THUNK THUNK 2026-09-20 | 86. Cognitive Biases & the Socratic Method | THUNK
244. The Meaning of Games & Flow THUNK 2023-10-02 | Many assume that, when a game's over, there's nothing more to reflect on besides the fun. Positive psychology's theory of "Flow" prompts a similar stance. But what if games & Flow are both saying more than we might suppose at first glance?SPOILER WARNINGS FOR:Papers PleaseUndertaleBrenda Romero's TrainTo avoid spoiling any of the above, jump to: 4:44-Links for the Curious-Soderman, B. (2021) Against Flow: Video Games and the Flowing Subject. The MIT Press. Available at: doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/12831.001.0001.2023-09-08 (observed) - 📡 by Mike Rugnetta (no date). Available at: satelliteantennaemoji.substack.com/p/2023-09-08-observed (Accessed: 26 September 2023).169 | C. Thi Nguyen on Games, Art, Values, and Agency – Sean Carroll (no date). Available at: preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2021/10/18/169-c-thi-nguyen-on-games-art-values-and-agency (Accessed: 15 September 2023).April 08, A.M.B. and 2013 (2013) Flow, Player and Employee Jounrey, Game Developer. Available at: gamedeveloper.com/business/flow-player-and-employee-jounrey (Accessed: 23 September 2023).Csikszentmihalyi, M. and Bennett, S. (1971) ‘An Exploratory Model of Play’, American Anthropologist, 73(1), pp. 45–58.DICE 2010: ‘Design Outside the Box’ Presentation (2015). Available at: youtube.com/watch?v=nG_PbHVW5cQ (Accessed: 26 September 2023).Eliasson, D. (no date) ‘What Level Design Elements Determine Flow?’, level design [Preprint].Frequently Asked Questions on Flow - Steven Kotler (no date). Available at: stevenkotler.com/rabbit-hole/frequently-asked-questions-on-flow (Accessed: 26 September 2023).Interactive Principles (no date). Available at: eharpste.github.io/interactive-principles/# (Accessed: 14 September 2023).March 22, S.B. and 2012 (2012) Cognitive Flow: The Psychology of Great Game Design, Game Developer. Available at: gamedeveloper.com/design/cognitive-flow-the-psychology-of-great-game-design (Accessed: 22 September 2023).Nicholson, S. (2015) ‘A RECIPE for Meaningful Gamification’, in T. Reiners and L.C. Wood (eds) Gamification in Education and Business. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–20. Available at: doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10208-5_1.Show’, ‘The Ezra Klein (2022) ‘Opinion | Are We Measuring Our Lives in All the Wrong Ways?’, The New York Times, 25 February. Available at: nytimes.com/2022/02/25/opinion/ezra-klein-podcast-c-thi-nguyen.html (Accessed: 14 September 2023).Staff, W. (no date) ‘Next-Gen Dashboards Teach Leadfoots How to Hypermile’, Wired. Available at: wired.com/2008/12/when-ford-and-h (Accessed: 26 September 2023).The “Flow” state’s influence during game design process. | by Ramón Díaz | Medium (no date). Available at: medium.com/@raydaz/the-applications-relevance-of-flow-state-design-in-video-games-1572dac0d2c (Accessed: 22 September 2023).The Tyranny of the Marginal User - by Ivan Vendrov (no date). Available at: nothinghuman.substack.com/p/the-tyranny-of-the-marginal-user (Accessed: 15 September 2023).(2) Overwatch: Reinhardt Gameplay - Route 66 Payload Attack - YouTube (no date). Available at: youtube.com/watch?v=csqVRdBax2I (Accessed: 1 October 2023).youtube.com/watch?v=d6i5Ylu0mgMyoutube.com/watch?v=taFOnuZsSng
243. Maintenance THUNK 2023-09-07 | Maintenance is often ignored, minimized, or portrayed as being inferior to creative/productive work, but it's really the most fundamental activity of life itself, & it can teach us a lot about the world.- Links for the Curious -Graham, Stephen, and Nigel Thrift. “Out of Order: Understanding Repair and Maintenance.” Theory, Culture & Society 24, no. 3 (May 2007): 1–25. doi.org/10.1177/0263276407075954.HOW IT WORKS | Wine Glasses, Grand Piano, Water Tap, Soy Sauce | Episode 1 | Free Documentary, 2014. youtube.com/watch?v=aIWObPuL244.“American Time Use Survey - 2022 Results,” n.d.Berger, Markus, and Kate Irvin. Repair: Sustainable Design Futures. 1st ed. London: Routledge, 2022. doi.org/10.4324/9781003244028.Denis, Jérôme, and David Pontille. “Beyond Breakdown: Exploring Regimes of Maintenance,” n.d.Mitchell, William J., and Anthony M. Townsend. “Cyborg Agonistes: Disaster and Reconstruction in the Digital Electronic Era.” In The Resilient City, by William J. Mitchell and Anthony M. Townsend. Oxford University Press, 2005. doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195175844.003.0021.Mohun, Simon. “Productive and Unproductive Labour in the Labour Theory of Value,” n.d.Prattes, Riikka. “‘I Don’t Clean up after Myself’: Epistemic Ignorance, Responsibility and the Politics of the Outsourcing of Domestic Cleaning.” Feminist Theory 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 25–45. doi.org/10.1177/1464700119842560.Stairway to Heaven, 2010. youtube.com/watch?v=tgO4Gd4RhvM.Star, Susan Leigh. “The Ethnography of Infrastructure.” American Behavioral Scientist 43, no. 3 (November 1999): 377–91. doi.org/10.1177/00027649921955326.xkcd: Dependency - xkcd.com/2347182. Lessons from "The Mythical Man-Month" - youtube.com/watch?v=HuJfEHnjZyYHow Mierle Laderman Ukeles Turned Maintenance Work into Art - hyperallergic.com/355255/how-mierle-laderman-ukeles-turned-maintenance-work-into-artWhat is work? Work is of two kinds: first, altering the position of matter at or near the earth's surface relatively to other such matter; second, telling other people to do so. The first one is unpleasant and ill paid; the second is pleasant and highly paid.-Bertrand Russell
242. The Tragedy of the Commons THUNK 2023-08-10 | Everyone's heard of the infamous "Tragedy of the Commons," but the real tragedy is that Elinor Ostrom's work refuting it isn't just as widely-known.-Links for the Curious-“Aristotle, Politics, Book 2.” n.d. Accessed August 8, 2023. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:abo:tlg,0086,035:2.Big Think, dir. 2012. *Ending The Tragedy of The Commons | Elinor Ostrom | Big Think*. youtube.com/watch?v=Qr5Q3VvpI7w.Carson, Kevin. n.d. “Governance, Agency and Autonomy: Anarchist Themes in the Work of Elinor Ostrom.”“Commons and Contradictions: The Political Ecology of Elinor Ostrom - Undisciplined Environments.” 2017. September 20, 2017. undisciplinedenvironments.org/2017/09/20/commons-and-contradictions-the-political-ecology-of-elinor-ostrom/.Dietz, Thomas, Elinor Ostrom, and Paul C Stern. 2003. “The Struggle to Govern the Commons” 302.“‘Elinor Ostrom’s Rules for Radicals: Cooperative Alternatives Beyond Markets and States’ by Derek Wall Reviewed by John Barry.” n.d. Accessed August 4, 2023. marxandphilosophy.org.uk/reviews/16044_elinor-ostroms-rules-for-radicals-cooperative-alternatives-beyond-markets-and-states-by-derek-wall-reviewed-by-john-barry/.Frischmann, Brett M., Alain Marciano, and Giovanni Battista Ramello. 2019. “Retrospectives: Tragedy of the Commons after 50 Years.” *Journal of Economic Perspectives* 33 (4): 211–28. doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.4.211.Hardin, Garrett. 1968. “The Tragedy of the Commons: The Population Problem Has No Technical Solution; It Requires a Fundamental Extension in Morality.” *Science* 162 (3859): 1243–48. doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3859.1243.Laerhoven, Frank van, and Elinor Ostrom. n.d. “Traditions and Trends in the Study of the Commons.”Ostrom, Elinor. 2012. “Green from the Grassroots | by Elinor Ostrom.” Project Syndicate. June 12, 2012. project-syndicate.org/commentary/green-from-the-grassroots-2012-06.———. 2015. *Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action*. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press. doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316423936.Ostrom, Elinor, Joanna Burger, Christopher B. Field, Richard B. Norgaard, and David Policansky. 1999. “Revisiting the Commons: Local Lessons, Global Challenges.” *Science, New Series* 284 (5412): 278–82.Sustainable Development and the Tragedy of Commons - youtube.com/watch?v=ByXM47Ri1Kc.Elinor Ostrom on Resilient Social-Ecological Systems - youtube.com/watch?v=LqC7xG8fxHw.Velicu, Irina, and Gustavo García-López. 2018. “Thinking the Commons through Ostrom and Butler: Boundedness and Vulnerability.” *Theory, Culture & Society* 35 (6): 55–73. doi.org/10.1177/0263276418757315. Icons for Principles of the Commons from The Noun Project:thenounproject.com/icon/puzzle-5278809thenounproject.com/icon/monitoring-2906106thenounproject.com/icon/russian-nesting-dolls-2671768thenounproject.com/icon/pillory-4509440thenounproject.com/icon/boundary-3856835thenounproject.com/icon/arbitration-1142571thenounproject.com/icon/revise-1085288thenounproject.com/icon/raised-fist-4914991Trap music from Freesound: freesound.org/people/Inespy/sounds/514311
241. Mental Speed THUNK 2023-07-13 | Children can be impressively ingenious when given enough time to work thru a problem, but we tend to judge their mental prowess by how *quickly* they figure things out - is mental speed really the best yardstick for intelligence?- Links for the Curious -Stankov, Lazar, and Richard D. Roberts. “Mental Speed Is Not the ‘Basic’ Process of Intelligence.” Personality and Individual Differences 22, no. 1 (January 1997): 69–84. doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(96)00163-8.Berger, M. “The ‘Scientific Approach’ to Intelligence: An Overview of Its History with Special Reference to Mental Speed.” In A Model for Intelligence, edited by Hans J. Eysenck, 13–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 1982. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68664-1_2.Danthiir, Vanessa, Richard D. Roberts, Ralf Schulze, and Oliver Wilhelm. “Mental Speed: On Frameworks, Paradigms, and a Platform for the Future.” In Handbook of Understanding and Measuring Intelligence, by Oliver Wilhelm and Randall Engle, 27–46. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: SAGE Publications, Inc., 2005. doi.org/10.4135/9781452233529.n3.Schubert, Anna-Lena, Dirk Hagemann, Gidon T. Frischkorn, and Sabine C. Herpertz. “Faster, but Not Smarter: An Experimental Analysis of the Relationship between Mental Speed and Mental Abilities.” Intelligence 71 (November 2018): 66–75. doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2018.10.005.Vernon, Philip A., ed. Speed of Information-Processing and Intelligence. Norwood, N.J: Ablex Pub. Corp, 1987.Eysenck, Hans J. “The Concept of ‘Intelligence’: Useful or Useless?” Intelligence 12, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–16. doi.org/10.1016/0160-2896(88)90019-0.Neisser, Ulric. “The Concept of Intelligence,” n.d.Taleb, Nassim Nicholas. “IQ Is Largely a Pseudoscientific Swindle.” INCERTO (blog), May 17, 2023. medium.com/incerto/iq-is-largely-a-pseudoscientific-swindle-f131c101ba39.“253 – Why IQ Is Bullshit – Srsly Wrong,” April 1, 2022. srslywrong.com/podcast/253-why-iq-is-bullshit/.Mulrow, John, and Sybil Derrible. “Is Slower More Sustainable? The Role of Speed in Achieving Environmental Goals.” Sustainable Cities and Society 57 (June 1, 2020): 102030. doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102030.“High-Speed Society: Social Acceleration, Power, and Modernity,” n.d.Inc.com. “4 Reasons Speed Is Everything in Business,” July 5, 2015. inc.com/adam-fridman/4-reasons-speed-is-everything-in-business.html.The relationship between intelligence and reaction time varies with age: Results from three representative narrow-age age cohorts at 30, 50 and 69 years - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5608941
240. Dual Process Theory & The Mythical Number Two THUNK 2023-06-01 | Kahneman's "Thinking, Fast & Slow" has become a popular reference in public discussions of cognition & the dangers of impulsive decision-making, but many researchers think it might be wrong, or even damaging to the field at large.- Links for the Curious -Thinking, Fast & Slow (Kahneman, 2011) - betterworldbooks.com/product/detail/thinking-fast-and-slow-9780374533557The Mythical Number Two https://acmelab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/melnikoff_bargh_2018_mythical_number_2_0.pdfYou Can't Play 20 Questions With Nature And Win: Projective Comments On The Papers Of This Symposium (Newell, 1973) - https://www.coli.uni-saarland.de/~crocker/documents/Newell-1973.pdfDual-Process Theories of Higher Cognition: Advancing the Debate (Evans & Stanovich, 2013) - researchgate.net/profile/Keith-Stanovich/publication/258179748_Dual-Process_Theories_of_Higher_Cognition/links/540606c40cf23d9765a7e87d/Dual-Process-Theories-of-Higher-Cognition.pdfsgim.org/web-only/clinical-reasoning-exercises/dual-process-theory-overview#nytimes.com/2021/02/24/sports/baseball/thinking-fast-and-slow-book.htmlmarketingsociety.com/think-piece/system-1-and-system-2-thinkingcompassitc.com/blog/combating-cognitive-bias-to-mitigate-social-engineering-attacksuxdesign.cc/better-decisions-72e955c70a5conepetro.org/PS/article-abstract/61/03/57/33217/Decision-Making-How-System-1-amp-System-2?redirectedFrom=fulltextbdtechtalks.com/2022/01/24/ai-thinking-fast-and-slowNoun Projects Sourcesthenounproject.com/icon/awake-4075724thenounproject.com/icon/writing-1245699thenounproject.com/icon/man-push-the-stone-1441102thenounproject.com/icon/snail-784190thenounproject.com/icon/asleep-408401thenounproject.com/icon/downhill-1042351thenounproject.com/icon/doctor-685661thenounproject.com/icon/fast-4767009
239. How to Read a Book THUNK 2023-05-10 | Reading nonfiction can be an enjoyable, leisurely hobby, but sometimes you just need to ASSIMILATE KNOWLEDGE.Thanks to Patron subscriber Peterson Roberto da Silva for their support - sorry I omitted you from the credits!- Links for the Curious-How to Read a Book (Edwards, 2011) - https://pne.people.si.umich.edu/PDF/howtoread.pdf
238. Conways Law & Division of Labor THUNK 2023-04-24 | Melvin Conway noticed a curious symmetry between the shape of organizations & the technologies they created, an observation that might be invaluable for avoiding disaster.-Links for the Curious-How Do Committees Invent? (Conway, 1968) - http://www.melconway.com/Home/Committees_Paper.htmlThe mirroring hypothesis: theory, evidence, and exceptions (Colfer & Baldwin, 2016) - https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/Colfer%20Baldwin%20Mirroring%20Hypothesis%20Ind%20Corp%20Change-2016_8aa320ff-6aa6-42ef-b259-d139012faaf6.pdfArchitectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms (Henderson & Clark, 1990) - researchgate.net/publication/200465578_Architectural_Innovation_The_Reconfiguration_of_Existing_Product_Technologies_and_the_Failure_of_Established_FirmsModularity-As-Property, Modularization-As-Process, And ‘Modularity’-As-Frame: Lessons From Product Architecture Initiatives In The Global Automotive Industry (Macduffie, 2013) - https://faculty.wharton.upenn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/16_MacDuffie_2013_GlobalStrategyJournal.pdfModularity, value and exceptions to the mirroring hypothesis (Burton & Galvin, 2022) - sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296322006269Patterns of Modularization: The Dynamics of Product Architecture in Complex Systems (Brusoni & Prencipe, 2011)Where Do Transactions Come From? (Baldwin & Clark, 2002) - conference.nber.org/confer/2002/orgec02/baldwin.pdfOn the Wealth of Nations - gutenberg.org/cache/epub/3300/pg3300-images.html#chap36Product and Organizational Modularity: A Contingent View of the Mirroring Hypothesis (Sorkun & Furlan, 2016) - onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/emre.12101Coordination and organizational learning in the firm (Marengo, 1992) - https://yildizoglu.fr/moddyn2/articles/marengo_JEE_1992.pdfThe Modularity Trap: Innovation, Technology Phase Shifts and the Resulting Limits of Virtual Organizations (Chesbrough & Kusunoki, 2001) - http://pustaka.unp.ac.id/file/abstrak_kki/EBOOKS/KNOWLEDGE%20MANAGEMENT%20Managing%20industrial%20knowledge,%20Creation,%20transfer%20and%20utilization.pdf#page=211Adam Smith and the Costs of the Division of Labor (Aragona, 2020) - adamsmithworks.org/speakings/adam-smith-and-the-costs-of-the-division-of-laborThe Big Idea: The Age of Hyperspecialization (Malone et al, 2011) - hbr.org/2011/07/the-big-idea-the-age-of-hyperspecializationMarx's View of the Division of Labor - fee.org/articles/marxs-view-of-the-division-of-laborThe influence of organizational structure on software quality: an empirical case study (Nagappan et al, 2008) - dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1368088.1368160Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the “Mirroring” Hypothesis (MacCormack, 2012) - https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/34403525/maccormack%2Cbaldwin%2Crusnak_exploring-the-duality.pdf
237. Machine Learning Models & Reification THUNK 2023-03-31 | Machine learning algorithms are in the spotlight right now, leading some to worry about them remaking the world into something alien, but there's another, less popular concern: what if they make it into exactly what we think it is?PATREON: patreon.com/THUNKShow- Links for the Curious -The Man Behind The Brilliant Media Hoax Of “I, Libertine” (Callan, 2013) - theawl.com/2013/02/the-man-behind-the-brilliant-media-hoax-of-i-libertineIf the map becomes the territory then we will be lost (Williams, 2019) - librarian.aedileworks.com/2019/03/03/if-the-map-becomes-the-territory-then-we-will-be-lostChildhood's End (Dyson, 2019) - edge.org/conversation/george_dyson-childhoods-end"I, Libertine" by Theodore Sturgeon - amazon.com/I-Libertine-Theodore-Sturgeon-ebook/dp/B00D00W9TM/ref=sr_1_1?crid=GAD5PFKKURPU&keywords=I%2C+libertine&qid=1678821981&sprefix=i%2C+libertine%2Caps%2C155&sr=8-1Rethinking reification (Pitkin, 1987) - link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00135697Borders that are Visible on Satellite Imagery (Dempsey, 2014) - geographyrealm.com/borders-visible-satellite-imageryChatGPT Does Physics, by Sixty Symbols - youtube.com/watch?v=GBtfwa-FexcChatGPT vs. Photocopier - twitter.com/aedison/status/1639233873841201153ChatGPT is a Blurry JPEG of the Web (Chiang, 2023) - newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/chatgpt-is-a-blurry-jpeg-of-the-webLukács’s Theory of Reification and Contemporary Social Movements (Feenberg, 2013) - youtube.com/watch?v=DlIe5CHdeEoOpenAI Chatbot Spits Out Biased Musings, Despite Guardrails (Alba, 2022) - bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2022-12-08/chatgpt-open-ai-s-chatbot-is-spitting-out-biased-sexist-resultsThe Internet’s New Favorite AI Proposes Torturing Iranians and Surveilling Mosques (Biddle, 2022) - theintercept.com/2022/12/08/openai-chatgpt-ai-bias-ethicsDiffusion Bias Explorer - huggingface.co/spaces/society-ethics/DiffusionBiasExplorerAI & the American Smile (Jenka, 2023) - medium.com/@socialcreature/ai-and-the-american-smile-76d23a0fbfafthe customer service of the new Bing chat is amazing - reddit.com/r/bing/comments/110eagl/the_customer_service_of_the_new_bing_chat_isExclusive: OpenAI Used Kenyan Workers on Less Than $2 Per Hour to Make ChatGPT Less Toxic (Perrigo, 2023) - time.com/6247678/openai-chatgpt-kenya-workersChatGPT vs. Buzzfeed Article Ideas - twitter.com/Jon_Christian/status/1641453192553611264ChatGPT vs. Christian Jokes vs. Muslim Jokes - twitter.com/SJWilliams123/status/1640746788926763010/photo/1ChatGPT vs. Cause of 2014 War in Ukraine - twitter.com/D0Pis/status/1640789579379916800/photo/1ChatGPT vs. Girlfriend Bleeding Out - twitter.com/carolyn_vb/status/1640788165504933910ChatGPT vs. Meaning of Art - twitter.com/Nartimar/status/1640833502949040128ChatGPT vs. School Shootings - twitter.com/Dsrussosusan/status/1640831527175979008ChatGPT Python Program for Torture Based on Nationality - twitter.com/spiantado/status/1599462405225881600
236. Self-Control, Akrasia, & Multiple Self Theory THUNK 2023-02-24 | Acting against our better judgment is a bit of a puzzle: if we know what’s “best,” & nothing is preventing us, why don’t we do it? Who is it that’s doing the controlling or being controlled in “self-control?”THUNK Patreon: patreon.com/THUNKShow- Links for the Curious - First Person Plural (Bloom, 2008) - https://pdodds.w3.uvm.edu/files/papers/others/everything/bloom2008a.pdfA Multiple Self Theory of the Mind - journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2466/02.09.28.CP.1.5 A Dual-Self Model of Impulse Control (Fudenberg & Levine, 2006) - https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=9f0ba1f9eef4ff2493ccbd0a50f8af7635d4f6b7 From dual processes to multiple selves: Implications for economic behavior (Alós-Ferrer & Strack, 2014) - sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167487013001517 I, Too, Sail Past - Odysseus and the Logic of Self-Control (Sally, 2000) - researchgate.net/profile/David-Sally/publication/4775007_I_Too_Sail_Past_Odysseus_and_the_Logic_of_Self-Control/links/5dee77dc4585159aa470e787/I-Too-Sail-Past-Odysseus-and-the-Logic-of-Self-Control.pdf Reflection and Reasoning in Moral Judgment - onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01210.x Emotions and Decision Making (Lerner et al, 2014) - https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jenniferlerner/files/annual_review_manuscript_june_16_final.final_.pdf Fluctuating capacity and advance decision-making in Bipolar Affective Disorder — Self-binding directives and self-determination (Gergel & Owen, 2015) - sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252715000680 The Stanford Marshmallow Prison Experiment - hotelconcierge.tumblr.com/post/113360634364/the-stanford-marshmallow-prison-experiment Embodied Akrasia: James On Motivation And Weakness Of Will - jstor.org/stable/26493690 Discourse on the Passions (Hume) - davidhume.org/texts/p/full Weakness of Will (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/weakness-will/
235. Infrastructure and Standards THUNK 2023-02-06 | As global warming taxes the structures supporting our towns and cities, the technical standards that define the operation of those structures will be tested…but who decides what those standards should be? Are they equal to the task?-Links for the Curious-Extrastatecraft, by Keller Easterling - versobooks.com/books/2163-extrastatecraft Why ISO should make all standards Publicly Available, by Jon Sneyers - docs.google.com/document/d/12Gmy2s4Nmkw6VDv2B6b5K1DLYhPrTUqSntrlmYzJpNw/edit What recent atmospheric rivers reveal about Bay Area's aging wastewater systemsStory by Tim Didion - msn.com/en-us/weather/other/what-recent-atmospheric-rivers-reveal-about-bay-area-s-aging-wastewater-systems/ar-AA16ViMc ISO membership manual - iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/store/en/PUB100399.pdf Introduction to ISO 14001:2015 - iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/store/en/PUB100371.pdf ISO 24511:2007 - Activities relating to drinking water and wastewater services - iso.org/standard/37247.html Microsoft accused of stacking ISO committee | ZDNET - zdnet.com/article/microsoft-accused-of-stacking-iso-committeeMartin Bryan Working Group Status Report - http://www.jtc1sc34.org/repository/0940.htm researchgate.net/publication/287126099_Hybrid_systems_modeling_and_automated_air_traffic_control_for_three-dimensional_separation_assurance San Francisco TODAY! Crazy Flash Flooding in Bay Area, California, US - youtube.com/watch?v=BVdh9Q9TlAw
234. Tidiness THUNK 2023-01-05 | In the new year, many will try to develop habits of keeping their homes & workspaces tidy, but maybe their longing for uncluttered space is driven more by a set of cultural biases than any sort of practical advantage.-Links for the Curious-There’s magic in mess: why you should embrace a disorderly desk | Financial Times - ft.com/content/e6f82da0-8b4d-11e6-8cb7-e7ada1d123b1The character, value, and management of personal paper archives (Whittaker & Hirschberg, 2001) - sites.google.com/site/minks0008/3.pdfIt’s Here Somewhere: The Effects of Storage Methods on Job Performance (Herman Miller, 2008) - sof328.com/ResearchSummaries/wp_Here_Somewhere.pdf Cleanliness Is Next To Godliness? Clean And Dirty Metaphors In English And Serbian (Pavlović, 2011) - https://belgrade-bells.fil.bg.ac.rs/index.php/belgrade-bells/article/download/bells-2012-4-2/74 Making Wrong Code Look Wrong – Joel Spolsky - joelonsoftware.com/2005/05/11/making-wrong-code-look-wrong Why Cleaning Matters: 3 Reasons to Keep Your Workplace Tidy - trinet.com/insights/why-cleaning-matters-3-reasons-to-keep-your-workplace-tidy 10 reasons why having your house tidy improves your life | SZS Cleaning Company - szscleaning.com/10-reasons-why-having-your-house-tidy-improves-your-lifeUnfuck Your Habitat, a non-judgmental self-help system for people who would like to live a little less cluttered - unfuckyourhabitat.com (Thanks Kelly!)
233. The View from Nowhere & Aliens THUNK 2022-12-14 | In Star Trek: The Next Generation, Q is a bit of a puzzle - on the one hand, he's an incomprehensibly intelligent being from outside time & space. On the other hand, he's incredibly aggravating & petty. One might say that, with such phenomenal insight, he should be more objective...but what does that mean, exactly?- Links for the Curious -philarchive.org/archive/KAWMLI taylorfrancis.com/books/edit/10.4324/9780429497391/screening-sacred-joel-martin?refId=c66dca0b-6ce4-4651-be22-0da37df14bdd&context=ubxjournals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0263276419851846 https://vdocument.in/science-and-the-sacred-cosmos-the-ideological-rhetoric-of-as-carl-sagan.html?page=1 docslib.org/doc/5391220/the-day-the-earth-stood-still-1950s-sci-fi-religion-and-the-alien-messiah http://www.chakoteya.net/NextGen/101.htmhttp://www.chakoteya.net/NextGen/277.htm (23) Q tries to thank the Enterprise crew Star Trek TNG (HD) - YouTube - youtube.com/watch?v=kl2nJQrpksc(23) First encounter with the Borg | Star Trek TNG - YouTube - youtube.com/watch?v=UolX8swBJHc
232. Repair vs. Design THUNK 2022-11-24 | Apple has built their brand on a fanatical commitment to design, but their devices can be straight-up hostile when it comes to repair & maintenance. Maybe one leads to the other.-Links for the Curious-'Complete control': Apple accused of overpricing, restricting device repairs | CBC News - cbc.ca/news/thenational/complete-control-apple-accused-of-overpricing-restricting-device-repairs-1.4859099 Values in Repair (Houston et al, 2016) - dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2858036.2858470 Designing for Repair? Infrastructures and Materialities of Breakdown (Rosner & Ames, 2014) - http://www.dataluna.com/moca-papers/319.pdf Design for repair: empowering consumers to fix the future | Guardian sustainable business - theguardian.com/sustainable-business/design-repair-empowering-consumers-fix-future The Mechanics of Workplace Order: Toward a Sociology of Repair (Henke, 1999) - jstor.org/stable/41035546 The Work of Repair: Gesture, Emotion and Sensual Knowledge (Dant, 2010) - researchgate.net/publication/46559262_The_Work_of_Repair_Gesture_Emotion_and_Sensual_Knowledge/download Making: Movement or Brand? (Bean & Rosner, 2014) - https://faculty.washington.edu/dkrosner/files/making-bean-rosner.pdf The History Of Jailbreaking [Feature] | Cult of Mac - cultofmac.com/192850/the-history-of-jailbreaking-feature Apple's Jony Ive describes "fanatical" approach to design in interview | Macworld - macworld.com/article/670762/apples-jony-ive-describes-fanatical-approach-to-design-in-interview.html Jonathan Ive: Apple's goal isn't to make money | WIRED UK - wired.co.uk/article/jonathan-ive-revenue-good-designApple I - Wikipedia - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_INixing the Fix: A Workshop on Repair Restrictions | Federal Trade Commission - ftc.gov/news-events/events/2019/07/nixing-fix-workshop-repair-restrictionsLouis keeps his middle finger high for Apple Inc! - youtube.com/watch?v=26cNHSilikI 20 years Same dealer, same brand. Not even a cheap gold watch. - reddit.com/gallery/y3bhkfOLPC’s $100 laptop was going to change the world — then it all went wrong - The Verge - theverge.com/2018/4/16/17233946/olpcs-100-laptop-education-where-is-it-now
231. Self-Bullsh*t THUNK 2022-11-12 | Have you ever watched in horror as someone systematically, deliberately makes every wrong decision necessary for disaster? Philosopher Leslie Howe advances a theory that may help to explain the phenomenon: it’s easy to ignore warning signs if you buy your own bullshit.NOTE: Right after I uploaded, someone pointed me to an article about a fetish of insane kitchen failures, of which Misty's video may be a part. 🙃 Please feel free to substitute any large, avoidable fail you've seen as an example.- Links for the Curious -Bullshit as a practical strategy for self‐deceptive narrators (Howe, 2022) - onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/phil.12318‘Pizzagate’ gunman says he was foolish, reckless, mistaken — and sorry - The Washington PostLies, Bullshit and Fake News (MacKenzie & Batt, 2020) - link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42438-019-00085-4A Slice Of Pragmatism: Navigating The Pizzagate Conspiracy, Bullshit and Fake News in the Post-Truth Era (Jones, 2019) - https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/1061163/Jones,%20Madeline%202019.pdf?sequence=1 Bullshit as a Problem of Social Epistemology (Wakeham, 2017) - researchgate.net/profile/Joshua-Wakeham/publication/315321666_Bullshit_as_a_Problem_of_Social_Epistemology/links/5a14dce7aca27273c9eb0ea0/Bullshit-as-a-Problem-of-Social-Epistemology.pdf On Bullshit (Frankfurt, 1986) - http://www2.csudh.edu/ccauthen/576f12/frankfurt__harry_-_on_bullshit.pdf Warrant and action (Gerken, 2011) - link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-009-9655-0 Components of Vested Interest andAttitude-Behavior Consistency (Crano & Prislin, 1995) - researchgate.net/profile/Radmila-Prislin/publication/247808633_Components_of_Vested_Interest_and_Attitude-Behavior_Consistency/links/54adca260cf2213c5fe4199c/Components-of-Vested-Interest-and-Attitude-Behavior-Consistency.pdf Self-Regulatory Aspects of Bullshitting and Bullshit Detection (Petrocelli et al, 2020) - researchgate.net/publication/341055056_Self-Regulatory_Aspects_of_Bullshitting_and_Bullshit_Detection/link/5f654c24a6fdcc00862d1395/download Probably not the best idea I’ve ever had (Mistie Knight) - instagram.com/p/ChiYvGOJz5I/?hl=en Expensive Fails: Mo Money, Mo Fails | FailArmy - youtube.com/watch?v=AaWn4VP37SU
230. Advertising THUNK 2022-10-12 | Ads are everywhere, & find their way into more places every day. Companies spend hundreds of billions of dollars shilling for their products. But there’s a question we haven’t answered conclusively: do they *work?*-Links for the Curious-TV Advertising Effectiveness and Profitability: Generalizable Results from 288 Brands - papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3273476Consumer Heterogeneity And Paid Search Effectiveness: A Large Scale Field Experiment (Blake, Nosco, & Tadelis, 2014) - nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w20171/w20171.pdf When Big Brands Stopped Spending On Digital Ads, Nothing Happened. Why? (Fou, 2021) - forbes.com/sites/augustinefou/2021/01/02/when-big-brands-stopped-spending-on-digital-ads-nothing-happened-why/?sh=248dbe221166 Does Advertising Actually Work? (Part 1: TV) - Freakonomics - freakonomics.com/podcast/does-advertising-actually-work-part-1-tv-ep-440Agencies Agree; 2021 Was A Record Year For Ad Spending, With More Growth Expected In 2022 (Adgate, 2021) - forbes.com/sites/bradadgate/2021/12/08/agencies-agree-2021-was-a-record-year-for-ad-spending-with-more-growth-expected-in-2022/?sh=4d2242197bc6 On the phenomenon of bullshit jobs - David Graeber | libcom.org - libcom.org/article/phenomenon-bullshit-jobs-david-graeberFacebook will disable new political ads a week before US midterm elections | TechCrunch - techcrunch.com/2022/08/16/facebook-political-ads-2022-midterms Advertising budget projections - dmx9040v9xyo8.cloudfront.net/uploads/2021/03/us-media-owners-1024x709.pngZuckerberg’s mea culpa for Facebook’s effects on the 2016 election - facebook.com/4/posts/10112270823363411/?extid=tRFaoBfBfGLsqIZv&d=n Facebook bans new political ads in the week before Election Day - POLITICO - politico.com/news/2020/09/03/facebook-bans-political-ads-election-day-408255Hoover’s declamation of radio advertisements - babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210015274606&view=1up&seq=1422What Facebook Did to American Democracy - The Atlantic - theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/10/what-facebook-did/542502 Google Chrome train ads tweet - mobile.twitter.com/AnushaVable/status/1559654560649531392Google Chrome billboard - flickr.com/photos/ell-r-brown/5307532591
229. Deep Work THUNK 2022-09-19 | When you think of "being productive," you probably imagine some variation of rise-and-grind. But Cal Newport's theory of Deep Work suggests, if we want to maximize productivity, maybe we should try to cultivate some room for quiet, uninterrupted thinking.- Links for the Curious -Deep Work, by Cal Newport - betterworldbooks.com/product/detail/Deep-Work---Rules-for-Focused-Success-in-a-Distracted-World-9780349413686 The 3-Hour Fields Medal: A Slow Productivity Case Study - Study Hacks - Cal Newport - calnewport.com/blog/2022/07/05/the-3-hour-fields-medal-a-slow-productivity-case-studyJohn McPhee’s Slow Productivity - Study Hacks - Cal Newport - calnewport.com/blog/2022/03/09/john-mcphees-slow-productivityCal Newport Review: Email Broke the Office. Here's How to Fix It | GQ - gq.com/story/cal-newport-end-of-email Lessons of the Financial Crisis: The Dangers of Short-Termism - https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2011/07/04/lessons-of-the-financial-crisis-the-dangers-of-short-termism/Overthrowing the Tyranny of Quarterly Capitalism | Fox Business - foxbusiness.com/features/overthrowing-the-tyranny-of-quarterly-capitalismOn the phenomenon of bullshit jobs (Graeber, 2013) - libcom.org/article/phenomenon-bullshit-jobs-david-graeberTo save the world, we’re going to have to stop working (Graeber, 2020) - theanarchistlibrary.org/library/david-graeber-to-save-the-world-we-re-going-to-have-to-stop-workingTask Switching Test (thanks Xob!) - psytoolkit.org/experiment-library/taskswitching.html
228. The Intelligence Trap & Evidence-Based Wisdom THUNK 2022-09-04 | We often look to intelligent individuals to provide us with insight & guidance, but if you ask science writer David Robson, intelligence isn’t just the wrong barometer for good decision-making, it may lead to *worse* decisions!-Links for the Curious-The Intelligence Trap, by David Robson - betterworldbooks.com/product/detail/The-Intelligence-Trap---Why-Smart-People-Make-Dumb-Mistakes-9780393651423The Evidence-Based Wisdom Blog - evidencebasedwisdom.comDecision-Making Competence: More Than Intelligence? (Bruin et al, 2020) - journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0963721420901592A Route to Well-being: Intelligence vs. Wise Reasoning (Grossman et al, 2014) - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3594053/pdf/nihms422604.pdf Confirmatory factor analysis of the Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test in three international samples: An empirical test of the triarchic theory of intelligence (Sternberg et al, 2001) - psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-14900-001 Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex (Bechara, Damasio et al,, 1994) - https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.407.9471&rep=rep1&type=pdfThe Iowa Gambling Task and the somatic marker hypothesis: some questions and answers (Bechara, Damasio et al,, 2005) - https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.137.6124&rep=rep1&type=pdfDeciding Advantageously Before Knowing theAdvantageous Strategy (Bechara, Damasio et al, 1997) - https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~dana/Damasio2.pdfNeil deGrasse Tyson Has a Critically Important Message for Americans - futurism.com/watch-neil-degrasse-tyson-has-a-critically-important-message-for-americansBill Gates: Japan can play big role in fight against infectious diseases | NHK WORLD-JAPAN News - www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220820_02Bill Gates reveals his involvement in pushing through climate bill in interview with Bloomberg | Fox News - foxnews.com/media/bill-gates-reveals-involvement-pushing-through-climate-bill-interview-bloombergIAmA 74-time Jeopardy! champion, Ken Jennings. I will not be answering in the form of a question. - reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/fwpzj/iama_74time_jeopardy_champion_ken_jennings_i_willBill Gates, Big Pharma and entrenching the vaccine apartheid - The Mail & Guardian - https://mg.co.za/coronavirus-essentials/2021-01-30-bill-gates-big-pharma-and-entrenching-the-vaccine-apartheid/Why Socialism? (Einstein, 1949) - monthlyreview.org/2009/05/01/why-socialismCocktail party ideas (Dan Luu) - danluu.com/cocktail-ideas
227. Minimum Constraint Design THUNK 2022-07-25 | Mechanical engineering has its own, mathematically-defined version of "less is more," & once you know about it, you'll see it *everywhere.*- Links for the Curious -The Minimum Constraint Design & the First Axiom (Santos et al, 2009) - axiomaticdesign.com/wp-content/uploads/icad2009_15.pdf Designing Cost-Efficient Mechanisms (Kamm, 1990) - betterworldbooks.com/product/detail/Designing-Cost-Efficient-Mechanisms---Minimum-Constraint-Design--Designing-with-Commercial-Components--and-Topics-in-Design-Engineering-9781560914099The Timeless Way of Building (Alexander, 1979) - https://www.june.kim/timeless-way-of-buildingMike Rugnetta - rugnetta.com, patreon.com/mikerugnetta136. Engineering Wisdom: Tolerance & Failing Gracefully - youtube.com/watch?v=9AYuXNz_0Fc175. The Aesthetic of Programming - youtube.com/watch?v=HH8HvHj5eFQNumberphile: Wobbly Tables - youtube.com/watch?v=OuF-WB7mD6k
226. The Ultimatum Game THUNK 2022-07-03 | The “logic” of the ultimatum game is simple - something is better than nothing, so you ought to accept any deal where you come out ahead, no matter how unfair that deal is. Why, then, does almost everyone reject unfair deals, even if it means sacrifice?-Links for the Curious-Rejection of unfair offers in the ultimatum game is no evidence of strong reciprocity (Yamagishi et al, 2012) - pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1212126109The tyranny of non-aggregation versus the tyranny of aggregation in social choices: A real dilemma (Fleurbaey & Tungodden, 2006) - core.ac.uk/download/pdf/30791273.pdfThe social and ethical consequences of a calculative mindset (Wang et al, 2012) - duwtje.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/The-social-and-ethical-consequences-of-a-calculative-mindset.pdf Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma contains strategies that dominate any evolutionary opponent (pRESS & Dyson, 2012) - pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1206569109Fairness Versus Reason in the Ultimatum Game (Nowak et al, 2000) - jstor.org/stable/3077853 Group Decision-Making and Voting in Ultimatum Bargaining: An Experimental Study (Elbittar et al, 2011) - https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/66067/1/MPRA_paper_66067.pdfMarket Integration and Fairness: Evidence from Ultimatum, Dictator,and Public Goods Experiments in East Africa (Ensminger, 2004) - researchgate.net/profile/Jean_Ensminger/publication/51993128_Market_Integration_and_Fairness_Evidence_from_Ultimatum_Dictator_and_Public_Goods_Experiments_in_East_Africa/links/54d0d5a70cf29ca81103e86b.pdf ULTIMATUM BARGAINING BEHAVIOR A survey and comparison of experimental results (GOTH & TIETZ, 1990) - http://www.dklevine.com/archive/refs4295.pdfExperimental Economics—A Philosophical Perspective (Güth & Kliemt, 2017) - oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935314.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935314-e-16'Utilitarian' judgments in sacrificial moral dilemmas do not reflect impartial concern for the greater good (Kahane et al, 2015) - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4259516
225. Relexicalization: Extraneous Renaming THUNK 2022-06-10 | Every generation invents its own lingo - language naturally evolves & develops over time. But quietly re-inventing terminology for stuff that’s already named (“relexicalization”) can be a move with far-reaching political & epistemic consequences.-Links for the Curious-Language and Control (Fowler et al, 1979) - http://library.lol/main/8E9C562F915490873345E955789195E3 google.com/books/edition/Language_and_Control/fkEiEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=fowler+1979+language+and+control&pg=PP1&printsec=frontcoverLearn to Write Badly : How to Succeed in the Social Sciences (Billig, 2013) - betterworldbooks.com/product/detail/Learn-to-Write-Badly---How-to-Succeed-in-the-Social-Sciences-9781107676985 Reinventing Wheels (Voas, 2020) - computer.org/csdl/magazine/co/2020/02/08996110/1hmvEhbbHQ4Defining, Understanding, and Addressing Big Data (Bihl et al, 2016) - researchgate.net/profile/Trevor-Bihl/publication/283502288_Defining_Understanding_and_Addressing_Big_Data/links/563b739f08ae405111a75d66/Defining-Understanding-and-Addressing-Big-Data.pdfLibrary of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) - librarianshipstudies.com/2018/01/library-of-congress-subject-headings-lcsh.htmlThe Burden of Knowledge and the oDeath of the Renaissance Manp: Is Innovation Getting Harder?! (Jones, 2008) - http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/faculty/jones-ben/htm/BurdenOfKnowledge.pdfA Mathematical Model for the Determination of Total Area Under Glucose Tolerance and Other Metabolic Curves (Tai, 1993) - https://math.berkeley.edu/~ehallman/math1B/TaisMethod.pdfTai's Formula Is the Trapezoidal Rule (Monaco & Anderson, 1994) - diabetesjournals.org/care/article/17/10/1224/18808/Tai-s-Formula-Is-the-Trapezoidal-Rule Reply From Mary Tai (Tai, 1994) - diabetesjournals.org/care/article/17/10/1225/18706/Reply-From-Mary-TaiAncient Babylonian astronomers calculated Jupiter's position from the area under a time-velocity graph (Ossendrijver, 2016) - science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.aad8085 Avoid Neologisms (Wiki Wiki Web) - wiki.c2.com/?AvoidNeologismsNeologisms to describe neologisms: Philosophers of science and terminological innovation (Ahmad, 1999) - https://www.scss.tcd.ie/khurshid.ahmad/Research/OntoTerminology/1999_PhilosophySci_Terminological_Innovation.pdf Re-inventing the wheel: Why not? Many do. - http://www.betaboston.com/news/2014/07/09/re-inventing-the-wheel-why-not-many-do US6080436A - Bread refreshing method - Google Patents - patents.google.com/patent/US6080436 Kids Invent New Words All The Time… - izismile.com/2020/07/30/kids_invent_new_words_all_the_time_44_pics.html Silicon Valley's Dumbest 'Inventions' of 2017 (Jones, 2017) - gizmodo.com/silicon-valleys-dumbest-inventions-of-2017-1821307689Unburdening the Shoulders of Giants: A Quest for Disconnected Academic Psychology (Krpan, 2020) - journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1745691620904775 Reinventing Invention, Again (Simonson, 2014) - tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02773945.2014.938862The Disruption Machine: What the gospel of innovation gets wrong (Lepore, 2014) - https://facultygovernance.mit.edu/sites/default/files/What_the_Gospel_of_Innovation_Gets_Wrong-The_New_Yorker.pdf The Trouble with Terms (Voas, unpublished) - tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=926497Yo, where's my Juicero? A survey of talent in Silicon Valley (Squires, 2021) - jessesquires.com/blog/2021/11/30/yo-wheres-my-juiceroThe modern/colonial hell of innovation economy: future as a return to colonial mythologies (Tarvainen, 2022) - tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14747731.2022.2048460Disruption is an excuse for politically motivated changes (Neem, 2012) - insidehighered.com/views/2012/06/26/disruption-excuse-politically-motivated-changes-essayGood Idea: Reinventing Invention (Glasner, 2006) - wired.com/2006/03/good-idea-reinventing-inventionInternational Standardization of Terminology: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects (Felber, 1980) - degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/ijsl.1980.23.65/htmlCritical discourse analysis - Wikipedia - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_discourse_analysisGreat Conversation - Wikipedia - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_ConversationStovepipe system - Wikipedia - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stovepipe_system221. Spolsky’s Maxim & Innovation - youtube.com/watch?v=3iUySuDkly8
224. Superintelligence Assumptions THUNK 2022-05-15 | Many of those who are 100% convinced by Nick Bostrom’s arguments about the potential for a runaway superintelligence tend to share certain beliefs about the world - is it possible that his case hits *much* differently depending on one’s starting assumptions?- Links for the Curious - Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, & Strategies (Bostrom, 2014) - dorshon.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/superintelligence-paths-dangers-strategies-by-nick-bostrom.pdfSuperintelligence: The Idea That Eats Smart People (Maciej Cegłowski, 2016) - idlewords.com/talks/superintelligence.htmDual use of artificial-intelligence-powered drug discovery (Urbina et al, 2022) - nature.com/articles/s42256-022-00465-9A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence (Legg & Hutter, 2006) - http://www.vetta.org/documents/A-Collection-of-Definitions-of-Intelligence.pdf How to Think Rationally about World Problems (Stanovich, 2018) - http://keithstanovich.com/Site/Research_on_Reasoning_files/Stanovich_JOI_2018.pdf MIRI 990 Tax Documentation, 2020 - intelligence.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/990-2020.pdfShould We Fear Artificial Intelligence? (Startalk, 2015) - youtube.com/watch?v=1IFQsfTEm8sOn NYT Magazine on AI: Resist the Urge to be Impressed (Bender, 2022) - medium.com/@emilymenonbender/on-nyt-magazine-on-ai-resist-the-urge-to-be-impressed-3d92fd9a0eddIBM's AI Ethics, focusing on social & practical problems with AI systems - ibm.com/cloud/learn/ai-ethicsArtifice and Intelligence (Tucker, 2022) - https://techpolicy.press/artifice-and-intelligence/
223. Puzzles vs. Problems THUNK 2022-04-18 | What walks on 4 legs in the morning, 2 legs at noon, & 3 legs at night? A very peculiar dog! ...wait, was that not the answer? Why is it that puzzles are so different from real-life problems?- Links for the Curious -Instructional design models for well-structured and ill-structured problem-solving learning outcomes (Jonassen, 1997) - http://www.davidlewisphd.com/courses/EDD8121/weeklys/1997-Jonassen.pdfFiguring the Riddles of Adventure Games - aestheticsofplay.org/papers/tronstad2.htm Hotel Concierge — The Stanford Marshmallow Prison Experiment - hotelconcierge.tumblr.com/post/113360634364/the-stanford-marshmallow-prison-experiment Cognitive processes in well‐defined and ill‐defined problem solving - Schraw - 1995 - onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/acp.2350090605Cognitive Dissonance During Engineering Design (Purzer, Hilpert, and Wertz, 2011) - http://archive.fie-conference.org/fie2011/papers/1170.pdf Wisdom in Context (Grossman, 2017) - cs.uwaterloo.ca/~jhoey/teaching/cogsci600/papers/Grossmann_PPS_2017.pdf Moving Beyond Formulas and Fixations: Exploring Approaches to Solving Open-Ended Engineering Problems - peer.asee.org/moving-beyond-formulas-and-fixations-exploring-approaches-to-solving-open-ended-engineering-problems.pdf Who Ya Goima Call? Thoughts About Teaching Problem-Solving (Bramsford, 1994, CH 10) - files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED364997.pdf PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITIES (Chi & Glaser, 1983) - https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA134717.pdf Instructional design models for well-structured and ill-structured problem-solving learning outcomes solving problems vs. solving puzzles - Unity Forum - forum.unity.com/threads/solving-problems-vs-solving-puzzles.507045that many of the more active minds among those so trained sooner or later reactviolently against the deficiencies of their education and develop a passion forimposing on society the order which they are unable to detect by the means withwhich they are familiar. (Hayek 1952, p. 102)Problems and Puzzles - flm-journal.org/Articles/5D5C4F89C72C475E2ADC170399790A.pdf
222. Powerpoint - Form & Content THUNK 2022-03-28 | Could certain FORMS of media, the details of how their textual CONTENT is instantiated, reliably affect the MEANING of the messages they convey? Put another way: is PowerPoint making us stupid? - Links for the Curious -The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint - inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/pi/2016_2017/phil/tufte-powerpoint.pdfPowerPoint Presentation Technology and the Dynamics of Teaching - link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10755-006-9017-5.pdfPowerPoint, habits of mind, and classroom culture - http://www.maxvanmanen.com/files/2014/03/Adams-PowerPoint-Habits-of-Mind-Classroom-Culture1.pdfRick Kleffel’s “The Agony Column” - A 2016 Interview With Edward R. Tuftepodcastaddict.com/episode/28645971 Stick Figure Hamlet - http://www.stickfigurehamlet.com Concept Mapping in the Age of Deleuze: Fresh Perspectives and New Challenges - mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/education/education-10-00082/article_deploy/education-10-00082.pdfStrategy and PowerPoint: An Inquiry into the Epistemic Culture and Machinery of Strategy Making - web.archive.org/web/20190307232942id_/http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e8e0/bc88abb97a926ecc7629244122b9cd542b05.pdfInformation retention from PowerPoint™ and traditional lectures - ScienceDirect - sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360131508002017Against the Tyranny of PowerPoint: Technology-in-Use and Technology Abuse - researchgate.net/profile/Yiannis-Gabriel/publication/45110025_Against_the_Tyranny_of_PowerPoint_Technology-in-Use_and_Technology_Abuse/links/004635195cecb6360c000000/Against-the-Tyranny-of-PowerPoint-Technology-in-Use-and-Technology-Abuse.pdfTo Slideware or Not to Slideware - Students' Experiences with Powerpoint Vs Lecture - researchgate.net/profile/Nicole-Amare/publication/250145788_To_Slideware_or_Not_to_Slideware_Students'_Experiences_with_Powerpoint_Vs_Lecture/links/5435543a0cf2bf1f1f28eb09/To-Slideware-or-Not-to-Slideware-Students-Experiences-with-Powerpoint-Vs-Lecture.pdf What is the Meaning of The Medium is the Message? - http://individual.utoronto.ca/markfederman/article_mediumisthemessage.htmPBS Idea Channel - But Wait: Are You Hot, Or Is Your Media? - youtube.com/watch?v=BNcy24WD4yk Form is Content - youtube.com/watch?v=T4-yDxfDGxk Hamlet, First Folio - firstfolio.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/download/pdfs/F-ham.pdf Hamlet, Prince of Denmark - A BBC Radio Classic Drama - youtube.com/watch?v=HbdcD5SAD7QHamlet 1.5 - Hamlet and Ghost - youtube.com/watch?v=g05x9X7mpcY Fonts Matter - pics.me.me/fonts-matter-eaxl-be-mine-youll-always-be-mine-13040857.png 3M is Rewriting Business Planning - researchgate.net/profile/Philip-Bromiley/publication/13117772_Strategic_stories_How_3M_is_rewriting_business_planning/links/5736570e08ae9ace840af43d/Strategic-stories-How-3M-is-rewriting-business-planning.pdf?_sg%5B0%5D=started_experiment_milestone&origin=journalDetail
221. Spolskys Maxim & Starting from Scratch THUNK 2022-03-14 | Sometimes, it feels like the best way forward on a project is to throw everything out & start over from scratch, but Joel Spolsky is adamant that this is a terrible idea, & there’s decent evidence that he’s right.- Links for the Curious -Things You Should Never Do, Part 1 (Spolsky, 2000) - joelonsoftware.com/2000/04/06/things-you-should-never-do-part-iConservatism in Laboratory Microsocieties: Unpredictable Payoffs Accentuate Group-Specific Traditions (Caldwell & Millen, 2010) - dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/2120/1/Caldwell2010EHB.pdf Variable Cultural Acquisition Costs Constrain Cumulative Cultural Evolution (Mesoudi, 2011) - journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0018239Identifying innovation in laboratory studies of cultural evolution: rates of retention and measures of adaptation (Caldwell et al, 2016) - royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2015.0193“The Thing,” by GK Chesterton - d2y1pz2y630308.cloudfront.net/15471/documents/2016/10/G.K.Chesterton-The%20Thing.pdfKnowledge Waste In Organizations: A Review Of Previous Studies - pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a539/609c2dc7e3ec9fe22c6dee9a475392462043.pdf Not Invented Here (Kim, 1982) - https://www.academia.edu/download/58808970/NotInventedHere.pdf Chronological Snobbery: Has our ever-changing world changed us for the better? (Jorgenson, 2017) - theodysseyonline.com/chronological-snobberyWhy reinventing the wheels? An empirical study on library reuse and re-implementation (Xu et al, 2019) - https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5503&context=sis_research The Myth of the Software Rewrite (Dietrich, 2020) - daedtech.com/the-myth-of-the-software-rewrite How Stephen Jay Gould wrote Macbeth—Not giving credit where it’s due: lazy referencing and ignoring precedence (Leather, 2014) - ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/IEE/article/download/5266/pdf_8 The elephant in the room: What matters cognitively in cumulative technological culture (Osiuraka & Reynaud, 2020) - static1.squarespace.com/static/53485734e4b0fffc0dcc64c2/t/60196dc347036c7c0fee478c/1612279238248/the-social-side-of-innovation.pdf Innovation as a neoliberal ‘silver bullet’: critical reflections onthe EU’s Erasmus + Key Action 2 (Ord, 2020)- researchgate.net/profile/Jon-Ord-2/publication/343824805_Innovation_as_a_neoliberal_'silver_bullet'_critical_reflections_on_the_EU's_Erasmus_Key_Action_2/links/61f91af311a1090a79c79ecd/Innovation-as-a-neoliberal-silver-bullet-critical-reflections-on-the-EUs-Erasmus-Key-Action-2.pdfLots Of Candidates Want To Simplify Tax Code; Here's What They Get Wrong (Kurtzleben, 2015) - npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/09/28/443203910/lots-of-candidates-want-to-simplify-the-tax-code-heres-what-they-get-wrongHow to Improve Technology - Abandon Your Codebase - youtu.be/qfICBICGh18Reinventing the Wheel: Examining the Antecedents, Moderators,and Outcomes of the Innovation Process (Smothers, 2012) - https://egrove.olemiss.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1267&context=etd
220. Peirces Pragmatism THUNK 2022-02-21 | Charles Peirce's ideas were revolutionary, kicking off an entire philosophical movement now called "pragmatism," but one might argue that his ideas bear little resemblance to the path pragmatism ultimately took...he certainly thought as much. - Links for the Curious -The Fixation of Belief (Peirce, 1877) - http://www.bocc.ubi.pt/pag/peirce-charles-fixation-belief.pdf How to Make Our Ideas Clear (Peirce, 1878) - https://courses.media.mit.edu/2004spring/mas966/Peirce%201878%20Make%20Ideas%20Clear.pdf Pragmatism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2021) - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pragmatism/ Philosophical Writings of Charles Peirce (Buchler, 1940) - cdchester.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Philosophical-Writings-of-Peirce-Charles-S.-Peirce-Justus-Buchler-ed..pdf Pragmatism - A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking (James, 1907) - gutenberg.org/files/5116/5116-h/5116-h.htm Reconstruction in Philosophy (Dewey, 1920) - gutenberg.org/ebooks/40089Ep. 20: Pragmatism | The Partially Examined Life Philosophy Podcast - partiallyexaminedlife.com/product/ep-20-pragmatism-peirce-and-jamesViolent Agreement (Wiki Wiki Web) - wiki.c2.com/?ViolentAgreement
219. Clickbait & Sensationalism THUNK 2022-01-24 | YouTubers *HATE* him! This ONE WEIRD TRICK has sensationalist media creators ~THINKING DEEPLY~ about the systemic pressures of a ***RACE TO THE BOTTOM FOR ATTENTION!!!*** CLICK HERE TO FIND OUT MORE!!!!!11!!- Links for the Curious-Clickbait is Unreasonably Effective - youtube.com/watch?v=S2xHZPH5SngWhy Veritasium and MrBeast Aren't Clickbait - youtube.com/watch?v=7SHAD3ieTKYExplicating Sensationalism in Television News: Content and the Bells and Whistles of Form (Grabe et al, 2001) - researchgate.net/profile/Shuhua-Zhou/publication/249025488_Explicating_Sensationalism_in_Television_News_Content_and_the_Bells_and_Whistles_of_Form/links/54aedd160cf21670b3587480/Explicating-Sensationalism-in-Television-News-Content-and-the-Bells-and-Whistles-of-Form.pdfJournalism Ethics | Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication - oxfordre.com/communication/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-89 News in an Age of Competition:The Case of Sensationalism in DutchTelevision News, 1995–2001 (Hendriks et al, 2012) - https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/56468/56468.pdf;sequence=1 Sensationalism in the Newsroom: Its Yellow Beginnings, the Nineteenth Century Legal Transformation, and the Current Seizure of the American Press (Jackson, 2005) - https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1232&context=ndjlepp Packaging Television News: The Effects of Tabloid on Information Processing and Evaluative Responses (Grabe et al, 2000) - researchgate.net/profile/Shuhua-Zhou/publication/238400642_Packaging_Television_News_The_Effects_of_Tabloid_on_Information_Processing_and_Evaluative_Responses/links/54da3d670cf246475821c692/Packaging-Television-News-The-Effects-of-Tabloid-on-Information-Processing-and-Evaluative-Responses.pdf Presentation and impact of market-driven journalism on sensationalism in global TV news (Wang, 2012) - researchgate.net/profile/Tai-Li-Wang/publication/258137496_Presentation_and_impact_of_market-driven_journalism_on_sensationalism_in_global_TV_news/links/5ef1c139458515814a775666/Presentation-and-impact-of-market-driven-journalism-on-sensationalism-in-global-TV-news.pdf To Fix Fake News, Look To Yellow Journalism (Samuel, 2016) - daily.jstor.org/to-fix-fake-news-look-to-yellow-journalism The disadvantage of sensationalism in the media (The Hawk Newspaper, staff editorial) - http://www.sjuhawknews.com/the-disadvantage-of-sensationalism-in-the-media
218. Playing Devils Advocate THUNK 2021-12-22 | Research suggests that authentic dissent frequently leads a group to better decisions than a contrarian simply playing “Devil’s Advocate.” The question is: why should it matter if someone really disagrees, or is just faking it?- Links for the Curious - Devil's advocate versus authentic dissent: stimulatingquantity and quality (Nemeth et al, 2001) - researchgate.net/profile/Charlan_Nemeth/publication/229780153_Devil%27s_advocate_versus_authentic_dissent_Stimulating_quantity_and_quality/links/5eb96dd74585152169c6287e/Devils-advocate-versus-authentic-dissent-Stimulating-quantity-and-quality.pdfWhy do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory (Mercier & Sperber, 2011) - pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21447233The Influence of Social Interaction on Intuitions of Objectivity and Subjectivity (Fisher et al, 2016) - onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cogs.12380?identityKey=5df892a1-56cf-4803-9900-62e46db16887®ionCode=US-NY&wol1URL=%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fcogs.12380%2Ffull Minority Influence Theory (Nemeth, 2009) - escholarship.org/content/qt1pz676t7/qt1pz676t7.pdf In-Class Debates: Fertile Ground for Active Learning and theCultivation of Critical Thinking and Oral Communication Skills (Kennedy, 2007) - isetl.org/ijtlhe/pdf/IJTLHE19(2).pdf#page=83Dissoi Logoi (Robinson, 1979) - web.archive.org/web/20100714195741/http://www2.comm.niu.edu/faculty/kwhedbee/dissoilogoi.pdf Groups of diverse problem solvers can outperform groups of high-ability problem solvers (Hong & Page, 2004) - https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/scottepage/wp-content/uploads/sites/344/2015/11/pnas.pdfWhy do men want to play devil's advocate? An investigation - gq-magazine.co.uk/lifestyle/article/devils-advocateOpinion | The Dying Art of Disagreement - nytimes.com/2017/09/24/opinion/dying-art-of-disagreement.htmlThe Social Epistemology of Argument – Problems in Argument Analysis and Evaluation - https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/wsia062018/chapter/13/Updating on the Credences of Others:Disagreement, Agreement, and Synergy (Easwaran et al, 2015) - http://joelvelasco.net/Papers/synergy_preprint.pdf Detecting true and false opinions: The Devil's Advocate approach as a lie detection aid (Leal et al, 2010) - pure.port.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/128505/Devils_advocate.pdfEffects of the Expert, Devil’s Advocate, & Dialectical Inquiry Methods on Prediction Performance (Schwenk et al, 1980) - core.ac.uk/reader/4835430 Deviance and Dissent in Groups (Jessen, 2013) - researchgate.net/profile/Jolanda-Jetten/publication/237095760_Deviance_and_Dissent_in_Groups/links/53eaa90d0cf2dc24b3ce6f01/Deviance-and-Dissent-in-Groups.pdfGroup Creativity (see chapter by Nemeth) - google.com/books/edition/Group_Creativity/9QE2fXW_ce0C?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA63&printsec=frontcover 64. The Argumentative Theory of Human Reason - youtube.com/watch?v=Cduyyif7BVY135. Aumann's Agreement Theorem & Arguing to Learn - youtube.com/watch?v=hR5Bp7oCidI
217. A Theory of Good CAD THUNK 2021-12-06 | CAD is hard, but bad modeling habits make it even harder. A theory of what makes for *good* CAD might make things a little easier for you.Special thanks to:Torrey, Paul, Norm, Bennet, Ryan, Alberto, Greg, Pip, & Wei Jun- Links for the Curious -Autodesk Fusion 360 - autodesk.com/products/fusion-360/free-trial
216. Companions in Guilt THUNK 2021-11-16 | Are descriptors like "good" and "evil" pointing at real, objective features of the world? Surprisingly, despite the weirdness of moral facts, most philosophers would say "yes.” Why? Well...morality might not be the only thing in those crosshairs…😬Cuneo on Naturalism:Be that as it may, what I would like to point out is that, if naturalism implies that there are no moral facts and if this claim implies that there are no epistemic facts, then naturalism gives us strong reason to believe that there are no epistemic facts. If, however, my overarching argument is correct and there are epistemic facts, then we have good reason to believe that naturalism—at least of the kind that is driving the arguments we’ve considered—is false. The apparent price of tying naturalism so closely to moral antirealism is, I suggest, to increase the vulnerability of the naturalist project.- Links for the Curious -The Normative Web - An Argument for Moral Realism (Cuneo, 2007) - betterworldbooks.com/product/detail/The-Normative-Web--An-Argument-for-Moral-Realism-9780199581382Ethics: Inventing Right & Wrong (Mackie, 1977) - betterworldbooks.com/product/detail/Ethics---Inventing-Right-and-Wrong-9780140219579Metaethics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2012) - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/metaethics/Moral Anti-Realism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2021) - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-anti-realism/ Why Companions in Guilt Arguments Won't Work (Cowie, 2014) - christophercowie.files.wordpress.com/2020/10/why-companions-in-guilt-arguments-wont-work.pdf
215. The Theory of Accelerating Change THUNK 2021-10-15 | Futurists often suggest that technology grows exponentially more powerful over time, but there may be good reasons to doubt this notion, & *very* good reasons not to wait around for the future tech they promise is imminent.Climate Change LinksSunrise Movement - sunrisemovement.orgThe Green New Deal Network - greennewdealnetwork.orgSierra Club - sierraclub.org/take-action350.org - 350.org-Links for the Curious-Philosophical Analysis of Dark Souls, by Gemsbok - youtube.com/watch?v=xpf3KQBIoCY 118. The Antikythera Mechanism | THUNK - youtube.com/watch?v=zM3BDiKQdc4&feature=youtu.be Why Futurism Has a Cultural Blindspot - Issue 65: In Plain Sight - Nautilus - nautil.us/issue/65/in-plain-sight/why-futurism-has-a-cultural-blindspot-rpView of The 21st Century Singularity and its Big History Implications: A re-analysis - https://jbh.journals.villanova.edu/article/view/2329/2236Whole Brain Emulation: No Progress on C. elgans After 10 Years - lesswrong.com/posts/mHqQxwKuzZS69CXX5/whole-brain-emulation-no-progress-on-c-elgans-after-10-years THE CALIFORNIAN IDEOLOGY by Richard Barbrook and Andy Cameron - http://www.imaginaryfutures.net/2007/04/17/the-californian-ideology-2 Tomorrow’s World - Office of the Future (BBC, 1969) - youtube.com/watch?v=HnMjoitdRRM&feature=youtu.beWhat the 21st Century office of the future looked like in the 1960s - workplaceinsight.net/what-the-21st-century-office-looked-like-in-1967 Futurism Needs More Women (Eveleth, 2015) - theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/07/futurism-sexism-men/400097 Kids in the 1960's predict what the year 2000 will be like - youtube.com/watch?v=d-OKfcljAok1980's prediction of 2020 - youtube.com/watch?v=TmdZU_WFm8g Breakthrough in fusion energy: Is abundant low carbon energy within reach? - orfonline.org/expert-speak/breakthrough-in-fusion-energy-is-abundant-low-carbon-energy-within-reach artima - The Simplest Thing that Could Possibly Work - artima.com/articles/the-simplest-thing-that-could-possibly-work#part3Can Technology Reverse Climate Change? (IEEE, 2018) - spectrum.ieee.org/can-technology-reverse-climate-change Overconfidence in new technologies can influence decision-making - sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150408100742.htmDoes Technology Drive History? (Smith, 1994) - https://nissenbaum.tech.cornell.edu/papers/Smith%20-%20Technological%20Determinism.pdfThe Social in the Machine: How Historians of Technology Look Beyond the Object | Perspectives on History | AHA - historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/march-2014/the-social-in-the-machine Does Technological Change Shape Historical Change? | by Chris Neels | Predict - medium.com/predict/does-technological-change-shape-historical-change-eff16bc1e6d6 Do Machines Make History? (Heilbroner, 1967) - jstor.org/stable/3101719 Countdown to the Singularity - diamandis.com/blog/countdown-to-the-singularityWhere Americans Stand on Energy & Climate - apnorc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/EPIC_infographic.pdfwired.com/story/italy-futurist-movement-techno-utopiansntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900009424"The lock washer serves as a spring while the bolt is being tightened. However, the washer is normally flat by the time the bolt is fully torqued. At this time it is equivalent to a solid flat washer, and its locking ability is nonexistent. In summary, a Iock washer of this type is useless for locking."
214. The Myth of the Given THUNK 2021-09-21 | We normally think of our beliefs as being held up by a structure of supporting evidence & justification, ultimately based in some fundamental, irrefutable, "given" facts, but Wilfred Sellars thinks "givens" are a myth.- Links for the Curious -Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (Sellars, 1956) - https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/184083/1_11_Sellars.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yThe Partially Examined Life, Episode 154: Wilfrid Sellars on the Myth of the Given - partiallyexaminedlife.com/2016/12/19/episode-154-1-sellars THUNK episodes I’ll have to reconsider now:58. The Problem of Induction - youtube.com/watch?v=xu6kkLJ58Z064. The Argumentative Theory of Human Reason - youtube.com/watch?v=Cduyyif7BVY79. Science, Pseudoscience, & the Demarcation Problem | THUNK - youtube.com/watch?v=8dmOmprI0v4159. Theories of Truth, Part 1 | THUNK - youtube.com/watch?v=lgDAQw3XJzE63. Metaethics: Moral Realism & Antirealism | THUNK - youtube.com/watch?v=krOBdYnWKNk156. Less Wrong, Rationality, and Logicbros | THUNK - youtube.com/watch?v=Gtg9tQ4mqLc131. Puzzles of Epistemology | THUNK - youtube.com/watch?v=mxxOanHdpGk
213. Techno-Optimism THUNK 2021-08-23 | Many think the specific nature of a technology depends on the humans wielding it, but that tech ultimately serves humanity’s interests. Philosopher John McDermott challenges this view with a simple question: *whose* interests does tech serve?-Links for the Curious-Technology - The Opiate of the Intellectuals (McDermott, 1969).pdf - drive.google.com/file/d/1rnFe0EiPWP6bU7PvmSG2SdsKasHO2sJO/view?usp=sharing Looking Back in Order to Move Forward (Schwartz Cowan, 2009).pdf - drive.google.com/file/d/1XKx1Z281rr9AWIwlLXaIZSKH3JIrNGQv/view?usp=sharing IPCEF Webinar Series: The Ethics of Technical Innovation Webinar - youtu.be/kB1C82ndKeMThe Computer That Predicted the U.S. Would Win the Vietnam War- theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/10/the-computer-that-predicted-the-us-would-win-the-vietnam-war/542046
212. Vulnerability Theory THUNK 2021-07-26 | We judge our laws by a yardstick of formal equality - so long as there’s no discrimination in how laws are applied, we pat ourselves on the back for a job well done. Legal philosopher Martha Fineman thinks we should apply a different yardstick: the immutable nature of human fragility.-Links for the Curious- The Vulnerable Subject: Anchoring Equality in the Human Condition(Fineman, 2008) - https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1277&context=yjlf Beyond Equality & Discrimination (Fineman, 2020) - https://scholar.smu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1012&context=smulrforumWhat Vulnerability Theory Is and Is Not – Vulnerability and the Human Condition (Fineman, 2021) - https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/vulnerability/2021/02/01/is-and-is-not/Vulnerability Theory and the Role of Government (Kohn, 2014) - https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1345&context=yjlfAlways Already Suspect: Revising Vulnerability Theory (Cooper, 2015) _ https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=4788&context=nclr
211. The Hermeneutic Circle THUNK 2021-07-06 | In order to understand this text (as you are doing) you must understand the individual words that make it up...but the overall meaning isn't contained in the words themselves. It's almost like you have to consider the whole & its parts simultaneously. Curious.- Links for the Curious -Truth & Method (Gadamer, 1975) - b-ok.org/book/693475/b3b72dHermaneutics (SEP, 2020) - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hermeneutics/Hans-Georg Gadamer (SEP, 2018) - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/gadamer/PEL Episode 111: Gadamer's Hermaneutics - partiallyexaminedlife.com/2015/03/02/episode-111-gadamer-hermeneuticspartiallyexaminedlife.com/2015/02/16/topic111-gadamer-hermeneuticsThe genetics of monarch butterfly migration and warning coloration (Zuhn et al, 2014) - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4331202210. Programming & Theory-Building - youtube.com/watch?v=TmXsNV3r6DI
210. Programming & Theory-Building THUNK 2021-06-20 | “Programming” in the sense of “developing algorithmic instructions” isn’t just for computers - all rigorously-defined human systems are “programmed” after a fashion. But what is it that programmers (instruction-writers, legislators, chefs) are *doing*, exactly?NOTE: I accidentally uploaded this with the title for episode 205. T_T My mistake!- Links for the Curious-Programming as Theory-Building (Naur, 1985) - https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/Naur.pdf Defending the Incommunicability of Programs (Miller) - jimmyhmiller.github.io/incommunicabilityMetaphor - Extreme Programming Practice (Bjorn W, 2018) - explainagile.com/agile/xp-extreme-programming/practices/metaphor Gilbert Ryle (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ryle/How Does my Robot Navigate? | iRobot Customer Care - homesupport.irobot.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/19541/~/how-does-my-robot-navigate%3F78. Steampunk, Babbage, & Lovelace - youtube.com/watch?v=g17dqIoK-0I175. The Aesthetic of Programming - youtube.com/watch?v=HH8HvHj5eFQThe Beginning of Infinity: Explanations That Transform the World - David Deutsch (2011) - publicism.info/science/infinity/17.html
209. Intellectual Humility THUNK 2021-05-28 | It's hard to imagine two subreddits more different than IAmVerySmart & Change My View, & the difference is clear: intellectual arrogance/humility. But what is that, exactly?- Links for the Curious -Intellectual Humility: Owning Our Limitations (Whitcomb et al, 2015) - philarchive.org/archive/WHIIHO-3Intellectual Humility: An Interpersonal Theory (Priest, 2017) - https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/ergo/12405314.0004.016/--intellectual-humility-an-interpersonal-theory?rgn=main;view=fulltextWhy Be an Intellectually Humble Philosopher? (Mizrah, 2015) - philarchive.org/archive/MIZWBA-2v1Stepping Outside the Echo Chamber: Is Intellectual Humility Associated with Less PoliticalMyside Bias? (Bowe et al, 2021) - psyarxiv.com/vmsh9/download?format=pdfThe Nobel Disease: When Intelligence Fails to Protect against Irrationality (Basterfield et al, 2020) - skepticalinquirer.org/2020/05/the-nobel-disease-when-intelligence-fails-to-protect-against-irrationalityLinks between intellectual humility and acquiring knowledge (Krumrei-Mancuso, 2020) - tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17439760.2019.1579359Intellectual Humility, Confidence, and Argumentation (Kidd, 2016) - link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11245-015-9324-5Against Modest Epistemology (Yudkowsky, 2017) - lesswrong.com/posts/svoD5KLKHyAKEdwPo/against-modest-epistemologyIntellectual Humility: An Introduction to the Philosophy and Science (Church & Samuelson, 2016) - google.com/books/edition/Intellectual_Humility/RG8wDQAAQBAJ20 of the Greatest Blunders in Science in the Last 20 Years (Newman, 2000) - discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/20-of-the-greatest-blunders-in-science-in-the-last-20-years IAmVerySmart - reddit.com/r/iamverysmartreddit.com/r/iamverysmart/comments/i939xv/yeah_i_am_very_smartreddit.com/r/iamverysmart/comments/cp4flf/bats_are_birdsreddit.com/r/iamverysmart/comments/7nbnhs/i_texted_all_of_my_contacts_happy_new_year_imhttps://i.imgur.com/GqltLIO.jpgChange My View - reddit.com/r/changemyviewcdn.cnn.com/cnn/interactive/2020/02/world/freediving-guillaume-nery-cnnphotos/media/13.jpg
208. How Complex Systems Fail THUNK 2021-04-30 | Engineering disasters often highlight how bad decisions can wreak havoc, but Dr. Richard Cook's model of complex systems & how they fail paints a different picture.- Links for the Curious -How Complex Systems Fail (Cook, 2000) - https://how.complexsystems.fail/ Behind Human Error: Cognitive Systems, Computers and Hindsight (Cook, 1994) - https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a492127.pdfNormal Accidents (Perrow, 1984) - http://geo.unibuc.ro/dm/Documents/[Charles_Perrow]_Normal_Accidents.pdfVelocity 2012: Richard Cook, "How Complex Systems Fail" - youtube.com/watch?v=2S0k12uZR14Velocity NY 2013: Richard Cook, "Resilience In Complex Adaptive Systems" - youtube.com/watch?v=PGLYEDpNu60Flying Astronauts to Space Is Never Routine (Koren, 2020) - theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/11/spacex-nasa-astronauts-crew-launch/617112Well There's Your Problem 8: Three Mile Island - youtube.com/watch?v=Sm5p2K9eW9oWell There's Your Problem 4: The Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse - youtube.com/watch?v=Hw2t0MOGnVcWell There's Your Problem 12A: The Boeing 737 Max - youtube.com/watch?v=yvM6vaZKKm4Well There's Your Problem 14: The Quebec Bridge - youtube.com/watch?v=SjOduiPSF1QTHUNK 161: 13 Reasons Why & Compatibilism - youtube.com/watch?v=ngQ7Dh9-NFMTHUNK 199: FMEA - Dodging Disaster - youtube.com/watch?v=_z2s9Ornp6UClimbing Accident Reports: How (and Why) to Read Them (Kirby, courtesy of Angus Smith!) - http://www.alpineinstitute.com/articles/expert-tips/climbing-accident-reports-how-(and-why)-to-read-them"Funny how many problems boil down to 'People need to be less shitty to one another.'"-UlfooliusRest in peace, man. You will be missed.
207. The Anti-Politics of Sci-Fi THUNK 2021-04-16 | A lot of sci-fi skirts around substantive questions of politics - is this a coincidence, or is there something about the genre that encourages it?-Links for the Curious-A Political History of SF (Raymond, 2014) - http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/sf-history.htmlThe Skylark of Space, by Edward Elmer Smith and Lee Hawkins Garby - http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20869/20869-h/20869-h.htmWhy “The Martian“ Author Doesn’t Mix Politics With Sci-Fi (Vice, 2019) - youtube.com/watch?v=F2Wjz5G8WVgOur Greatest Political Novelist? (Kreider, 2013) - newyorker.com/books/page-turner/our-greatest-political-novelistThe Libertarian History of Science Fiction (Hill, 2020) - quillette.com/2020/06/12/the-libertarian-history-of-science-fiction Is Exploration Violent?, by Electric Didact - youtube.com/watch?v=FDLGT9BEbPM Sci-Fi Writers Are Imagining a Path Back to Normality (Kirtley, 2019) - wired.com/2019/03/geeks-guide-sci-fi-futureFantasy, science fiction, and politics (China Miéville interviewed by John McDonald) - isreview.org/issue/75/fantasy-science-fiction-and-politicsThe Engineers and the Political System (Timms, 2017) - lareviewofbooks.org/article/the-engineers-and-the-political-system 40 Years of the Prometheus Award (Nicholl, 2019) - tor.com/2019/04/08/40-years-of-the-prometheus-award
206. Social Rationality THUNK 2021-03-29 | Individual humans are demonstrably irrational, & no amount of training or debiasing has been shown to make a dent in that irrationality, which leads us to ask: if I can't think rationally on my own, why do I think at all?- Links for the Curious -The Evolution of Cultural Evolution (Henrich, 2003) - https://henrich.fas.harvard.edu/files/henrich/files/henrich_mcelreath_2003.pdfWhy do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory (Mercier & Sperber, 2011) - https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00904097/document Social Rationality as a Unified Model of Man (Including Bounded Rationality) (Lindenberg, 2001) - core.ac.uk/reader/148124580Fast and Frugal Heuristics: Tools of Social Rationality (Hertwig & Herzog, 2009) - https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_2504708/component/file_2520391/content Critical Thinking Education and Debiasing (Kenyon, 2014) - philarchive.org/archive/KENCTE-2Social Rationality versus Rational Egoism (Lindenberg, 2002) - drive.google.com/file/d/1qCSTcLvsUpp3kl5o-NZVFxnohpF2wEmH/view?usp=sharing THUNK 74. The Argumentative Theory of Human Reason - youtu.be/Cduyyif7BVYTHUNK 197. Cultural Evolution Theory - youtu.be/DMvneRu3imcTHUNK Discord Channel: discord.gg/FaHAjXn
205. Expert Advice & Rhetoric THUNK 2021-03-18 | Sometimes, getting an expert to tell you what they *really* think is like pulling teeth - if it's their job to give advice about their field, why are they often cagey about it? In a word: rhetoric.- Links for the Curious -Recognizing Rhetoric in Health Care Policy Analysis (Russell et al, 2008) - researchgate.net/profile/Trisha-Greenhalgh/publication/5527514_Recognizing_Rhetoric_in_Health_Care_Policy_Analysis/links/00b495298fe09b6be0000000/Recognizing-Rhetoric-in-Health-Care-Policy-Analysis.pdf Policy advice: Use experts wisely (Sutherland & Bergman, 2015) - nature.com/news/policy-advice-use-experts-wisely-1.18539 An Empirical Test of an Axiomatic Model of the Relationship Between Language Intensity & Persuasion ( Hamilton et al, 2009) - http://www.uky.edu/~ngrant/CJT780/readings/Day%207/HamiltonHunterBurgoon1990.pdfExpert Status and Performance (Bergman et al, 2011) - journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0022998Brain mechanisms of persuasion: how ‘expert power’ modulates memory and attitudes (Klucharev et al, 2008) - academic.oup.com/scan/article/3/4/353/1625801?login=true Expert Witness Confidence andJuror Personality: Their Impacton Credibility and Persuasionin the Courtroom (Cramer et al, 2009) - researchgate.net/profile/Jamie-Decoster-3/publication/24211569_Expert_Witness_Confidence_and_Juror_Personality_Their_Impact_on_Credibility_and_Persuasion_in_the_Courtroom/links/540f0f7b0cf2df04e75a1e0d/Expert-Witness-Confidence-and-Juror-Personality-Their-Impact-on-Credibility-and-Persuasion-in-the-Courtroom.pdfWebMD and the Tragedy of Legible Expertise - astralcodexten.substack.com/p/webmd-and-the-tragedy-of-legible
25K Subscriber Livestream THUNK 2021-03-14 | - Reading List -Brian Tomasik's Essays on Reducing SufferingS-RisksPrisoners of GeographyTaylor Anatoly Karlin's articles on the Age of Malthusian IndustrialismEcology against CapitalismMarshall McLuhan's ideas?Or Harold Innis?6ix9ine"Friendly numbers" or "Landmark numbers"Straw Dogs by John Gray?The Reality Bubble
204. Ignorance & A Thousand Plateaus THUNK 2021-02-09 | Deliberate ignorance of subjects that seem “useless” is a common & self-fulfilling attitude, but for postmodern philosophers Deleuze & Guattari, it’s not just misguided, it’s missing the point of thinking.NOTE: Deleuze's attitude towards rhizomes wasn't a metaphorical one, as is represented here & in much secondary literature & analysis - he viewed them as extant ontological entities in virtual space. (I have no idea what that means.)-Links for the Curious-A Thousand Plateaus, by Deleuze & Guattari - http://www.kareneliot.de/downloads/Deleuze%20Guattari%20A%20Thousand%20Plateaus.pdfPBS Idea Channel Finale, Part 1: What are Ideas, & Who Gets to Have Them? by Mike Rugnetta - youtu.be/JkOIhs2mHpcSacrificed Basic Skill for Awesome Training, TV Tropes - tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/SacrificedBasicSkillForAwesomeTraining Discovering the Capacity of Human Memory (Wang et al, 2003) - researchgate.net/profile/Yingxu_Wang/publication/226698223_Discovering_the_Capacity_of_Human_Memory/links/02e7e520563e2e180e000000.pdfDeleuze (A Thousand Plateaus), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/deleuze/#ThoPla “Preparing the generous reader” by Annemarie Sullivan Palincsar - http://www.betterevidence.org/us-edition/issue-1/preparing-the-generous-readerMaximizing meaning: reading informative texts in Developmental Education (Y. Rijk, 2017) - semanticscholar.org/paper/Maximizing-meaning%3A-reading-informative-texts-in-Rijk/729b974c338d088d7da2b8a4e2ab5128a67d7e17
203. Bullsh*t & Truthlikeness THUNK 2021-01-13 | We expect a certain amount of bullsh*t in our politics, but little fibs have given way to bewildering, unbelievable fictions. Thankfully, some recent philosophers have insights as to why all bullsh*t isn’t created equal.-Links for the Curious-“On Bullshit” by Harry Frankfurt - http://www2.csudh.edu/ccauthen/576f12/frankfurt__harry_-_on_bullshit.pdf "The Relativity of Wrong" by Isaac Asimov - https://chem.tufts.edu/AnswersInScience/RelativityofWrong.htm“What Happened When I Spent A Week Calling People Out On Their BS” by Michael Grothaus - fastcompany.com/40481536/what-happened-when-i-spent-a-week-calling-people-out-on-their-bs “Opinion | This has been the BS presidency” by Molly Roberts - washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/10/28/no-more-bs-i-certainly-hope-soBrandolini's law - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandolini%27s_law“The Bullshitter-in-Chief” by Matthew Yglesias - vox.com/policy-and-politics/2017/5/30/15631710/trump-bullshit “On Trump's Bullshit” by David A. Graham - theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/07/on-trumps-bullshit/593062 Truthlikeness (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truthlikeness/ Meet the Press on Twitter: ""People took him literally. I never thought I'd see that," former White House Chief of Staff @MickMulvaney says." - twitter.com/MeetThePress/status/1348274523641151488 twitter.com/MeetThePress/status/1348274633817120768?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw “The Art of the Lie? The Bigger the Better” by Andrew Higgins - nytimes.com/2021/01/10/world/europe/trump-truth-lies-power.html “No, I Will Not Debate You” by Laurie Penny - longreads.com/2018/09/18/no-i-will-not-debate-youFuzzy Logic (Thanks, Xob!) - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_logic
202. The McNamara Fallacy THUNK 2020-12-29 | "I can't measure it, so it must not be important." And then: disaster.(Also a disaster: I can't pronounce McNamara.)- Links for the Curious-According To U.S. Big Data, We Won The Vietnam War - forbes.com/sites/jonathansalembaskin/2014/07/25/according-to-big-data-we-won-the-vietnam-war/?sh=2967afe53f21If We Can't Measure It, It Doesn't Exist - theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2009/09/if-we-cant-measure-it-it-doesnt-exist/26988 “How to Measure Anything” Review - lesswrong.com/posts/ybYBCK9D7MZCcdArB/how-to-measure-anythingMedicine and the McNamara fallacy (O’Mahony, 2017) - rcpe.ac.uk/sites/default/files/jrcpe_47_3_omahony.pdf A historian explores the dark side of metric-based performance evaluation - blogs.sciencemag.org/books/2018/01/30/the-tyranny-of-metrics Why Scientific Studies Are So Often Wrong: The Streetlight Effect - discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/why-scientific-studies-are-so-often-wrong-the-streetlight-effect Bridging The Inferential Gap (Stewart et al, 2009) - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2670472 Why We Still Use Our Heads Instead of Formulas: Toward an Integrative Approach - http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.874&rep=rep1&type=pdf Integrative literature reviews for the development of concepts (Broome, 2000) - researchgate.net/profile/Marion_Broome/publication/238248432_Integrative_literature_reviews_for_the_development_of_concepts/links/55ae580e08aed614b09a69bc/Integrative-literature-reviews-for-the-development-of-concepts.pdfThe integrative review: updated methodology (Knafl, 2005) - onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x?casa_token=eS70cyLzXoQAAAAA:cRia4J7_Ujf-gNWrvAv_K_nJnVaZsY7BcS9CTog33sK53zNfGbg-7TZ2hKVhPj0l5XDi0gXviUObGwIntegrative Approaches to Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence (Dixon-Woods et al, 2005) - researchgate.net/profile/Mary_Dixon-Woods/publication/249763686_Integrative_Approaches_to_Qualitative_and_Quantitative_Evidence/links/00b7d529d8a5793b1c000000/Integrative-Approaches-to-Qualitative-and-Quantitative-Evidence.pdfLeeroy Jenkins - youtube.com/watch?v=mLyOj_QD4a4
201. Theory of Constructed Emotion THUNK 2020-12-14 | We experience our emotions as instantaneous reactions to the world around us, but what if fear, happiness, & anxiety aren’t the result of dedicated, hardwired circuits in our brains? The Theory of Constructed Emotion suggests an alternate explanation.- Links for the Curious - “You aren't at the mercy of your emotions -- your brain creates them", by Lisa Feldman Barett - ted.com/talks/lisa_feldman_barrett_you_aren_t_at_the_mercy_of_your_emotions_your_brain_creates_them/transcript?language=enSolving the Emotion Paradox: Categorization and the Experience of Emotion (Barrett, 2006) - affective-science.org/pubs/2006/Barrett2006paradox.pdfOf Mice and Men: Natural Kinds of Emotions in the Mammalian Brain? A Response to Panksepp and Izard - Lisa Feldman Barrett, Kristen A. Lindquist, Eliza Bliss-Moreau, Seth Duncan, Maria Gendron, Jennifer Mize, Lauren Brennan, 2007 - journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00046.xHow Emotions are Made, by Lisa Feldman Barrett - bookshop.org/books/how-emotions-are-made-the-secret-life-of-the-brain/9781328915436 Book Summary - How Emotions Are Made: The Theory of Constructed Emotion - fortelabs.co/blog/how-emotions-are-madeUpdated: A re-replication of a psychological classic provides a cautionary tale about overhyped science - digest.bps.org.uk/2018/08/15/a-re-replication-of-a-psychological-classic-provides-a-cautionary-tale-about-overhyped-scienceFear and panic in humans with bilateral amygdala damage (Feinstein et al, 2013) - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3739474A lesion model of envy and Schadenfreude: legal, deservingness and moral dimensions as revealed by neurodegeneration (Santamaría-García, 2017) - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5841144 affective-science.org/pubs/2011/Lindquist_et_al_BBS.pdf Identifying Emotions on the Basis of Neural Activation - https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/sds/docs/loewenstein/EmotionNeuralAct.pdfsciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022103169900067 nature.com/articles/npp2009109 THUNK 130. Bayesian Inference & Predictive Processing - youtube.com/watch?v=pLcIT3kjsW0 THUNK 190. Scientific Realism - youtube.com/watch?v=lTouTijlfhg
200. Retrospective | THUNK THUNK 2020-11-23 | - Links for the Curious-PBS Idea Channel - youtube.com/user/pbsideachannelvlogbrothers - youtube.com/user/vlogbrothersTom Scott - youtube.com/user/enyayCGP Grey - youtube.com/user/CGPGreyBon Appetit Grandma Pizza Dough - bonappetit.com/recipe/grandma-style-pizza-doughSpicy Pizza Sauce - docs.google.com/document/d/1VRaX_NGbVpzqUewYXzahTLjbBwr6u7QyIG-qR7DRXGo/edit?usp=sharingTHUNK 1 - youtube.com/watch?v=FEvLwjYTelgTHUNK 4 - youtube.com/watch?v=KXgujkdX_4gTHUNK 7 - youtube.com/watch?v=F1vTp4XiVBcTHUNK 165 - youtube.com/watch?v=aAs59uFbrZ4THUNK 187 - youtube.com/watch?v=oW5p4jcmiqA&t=9s|Patreon - patreon.com/THUNKShow
199. FMEA - Dodging Disaster | THUNK THUNK 2020-11-06 | If you're currently worrying about everything that could possibly go wrong: welcome to the club! Thankfully, engineers have been fretting about catastrophe for a long time, & have a useful tool to do it productively: FMEA.THUNK Episode 200 Poll: https://forms.gle/FvNkhg4ZTN9ykLwF8- Links for the Curious -MIL-P-1629, the original military standard for the FMEA method - fmea-fmeca.com/milstd1629.pdf A webinar walking thru organizational FMEA - goleansixsigma.com/webinar-effectively-avoid-unintended-consequences-using-fmea
198. Pragmatic Ethics | THUNK THUNK 2020-10-26 | Many struggle with the seemingly inconsistent & slippery nature of morality - do moral facts exist? What are they? How can we verify them? Pragmatists sidestep many of these issues by bailing on the whole "truth" thing and asking instead: what *works?*(Many thanks to Liz, Dev, and The Best Discussion crew!)THUNK Episode 200 Poll: https://forms.gle/FvNkhg4ZTN9ykLwF8- Links for the Curious -Pragmatic Ethics, by Hugh LaFolette - hughlafollette.com/papers/pragmati.htmOn Truth, by Simon Blackbutn - smile.amazon.com/Truth-Simon-Blackburn/dp/0190867213SEP: The Pragmatic Theory of Truth - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-pragmatic/SEP: Pragmatism - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pragmatism/SEP: Metaethics - https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/metaethics/63. Metaethics - Moral Realism & Anti-Realism - youtube.com/watch?v=krOBdYnWKNk159. Theories of Truth, Part 1 - youtube.com/watch?v=lgDAQw3XJzE181. Issues of Utilitarian Ethics - youtube.com/watch?v=QA2JwEhJss8
