Uploaded November 2024 | Updated September 2026, 2 weeks ago
Go to piavpn.com/WelchLabs to get 83% off Private Internet Access with 4 months free!
Book Update at 23:28!
Welch Labs Imaginary Numbers Book!
welchlabs.com/resources/imaginary-numbers-book
Welch Labs Posters: welchlabs.com/resources
Huge thanks to Grant Sanderson for a quick manim crash course - I used manim for some of the more complex animations.
Schrodinger equation numerical simulations used for animations were computed with: github.com/quantum-visualizations/qmsolve
Special thanks to Patrons: Juan Benet, Ross Hanson, Yan Babitski, AJ Englehardt, Alvin Khaled, Eduardo Barraza, Hitoshi Yamauchi, Jaewon Jung, Mrgoodlight, Shinichi Hayashi, Sid Sarasvati, Dominic Beaumont, Shannon Prater, Ubiquity Ventures, Matias Forti, Brian Henry, Tim Palade, Petar Vecutin, Nicolas baumann, Jason Singh, Robert Riley
Orbitals Graphics Credits:
Geek3, commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atomic_orbitals_spdf_m-eigenstates_and_superpositions.png, license: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en
PoorLeno, commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrogen_Density_Plots.png
References
De Broglie, L. (1924). *Recherches sur la théorie des quanta* (Doctoral dissertation, Migration-université en cours d'affectation).
Callender, C. (2023). Quantum mechanics: Keeping it real?. *The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science*, *74*(4), 837-851.
Dyson, F. (2009). Birds and frogs. *Notices of the AMS*, *56*(2), 212-223.
Einstein, A. (2011). Letters on Wave Mechanics: Correspondence with H. A. Lorentz, Max Planck, and Erwin Schrödinger. United States: Philosophical Library/Open Road.
Fleisch, D. A. (2020). A Student's Guide to the Schrödinger Equation. India: Cambridge University Press.
Fleisch, D., Kinnaman, L. (2015). A Student's Guide to Waves. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Gamow, G. (2012). Thirty Years that Shook Physics: The Story of Quantum Theory. United States: Dover Publications.
Jammer, M. (1989). The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics. United Kingdom: Tomash Publishers.
Karam, R. (2020). Schrödinger's original struggles with a complex wave function. *American Journal of Physics*, *88*(6), 433-438.
Moore, W. (2015). Schrödinger: Life and Thought. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Schrödinger: Centenary Celebration of a Polymath. (1987). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Schrödinger, E. (2003). Collected Papers on Wave Mechanics: Together with His Four Lectures on Wave Mechanics. United States: AMS Chelsea Pub..
CFAQJOTYQHT7JYIT
Go to piavpn.com/WelchLabs to get 83% off Private Internet Access with 4 months free!
Book Update at 23:28!
Welch Labs Imaginary Numbers Book!
welchlabs.com/resources/imaginary-numbers-book
Welch Labs Posters: welchlabs.com/resources
Huge thanks to Grant Sanderson for a quick manim crash course - I used manim for some of the more complex animations.
Schrodinger equation numerical simulations used for animations were computed with: github.com/quantum-visualizations/qmsolve
Special thanks to Patrons: Juan Benet, Ross Hanson, Yan Babitski, AJ Englehardt, Alvin Khaled, Eduardo Barraza, Hitoshi Yamauchi, Jaewon Jung, Mrgoodlight, Shinichi Hayashi, Sid Sarasvati, Dominic Beaumont, Shannon Prater, Ubiquity Ventures, Matias Forti, Brian Henry, Tim Palade, Petar Vecutin, Nicolas baumann, Jason Singh, Robert Riley
Orbitals Graphics Credits:
Geek3, commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atomic_orbitals_spdf_m-eigenstates_and_superpositions.png, license: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en
PoorLeno, commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrogen_Density_Plots.png
References
De Broglie, L. (1924). *Recherches sur la théorie des quanta* (Doctoral dissertation, Migration-université en cours d'affectation).
Callender, C. (2023). Quantum mechanics: Keeping it real?. *The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science*, *74*(4), 837-851.
Dyson, F. (2009). Birds and frogs. *Notices of the AMS*, *56*(2), 212-223.
Einstein, A. (2011). Letters on Wave Mechanics: Correspondence with H. A. Lorentz, Max Planck, and Erwin Schrödinger. United States: Philosophical Library/Open Road.
Fleisch, D. A. (2020). A Student's Guide to the Schrödinger Equation. India: Cambridge University Press.
Fleisch, D., Kinnaman, L. (2015). A Student's Guide to Waves. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Gamow, G. (2012). Thirty Years that Shook Physics: The Story of Quantum Theory. United States: Dover Publications.
Jammer, M. (1989). The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics. United Kingdom: Tomash Publishers.
Karam, R. (2020). Schrödinger's original struggles with a complex wave function. *American Journal of Physics*, *88*(6), 433-438.
Moore, W. (2015). Schrödinger: Life and Thought. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Schrödinger: Centenary Celebration of a Polymath. (1987). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Schrödinger, E. (2003). Collected Papers on Wave Mechanics: Together with His Four Lectures on Wave Mechanics. United States: AMS Chelsea Pub..
CFAQJOTYQHT7JYIT
![Yann LeCuns $1B Bet Against LLMs [Part 2]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/v_jDvpEGTIg/mqdefault.jpg "Yann LeCuns $1B Bet Against LLMs [Part 2]
Huge thanks to KiwiCo for sponsoring today’s video! Go to https://www.kiwico.com/welchlabs and use code WELCHLABS for 50% off your first monthly crate or for 20% off your first Panda Crate!
Welch Labs Book: https://www.welchlabs.com/resources/ai-book-ezrzm-msrmc
JEPA Poster: https://www.welchlabs.com/store/subliminal-learning-poster-17x22-xkfa2-7m2hh
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/c/welchlabs
Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYkIdXwW2AE
Sections
0:00 - Intro
2:30 - V-JEPA
8:18 - VL-JEPA
14:05 - But what about VLA?
15:13 - My kids love KiwiCo
17:14 - LeCun’s critique of VLA
22:42 - LeWorldModel
30:41 - Hierarchical JEPA
34:55 - My Take
35:57 - The Future of JEPA
38:57 - JEPA Poster & Patreon Update
Special thanks to: Yann LeCun, Chen Delong, Lucas Maes, Mustafa Shukor, Wancong Zhang, Alison Young, and Theo Moutakanni
Big thank you for Yann’s collaborator Randall Balestriero for discussing JEPA at length with me, Randall’s his recommended reading:
- LeJEPA for more theory on why isotropic Gaussian and details on SIGReg: https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08544
- connection between SSL and spectral embedding (very useful to understand the geometry learned by those models): https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11508
- LeWorldModel (world model version of LeJEPA): https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.19312
- identifiability theory of LeWorldModel (fresh out of the oven): https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.26379
- and perhaps most important of all, the reason why one should use JEPA and not reconstruction based learning: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.11337 and https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.12477
Thanks to Ayzaan Wahid for permission to use clips from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PHXQFE-Rteo
Aloha Controller video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUxFhtGWD7w Under proper reference to “by Zipeng Fu at Stanford University”, permission given.
Pi07: https://www.pi.website/blog/pi07
V-JEPA 2: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.09985
VL-JEPA: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.10942
LeWorldModel: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.19312
Hierarchical World Models: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2604.03208
Image Credits: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Omphalotus_olearius_Mallorca.jpg
Stock videos & Images
Adobe Stock: 256573141, 307085467, 240682884
Technical note about VL-JEPA embeddings. The VL-JEPA team used a SONAR decoder/encoder, which works at the sentence level instead of the token level for the controlled VLM/JEPA comparisons.
PATRONS
Juan Benet, Ross Hanson, Yan Babitski, AJ Englehardt, Alvin Khaled, Eduardo Barraza, Hitoshi Yamauchi, Jaewon Jung, Mrgoodlight, Shinichi Hayashi, Sid Sarasvati, Dominic Beaumont, Shannon Prater, Ubiquity Ventures, Matias Forti, Brian Henry, Tim Palade, Petar Vecutin, Nicolas baumann, Jason Singh, Robert Riley, vornska, Barry Silverman, Jake Ehrlich, Mitch Jacobs, Lauren Steely, Jeff Eastman, Rodolfo Ibarra, Clark Barrus, Rob Napier, Andrew White, Richard B Johnston, abhiteja mandava, Burt Humburg, Kevin Mitchell, Daniel Sanchez, Ferdie Wang, Tripp Hill, Richard Harbaugh Jr, Prasad Raje, Kalle Aaltonen, Midori Switch Hound, Zach Wilson, Chris Seltzer, Ven Popov, Hunter Nelson, Amit Bueno, Scott Olsen, Johan Rimez, Shehryar Saroya, Tyler Christensen, Beckett Madden-Woods, Darrell Thomas, Javier Soto, U007D, Caleb Begly, Rick Rubenstein, Brent Hunsaker, Dan Patterson, Tchsurvives, Alex Adai, Walter Reade, Zyansheep, Walter Reade, Duncan Stannett, Reginald Carey, Jean-Manuel Izaret, dh71633, Adrian Rodriguez, Dimitar Stojanovski, Michael Harder, Peter Maldonado, Emily Pesce, David Johnston, Insang Song, FaeTheWolf, Stephen Taylor, KittenKaboodle, EMatter, PATRICKMCCORMACK, John Beahan, Cameron, Cole Jones, Garrett Thornburg, Jeroen W, Rohit Sharma, GlennB, Emmanuel Cortes, Katie Quinn, Karina C, Cakra WW, Mike Ton, Eric Gometz, MacCallister Higgins, Niko Drossos, David Eraso, Tom Zehle, Steve, Brian Lineburg, rjbl, Michael Loh, Perry Vais, Bengal0, Farhad Manjoo, Sara Chipps, Ellis Driscoll, William Taysom, Will Harmon, CK, Abdullah, Peter Cho, Leo Nikora, Griffin Smith, Ash Katnoria, Alex, Markus Hays Nielsen, Catherine H., Vi, David Dobáš, Peter Wang, Sina Sohangir, Danny Thomas, Julian Francis, Hans Adler, Jiayu Peng, Weston M, Youssouf da Silva, John Thomas, Samuel Costello, Sam Adams, Bryan Liles, Malaya Zemlya, Karl, Vahe Andonians, Mike Doughty, Larry Novelo, Jonas Acres, Ludicrum Rex, Robert Blumofe, Anthony Z, Alex Zhao, Dan Babitch, Nikko Patten, Sam Adams, Rahul Ravu, Marco Salvi, Ralph Dratman, Brendan Ardagh, Mindaugas Kazlauskas
Supporting code: https://github.com/WelchLabs/videos
Created by: Matthew Cohen, Sam Baskin, Pranav Gundu, Varun Reddy, and Stephen Welch
Content ID: CFAQJOTYQHT7JYIT")
![Yann LeCuns $1B Bet Against LLMs [Part 1]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/vmz5TJbTjdg/mqdefault.jpg "Yann LeCuns $1B Bet Against LLMs [Part 1]
Yann LeCuns $1B Bet Against LLMs [Part 1]")
![Learning To See [Part 9: Bias Variance Throwdown]](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/yLwZEuybaqE/mqdefault.jpg "Learning To See [Part 9: Bias Variance Throwdown]
In this series, well explore the complex landscape of machine learning and artificial intelligence through one example from the field of computer vision: using a decision tree to count the number of fingers in an image. Its gonna be crazy.
Supporting Code: https://github.com/stephencwelch/LearningToSee
welchlabs.com
@welchlabs")
