Tony Reed
The Worlds Most Irritating Mutant Responds To Magneto
updated
Just uploading this for friends, family, future travelers, and anyone who's curious.
Thanks to Robi and Sarika Beckei
For the pictures and a great cruise.
Music
"Someone" (Sampling Mozart's "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik")
Tony Reed
humboldtmusic.com/tonyreed
"Canon In D Interstellar Mix" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
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"Wholesome" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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"Farm" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
"Beauty Flow" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
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"Ethernight Club" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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"Newer Wave" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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"Screen Saver" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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Are they really non-functional?
Do they really prove evolution?
REFERENCES
Creationist Arguments
answersingenesis.org/human-body/vestigial-organs/setting-the-record-straight-on-vestigial-organs
creation.com/vestigial-organs-what-do-they-prove
evolutionnews.org/2009/05/the_myth_of_vestigial_organs_a
icr.org/article/do-useless-organs-prove-humans-evolved
Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species
http://darwin-online.org.uk/contents.html
Robert Wiedersheim’s, "The Structure of Man"
openlibrary.org/books/OL7171834M/The_structure_of_man_an_index_to_his_past_history
Mclelland L, Jones NS. Tonsillectomy: Haemorrhaging ideas. J Laryngology Otology. 2005;119:753–758
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16259649
Lee MSW, Montague ML, Hussain SS. Post-tonsillectomy bleeding: Cold versus hot dissection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;131:833–836.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15577776
Selley, Peter (2016). "William Cookesley, William Hunter and the first patient to survive removal of the appendix in 1731 – a case history with 31 years' follow up". Journal of Medical Biography. 24 (2): 180–3.
journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0967772015591717
Simpson, J. Clinical lectures on the diseases of women: Coccydynia and diseases and deformities of the coccyx. Med Times Gazette. 1859; 40: 1-7.
scribd.com/document/366160419/Coccydynia-An-Overview-of-the-Anatomy-Etiology-And-Treatment-of-Coccyx-Pain
Aristotle on Moles
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/oddnotes/aristotlemoles.html
St. Hilaire, Geoffroy (1798). "Observations sur l'aile de l'Autruche, par le citoyen Geoffroy", La Decade Egyptienne, Journal Litteraire et D'Economie Politique 1 (pp. 46–51).
Mallo, M., Wellik, D.M. & Deschamps, J. (2010). Hox genes and regional patterning of the vertebrate body plan. Developmental Biology, 344, 7-15.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20435029
Mammary Glands
web.archive.org/web/20110421033058/http://www.derm101.com/content/13501
Smith HF, Fisher RE, Everett ML, Thomas AD, Bollinger RR, Parker W (October 2009). "Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 22 (10): 1984–99.
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x
McClory, Susan; Hughes, Tiffany; Freud, Aharon G.; Briercheck, Edward L.; Martin, Chelsea; Trimboli, Anthony J.; Yu, Jianhua; Zhang, Xiaoli; Leone, Gustavo; Nuovo, Gerard; Caligiuri, Michael A. (2012). "Evidence for a stepwise program of extrathymic T cell development within the human tonsil". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 122 (4): 1403–1415.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314444
David Comings' Paper on Junk DNA
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4578264
Susumu Ono's paper on Junk DNA
http://www.junkdna.com/ohno.html
Non-coding genes to ORFANs
Levine MT, Jones CD, Kern AD, Lindfors HA, Begun DJ. Novel genes derived from noncoding DNA in Drosophila melanogaster are frequently X-linked and exhibit testis-biased expression, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, vol. 103 (pg. 9935-9939)
2008 Drosophila
pnas.org/content/103/26/9935
Zhou Q, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Xu S, Zhao R, Zhan Z, Li X, Ding Y, Yang S, Wang W. On the origin of new genes in Drosophila, Genome Res, 2008, vol. 18 (pg. 1446-1455)
2008 Yeast
researchgate.net/publication/5305831_On_the_origin_of_new_genes_in_Drosophila
Cai J, Zhao R, Jiang H, Wang W. De novo origination of a new protein-coding gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Genetics, 2008, vol. 179 (pg. 487-496)
genetics.org/content/179/1/487
Leonardo DaVinci on the Appendix
rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/leonardo-da-vinci/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/the-centenarian-anatomical-manuscript-b
Biofilms in the large bowel suggest an apparent function of the human vermiform appendix
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002251930700416X
Why do so many scientists reject it or ignore it when some of the greatest scientists of all time were creationists?
Why do they accept evolution when it doesn't explain as much as creationism?
The first episode of Reed Between The Lines seeks to answer these questions and more.
Disciple Science's channel: youtube.com/channel/UCptRedo--XTWgHyUc0SsAIA
Dapper Dino's Channel: youtube.com/channel/UCCOGbuDrLeDBqIR8vBlE-yA
Music Composed by Steven Kendrick: youtube.com/user/oceanbeachcomedy
Intro Graphics by GonnaGoForIt: youtube.com/gonnagoforit
TRANSCRIPT (Including References): drive.google.com/file/d/1i_CxAIYSo9fTv-vmjN9aJGyS1DItlb0_/view?usp=sharing
REFERENCES (Due to Youtube's maximum word count for this description box, the references are listed in the PDF linked below.):
drive.google.com/file/d/18ufaHmYmG0icjU7XE6t0HMSRQVG2qcny/view?usp=sharing
References:
Creationist Arguments
answersingenesis.org/fossils/fossil-record/high-dry-sea-creatures
icr.org/article/520
creation.com/media-center/youtube/marine-fossils-on-mount-everest
Heerema’s Salt Dome Model
researchgate.net/publication/327838644_Salt_magma_and_sediments_interfingered
Walt Brown’s Salt Dome Model
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook
Alfred Wegener
http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783443010881
Émile Argand, The Tectonics of Asia , 1924
1922 Conference in Brussells
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00575289
Alps/Pyrenees
Tertiary mantle diapirism, orogeny, and plate tectonics east of the Strait of Gibraltar
semanticscholar.org/paper/Tertiary-mantle-diapirism%2C-orogeny%2C-and-plate-east-Loomis/c474155c198ab8ed7c6938d772f754ce18125f80
Gill, W. D., 1952a, The stratigraphy of the Siwalik series in the northern Potwar, Punjab, Pakistan: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 107, p. 375-394. 1952b, The tectonics of the sub-Himalayan fault zone in the north-ern Potwar region and in the Kangra district of the Punjab: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 107, p. 395-421
State of Competition in the Indian Petroleum Refining Industry
https://www.cci.gov.in/sites/default/files/Indicus_20090420152009.pdf
Petroleum Exploration in India - A perspective and Endeavours
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b214/46f5143f6ec5460a9a10459155934d0d0fda.pdf
Subduction zones and their hydrocarbon systems
pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geosphere/article/14/5/2044/546346/Subduction-zones-and-their-hydrocarbon-systems
Hakhoo Naveen, Craig J., Bhat G.M., Hafiz M., Khan M.R., Misra R., Pandita S.K., Raina B.K., Thurow J., Thusu B., Ahmed W., Khullar S.b
"Petroleum systems and hydrocarbon potential of the North-West Himalaya of India and Pakistan", Earth-Science Reviews, Vol 187 (109-185)
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825217306281
Salt as an exotic solid
science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6165/1502
How to find oil
http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/EnergyInstitute/14-16/findoils/findoilch5pg3.html
Uniformitarianism today: plate tectonics is the key to the past
mem.lyellcollection.org/content/16/1/11
Formation of the Himalayas
pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/himalaya.html
Finding oil
drive.google.com/file/d/1mfXKIcm9M-H39gLAajkwJG0suvvhtfkR/view
The full debate here: youtu.be/vnrwTa6ttwY
Finding Truth's channel: youtube.com/channel/UCw0Z4OqnBBR-iqM6A160aXw
References:
MARK ARMITAGE'S EMAIL (Serious researchers only): micromark@juno.com
Creation Ministries International Article
creation.com/mark-h-armitage
Mark Armitage
Armitage Dismissal
issuu.com/thecollegefix/docs/msj_tentative_ruling
Armitage's Paper - 2012
isgenesishistory.com/wp-content/uploads/Armitage_triceratops.pdf
Creationist site claiming he had won in court.
christiantimes.com/article/court-awards-financial-settlement-to-creationist-who-was-fired-for-challenging-evolution/64261.htm
2005 - Mary Schweitzer's Original Paper
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/307/5717/1952
Materials and Methods
science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2005/03/24/307.5717.1952.DC1/Schweiter.SOM.pdf
Dinosaur Peptides Suggest Mechanisms of Protein Survival
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0020381
Soft tissue and cellular preservation in vertebrate skeletal elements from the Cretaceous to the present:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1685849
Amber Inclusions
http://scribol.com/science/15-incredible-images-of-prehistoric-creatures-trapped-in-amber
Recent Amber inclusion soft tissue
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3831950
Mary Schweitzer's paper on Iron preservation
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/281/1775/20132741
Hiring Armitage
https://sundial.csun.edu/81164/news/a-former-csun-scientist-is-claiming-he-was-fired-for-his-christian-beliefs/
Baisch’s Dinosaur Digs
http://www.dailydinosaurdigs.com
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.737.275&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Otis Kline - Billings Gazette
billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/faith-in-fossils-glendive-man-plans-dinosaur-museum-to-teach-creation-truth/article_c9f7dd7c-23a1-5a2e-8546-28685f731e4e.html
First Triceratops Horn discovered
http://marsh.dinodb.com/marsh/Marsh%201887%20-%20Notice%20of%20new%20fossil%20mammals.pdf
Corrected paper
ajsonline.org/content/s3-38/224/173.short
Cherkinski’s Carbon dates
newgeology.us/UGAMS-11752,a.pdf
Fossil Bison Horn for auction
christies.com/en/lot/lot-5707096
Thomas Kaye paper refuting Schweitzer
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2483347
Armitage publishing in 2020
cambridge.org/core/journals/microscopy-today/article/uv-autofluorescence-microscopy-of-dinosaur-bone-reveals-encapsulation-of-blood-clots-within-vessel-canals/8762E671960898DAC303973A5A2A93F6
Armitage discussing details of a bison horn
youtu.be/eWomcYyw230?t=1084
References:
Dr. Robert Marks
evolutionnews.org/2007/10/banned_item_of_the_year_dr_rob
Baylor University Paper
https://www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php?id=55567
On Casey Luskin’s Podcast
idthefuture.com/151
His curriculum still includes all of the ID work.
https://www.ecs.baylor.edu/doc.php/337932.pdf
Dr. Guillermo Gonzalez
evolutionnews.org/2013/07/setting_the_rec
counterbalance.org/expelled/guill-frame.html
Gonzalez’s Article in Scientific American
scientificamerican.com/article/refuges-for-life-in-a-hostile-unive
Discovery Institute’s first Blog
discovery.org/a/4051
Discovery Institute Mentions Petition
evolutionnews.org/2007/05/iowa_state_avoids_key_question
Gonzalez’s Response
evolutionnews.org/2013/07/statement_from_
Avalos’s Response
scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/12/13/never-trust-a-creationist-elli
Gonzalez’s Book
books.google.com/books?id=cc9L8QWcZWsC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
More Details:
counterbalance.org/expelled/guill-frame.html
Article Mentioning New Planets and Guillermo Gonzalez
archive.org/stream/TheJerusalemPost1999IsraelEnglish/Jan%2010%201999%2C%20The%20Jerusalem%20Post%2C%20%2320127%2C%20Israel%20%28en%29_djvu.txt
Average Salary at ISU
glassdoor.com/Salary/Iowa-State-University-Assistant-Professor-Salaries-E23963_D_KO22,41.htm
University of Alabama at Huntsville
https://www.uah.edu/cao/faculty-staff/guillermo-gonzalez
Dr. Michael Egnor
discovery.org/p/egnor
Egnor’s Article
evolutionnews.org/2007/03/why_would_i_want_my_doctor_to
His page at Stony Brook University
https://www.stonybrook.edu/experts/profile/michael-egnor
Links:
Gutsick Gibbon
youtube.com/channel/UCJNcAH2yzV3VAMYIGxCZ8_w
CreationiMyths
youtube.com/channel/UCZmhEtG-QIrmyWoW0M6TIgQ
Random Evo Times
youtube.com/channel/UCsWZ3vUiV_4Mn8cT9EcCupQ
REFERENCES
Protocell Circus
---Please Let Him Know I Sent You---
youtu.be/dFagK5Lshlg
Merriam Webster Definition for life
merriam-webster.com/dictionary/life
NASA Definition
astrobiology.nasa.gov/research/life-detection/about/#:~:text=The%20NASA%20definition%20of%20life,Organic%20Life%20in%20Planetary%20Systems.
100 Definitions for “Life”
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20170101-there-are-over-100-definitions-for-life-and-all-are-wrong
Sidney Fox and Proteinoids
science.sciencemag.org/content/128/3333/1214
Sidney Fox Copolomerization of Amino Acids
pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ja01499a069?src=recsys
First manmade protein in history
books.google.com/books?id=lkEEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA47&vq=insulin&pg=PA47#v=onepage&q=insulin&f=false
1996 RNA Chains on mineral surfaces
nature.com/nature/journal/v381/n6577/abs/381059a0.html
2006 Long chains of RNA catalyzed by clay
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1664692
History of stimulus in abiogenesis
pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/JM/2010/B922718K#!divAbstract
Bahadur, Krishna (12 June 1954). "Photosynthesis of Amino-Acids from Paraformaldehylde and Potassium Nitrate". Nature. 173 (4415): 1141.
Bahadur, K; et al. (1963). "Synthesis of Jeewanu, the units capable of growth, multiplication and metabolic activity". Vijnana Parishad Anusandhan Patrika. 9: 117–127
Bahadur, K (1974). "Photochemical formation of self-sustaining coacervates" (PDF). Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad. 39 (4): 455–467. PMID 124255
2003 Experimental Models of Primitive Cellular Compartments: Encapsulation, Growth, and Division
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4484575
2007 Martin Hanczyc - Fatty Acid Chemistry at the Oil-Water Interface: Self-Propelled Oil Droplets
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0706955
2008 Enzyme-responsive hydrogel particles for the controlled release of proteins: designing peptide actuators to match payload
pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2008/sm/b714750c#!divAbstract
2008 Biochemically Controlled Bioelectrocatalytic Interface
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja8043882
2010 Martin Hanczyc - Emergence of Self-Movement as a Precursor to Darwinian Evolutio
researchgate.net/publication/292954573_Emergence_of_self-movement_as_a_precursor_to_darwinian_evolution
2011 Synthetic protein supporting life
sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/01/110106145311.htm
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0015364
2017 Synthetic protein encapsulating its own DNA
https://newsroom.uw.edu/news/synthetic-protein-packages-its-own-genetic-material-and-evolves
2018 Compartmentalised RNA catalysis in membrane-free coacervate protocells
nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06072-w
REFERENCES:
PROTEINS
Sidney Fox and Proteinoids
science.sciencemag.org/content/128/3333/1214
Sidney Fox Copolomerization of Amino Acids
pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ja01499a069?src=recsys
First manmade protein in history
books.google.com/books?id=lkEEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA47&vq=insulin&pg=PA47#v=onepage&q=insulin&f=false
Panayotis Katsoyannis at the University of Pittsburgh
link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-4612-5_35
Helmut Zahnat RWTH Aachen University in Germany
chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jlac.19666910132
Synthetic Proteins more Useful than natural ones
sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/02/070207090959.htm1960 Formation of protein-like polymers
pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ja01499a069?src=recsys
Sidney Fox Library
researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/2034774-Sidney-W-Fox/publications/2
2011 Synthetic protein supporting life
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0015364
LIPIDS
Total synthesis of escherichia coli lipid A
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040403900985484
Synthetic and natural escherichia coli free lipid A express identical exotoxic activities. febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08798.x
Toyoki Kunitake Yoshio Okahata - "A totally synthetic bilayer membrane"
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00453a066
Alec Bangham - Lipids organize into bilayers spontaneously through dehydration and rehydration
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022283664801157
Paul Mueller & Donald O. Rudin - In Vitro artificial lipid layer that had fluidity, high electrical resistance and self-healing.
nature.com/articles/194979a0
Artificial Lipid Cell Mimic
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5528198
Synthetic Lipid Membranes - Past, Present, and Future
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618123
CARBOHYDRATES
Solid Phase Synthesis of Peptides
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00897a025
1971 - Conrad Schuerch and Jean M. Frechet - Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00731a031
Synthetic Carbohydrates
pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/cr9903104
Automated Synthesis of Complex Carbohydrates
science.sciencemag.org/content/291/5508/1523/tab-figures-data
Applications for synthetic carbohydrates
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1367593110000219#:~:text=Access%20to%20synthetic%20carbohydrates%20is,as%20automated%20solid%2Dphase%20synthesis
NUCLEIC ACIDS
1951 Johnathan Desmond Bernal - The Origin Of Life
nature.com/articles/169297a0
1981 Mizio Matteucci and Marvin Caruthers - "Synthesis of deoxyoligonucleotides on a polymer support”
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00401a041
1996 RNA Chains on mineral surfaces
nature.com/nature/journal/v381/n6577/abs/381059a0.html
2003 Experimental models of primitive cellular compartments: encapsulation, growth, and division
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576428
2006 Long chains of RNA catalyzed by clay
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1664692
2010 Craig Venter "Creation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a Chemically Synthesized Genome"
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20488990
2011 The role of montmorillonite in its catalysis of RNA synthesis
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169131711002201
2012 Synthetic lipids from synthetic genome.
science.sciencemag.org/content/338/6109/932
2017 Synthetic proteins from a synthetic genome.
nature.com/articles/nature24659
2017 Synthetic protein encapsulating its own DNA
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29236688
2019 Synthetic life with six nucleotides
nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1192-5
RIBOSOME
1955 - First Ribosome Observed by George Palade “A SMALL PARTICULATE COMPONENT OF THE CYTOPLASM”
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2223592
1967 Alexander Rich - “Partial resistance of nascent polypeptide chains to proteolytic digestion due to
ribosomal shielding”
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022283667903014
1971 - Alexander Rich “Ribosome-Catalyzed Polyester Formation”
science.sciencemag.org/content/173/3994/340
1977 - Carl Woese and George E. Fox
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC432104
2013 - David A. Leigh et al "Sequence-specific peptide synthesis by an artificial small-molecule machine"
science.sciencemag.org/content/339/6116/189
2014 Loren Williams - “Evolution of the ribosome at atomic resolution”
pnas.org/content/111/28/10251
2015 - Cedric Orelle et al "Protein synthesis by ribosomes with tethered subunits"
zenodo.org/record/894862/files/article.pdf
REFERENCES
Specified Complexity
dennisdjones.wordpress.com/2013/01/02/complex-specified-information-csi-an-explanation-of-specified-complexity
The Design Revolution - Review
researchgate.net/publication/236146372_William_Dembski_The_Design_Revolution
Specification: The Pattern That Signifies Intelligence
billdembski.com/documents/2005.06.Specification.pdf
Rebuttal by Elsberry and Shalit
Information theory, evolutionary computation, and Dembski’s “complex specified information”
link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-009-9542-8
Rebuttal by Thomas D. Schneider
Dissecting Dembski's "Complex Specified Information"
http://users.fred.net/tds/lab/papers/ev/dembski/specified.complexity.html
Graham Oppy - Review of Creation Hypothesis
infidels.org/library/modern/graham_oppy/review-m.html#5
Dembski on his critics - If Only Darwinists Scrutinized Their Own Work
as Closely: A Response to "Erik"
billdembski.com/documents/2002.08.Erik_Response.htm
Law of Conservation of Information
http://www.arn.org/docs/dembski/wd_idtheory.htm
2000 Thomas Schneider - Evolution of Biological Information
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC102656
Kolmogorov complexity
rationalwiki.org/wiki/Information_theory#Kolmogorov_complexity
Pseudorandomness and Cryptographic Applications
researchgate.net/publication/220691534_Pseudorandomness_and_Cryptographic_Applications
Evolutionary algorithms now surpass human designers
newscientist.com/article/mg19526146-000-evolutionary-algorithms-now-surpass-human-designers
Evolutionary algorithms could replace conventional design methods
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0262407907619009
Kolmogorov - On Tables of Random Numbers
core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81156038.pdf
1981 Barry Hall - Evolution of a regulated operon in the laboratory - Evolution of new sugar-ingesting enzymes
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1201865/pdf/335.pdf
Kolmogorov complexity
rationalwiki.org/wiki/Information_theory#Kolmogorov_complexity
Pseudorandomness and Cryptographic Applications
researchgate.net/publication/220691534_Pseudorandomness_and_Cryptographic_Applications
Evolutionary algorithms now surpass human designers
newscientist.com/article/mg19526146-000-evolutionary-algorithms-now-surpass-human-designers
Evolutionary algorithms could replace conventional design methods
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0262407907619009
Kolmogorov - On Tables of Random Numbers
core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81156038.pdf
Evolution of a regulated operon in the laboratory - Evolution of new sugar-ingesting enzymes
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1201865/pdf/335.pdf
Plausible Methods
https://ncse.ngo/evolution-biological-complexity
REFERENCES:
Creationist Arguments:
https://glc.ccf.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/Workbooks/apologetics/creationvsevolution/GLC_Handout_180416_Apologetics-Creation-vs-Evolution-REF.pdf
Creationist Argument - origin of intelligence and mental disease
answersingenesis.org/fossils/pinpointed-origin-of-intelligence
Original Paper on the topic: nature.com/articles/nn.3276
Pop-Sci Version: sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121202164325.htm
The Bell Curve
amazon.com/dp/B00BORWH4U/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1
"Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables"
http://burnsdigitalimaging.com/baggages-difference-machine-lecture-14-june-1822
“Sketch of the Analytal Engiicne”
sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4788/lady-ada-augusta-lovelace-luigi-menabrea/sketch-of-the-analytical-engine-invented-by-charles-babbage-esq-by-l-f-menabrea-of-turin-officer-of
Herman Hollerith
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/hollerith.html
“The Laws of Thought”
researchgate.net/publication/335513248_LAWS_OF_THOUGHT
"On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem"
https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/Turing_Paper_1936.pdf
“Systems of Logic Based on Ordinals”
londmathsoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1112/plms/s2-45.1.161
"Computing Machinery and Intelligence"
academic.oup.com/mind/article/LIX/236/433/986238
Eliza
http://psych.fullerton.edu/mbirnbaum/psych101/Eliza.htm
Parry
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0004370272900495
CyberLover
govtech.com/security/Warning-to-Social-Network-Users-Beware.html
Pragmatics in Human-Computer Conversations
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378216602800017
A prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11743207
Worm Brain Mapped
wormatlas.org/MoW_built0.92/MoW.html
Worm Brain Uploaded Into A Robot
2014: researchgate.net/publication/263039837_Extending_the_C_Elegans_Connectome_to_Robotics_-_SOLID_2014_conference
2018: sciencealert.com/scientists-put-worm-brain-in-lego-robot-openworm-connectome
REFERENCES:
Creationist Arguments
icr.org/article/why-cant-geneticists-see-obvious-evidence-for-crea
creation.com/dna-marvellous-messages-or-mostly-mess
creation.com/dna-remarkable-language
biblicalscienceinstitute.com/origins/creation-101-genetics
creation.com/haldanes-dilemma-has-not-been-solved
creation.com/laws-of-information-1?fbclid=IwAR3bT9bB7mRKyb_1ikR-a76GRDshzx-LwqUsfwl8pIxZi87-ZRGDcddkrM0
reasonandscience.catsboard.com/t2220-shannons-theory-of-information#:~:text=Norbert%20Wiener%2C%20a%20leading%20pioneer,live%20to%20see%20another%20day.%E2%80%9D&text=%E2%80%9CThe%20technical%20definition%20of%20'information,engineer%20Claude%20Shannon%20in%201948
answersingenesis.org/genetics/information-theory/information-is-a-fundamental-entity
creation.com/laws-of-information-1
uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/dawkins-dna-is-encoded-digital-information-in-the-strong-sense
The digital code of DNA
nature.com/articles/nature01410
The REAL Laws of Information (From 1999 European Conference on Information Systems)
researchgate.net/profile/Faris_Alshubiri/post/How_to_determine_information_asset_value/attachment/59d6278679197b8077985d05/AS%3A326144877449217%401454770408208/download/1000.pdf
Microsoft Laws of Information
startups.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/seven-laws-of-information-and-its-contextual-reference-to-iot
Laws of Information Theory
accelerationwatch.com/laws.html
Laws of Information Which Govern Systems
ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5408775
Entropy and the Laws of Information
https://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-abstract/48/8/475/13841/Entropy-and-the-Laws-of-Information?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Quantum Information
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_information
Claude Shannon’s Papers:
Communication theory of Secrecy Systems
http://netlab.cs.ucla.edu/wiki/files/shannon1949.pdf
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
http://people.math.harvard.edu/~ctm/home/text/others/shannon/entropy/entropy.pdf
REFERENCES:
Thomas G Barnes 1971 paper
creationresearch.org/crsq-1971-volume-8-number-1_decay-of-the-earth-s-magnetic-moment
Humphrey's 1984 paper
annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.aa.01.090163.000353?journalCode=astro
creationresearch.org/creation-planetary-magnetic-fields
Humphrey's 1990 paper
Uranus & Neptune
icr.org/article/beyond-neptune-voyager-ii-supports-creation
Humphrey's 2002 paper
The Earth's Magnetic Field Is Still Losing Energy, - Russell Humphreys, Creation Research Society Quarterly 39, no. 1 (2002): 1-11.
Humphrey's 2008 paper
creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j22_3/j22_3_8-9.pdf
NASA's explanation
image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/venus/q1057.html
HUMPHREYS INTERVIEW
rae.org/essay-links/raerhtrn
Thomas Barnes' Paper
creationresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/crsq-1971-volume-8-number-1.pdf
The Sun
annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.aa.01.090163.000353?journalCode=astro
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab08e9/meta
phys.org/news/2019-03-sun-magnetic-field-ten-stronger.html
Mercury
podcast.sjrdesign.net/shownotes_112.php
blog.drwile.com/more-on-mercurys-magnetic-field
https://podbay.fm/podcast/456831543/e/1402488000
http://img2291.imagevenue.com/img.php?image=903423899__the_one_percenters__000_122_45lo.JPG
science.sciencemag.org/content/321/5885/82.abstract
EARTH
http://www.gemsys.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/10_Years_of_Overhauser_for_Archaeology.pdf
Nasa's measurements: image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/tour/AAmag.html
Measurement of low magnetism 1,000 years ago in Africa: nature.com/articles/ncomms8865
Neolithic measurements: https://www.academia.edu/23085907/Archaeology_and_Geomagnetism_Investigating_the_Earths_Magnetic_Field_in_Italy_during_the_Neolithic_Period._New_Data_from_the_Portonovo_Archaeological_Site_Marche_Italy_
3,000 yo measurements from Judea (2.5 X present)
Raw measurements by Keith McDonald and Robert Gunst: catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008337846
The Moon
Hood, L.L. "The enigma of lunar magnetism," EOS, 62 (21 April 1981), 161-163.
agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/EO062i016p00161
nature.com/articles/479183a
nature.com/articles/nature10564
nature.com/articles/nature10565
Mars
Hargraves, R. et al. 1976. Viking Magnetic Properties Investigation: Further Results. Science: 194. 1303–1309.
Arvidson, R, A. Binder, and K. Jones. The Surface of Mars. Scientific American
Jupiter
Smoluchowski, R. "The interiors of the giant planets-1983," The Moon and Planets, 28 (1983), 137-154.
Saturn
Smoluchowski, R. "The interiors of the giant planets-1983," The Moon and Planets, 28 (1983), 137-154.
URANUS and NEPTUNE
Dessler, A.J. "The Neptune challenge," Geophysical Research Letters, 14 (September 1987), 889.
agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/GL014i009p00889
Nature 1986
nature.com/articles/319174a0
References:
"Starlight and Time" by Russell Humphreys
goodreads.com/book/show/894568.Starlight_and_Time
Creationist Arguments
creation.com/starlight-and-time-a-further-breakthrough
icr.org/article/wars-starlight-time-withstands-attacks
answersingenesis.org/astronomy/starlight/starlight-and-time-in-your-classroom
Creationist Refutations of Humphreys
http://web.archive.org/web/20070221100336/http://www.reasons.org/resources/apologetics/unraveling.shtml
web.archive.org/web/20120731110010/http://www.raherrmann.com/hump.htm
http://www.creationstudies.org/articles/science/astronomy/189-starlight-and-time
Time Dilation as explained by Einstein
http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5001
Further study on Time-Dilation
http://www.cathodixx.com/pdfs/RELATIVITY.pdf
Henrietta Swan Leavitt's discovery of Cepheid Varriables
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1908AnHar..60...87L
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1912HarCi.173....1L&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf
Red shift and Blue shift
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1901ApJ....13...15B
Hubble's Law
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1926ApJ....64..321H
pnas.org/content/pnas/15/3/168.full.pdf
Galactic Map
dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2341750/The-beautiful-3D-map-space-plots-nearest-galaxies--reminds-tiny-Earth-is.html
White hole cosmology IS the Big Bang
http://web.archive.org/web/20121107195343/http://trueorigin.org/rh_connpage1.pdf
References:
Creationist Argument
creation.com/human-evolution-stories
Neanderthal Significance
biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29371003#page/961/mode/1up
Thomas Huxley discussing Frisians (Pages 326 - 327)
https://books.google.com.py/books?id=6Ss0AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false
Genetic evidence of Neanderthal-Cro Mag interbreeding
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5100745
Denisovan mtDNA
https://www.eva.mpg.de/fileadmin/content_files/staff/paabo/pdf/Krause_Complete_Nature_2010.pdf
Floresiensis
researchgate.net/publication/8205000_A_New_Small-Bodied_Hominin_from_the_Late_Pleistocene_of_Flores_Indonesia
and
researchgate.net/publication/7537481_Further_Evidence_for_Small-Bodied_Hominins_from_the_Late_Pleistocene_of_Flores_Indonesia
Overview of human origins
researchgate.net/publication/7537481_Further_Evidence_for_Small-Bodied_Hominins_from_the_Late_Pleistocene_of_Flores_Indonesia
References
Creationist Argument
creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j24_1/j24_1_39-42.pdf
Tetrapod Trackways
http://www.academia.edu/407901/Tetrapod_Trackways_From_the_Early_Middle_Devonian_Period_of_Poland
Devonian Forests
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fa14/08ff47409dde8126e5ba9e92cadbef57c9d9.pdf
Livoniana
eurekamag.com/pdf/010/010071903.pdf
Creo Version
creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j24_1/j24_1_39-42.pdf
Lungfish shuffle
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037403
UPDATE
Characteristic tetrapod musculoskeletal limb phenotype emerged more than 400 MYA in basal lobe-finned fishes
researchgate.net/publication/310804769_Characteristic_tetrapod_musculoskeletal_limb_phenotype_emerged_more_than_400_MYA_in_basal_lobe-finned_fishes
New tetrapod discovered exactly where this video predicted it.
nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2100-8
How can evolution explain it?
References:
Creationist arguments
creation.com/woodpecker-head-banging-wonder
icr.org/article/woodpecker-inspires-designers-knocks
http://www.creationism.org/heinze/Woodpecker.htm
Haldane
https://irl.cs.ucla.edu/papers/right-size.html
Woodpecker brain damage
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0191526
Evolutionary morphology of the woodpeckers
https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/DENISIA_0036_0037-0054.pdf
Structural analysis of the tongue and hyoid apparatus in a woodpecker
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5063634
AN ADAPTIVE MODIFICATION IN THE RIBS OF
WOODPECKERS AND PICULETS
https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v097n03/p0521-p0532.pdf
Functional and evolutionary morphology of woodpecker
researchgate.net/publication/254292702_Functional_and_evolutionary_morphology_of_woodpecker
ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE FOR PHYLOGENETIC
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WOODPECKERS
https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v089n01/p0065-p0085.pdf
Convergent evolution of a mobile bony tongue in flighted dinosaurs and pterosaurs
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198078
A Well-Preserved Archaeopteryx
Specimen with Theropod Features
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/583b/088cfa8010c5b29079f684fe321e13ca3a40.pdf
REFERENCES:
Creationist Arguments
creation.com/refuting-evolution-2-chapter-11-argument-evolution-of-sex
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/LifeSciences42.html
http://apologeticspress.org/apcontent.aspx?category=9&article=162
Reproducing and Evolving RNA Chains
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4239201
Yeasts
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0061%28199812%2914%3A16%3C1529%3A%3AAID-YEA357%3E3.0.CO%3B2-0
Volvox
researchgate.net/publication/260484584_New_missing_link_genus_of_the_colonial_volvocine_green_algae_gives_insights_into_the_evolution_of_oogamy
Kauffman
amazon.com/Origins-Order-Self-Organization-Selection-Evolution-ebook/dp/B004HYFQBS
phages
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000096
New Zealand Mud Snails
app.dimensions.ai/details/grant/grant.3355565
Mutation Load and Rapid Adaptation Favour Outcrossing over Self-Fertilization.
https://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~pphil/pubs/morran2009.pdf
Chlorella vulgaris
aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.4319/lo.1983.28.3.0546/pdf
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006527528063
References:
AIG's Definition of Kind
answersingenesis.org/creation-science/baraminology
answersingenesis.org/creation-science/baraminology/what-are-kinds-in-genesis
ICR's Definition of Kind
icr.org/variation
Linnaean Taxonomy (Systema naturae)
biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/542#/summary
Baramin Defined
http://documents.clubexpress.com/documents.ashx?key=YErB7ZuitilFliTOkUo6AbzoLiq3UbJl%2fSj%2fA99NBg4%3d
Todd Wood and Kurt Wise''s classification of the Human Holobaramin
answersingenesis.org/creation-science/baraminology/homo-habilis-homo-rudolfensis-and-australopithecus-sediba
David Menton and David DeWitt's refutations
http://documents.clubexpress.com/documents.ashx?key=YErB7ZuitilFliTOkUo6AbzoLiq3UbJl%2fSj%2fA99NBg4%3d
Phil Sentor's classifications of dinosaurs
1 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02039.x/full
2 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02349.x/full
Todd Wood's refutation
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02208.x/abstract
NCSE's Refutation
http://ncse.com/rncse/26/4/baraminology
References:
Creationist Arguments
icr.org/article/changing-defintion-term-species
answersingenesis.org/creation-science/baraminology/what-are-kinds-in-genesis
creation.com/variation-information-and-the-created-kind
Aristotle's Species
researchgate.net/publication/321685430_Aristotle's_scientific_contributions_to_the_classification_nomenclature_and_distribution_of_marine_organisms
Linnaean Taxonomy (Systema naturae)
biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/542#/summary
Felis
archive.org/stream/catalogueofgenus00brit#page/n6/mode/1up
Felidae
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/5011//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N3047.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Feliformia & Carnivora
semanticscholar.org/paper/Pattern-and-timing-of-diversification-of-the-order-Eizirik-Murphy/223ec227511ec58b7ed5adf71e7b48e606a507ed
Mammalia
http://www.geo.utexas.edu/faculty/rowe/Publications/pdf/010%20Rowe%201988.pdf
Amniota
researchgate.net/publication/303252232_Amniotes_the_Origin_of
Tetrapoda
http://max2.ese.u-psud.fr/epc/conservation/Publi/abstracta/AE_TREE2000.pdf
chordata
researchgate.net/publication/7486919_Evolution_and_Development_of_the_Chordates_Collagen_and_Pharyngeal_Cartilage
animalia
books.google.com/books?id=B_OOazzGefEC&pg=PA767#v=onepage&q&f=false
eukaria
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16248873
Morphological species
researchgate.net/publication/31253277_A_Radical_Solution_to_the_Species_Problem
Recognition species
https://www.academia.edu/23574109/The_Biosemiotic_Concept_of_the_Species
Barcode species
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1890991
Ecological species
http://www.mobot.org/plantscience/resbot/EvSy/PDF/Brothers_inVrba_SpeciesConcepts1985.pdf
Genetic species
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1644/06-MAMM-F-038R2.1
Chronospecies
mun.ca/biology/scarr/Evolutionary_vs_Chronospecies.html
Viral quasispecies
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/56230/
If you're reading this, it's because you're actually reading my references. Bravo!
If you liked this video, please put the word, "indubitably" in a comment to let me know you've checked my homework.
If you hated this video, please put the word, "inconceivable" in a comment to let me know you've checked my homework.
References:
Creationist Arguments
creation.com/the-lawgiver-is-the-biblical-creator-god
answersingenesis.org/is-god-real/god-natural-law
icr.org/article/laws-nature-natures-lawgiver
Physical laws defined
sfu.ca/~swartz/physical-law/chap01.pdf
Galileo Experiments
juliantrubin.com/bigten/galileofallingbodies.html
Principia Mathematica
https://stanford.library.sydney.edu.au/archives/win1997/entries/principia-mathematica/
"The Grand Design" - Stephen Hawking
http://www.hawking.org.uk/the-grand-design.html
Snell's law
books.google.com/books?id=cPFevyomPUIC&pg=PA135&lpg=PA135&dq=Descartes-had-seen-Snel%27s+intitle:Lenses+intitle:and+intitle:Waves+intitle:Christiaan#v=onepage&q&f=false
Catriona Reynolds overturns Darcy's law
http://www.pnas.org/content/114/31/8187
higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/SPE/a77592d6-ec9a-43b1-b57b-c7275fb91cb0/UploadedImages/SPE%20Past%20Event%20Presentation%20Downloads/Events_2018/SPE_CAR_30Jan2018_clean_low_res2.pdf
jstor.org/stable/233423?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents]
http://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/114/31/8187.full.pdf
This video is derivative of my collaboration with Deconverted Man. You can watch that video here: youtu.be/hK9ZV_LqckU
References:
Creationist Arguments
creation.com/exploding-the-big-bang
timesofisrael.com/with-new-big-bang-evidence-creation-is-a-fact
creationtoday.org/the-big-bang-theory
icr.org/article/big-bang-theory-collapses
icr.org/article/thats-fact-big-bang
icr.org/article/ever-changing-big-bang-story
answersingenesis.org/big-bang
answersingenesis.org/big-bang/the-big-bang
"Spiral Nebulae"
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1913LowOB...2...56S
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1918PAAS....3...98S
Parallax
en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/parallax
Henrietta Swan Leavitt
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1908AnHar..60...87L
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1912HarCi.173....1L&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf
Edwin Hubble
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1926ApJ....64..321H
http://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/15/3/168.full.pdf
Doppler Effect
books.google.com/books?id=BwistUlpZ7cC&pg=PA424#v=onepage&q&f=false
Red Shift / Blue Shift
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1901ApJ....13...15B
Alexander Friedmann
link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FA%3A1026755309811
Georges Lemaitre
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1927ASSB...47...49L&defaultprint=YES&filetype=.pdf
Fred Hoyle Naming the Big Bang
joh.cam.ac.uk/library/special_collections/hoyle/exhibition/radio
George Gamow - Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
http://web.ihep.su/dbserv/compas/src/gamow46/eng.pdf
CMB Confirmed
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1965ApJ...142..419P
Planck Length
http://www.cbpf.br/~cirto/MecEstNaoExten_HTML/AULAS/Aula_12/Bekenstein_(Black_Holes_And_Entropy)_%5BPRD_1973%5D.pdf
Expansion of the Universe
cambridge.org/core/journals/publications-of-the-astronomical-society-of-australia/article/expanding-confusion-common-misconceptions-of-cosmological-horizons-and-the-superluminal-expansion-of-the-universe/EFEEEFD8D71E59F86DDA82FDF576EFD3
Inflationary Model
http://cds.cern.ch/record/614542/files/0304257.pdf
Gravitational Waves?
http://bicepkeck.org/bicep2_2014_release.html
Nope. Cosmic Dust
aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2016/02/aa25034-14/aa25034-14.html
Oh yeah. Gravitational Waves.
arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1606/1606.04855.pdf
nature.com/news/european-detector-spots-its-first-gravitational-wave-1.22690?WT.mc_id=TWT_NatureNews&sf117118315=1
ligo.org/detections/GW170817/paper/GW170817-PRLpublished.pdf
References:
Creationist Arguments - Rodhocetus
creation.com/rodhocetus
trueorigin.org/ng_whales01.php
Creationist Arguments - Lucy
answersingenesis.org/human-evolution/lucy/bringing-lucy-to-life
HG Wells
nature.com/articles/050300a0
SciELO
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S2176-45732016000200164&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
Timothy Ferris re: Carl Sagan
chronicle.com/article/The-RisksRewards-of/77314
M W Thistle - Science
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/127/3304/951
PLOS Regarding TED
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0062403
GSP-UM 3485 rodhocetus with the actual arms and legs
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/293/5538/2239/tab-figures-data
Gingerich Reconstructions
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~gingeric/PDGwhales/Whales.htm
References:
Creationist Arguments
trueorigin.org/skull1470.php
answersingenesis.org/creation-science/baraminology/homo-habilis-homo-rudolfensis-and-australopithecus-sediba
creation.com/skull-wars
Pithecanthropus
researchgate.net/profile/Milford_Wolpoff/publication/285136980_The_case_for_sinking_Homo_erectus_100_years_of_Pithecanthropus_is_enough/links/5954ee430f7e9b2da1b3bc33/The-case-for-sinking-Homo-erectus-100-years-of-Pithecanthropus-is-enough.pdf
Frank Fitch and Jack Miller's Paper
https://dokumen.tips/documents/new-hominid-remains-and-early-artefacts-from-northern-kenya-preliminary-geological.html
Vincent Maglio's Paper
https://vdocuments.site/vertebrate-faunas-and-chronology-of-hominid-bearing-sediments-east-of-lake.html
Basil Cooke's Paper
core.ac.uk/download/pdf/39674842.pdf
Garniss Curtis
http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/6/1/463
Ian McDougall
nature.com/articles/284230a0
Andrew Gleadow
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0040195192902728
Leakey's 1973 paper
nature.com/articles/242447a0
Bromage Reconstruction
researchgate.net/publication/23674644_Craniofacial_Architectural_Constraints_and_their_Importance_for_Reconstructing_the_Early_Homo_Skull_KNM-ER_1470
Leakey 2017 paper
slideshare.net/APODman2k/new-fossils-from-koobi-fora-in-northern-kenya-confirm-taxonomic-diversity-in-early-homo
References:
Creationist Arguments
http://www.icr.org/article/junk-dna-myth-continues-its-demise
creation.com/junk-dna-evolutionary-discards-or-gods-tools
answersingenesis.org/genetics/junk-dna
Roger and Colette Vendrely's paper
researchgate.net/publication/225457409_La_teneur_du_noyau_cellulaire_en_acide_desoxyribonucleique_a_travers_les_organes_les_individus_et_les_especes_animales
C-Value Paradox
annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ge.05.120171.001321?journalCode=genet
Number of Coding Genes
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4204768
Selfish DNA
profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/SCBCDG.pdf
DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors
http://www.pnas.org/content/74/12/5463
Human Genome Project
genome.gov/11006943/human-genome-project-completion-frequently-asked-questions
David Comings' Paper
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4578264
Susumu Ono's paper
http://www.junkdna.com/ohno.html
Robert Sinsheimer's letter
https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/556937/100%20Sinsheimer%20R%201984%20Letter.pdf
And Workshop
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0888754389901420?via%3Dihub
Mihaela Pertea & Steven Salzberg 2010
genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2010-11-5-206
National Institutes of Health Findings
genome.gov/12513430
Robert Dulbecco - A turning point in cancer research: Sequencing the human genome
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/231/4742/1055
Human Genome Project Results
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
researchgate.net/publication/222090512_Finishing_the_euchromatic_sequence_of_the_human_genomeNature2004431931945
Craig Venter - The sequence of the human genome
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/291/5507/1304.full.pdf
Megabase Deletions of Gene Deserts Result in Viable
Mice
researchgate.net/profile/Yiwen_Zhu2/publication/8220004_Megabase_deletions_of_gene_deserts_result_in_viable_mice/links/0deec534c29e179c14000000/Megabase-deletions-of-gene-deserts-result-in-viable-mice.pdf
nature.com/news/2004/041018/full/news041018-7.html
ENCODE
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3439153
Widespread purifying selection on RNA structure in mammals
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3783177
References:
Creationist Arguments
answersingenesis.org/store/product/genetic-entropy-mystery-genome/?sku=10-3-114
medium.com/@b1e1nugent/genetic-entropy-dna-mutation-rate-undermines-darwinian-evolution-3d14dbf686e3
http://www.geneticentropy.org/whats-genetic-entropy
creation.com/genetic-entropy
http://www.icr.org/article/genetic-entropy-points-young-creation
crev.info/2011/06/110605-genetic_entropy_confirmed
Genetic Entropy & the Mystery of the Genome
http://apologeticspress.org/APContent.aspx?category=9&article=4670
link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00285-017-1190-x
How God Reveals Himself
http://www.creationtruthoutreach.org/hgrh.pdf
Sanford's newest paper, with William Basener regarding Fisher (1-5% rate)
http://www.geneticentropy.org/latest-development
link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00285-017-1190-x
MOTOO KIMURA
Evolutionary Rate at the Molecular Level (1968)
http://www.sns.ias.edu/~tlusty/courses/landmark/Kimura1968.pdf
Model of effectively neutral mutations in which selective constraint is incorporated (1979)
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4dd2/88a00d352fd6e7781763a4e26f373f30fc3e.pdf
The neutral theory of molecular evolution: a review of recent evidence. (1991)
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1954033
[Mutation Rate]
nature.com/news/2009/090827/full/news.2009.864.html
cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(09)01454-7
Ronald Fisher "The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection"
archive.org/details/geneticaltheoryo031631mbp
George Price "Fisher's fundamental theorem made clear"
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.366.4070&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Michael Lynch - Mutation and Human Exceptionalism: Our Future Genetic Load (2016)
genetics.org/content/202/3/869
Alexey S. Kondrashov - Contamination of the genome by very slightly deleterious mutations: Why have we not died 100 times over? (1995)
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022519385701671
Alexey S. Kondrashov - Crumbling Genome: The Impact of Deleterious Mutations on Humans (2017)
wiley.com/en-us/Crumbling+Genome%3A+The+Impact+of+Deleterious+Mutations+on+Humans-p-9781118952115
Here: youtu.be/UQMXWB31O24?t=22m57s
Links:
Jackson Wheat
youtube.com/channel/UC03A7S5CqhPqa2_H1s5UI1w
Steve McRae
youtube.com/channel/UC1SzlwfeQ_4-9LuV_00Efuw
Prophet of Zod
youtube.com/channel/UCm0VjekR-4a-sUftCHzAAvg
Prophet of Zod's Animation, "Let Us Make Man In Our Own Image"
youtu.be/2_hvm5xemCI
Exabyte Spider
youtube.com/channel/UCKnsoOdv-K0fVsB7nKE6AQg
Here is the Evolution
facebook.com/HereIsEvolution
Scientist Mel
youtube.com/channel/UC9MKC0Yxbf8ULpOYvzzcQKQ
Daniel Shenton (Flat-Earth Society)
theflatearthsociety.org/library/pressreleases/flat_earth_society_press_release.pdf
How reliable is it, really?
References:
Creationist Arguments
creation.com/creationism-science-and-peer-review
apologeticspress.org/apcontent.aspx?category=9&article=2508
http://www.icr.org/article/biblical-basis-for-peer-review
answersingenesis.org/creation-science/toward-a-practical-theology-of-peer-review
Ishaq bin Ali al-Rohawi
http://www.ishim.net/ishimj/5/03.pdf
History of the Scientific Journal
arts.st-andrews.ac.uk/philosophicaltransactions
Scientific Ethics
https://www.nap.edu/read/4917/chapter/1
Peer-review Process
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16622142
agronomy.org/files//publications/nse/pdfs/jnr018/018-02-0105.pdf
http://chans-net.org/sites/chans-net.org/files/peer_review.pdf
Why Most Published Research Findings Are False by John Iannidis
http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124
Peer review: a flawed process at the heart of science and journals
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1420798
Believe It Or Not, Most Published Research Findings Are Probably False
http://bigthink.com/neurobonkers/believe-it-or-not-most-published-research-findings-are-probably-false
Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons journal comment on Cold Fusion
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0022072889850946
Press for Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons
cbsnews.com/news/cold-fusion-is-hot-again
Peer Reviewed criticism of Cold-Fusion
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/246/4931/793
journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.1196
journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.1926
journals.aps.org/prc/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevC.42.R1809
Andrew Wakefield's fraudulent paper on the MMR Vaccine
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673697110960/fulltext
Papers exposing Wakefield
http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.c7452.full
web.archive.org/web/20070810191050/http://briandeer.com/mmr/wakefield-mrc.htm
Brian Deer's Exposes
2004
http://briandeer.com/mmr-lancet.htm
2010
http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c1127.long
Journal of Creation(ism)
creation.com/journal-of-creation
Directory of Open-Access Journals
doaj.org
John Bohannon's Fake Journal paper
https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/179472197?q&versionId=195340411
John Bohannon's article in Science
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6154/60.full
Master Journals List
http://mjl.clarivate.com
International Journal for Creation Research
http://www.icr.org/article/graduate-school-launch-new-science-journal
Answers Review Journal
answersingenesis.org/answers/research-journal/about
References:
Creationist Arguments
icr.org/article/7098
uncommondescent.com/evolution/the-equations-of-evolution
http://www.icr.org/article/mathematical-impossibility-evolution
On the Origin of Species
http://publicliterature.org/books/origin_of_species/1
Darwin Discussing the Gemmule Darwin, C. R. October 1869. Pangenesis.—Mr. Darwin's reply to Professor Delpino. Scientific Opinion: A Weekly Record of Scientific Progress at Home & Abroad 2
Mendel - "Experiments on Plant Hybridization"
http://www.mendelweb.org/Mendel.html
Godfrey Hardy's derivation of the Hardy-Weinberg Equation
http://www.esp.org/foundations/genetics/classical/hardy.pdf
Alfred J. Lotka's derivations of the Lotka-Volterra equations.
ia802708.us.archive.org/17/items/elementsofphysic017171mbp/elementsofphysic017171mbp.pdf
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1085052/pdf/pnas01891-0031.pdf
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1085053/pdf/pnas01891-0035.pdf
Vito Volterra's derivations of the Lotka-Volterra equations.
http://www.math.ualberta.ca/~tomasd/stateco/scan.pdf
Ronald Fisher "The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection"
archive.org/details/geneticaltheoryo031631mbp
George Price "Fisher's fundamental theorem made clear"
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.366.4070&rep=rep1&type=pdf
George Price and John Maynard "The logic of animal conflict"
ftp://oceane.obs-vlfr.fr/pub/irisson/papers/Maynard%20Smith1973-The%20logic%20of%20animal%20conflict00.pdf
John Burdon Sanderson Haldane "Suggestions as to quantitative measurement of rates of evolution"
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1949.tb00004.x/pdf
Jeremy England - Abiogenesis Calculations
Journal Paper
http://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.4818538
Popular Article
http://www.businessinsider.com/groundbreaking-idea-of-lifes-origin-2014-12?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=auddev-test1223
Update on Jeremy England's work.
pnas.org/content/114/29/7565.abstract
References:
Creationist Arguments
answersingenesis.org/theory-of-evolution/evolution-not-even-theory
creation.com/refuting-evolution-2-chapter-3-argument-evolution-is-true-science-not-just-a-theory
Etymology of "theory"
etymonline.com/word/theory
http://www.ntslibrary.com/PDF%20Books/History%20of%20Western%20Philosophy.pdf
Requirements for a scientific theory
http://www.rosenfels.org/Popper.pdf
Overview of Theory vs Laws vs Facts
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4705322
Isaac Newton - Principia Mathematica
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/principia-mathematica/
http://www.wilbourhall.org/pdfs/newton/NewtonPrincipia.pdf
Albert Einstein - theory of general relativity
http://hermes.ffn.ub.es/luisnavarro/nuevo_maletin/Einstein_GRelativity_1916.pdf
Mutation Rates in Humans
http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1000083
Vaccines
healthaffairs.org/doi/pdf/10.1377/hlthaff.24.3.611
AIDS treatment
aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf
Natural Selection and Common Descent
http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_OntheOriginofSpecies.html
Dog Breeding
nature.com/scitable/topicpage/genetics-of-dog-breeding-434
Mustard Cultivars
http://www.telomereevolution.org/uploads/8/9/7/6/8976955/ariastbrassicaceae.pdf
Nereis acuminata Speciation
Weinberg, J. R., V. R. Starczak and P. Jora. 1992. Evidence for rapid speciation following a founder event in the laboratory. Evolution. 46:1214-1220
Genetic Relation among People
dnacenter.com/blog/proving-common-ancestral-lineage-dna-testing
Genetic Relation among species
http://www.ece.iit.edu/~biitcomm/research/Genetic%20Code/The%20Origin%20and%20Evolution%20of%20the%20Genetic%20Code%20Statistical%20and%20Experimental%20Investigations%20-%202001.pdf
Creationism
answersingenesis.org/creationism
Common Designer
http://www.creationstudies.org/operationsalt/common-designer-not-ancestor.html
References:
Creationist Arguments
www.creationevidence.org/displays/london_artifact.php
http://www.tasc-creationscience.org/content/ooparts-out-place-artifacts
discoveryworld.us/dinosaur-world/hammer
http://apologeticspress.org/pdfs/courses_pdf/hsc0304.pdf
Helfinstine, Robert F., and Jerry D. Roth. 1994. Texas Tracks and Artifacts: Do Texas Fossils Indicate Coexistence of Men and Dinosaurs?
amazon.com/Texas-Tracks-Artifacts-Coexistence-Dinosaurs/dp/B005KE2A5Y
Baugh Ordovician
http://www.creationevidence.org/carlbaugh/diss2.htm
Baugh Cretaceous
http://www.creationevidence.org/displays/london_artifact.php
Walter Lang Silurian
"Lab Test Report on Hammer!: Paluxy Progress" Bible-Science Newsletter. Vol. 21. No. 12. p. 1.
Paul Bartz Silurian
Questions and Answers on Creationism. Bible-Science Newsletter . July 1984. Vol. 22, No. 4. p. 16.
David Lines
https://archive.li/5270S
Non-Creationist Observations
paleo.cc/paluxy/hammer.htm
ncse.com/cej/5/1/if-i-had-hammer
www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CC/CC130.html
books.google.com/books?isbn=0520249267
References:
Charles Hapgood, MYSTERY IN ACAMBARO, An Account of the Ceramic Collection of the Late Waldemar Juisrud in Acumbaro, GTU, Mexico. (Self Published, 1972).
books.google.com/books/about/Mystery_in_Acambaro.html?id=ePInAQAAMAAJ
Charles C. Dipeso, "The Clay Figurines of Acambaro," Guanajuato, Mexico, American Antiquity, April 1953, pp388-389.
cambridge.org/core/journals/american-antiquity/article/clay-figurines-of-acambaro-guanajuato-mexico/BDAD64E2B9FE2870915089A2E9E715C9
Charles Dipeso, "The Clay Monsters of Acambaro," Archaeology (Summer, 1953).
Gary W. Carriveau and Mark Han
Thermoluminescent Dating and the Monsters of Acambaro
http://www.conhecimentohoje.com.br/Thermoluminescent%20Dating%20and%20the%20Monsters%20of%20Acambaro.pdf
Childrens Clay Dinosaurs
http://tasartplusinnovation.org/a-day-of-clay-dinosaurs
CREATIONISM AT THE GRASS ROOTS:
A STUDY OF A LOCAL CREATIONIST INSTITUTION
A dissertation submitted to the
Kent State University College and Graduate School
of Education, Health, and Human Services
in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
by Paul J. Wendel
https://etd.ohiolink.edu/rws_etd/document/get/kent1207843937/inline
Is it really the best explanation?
References:
Creationist/Abiogenic arguments
answersingenesis.org/geology/the-origin-of-oila-creationist-answer
creation.com/how-fast-can-oil-form
http://www.icr.org/article/chemistry-oil-explained-by-flood-geology
creation.com/age-of-the-earth
Oil under pressure too great for the rocks they're in (Pg65
creationresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/crsq-2007-volume-44-number-1.pdf
journal-neo.org/2016/03/05/needless-wars-over-oil
Non biogenic oil in the earth
http://pvsheridan.com/Gold-CornellChron-17Oct1991.pdf
Oil created in a lab in twenty minutes.
newatlas.com/algae-crude-oil-process-pnnl/30235
phys.org/news/2013-12-algae-crude-oil-million-year-natural.html
Process development for hydrothermal liquefaction of algae feedstocks in a continuous-flow reactor, Algal Research, Sept. 29, 2013
Douglas C. Elliott, Todd R. Hart, Andrew J. Schmidt, Gary G. Neuenschwander, Leslie J. Rotness, Mariefel V. Olarte, Alan H. Zacher, Karl O. Albrecht, Richard T. Hallen and Johnathan E. Holladay
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211926413000878
Oil is not biogenic
http://static.scribd.com/docs/j79lhbgbjbqrb.pdf
livescience.com/9404-mysterious-origin-supply-oil.html
Hydrocarbons from iron oxide, marble, and pure water
http://www.pnas.org/content/99/17/10976.full
The chemical history of 14C in deep oilfields
arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/0308025v2
creation, creationism, creationist, creation science, Intelligent Design, ID,
Evolution, evolutionist, evolutionism, hovind, ken ham, dawkins, darwin, petroleum, ebiogenic, abiotic, seep,
References:
Creationist Arguments
creationworldview.org/articles_view.asp?id=51
creation.com/too-much-coal-for-a-young-earth
http://www.icr.org/article/origin-coal
Friedrich Bergius - Artificial coal made from wood substance
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ed006p64?src=recsys
books.google.com/books?id=uAojAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA870&lpg=PA870&dq=%22coal+conference%22+Bergius&source=bl&ots=gwegXQOZ4r&sig=552BMj2kwvrMtOkc7OO9_q15EZM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjC-e-VzdrYAhUC62MKHcB1AHYQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22coal%20conference%22%20Bergius&f=false
Argonne Scientists Make Artificial Coal
http://www.creationevidence.org/carlbaugh/pg472.pdf
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cen-v061n047.p042
R. Hayatsu, R. L. McBeth, R. G. Scott, R. E. Botto, and R. E. Winans, “Artificial Coalification Study: Preparations and Characterization of Synthetic Macerals,” Organic Geochemistry 6 (1984): 463–471.
J. D. Saxby, P. Chatfield, G. H. Taylor, J. D. FitzGerald, I. R. Kaplan and S. T. Lu, “Effect of Clay Minerals on Products from Coal Maturation,” Organic Geochemistry 18, no. 3 (1992): 373–383.
W. H. Orem, S. G. Neuzil, H. E. Lerch, and C. B. Cecil, “Experimental Early-stage Coalification of a Peat Sample and a Petrified Wood Sample from Indonesia,” Organic Geochemistry 24.2 (1996): 111–125.
References:
Creationist Arguments
http://www.creationconcepts.org/resources/MOMENTUM.pdf
http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/AstroPhysicalSciences4.html
creation.com/revelations-in-the-solar-system
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
by Isaac Newton
Part 1
books.google.com/books?id=Tm0FAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Parts 2 & 3
books.google.com/books?id=6EqxPav3vIsC&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Modern Descriptions of Newton's Laws
books.google.com/books?id=sv6fAAAAMAAJ
books.google.com/books?id=eScXAAAAYAAJ
Neutron Stars
https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/11870358/81723441.pdf?sequence=1
Slowing of Earth due to the moon
http://www.caeno.org/_Feat/pdf/F53_Stephenson_Delta-T%20complex%20analysis.pdf
Moon Recession
http://physics.ucsd.edu/~tmurphy/apollo/doc/Dickey.pdf
Formation of the Solar System
http://www.tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de/~kley/lehre/planeten/all/EMP1.pdf
References:
Creationist Arguments
http://www.icr.org/article/science-man-god-robert-boyle
http://www.creationmoments.com/radio/transcripts/robert-boyle-creation-scientist
Boyle's Law Published
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A29007.0001.001/1:2?rgn=div1;view=fulltext
Towneley's Publication on Boyle's Law
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A55584.0001.001?view=toc
John Dalton's work with Charles Law
books.google.com/books?id=3qdJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA595#v=onepage&q&f=false
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac's work with Charles's Law
books.google.com/books?id=Z6ctSn3TIeYC&pg=PA137#v=onepage&q&f=false
Avogadro's work on his Law
http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/avogadro.html
The strengths of the fundamental forces
http://webhome.phy.duke.edu/~kolena/modern/forces.html
Don Pettit's experiment on particles in space
https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2004/pdf/1119.pdf
Stellar formation
science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/how-do-stars-form-and-evolve
http://astro.physics.uiowa.edu/~rlm/mathcad/addendum%204%20chap%2017%20stellar%20evolution%201.htm
References:
Creationist Arguments
evolutionisntscience.wordpress.com/evolution-frauds
http://nwcreation.net/evolutionfraud.html
http://www.icr.org/article/startling-discoveries-support-creation
Gish, Duane T., 1985. Evolution: The Challenge of the Fossil Record, El Cajon, CA: Creation-Life Publishers, p. 190.
Immunospecificity of albumin detected in 1.6 million-year-old fossils from Venta Micena
Christopher Borja
http://hera.ugr.es/doi/15021476.pdf
Fractal analysis of the Orce skull sutures
sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248485710421
Molar tooth fragment BL5-0: the oldest
human remain found in the Plio-Pleistocene
of Orce (Granada province, Spain)
http://losportadoresdelaantorcha.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Gibert-et-al-1999-Molar-tooth-fragment-BL-0.pdf
The Orce skull: anatomy of a mistake
scribd.com/document/51254220/MOYA-SOLA-KOHLER-1997-The-Orce-skull-anatomy-of-a-mistake
Early human occupation of Western Europe: Paleomagnetic dates for two paleolithic sites in Spain - 1998
http://www.pnas.org/content/97/19/10666.full
Abundant Stone Tool Industry at 700,000 years ago
Reversed magnetic polarity at an early Lower Palaeolithic site in Central Italy 1982 Caltorti et al
nature.com/articles/300173a0
Two ‘Oldowan’ assemblages in the Plio-Pleistocene deposits of the Orce region, southeast Spain - 1998
cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/two-oldowan-assemblages-in-the-plio-pleistocene-deposits-of-the-orce-region-southeast-spain/5A04B50A3CB8CC852433AF1F2D9C0DFA
Earliest Pleistocene Hominid Cranial Remains from Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia: Taxonomy, Geological Setting, and Age - 2000
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/288/5468/1019?ijkey=8594ab4a81e523c633ee9a2e2d097eea0260538d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Radiographical Study of Skull
Fragment of Venta Micena (VM-O)
(Orce, Granada Spain) - 2003 link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02436282
Early Pleistocene ‘‘hominid remains’’ from
southern Spain and the taxonomic assignment
of the Cueva Victoria phalanx - 2005
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.512.3403&rep=rep1&type=pdf
The oldest human fossil in Europe,
from Orce (Spain) - 2013
https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/bitstream/handle/10072/338463/Toro-MoyanoPUB2591.pdf?sequence=1
New dating evidence of the early
presence of hominins in Southern
Europe - 2017
nature.com/articles/s41598-017-10178-4.pdf?origin=ppub
A VERY detailed Doctoral Thesis by M Carandell Baruzzi
https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/tesis/2015/hdl_10803_313233/mcb1de1.pdf
Pictures and details
http://www.uab.cat/web/news-detail/a-country-8217-s-obsession-during-the-construction-of-a-democracy-is-the-orce-man-our-ancestor--1345680342044.html?noticiaid=1345699332163
Gilbert's Motive
http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0211-95362013000200001
References:
Creationist Arguments
http://hoaxes.org/photo_database/image/the_peppered_moth
creation.com/goodbye-peppered-moths
creation.com/the-moth-files
http://www.icr.org/article/what-about-peppered-moth
answersingenesis.org/blogs/ken-ham/2016/05/04/peppered-moth-popular-proof-doesnt-prove-evolution
answersingenesis.org/blogs/georgia-purdom/2012/03/22/peppered-moths-the-saga-continues
Kettlewell's Experiment
http://udel.edu/~mcdonald/kettlewell1958.pdf
Majerus's work
http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/8/4/609
Industrial melanism in British peppered moths has a singular and recent mutational origin.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493823
The industrial melanism mutation in British peppered moths is a transposable element
livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3002967/1/saccheri_carbonaria_whole_paper_with_figs.pdf
References:
Whale Hageman Factor (Factor XII) Prevented Production Due to Pseudogene Conversion
Umeko Semba, Yoko Shibuya, Hiroaki Okabe, Tetsuro Yamamoto
http://www.thrombosisresearch.com/article/S0049-3848(97)00307-1/pdf
Factor XII Expendable
Molecular characterization of cat factor XII gene and identification of a mutation causing factor XII deficiency in a domestic shorthair cat colony. - Diane Bender
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0300985814532821
Factor XII deficiency and von Willebrand's disease in a family of miniature poodle dogs.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3484442
Step-By-Step - Russell Doolittle
http://dogfish.ucsd.edu/recentpubs/CSH2009.pdf
Slides: slideshare.net/leafwarbler/csu-fresno
The evolution of vertebrate blood coagulation as viewed from a comparison of puffer fish and sea squirt genomes - Russell Doolittle
http://www.pnas.org/content/100/13/7527.full
Sea Squirt Thrombin catalyzing fibrinogen to fibrin
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9418002?dopt=AbstractPlus
google.com/search?q=clotting+cascade&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8
http://www.millerandlevine.com/km/evol/DI/Clotting.html
csicop.org/specialarticles/show/can_science_support_creationism
Creationist Arguments
http://www.doesgodexist.org/NovDec98/IrreducibleComplexityBloodClotting.html
Darwin's Black Box
books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=7L8mkq4jG6EC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Behe,+M.+J.+(2006).+Darwin%E2%80%99s+black+box:+The+biochemical+challenge+to+evolution+(10th+Anniversary+Edition).+New+York,+NY:+Simon+and+Schuster.&ots=ZCvnD0mrbO&sig=213Uwx-47RpyL7KMXw2iqzXYRak#v=onepage&q&f=false
Platelets
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet
The evolution of vertebrate blood coagulation as viewed from a comparison of puffer fish and sea squirt genomes.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12808152
A parts-per-billion measurement of the antiproton magnetic moment
nature.com/nature/journal/v550/n7676/full/nature24048.html
Doolittle, R. F., (1993) "The evolution of vertebrate blood coagulation: A case of yin and yang," Thrombosis and Haemostasis 70: 24-28.
Doolittle, R. F., and Feng, D. F., (1987) "Reconstructing the evolution of vertebrate blood coagulation from a consideration of the amino acid sequences of clotting proteins," Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 52: 869-874.
http://symposium.cshlp.org/content/52/869
Doolittle, R. F., and Riley, M. (1990) "The amino-acid sequence of lobster fibriongen reveals common ancestry with vitellogenin." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 167: 16-19.
Xu, X., and Doolittle, R. F., (1990) "Presence of a vertebrate fibrinogen-like sequence in an echinoderm." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 87: 2097-2101.
Thank you to Alex Wild for the fantastic insect photography.
alexanderwild.com
References:
Creationist Arguments
creation.com/the-amazing-bombardier-beetle
answersingenesis.org/evidence-for-creation/design-in-nature/pygidial-gland-of-the-bombardier-beetle-brachinus-sp
http://www.icr.org/article/bombardier-beetle
Michael Behe - Darwin's Black Box
goodreads.com/book/show/49038.Darwin_s_Black_Box
William Dembski - No Free Lunch: Why Specified Complexity Cannot Be Purchased without Intelligence
amazon.com/Free-Lunch-Specified-Complexity-Intelligence/dp/0742512975
Behe Article - In Defense of the Irreducibility of the Blood Clotting Cascade: Response to Russell Doolittle, Ken Miller and Keith Robison
http://www.discovery.org/a/442
Duane Gish - Dinosaurs: Those Terrible Lizards
amazon.com/Dinosaurs-Terrible-Duane-T-Gish/dp/0890510393
Bombardier Beetle Anatomy
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467803915000766
Hydrogen Peroxide
http://www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v8/n9/full/nrm2240.html?foxtrotcallback=true
Hackman - Chemistry of Insect Cuticle
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1268999/pdf/biochemj01096-0034.pdf
Konrad Dettner - Chemosystematics and evolution of beetle chemical defenses.
researchgate.net/publication/234150054_Chemosystematics_And_Evolution_Of_Beetle_Chemical_Defenses
Thomas Eisner - Chemical defense against predation in arthropods.
http://vivo.cornell.edu/display/AI-24074790913
Thomas Eisner - Chemical Defense By Termite Soldiers
link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00987930
Experiments with Drosophila
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7892602
http://www.accessexcellence.org/WN/SUA01/master_eye_gene.php
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7531187
Flavobacterium Genetics
http://www.pnas.org/content/81/8/2421.long
Bert Holldobler & Edward O. Wilson - The Ants, Bleknap Press, MA. pp. 233-237
Ant Morphology
bio.kuleuven.be/ento/pdfs/billen_etal_asd_2013_myopias.pdf
Hermann Schildknecht, Eleonore Maschwitz. and U. Maschwitz. "Die Explosionschemie der Bombardierkafer (Coleoptera, Carabidae),"
http://zfn.mpdl.mpg.de/data/Reihe_B/23/ZNB-1968-23b-1213.pdf
D.J. Forsyth - The structure of the defence glands of the Cicindelidae, Amphizoidae, and Hygrobiidae
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1970.tb02897.x/full
Catalase Synthesis
http://biology.kenyon.edu/BMB/Chime/catalase/frames/cattx.htm#Proposed%20Mechanism%20of%20Catalase
Peroxidase
bmcdevbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12861-016-0143-8
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888754307000110
THOMAS EISNER, DANIEL J. ANESHANSLEY, MARIA EISNER, ATHULA B. ATTYGALLE, DAVID W. ALSOP AND JERROLD MEINWALD - SPRAY MECHANISM OF THE MOST PRIMITIVE BOMBARDIER BEETLE
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/203/8/1265.full.pdf
Mark Isaak's First publishing of this hypothesis
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/bombardier.html
References:
Creationist Arguments
creation.com/punctuated-equilibrium-come-of-age
http://www.creationdefense.org/76.htm
answersingenesis.org/theory-of-evolution/do-evolutionists-believe-darwins-ideas-about-evolution
http://www.icr.org/radio/188
Speciating Worms
Weinberg, J. R., V. R. Starczak and P. Jora. 1992. Evidence for rapid speciation following a founder event in the laboratory. Evolution. 46:1214-1220
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb00629.x
Huxley's Correspondence
darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/DCP-LETT-2544.xml
Eldredge's Paper: "The allopatric model and phylogeny in Paleozoic invertebrates"
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/6568/10.5531sd.paleo.8.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Gould and Eldredge's papers: "Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism"
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/classictexts/eldredge.pdf
"Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered."
http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/schaffer/182/Punct-Equilib/Gould%20Eldredge%20PE77.pdf
Bjorn A. Malmgren, W. A. Berggren and G. P. Lohmann's paper:
Evidence for Punctuated Gradualism in the Late Neogene Globorotalia tumida Lineage of Planktonic Foraminifera
jstor.org/stable/2400580?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
References
Dendrochronology
Creationist Arguments
creation.com/tree-ring-dating-dendrochronology
http://www.icr.org/article/tree-ring-dating
answersingenesis.org/age-of-the-earth/biblical-chronology-and-8000-year-bristlecone-pine-chronology
Methods
http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/259045/1/trb-21-01-04-031-035.pdf
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3534v/f263.image.r=l%27aubier.langEN
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3534v/f425.image.r=l%27aubier.langEN
Coring
youtube.com/watch?v=jPJUewNcvao&list=PL2vrmieg9tO0tE-KpmDWtta1Fjz1cPxMa&t=123
Anomolies
https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/4172
Calibration
https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/4167
Dendrochronology and Radiocarbon
https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/radiocarbon/article/view/16947
Ice Core Dating
Creationist Arguments
http://www.icr.org/article/ice-cores-age-earth
answersingenesis.org/environmental-science/ice-age/do-ice-cores-show-many-tens-of-thousands-of-years
creation.com/do-greenland-ice-cores-show-over-one-hundred-thousand-years-of-annual-layers
creation.com/ice-cores-vs-the-flood
History
clim-past.net/9/2525/2013/cp-9-2525-2013.pdf
Planes
http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2003/PSCF12-03Seely.pdf
http://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/04/us/world-war-ii-planes-found-in-greenland-in-ice-260-feet-deep.html
http://www.popularmechanics.com/flight/a18943/glacier-girl-p-38-fighter
http://pergelator.blogspot.com/2015/12/glacier-girl.html
1.5 million years
sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/11/131105081228.htm
Thermoluminescence:
Creationist Arguments
http://www.icr.org/article/examining-thermoluminescence-dating
creation.com/the-dating-game
answersingenesis.org/human-evolution/evolutionary-road-morocco
Method
https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/courses/greekpast/4929.html
Fission Track Dating
Creationist Arguments
http://www.icr.org/article/fission-tracks-zircons-evidence-for
answersingenesis.org/age-of-the-earth/dating-methods
creation.com/radiometric-dating-breakthroughs
Details
geology.cr.usgs.gov/capabilities/gronemtrac/geochron/fission/tech.html
References:
Creationist Arguments:
answersingenesis.org/kids/reptiles/mammal-like-reptiles
http://www.icr.org/article/mammal-like-reptiles
http://creation.com/mammal-like-reptiles-major-trait-reversals-and-discontinuities
Comparative Embryology
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9974
Embryology
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10049
http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/benton2.html
Jaws to ears
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05
Organ of Corti
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3918746
List in Order
Paleothyris - Carroll 1969 (early Pennsylvanian approximately 312 to 304 million years ago)
-----Protoclepsydrops haplous - Carrol 1984 (early Pennsylvanian approximately 318 to 314 million years ago)
-----Clepsydrops - Cope 1875 (early Pennsylvanian approximately 310 to 290 million years ago)
-----Archaeothyris - Robert R. Reisz, 1972 (early-mid Pennsylvanian approximately 306)
-----Haptodus - Gaudry, 1886 (late Pennsylvanian approximately 299 to 296 million years ago)
-----Dimetrodon, Sphenacodon or a similar sphenacodont - Cope, 1878 (late Pennsylvanian to early Permian, approximately 295 to 272 million years ago)
Biarmosuchia - Sigogneau-Russell, 1989 (late Permian approximately 272 to 252 million years ago)
-----Procynosuchus - Broom, 1937 (latest Permian approximately 260 to 253 million years ago)
-----Dvinia - Amalitskii, 1922 [also "Permocynodon"] (latest Permian approximately 254 million years ago)
-----Thrinaxodon - Seeley, 1894 (early Triassic approximately 251 to 247 million years ago)
-----Cynognathus - Seeley, 1895 (early Triassic approximately 247 to 237 million years ago)
-----Diademodon - Seeley, 1894 (early Triassic, 240 Ma; same strata as Cynognathus)
-----Probelesodon - Romer, 1969 (mid-Triassic; South America approximately 246 to 216 million years ago)
Probainognathus - Romer, 1970 (mid-Triassic, approximately 239 to 221 million years ago, Argentina)
Exaeretodon - Cabrera, 1943 (mid-late Triassic, 239Ma, South America)
Oligokyphus - Hennig E, 1922, Kayentatherium - Kermack, 1982 (early Jurassic, 208 Ma)
-----Pachygenelus - Watson, 1913, Diarthrognathus - Crompton, 1958 (earliest Jurassic approximately 209 to 189 million years ago)
Adelobasileus cromptoni - Lucas & Hunt 1990 (late Triassic; 225 Ma, west Texas)
Sinoconodon - Patterson & Olson, 1961 (early Jurassic approximately 208 to 190 million years ago)
Kuehneotherium (early Jurassic, about 205 Ma)
-----Eozostrodon - Parrington, 1941, Morganucodon - Kühne, 1949, Haldanodon - Kühne & Krusat, 1972 (early Jurassic approximately 205 to 145 million years ago)
Steropodon galmani - Archer, Flannery, Ritchie, & Molnar, 1985 (early Cretaceous approximately 105 million years ago)
Stagodontidae -Marsh, 1889 Pariadens kirklandi (late Cretaceous approximately 95 to 66 million years ago)
Cimolestes - Marsh, 1889, Procerberus, Gypsonictops (very late Cretaceous approximately 68 to 66 million years ago)
References:
Respiratory
researchgate.net/publication/23995330_Evidence_for_bird-like_air_sacs_in_saurischian_dinosaurs
Bakkers Article
nature.com/nature/journal/v238/n5359/pdf/238081a0.pdf
Alligator and lizard lung: voices.nationalgeographic.org/2013/12/11/lizard-has-one-way-breathing-hints-at-how-dinosaurs-breathed
Dino-Bird Digits
Most Recent misidentification
http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090617/full/news.2009.577.html
Frame-shift hypothesis
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC21825
livescience.com/12808-dinosaur-hands-fingers-birds-digits-evolution.html
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/280/5362/355.full
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/331/6018/753
Endothermy in dinos - Robert Bakker
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v238/n5359/abs/238081a0.html?foxtrotcallback=true
Mathew Wedell
sauroposeidon.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/wedel-2009-air-sacs.pdf
Wings
newscientist.com/article/dn13683-evolution-myths-half-a-wing-is-no-use
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_avian_flight
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vertebrates/flight/evolve.html
Bird lungs in Dinosaurs
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v436/n7048/abs/nature03716.html
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0003303
qabalaHCTMRS63
References:
Creationist Arguments
http://www.icr.org/article/78
answersingenesis.org/geology/plate-tectonics
creation.com/is-catastrophic-plate-tectonics-part-of-earth-history
In the Beginning: COMPELLING EVIDENCE FOR CREATION AND THE FLOOD
http://www.creationscience.com
Abraham Ortelius "Thesaurus Geographicus"
http://www.worldcat.org/title/thesaurus-geographicus/oclc/632541635
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen - X-Rays
archive.org/details/laphotographiede00aube
Henri Becquerel
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30780/f422.chemindefer
List of Works by the Curies
goodreads.com/author/list/126903.Marie_Curie
Alfred Wegener
http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783443010881
Wegner Species similarities
geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Chap1-Pioneers-of-Plate-Tectonics/Alfred-Wegener/Fossil-Evidence-from-the-Southern-Hemisphere
Fossil and geological commonalities between South America and Africa
http://publish.illinois.edu/alfredwegener/evidence/
Motonori Matuyama - Magnetic Reversals
researchgate.net/publication/284542674_On_the_direction_of_magnetization_of_basalt_in_Japan_Tyosen_and_Manchuria
Wadati–Benioff zones
pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsabulletin/article-abstract/60/12/1837/4258/seismic-evidence-for-the-fault-origin-of-oceanic
Works by Maurice Ewing
http://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/books/maurice-ewing-series.html
Bruce Heezen
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1960SciAm.203d..98H
Ronald Mason
pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsabulletin/article-abstract/72/8/1259/5356/magnetic-survey-off-the-west-coast-of-north?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Subduction
http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/222/1150/341
Subduction Observed
academic.oup.com/gji/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/gji/ggt214
Formation of the Himalayas
pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/himalaya.html
Hayward Fault
http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-earthquake-curb-destroyed-20160705-snap-htmlstory.html
Martian plate tectonics
http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-scientist-discovers-plate-237303
pubs.geoscienceworld.org/lithosphere/article-abstract/4/4/286/145626/structural-analysis-of-the-valles-marineris-fault?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Tectonics on Mars: pubs.geoscienceworld.org/lithosphere/article-abstract/4/4/286/145626/structural-analysis-of-the-valles-marineris-fault?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Tectonics on Venus: http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1038/ngeo2928
qabalaHCTMRS62
Why hasn't any scientist even attempted it?
References:
Brown's Book- In the Beginning: COMPELLING EVIDENCE FOR CREATION AND THE FLOOD
http://www.creationscience.com
Brown’s approved Video by Bryan Nickel: youtube.com/watch?v=4hhE6tzJR_c&index=3&list=PL2vrmieg9tO2BNJEQBu6ANs7J1Jb87daC
AIG Response- http://www.oldearth.org/walter_brown_hydroplate_theory.htm
CMI Response- http://creation.com/hydroplate-theory
CRS Response- creationresearch.org/index.php/extensions/crs-quarterly/s5-box/item/26-an-analysis-of-astronomical-aspects-of-the-hydroplate-theory
Granite Formation:
https://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/eps2/wisc/granite.html
Formation and Evolution of Granite Magmas During Crustal Reworking: the Significance of Diatexites
academic.oup.com/petrology/article/39/6/1147/1492289
Tensile Strength of Granite:
hindawi.com/journals/amse/2016/6279571
Earth Inside:
pubs.usgs.gov/gip/interior
Supercritical Water:
http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6250.short
strength and deformation properties of granite...:
www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/684358.pdf
Water Plumes on Europa:
nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-hubble-spots-possible-water-plumes-erupting-on-jupiters-moon-europa
Centrifugal Force and Planets
physics.stackexchange.com/questions/70866/what-provides-the-centrifugal-force-for-planets-orbiting-a-star
Steam and Heat Transfer
http://www.fluidcontrolsinstitute.org/pdf/resource/steam/ST103HeatSource.pdf
Steam and Expansion:
https://physics.appstate.edu/laboratory/quick-guides/thermal-expansion
Heat Transfer:
http://www.auburn.edu/academic/classes/matl0501/coursepack/radiation/text.htm
Temperature in Space:
http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/Eddington-T0.html
Hydrothermal Vents and Ocean Temperatures
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2005GC001094/full
Temperature and Depth effects on aquatic life:
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/308/5730/1912
Size Distribution of Lunar Craters:
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1966MNRAS.134..245C
Composition of Lunar Granite:
http://levee.wustl.edu/~rlk/papers/seddio_et_al_2013_AmMin_granite.pdf
Asteroids and Trans-Neptunian Objects:
arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1212/1212.6124.pdf
arxiv.org/ftp/astro-ph/papers/0401/0401279.pdf
Cometary Composition:
arxiv.org/abs/1507.00761
Piezoelectric Effect:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Solids/piezo.html
References:
3.77 billion year-old fossils
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/03/377-billion-year-old-fossils-stake-new-claim-oldest-evidence-life
Deconverted Man
youtube.com/user/DeconvertedMan1
Big Bang Video youtu.be/hK9ZV_LqckU
Professor Stick
youtube.com/channel/UCbjw7dE_hxJT-VGLTqCjlJA
Paulogia
youtube.com/channel/UCIS4cWaXgWpznjwovFYQBJQ
Dreamy Diglot
youtube.com/channel/UCc1Eysa5PaGUdqpj1Bya1cA qabalaHCTMRS60


