PBS Origins
What is Cultural Appropriation?
updated
Official Website: pbs.org/independentlens
Resources:
Free Chol Soo Lee on Independent Lens: pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/free-chol-soo-lee
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More About Independent Lens
INDEPENDENT LENS is America’s home for independent documentary film. Each week the award-winning series delivers engaging documentaries crafted by the industry’s boldest filmmakers. Independent Lens films have won 25 Emmy Awards, 23 Peabody Awards, eight duPont-Columbia University Awards, and have received 10 Academy Award nominations. Independent Lens received the International Documentary Association (IDA) Award for Best Continuing Series in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2022.
#aapiheritagemonth #PBSShortDocs #CholSooLeePBS
Executive Producers: Sally Jo Fifer, Lois Vossen
Director/Host: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Senior Creative Producer: Andrea Bloom
Creative Director and Writer: Carol Paik
Vice President, Marketing and Communications: Lisa Tawil
Director of Photography: John Haas
Editor: Dave Yim
Motion Graphics: Arielle Ray
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Coordinator: Kiana Taylor
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services provided by: Flash Cuts
Additional Footage:
Alamy
Steve Kang
Korean Image Archive
Library of Congress
Lyndon B. Johnson Library
National Archives
Gary Pak
Pond5
Prelinger Archives
Los Angeles Public Library
Truman Archives
UCLA
UCR Collections
USC University Libraries
Independent Lens Funding Provided By:
The Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Acton Family Giving
Ford Foundation
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Wyncote Foundation
National Endowment for the Arts
A Short History of Korean American Immigration is a co-production of Plum Studios and Independent Television Service (ITVS), with funding provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). This program was produced by Plum Studios, which is solely responsible for its content.
© 2023 ITVS. All Rights Reserved.
Remember 1989’s True Believer, starring James Woods and Robert Downey, Jr.? A prime example of Hollywood’s longstanding White Savior Complex? Dolly Li examines how the flick centered a white lawyer in a story based on Chol Soo Lee’s arrest. Stream Free Chol Soo Lee now on YouTube or the PBS App.
Resources:
Free Chol Soo Lee on Independent Lens: pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/free-chol-soo-lee
This program is made possible by viewers like you. Support your local PBS station: pbs.org/donate
Subscribe to the PBS channel for more clips: youtube.com/PBS
Enjoy full episodes of your favorite PBS shows anytime, anywhere, with the free PBS App: to.pbs.org/2QbtzhR
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Facebook: facebook.com/PBS
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More About Independent Lens
INDEPENDENT LENS is America’s home for independent documentary film. Each week the award-winning series delivers engaging documentaries crafted by the industry’s boldest filmmakers. Independent Lens films have won 25 Emmy Awards, 23 Peabody Awards, eight duPont-Columbia University Awards, and have received 10 Academy Award nominations. Independent Lens received the International Documentary Association (IDA) Award for Best Continuing Series in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2022.
#Documentary #PBSShortDocs #CholSooLeePBS
Executive Producers: Sally Jo Fifer, Lois Vossen
Director/Host: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Senior Creative Producer and Writer: Andrea Bloom
Creative Director: Carol Paik
Vice President, Marketing and Communications: Lisa Tawil
Director of Photography: John Haas
Editor: Dave Yim
Motion Graphics: Arielle Ray
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Coordinator: Kiana Taylor
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services provided by: Flash Cuts
Additional Footage:
Getty
Julie Ha
Pond5
Eugene Yi
Independent Lens Funding Provided By:
The Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Acton Family Giving
Ford Foundation
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Wyncote Foundation
National Endowment for the Arts
The Misrepresentation of Chol Soo Lee is a co-production of Plum Studios and Independent Television Service (ITVS), with funding provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). This program was produced by Plum Studios, which is solely responsible for its content.
© 2023 ITVS. All Rights Reserved.
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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:
http://to.pbs.org/DonateORIG
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Rogue History
Shaking off the barnacles from this wildly popular storytelling canon, this Pirates historical series is an enlightening voyage that unravels historical myths, unearths lost narratives, and discovers fresh perspectives. This is the pirate history you were never told.
Subscribe to PBS Origins so you never miss an episode! youtube.com/pbsorigins
And keep up with Rogue History and PBS Origins on:
Facebook: facebook.com/PBSDigitalStudios
Twitter: twitter.com/pbsds
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsds
Chapters
00:00 - Intro
00:50 - What is a Marine Archeologist?
01:47 - Na'nao I Shipwreck
03:49 - 14 Million in Gold on the Sea Floor
05:25 - Treasure Hunters Throughout History
06:35 - Whydah Wreck
08:08 - Importance of Artifacts "in situ"
Official Website: pbs.org/independentlens
Resources:
Free Chol Soo Lee on Independent Lens: pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/free-chol-soo-lee
This program is made possible by viewers like you. Support your local PBS station: pbs.org/donate
Enjoy full episodes of your favorite PBS shows anytime, anywhere, with the free PBS App: to.pbs.org/2QbtzhR
FOLLOW US:
Facebook: facebook.com/PBS
Twitter: twitter.com/PBS
Instagram: instagram.com/PBS
TikTok: tiktok.com/@pbs
Shop: shop.pbs.org
More About Independent Lens
INDEPENDENT LENS is America’s home for independent documentary film. Each week the award-winning series delivers engaging documentaries crafted by the industry’s boldest filmmakers. Independent Lens films have won 25 Emmy Awards, 23 Peabody Awards, eight duPont-Columbia University Awards, and have received 10 Academy Award nominations. Independent Lens received the International Documentary Association (IDA) Award for Best Continuing Series in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2022.
#Documentary #PBSShortDocs #CholSooLeePBS
Executive Producers: Sally Jo Fifer, Lois Vossen
Director/Host: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Written by: Dolly Li
Senior Creative Producer: Andrea Bloom
Creative Director: Carol Paik
Vice President, Marketing and Communications: Lisa Tawil
Director of Photography: John Haas
Editor: Dave Yim
Motion Graphics: Arielle Ray
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Coordinator: Kiana Taylor
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services provided by: Flash Cuts
Additional Footage:
Nikki Arai
GIDRA
Bob Hsiang
Mary Uyematsu Kao
KQED
Library of Congress
National Archives
Douglas Wachter
“The Ballad of Chol Soo Lee” Rights Provided By:
Writers: Jeff Adachi (rights provided by Mutsuko Adachi), Robert Kikuchi-Yngojo, Mae Stroshane
Additional Performing Rights: Peter Horikoshi, Sandra Takimoto
Independent Lens Funding Provided By:
The Corporation for Public Broadcasting
Acton Family Giving
Ford Foundation
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Wyncote Foundation
National Endowment for the Arts
The Ballad of Chol Soo Lee is a co-production of Plum Studios and Independent Television Service (ITVS), with funding provided by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB). This program was produced by Plum Studios, which is solely responsible for its content.
© 2023 ITVS. All Rights Reserved.
For more information, check out “Lords of the Sea: Pirates, Violence, and Commerce in Late Medieval Japan” by Peter D. Shapinsky:
https://www.press.umich.edu/9340182/lords_of_the_sea
Or visit the Murakami Kaizoku Museum:
http://murakami-kaizoku.com/en
city.imabari.ehime.jp/museum/suigun
*****
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateORIG
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Rogue History
Shaking off the barnacles from this wildly popular storytelling canon, this Pirates historical series is an enlightening voyage that unravels historical myths, unearths lost narratives, and discovers fresh perspectives. This is the pirate history you were never told.
Subscribe to PBS Origins so you never miss an episode! youtube.com/pbsorigins
And keep up with Rogue History and PBS Origins on:
Facebook: facebook.com/PBSDigitalStudios
Twitter: twitter.com/pbsds
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsds
Chapters:
00:00 Intro
00:25 Who Were the Sea Lords
01:18 Importance of Japan’s Maritime Commerce
02:50 The Sea Lords Sold Protection from…Themselves
03:32 The Feudal System
05:15 Kaizoku and Ama
05:45 The Noshima Family
07:55 Sea Lords = Loyal Naval Vassals?
Some images are sourced from © LIECHTENSTEIN. The Princely Collections, Vaduz–Vienna:
“Admiral of the Turkish ships, of the Algerian pirates” and “Captain of an Algerian pirate ship” from a series of depictions from Algeria by Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang
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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateORIG
*****
Rogue History
Shaking off the barnacles from this wildly popular storytelling canon, this Pirates historical series is an enlightening voyage that unravels historical myths, unearths lost narratives, and discovers fresh perspectives. This is the pirate history you were never told.
Subscribe to PBS Origins so you never miss an episode! youtube.com/pbsorigins
And keep up with Rogue History and PBS Origins on:
Facebook: facebook.com/PBSDigitalStudios
Twitter: twitter.com/pbsds
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsds
Chapters:
00:00 Intro
00:26 These Pirates Existed for Hundreds of Years
00:50 U.S. Government Paid Ransom for Captives
01:20 Who Were the Barbary Pirates?
01:38 Meaning of “Barbary”
02:28 Hayreddin Hizir Reis/ Barbarossa
03:03 Selim I Recognized the Value of These Pirates
03:35 A Famous Captive of the Barbary Pirates
04:27 An Ambitious New Nation Challenges Them
05:44 Contradictory Attitudes Towards Enslavement
06:13 The First Barbary Pirate War
06:25 “The Shores of Tripoli”
06:50 The Second Barbary Pirate War
07:25 The End of Their Reign
07:46 Were The Barbary Wars Really Religious Conflicts?
Correction:
01:31 This region was called ‘The Maghreb’ by settlers of Arab and Ottoman origin, and ‘Tamazgha’ by indigenous people.
Check out his episode here: youtu.be/zBurkdTyJhE
**DO NOT ATTEMPT AT HOME**. Max Miller is a professional historic recipe reenactor.
Imagine being at sea for weeks on end. The supply of food and water is running out. No major port will let you in to restock. For pirates, finding food was often more important than finding buried treasure. In this episode of Rogue History, we bite into the creative ways pirates sustained themselves.
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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateORIG
*****
Rogue History
Shaking off the barnacles from this wildly popular storytelling canon, this Pirates historical series is an enlightening voyage that unravels historical myths, unearths lost narratives, and discovers fresh perspectives. This is the pirate history you were never told.
Subscribe to PBS Origins so you never miss an episode! youtube.com/pbsorigins
And keep up with Rogue History and PBS Origins on:
Facebook: facebook.com/PBSDigitalStudios
Twitter: twitter.com/pbsds
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsds
*****
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateORIG
*****
Rogue History
Shaking off the barnacles from this wildly popular storytelling canon, this Pirates historical series is an enlightening voyage that unravels historical myths, unearths lost narratives, and discovers fresh perspectives. This is the pirate history you were never told.
Subscribe to PBS Origins so you never miss an episode! youtube.com/pbsorigins
And keep up with Rogue History and PBS Origins on:
Facebook: facebook.com/PBSDigitalStudios
Twitter: twitter.com/pbsds
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsds
00:00 Intro
00:43 Purpose of Sea Shanties
02:01 Pirates Used "Sing-outs" or Drum Cadences
02:42 Sea Songs for Entertainment
03:26 Sea Ballads as Storytelling
04:47 What Shanties May Have Actually Sounded Like
05:40 Influence of African Work Songs on Shanties
07:02 Music Helped Break Language Barriers
07:42 Antiphony in Contemporary Music
http://to.pbs.org/2022Survey
Why is the woman pirate Zheng Yi Sao not as well known as the male pirate Blackbeard? Zheng Yi Sao had a fleet of 1,200 ships at the height of her powers whereas Blackbeard had just four or five. From Anne Bonny to Zheng Yi Sao, join us as we explore the incredible and unsung stories of history’s most notorious women pirates.
*****
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateORIG
*****
Rogue History
Shaking off the barnacles from this wildly popular storytelling canon, this Pirates historical series is an enlightening voyage that unravels historical myths, unearths lost narratives, and discovers fresh perspectives. This is the pirate history you were never told.
Subscribe to PBS Origins so you never miss an episode! youtube.com/pbsorigins
And keep up with Rogue History and PBS Origins on:
Facebook: facebook.com/PBSDigitalStudios
Twitter: twitter.com/pbsds
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsds
Chapter Selection:
00:00 Intro
00:42 Pirate women defied expectations
01:10 Women were considered bad luck
01:50 Anne Bonny and Mary Read
02:39 Rachel Wall
03:14 The most vulnerable women aboard these ships
03:29 Zheng Yi Sao
04:26 Sayyida Al Hurra
05:33 Grace O Malley
06:22 Queen Teuta
07:05 The names we will never know
*****
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateORIG
*****
Rogue History
Shaking off the barnacles from this wildly popular storytelling canon, this Pirates historical series is an enlightening voyage that unravels historical myths, unearths lost narratives, and discovers fresh perspectives. This is the pirate history you were never told.
Subscribe to PBS Origins so you never miss an episode! youtube.com/pbsorigins
And keep up with Rogue History and PBS Origins on:
Facebook: facebook.com/PBSDigitalStudios
Twitter: twitter.com/pbsds
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsds
00:00 Intro
00:17 The Legend of the Larger-than-Life African Chieftain
00:43 What DO We Know about Black Caesar
01:23 Alliance with Blackbeard
02:45 Dozens of Other “Black Caesars”
03:59 Henri Caesar + Haitian Revolution
04:27 John Black Caesar the Bushranger
04:49 The Name Caesar is Rooted in the Ancient World
05:08 Black Caesar Had No Last Name in Trial Records
05:21 Questioning the Sources We Rely On
06:10 Why Did Black Pirates Join Crews in the First Place
*****
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateORIG
*****
Rogue History
Shaking off the barnacles from this wildly popular storytelling canon, this Pirates historical series is an irreverent and enlightening voyage that unravels historical myths, unearths lost narratives, and discover fresh perspectives. This is the pirate history you were never told.
Subscribe to PBS Origins so you never miss an episode! youtube.com/pbsorigins
And keep up with Rogue History and PBS Origins on:
Facebook: facebook.com/PBSDigitalStudios
Twitter: twitter.com/pbsds
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsds
00:00 Intro
00:05 The Mythology of Pirates
00:26 Pirates vs Privateers, Letters of Marque
02:31 The Golden Age of Piracy is a Fraction of the Full History of Pirates
04:06 Zheng Yi Sao was the Most Successful Pirate Ever
04:18 Depictions of Women in Piracy
04:45 BIPOC pirates
05:57 Pirates Relied on Native Populations to Survive
07:29 Why are Pirates Depicted as Heroes in Pop Culture?
Rogue History: Behind the Patch launches on October 13th right here on PBS Origins.
Made possible with funding from The Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
Ms. Marvel, a Pakistani American teenager named Kamala Khan, is the latest superhero to join the Marvel Universe. Her superpower? Family bangles that carry the strength and power of intergenerational knowledge passed down by her grandmother from Pakistan.
But a lot of the magic behind the bangles has been lost to time, war, and trauma. And Kamala has yet to learn how to control these forces. Based on real historical events, Kamala's family was forcibly displaced and lost loved ones during the Partition of India in 1947. After India gained independence, the British Crown drew new borders and divided the region into secular India and a new Muslim territory: Pakistan. As a result, South Asia experienced one of the largest refugee crises in modern history, one that continues to impact families today, including the family of Ms. Marvel.
So what can Ms. Marvel teach us about the impact of Partition on families and intergenerational trauma? And how does the superhero genre allow us to reckon with darker aspects of world history? We speak to one of the writers of Ms. Marvel, Fatimah Asghar, and the founder of the 1947 Partition Archive, Dr. Guneeta Singh Bhalla, about why retelling our history, in both fiction and nonfiction, is so important today.
Resources:
How ‘Ms. Marvel’ Put Partition on Screen. The Juggernaut.
thejuggernaut.com/ms-marvel-partition-episode
Ms. Marvel: The India-Pakistan trauma at the heart of the show. BBC.
bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62117924
The Great Divide: The violent legacy of the Indian Partition. The New Yorker.
newyorker.com/magazine/2015/06/29/the-great-divide-books-dalrymple
The 1947 Partition Archive.
1947partitionarchive.org
Watch the full oral stories of the 1947 Partition Archive participants:
Ravi Chopra: youtu.be/_5dyEjkzs_U
Ajit Cour: youtu.be/i8LFUFVHMhw
Ali Shan: youtube.com/watch?v=Lcx6O2Fltrc
Credits:
Director: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Consulting Producer: Danielle Bainbridge
Associate Producer: Mia Faske
On-camera appearances by: Fatimah Asghar, Guneeta Singh Bhalla
Written by: Mia Faske, Dolly Li, and Tien Nguyen
Voiceover by: Kiana Taylor
Director of Photography: Brian Inocencio
Gaffer: Bryce Holden
Online Editor: Travis Hatfield
Editor: Eurie Chung
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Motion Graphics: Travis Hatfield, Jonathan Gil
Research Assistant: Kiana Taylor
Makeup Artist: Tanosha Tee Johnson
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services & facilities provided by: Flash Cuts
Executive Producer for Flash Cuts: Eurie Chung
Executive Producers for CAAM: Stephen Gong, Donald Young
Supervising Producer for CAAM: Sapana Sakya
Coordinating Producer for CAAM: Czarina Garcia
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Additional Footage:
Alamy
British Pathé
Getty
NARA
The 1947 Partition Archive
Guests:
Fatimah Asghar
Guneeta Singh Bhalla
So what does “Running Up that Hill” tell us about the history of music royalties? How has Kate Bush been challenging the music industry since the 70s?
Resources:
Switch On Pop. Kate Bush, Stranger Things, and a hit song four decades in the making.
switchedonpop.com/episodes/kate-bush-running-up-that-hill-stranger-things
Amplified. The Most Unique Female Artist Ever? | Kate Bush Under Review
youtube.com/watch?v=2jaZOFFddng
Fortune. Kate Bush has now made $2.3 million from her 37-year-old song featured in ‘Stranger Things,’ according to one industry estimate.
fortune.com/2022/07/07/kate-bush-running-up-that-hill-stranger-things
Credits:
Director: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Consulting Producer: Danielle Bainbridge
Associate Producer: Mia Faske
On-camera appearances by: Julia Holter, Lucy O’Brien, and Nate Sloan
Written by: Dolly Li and Tien Nguyen
Voiceover by: Kiana Taylor
Director of Photography: Brian Inocencio
Gaffer: Seth MacMillan
Sound Mixer: Casey Minatrea
Online Editor: Travis Hatfield
Editor: Eurie Chung
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Motion Graphics: Jonathan Gil, Travis Hatfield
Research Assistant: Kiana Taylor
Makeup Artist: Shannon Trigger
Set Designer: Tori Laxalt
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services & facilities provided by: Flash Cuts
Executive Producer for Flash Cuts: Eurie Chung
Executive Producers for CAAM: Stephen Gong, Donald Young
Supervising Producer for CAAM: Sapana Sakya
Coordinating Producer for CAAM: Czarina Garcia
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Guests:
Julia Holter
Lucy O’Brien
Nate Sloan
Resources:
Letterboxd. A lesbian vampire film master list curated by Annie Rose-Malamet.
letterboxd.com/girlsgutsgiallo/list/lesbian-vampire-master-list
Monstrum. PBS’s series with Emily Zarka on monster mythology through oral storytelling, literature, and film.
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_lsQEz7yLOpq278N-4I72cTXlRE1kVUN
Girls, Guts, and Giallo. Annie Rose-Malamet’s podcast on subversive and controversial cinema.
podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/girls-guts-giallo/id1461424698
National Women’s History Museum. A brief overview on the history of second wave feminism.
womenshistory.org/exhibits/feminism-second-wave
them. An article on why we are still so obsessed with lesbian vampires.
them.us/story/lesbian-vampire-horror-movie-trope
Credits:
Director: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Consulting Producer: Danielle Bainbridge
Associate Producer: Mia Faske
On-camera appearances by: Annie Rose-Malamet, Emily Zarka
Written by: Mia Faske and Tien Nguyen
Voiceover by: Kiana Taylor
Director of Photography: Brian Inocencio
Gaffer: Seth MacMillan
Online Editor: Travis Hatfield
Editor: Eurie Chung
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Motion Graphics: Jonathan Gil, Travis Hatfield
Research Assistant: Kiana Taylor
Makeup Artist: Dawn Coleman
Set Designer: Tori Laxalt
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services & facilities provided by: Flash Cuts
Executive Producer for Flash Cuts: Eurie Chung
Executive Producers for CAAM: Stephen Gong, Donald Young
Supervising Producer for CAAM: Sapana Sakya
Coordinating Producer for CAAM: Czarina Garcia
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Special Thanks: Ricardo Leon
Guests:
Annie Rose Malamet
Emily Zarka
Resources:
Recording Artists and Music Professionals with Disabilities. RAMPD.
http://rampd.org/index.html
Black, Blind and Brilliant: 10 Musicians Who Overcame the Odds. Fee.
fee.org/articles/black-blind-and-brilliant-10-musicians-who-overcame-the-odds
He Was Born Into Slavery, but Achieved Musical Stardom. New York Times.
nytimes.com/2021/03/03/arts/music/thomas-wiggins-blind-tom-piano.html
Credits:
Director: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Consulting Producer: Danielle Bainbridge
On-camera appearances by: Danielle Bainbridge, Lachi
Written by: Danielle Bainbridge and Tien Nguyen
Voiceover by: Kiana Taylor
Director of Photography: Brian Inocencio
Gaffer: Seth MacMillan
Online Editor: Eurie Chung
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Motion Graphics: Jonathan Gil, Travis Hatfield
Research Assistant: Kiana Taylor
Makeup Artist: Dawn Coleman
Set Designer: Tori Laxalt
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services & facilities provided by: Flash Cuts
Executive Producer for Flash Cuts: Eurie Chung
Executive Producers for CAAM: Stephen Gong, Donald Young
Supervising Producer for CAAM: Sapana Sakya
Coordinating Producer for CAAM: Czarina Garcia
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Guests:
Danielle Bainbridge
Lachi
*****
PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateStoried
*****
A previous version of this video contained personal information in the background of a shot. We have blurred this in the new version of the episode.
Resources:
Abortion laws by state: Where abortions are illegal after Roe v. Wade overturned. Politico.
politico.com/news/2022/06/24/abortion-laws-by-state-roe-v-wade-00037695
Abortion Onscreen Database. Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH).
abortiononscreen.org
Abortion in Women’s Lives. Guttmacher Institute.
guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/pubs/2006/05/04/AiWL.pdf
The Economic Consequences of Being Denied an Abortion. National Bureau of Economic Research.
nber.org/papers/w26662
Abortion Surveillance, United State 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/ss/ss7009a1.htm?s_cid=ss7009a1_w
The effects of lack of abortion access. Turnaway Study. ansirh.org/research/ongoing/turnaway-study
Beal v. Doe Dissent: Forcing Poor Women To Have Children. Law Library - American Law and Legal Information.
law.jrank.org/pages/24700/Beal-v-Doe-Dissent-Forcing-Poor-Women-Have-Children.html
Credits:
Director: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Consulting Producer: Danielle Bainbridge
On-camera appearances by: Danielle Bainbridge, Eleanor Bergstein, Gretchen Sisson
Written by: Dolly Li and Tien Nguyen
Voiceover by: Kiana Taylor
Director of Photography: Brian Inocencio
Gaffer: Seth MacMillan
Camera Operator: Dylan Bergeson
Online Editor: Travis Hatfield
Editor: Eurie Chung
Motion Graphics: Jonathan Gil, Travis Hatfield
Research Assistant: Allen Cao, Kiana Taylor
Makeup Artist: Dawn Coleman
Set Designer: Tori Laxalt
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services & facilities provided by: Flash Cuts
Executive Producer for Flash Cuts: Eurie Chung
Executive Producers for CAAM: Stephen Gong, Donald Young
Supervising Producer for CAAM: Sapana Sakya
Coordinating Producer for CAAM: Czarina Garcia
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
This program is a production of Plum Studios and the Center for Asian American Media (CAAM).
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PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to: http://to.pbs.org/DonateORIG
*****
Join our special guests, Rutherford Falls writer, Taietsarón:sere ‘Tai’ Leclaire, and associate professor and author of “Picturing Indians: Native Americans in Film, 1941-1960s”, Liza Black, to trace the history of Native American representation and tell us how Hollywood has progressed from grotesque stereotypes to nuanced characters.
Resources:
KQED. Land Back: The Indigenous Fight to Reclaim Stolen Lands
kqed.org/education/535779/land-back-the-indigenous-fight-to-reclaim-stolen-lands
University of Nebraska Press. 2020. Picturing Indians; Native Americans in Film, 1941-1960.
https://www.nebraskapress.unl.edu/nebraska/9780803296800/
IllumiNative. A nonprofit initiative created to increase visibility of Native Nations.
illuminatives.org
Reclaiming Native Truth. A project to dispel American myth and misconceptions.
rnt.firstnations.org
Native Land Digital. Learn about the Indigenous history of the land you live on.
native-land.ca
Smithsonian National Museum of American Indian. Frequently Asked Questions about American Indians.
https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/faq/did-you-know#category-1
Credits:
Director: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Consulting Producer: Danielle Bainbridge
Associate Producer: Mia Faske
On-camera appearances by: Liza Black, Taietsarón:sere ‘Tai’ Leclaire
Written by: Dolly Li and Tien Nguyen
Voiceover by: Kiana Taylor
Director of Photography: Brian Inocencio
Online Editor & Motion Graphics: Travis Hatfield
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Additional Motion Graphics: Jonathan Gil
Research Assistant: Kiana Taylor
Makeup Artist: Dawn Coleman
Set Designer: Tori Laxalt
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services & facilities provided by: Flash Cuts
Executive Producer for Flash Cuts: Eurie Chung
Executive Producers for CAAM: Stephen Gong, Donald Young
Supervising Producer for CAAM: Sapana Sakya
Coordinating Producer for CAAM: Czarina Garcia
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Special Thanks: Illuminatives
This program is a production of Plum Studios and the Center for Asian American Media (CAAM).
Defining pansexuality can be tricky. Also, how do you distinguish between pan and bi? Come behind the scenes with special guests, Megan Townsend and Fran Tirado, along with our chief historian, Professor Danielle Bainbridge, as we discuss the multiplicity of pansexuality and the bi+ community.
Lesbian. Gay. Bisexual. All fabulous identities along with many more that are housed under the LGBTQIA+ community. And yet, in recent film and TV, there’s one identity that has been particularly visible: pansexuality. Professor Bainbridge along with special guests Megan Townsend and Fran Tirado take a look at the history of queer representation to tell us why pansexuality has become so popular.
Resources:
An Injustice! Mag. Etymological timeline of pansexual.
aninjusticemag.com/pansexual-an-etymological-timeline-d44fe2bb364
GLAAD. Where We Are on TV Report 2021-2022.
glaad.org/whereweareontv21
GLAAD. Resources for the LGBTQIA+ community compiled by GLAAD.
glaad.org/resourcelist
Credits:
Director: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Consulting Producer: Danielle Bainbridge
Associate Producer: Mia Faske
On-camera appearances by: Danielle Bainbridge, Fran Tirado, Megan Townsend
Written by: Dolly Li and Tien Nguyen
Voiceover by: Kiana Taylor
Director of Photography: Brain Inocencio
Online Editor & Motion Graphics: Travis Hatfield
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Additional Motion Graphics: Jonathan Gil
Researchers: Faith Petrie and Kiana Taylor
Makeup Artist: Dawn Coleman
Set Designer: Tori Laxalt
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services & facilities provided by: Flash Cuts
Executive Producer for Flash Cuts: Eurie Chung
Executive Producers for CAAM: Stephen Gong, Donald Young
Supervising Producer for CAAM: Sapana Sakya
Coordinating Producer for CAAM: Czarina Garcia
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
This program is a production of Plum Studios and the Center for Asian American Media (CAAM).
Resources:
Guardian. 'Forgotten by society' – how Chinese migrants built the transcontinental railroad.
theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/jul/18/forgotten-by-society-how-chinese-migrants-built-the-transcontinental-railroad
The International History Review. The Fear of ‘Yellow Peril’ and the Emergence of European Federalist Movement.
tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07075332.2017.1329751?journalCode=rinh20
National Archives. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882).
archives.gov/milestone-documents/chinese-exclusion-act#:~:text=In%20the%20spring%20of%201882,immigrating%20to%20the%20United%20States.
NPR. What's So 'Cringeworthy' About Long Duk Dong in 'Sixteen Candles'?
npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2015/02/06/384307677/whats-so-cringe-worthy-about-long-duk-dong-in-sixteen-candles
Wall Street Journal. ‘Fresh Off the Boat’ Tackles a 1980s Asian Caricature: Long Duk Dong.
wsj.com/articles/BL-SEB-91953
Credits:
Director: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Consulting Producer: Danielle Bainbridge
Associate Producer: Mia Faske
On-camera appearances by: Danielle Bainbridge, Adrian De Leon, and Phil Yu
Written by: Dolly Li and Tien Nguyen
Voiceover by: Kiana Taylor
Director of Photography: Brain Inocencio
Online Editor & Motion Graphics: Travis Hatfield
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Additional Motion Graphics: Jonathan Gil
Research Assistant: Kiana Taylor
Makeup Artist: Dawn Coleman
Set Designer: Tori Laxalt
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services & facilities provided by: Flash Cuts
Executive Producer for Flash Cuts: Eurie Chung
Executive Producers for CAAM: Stephen Gong, Donald Young
Supervising Producer for CAAM: Sapana Sakya
Coordinating Producer for CAAM: Czarina Garcia
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
This program is a production of Plum Studios and the Center for Asian American Media (CAAM).
Resources:
Britannica. Blaxploitation movies.
britannica.com/art/blaxploitation-movie
Polygon. The exact moment kung fu blew up in America.
polygon.com/22660909/kung-fu-movies-1970s
Guardian. The return of blaxploitation: why the time is right to bring back Shaft and Foxy Brown
theguardian.com/film/2018/jan/11/blaxploitation-shaft-foxy-brown-film
Cambridge University Press. 2002. The Cinema of Hong Kong: History, Arts, Identity.
Credits:
Director: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Consulting Producer: Danielle Bainbridge
Associate Producer: Mia Faske
On-camera appearances by: Danielle Bainbridge, Todd Boyd, Adrian De Leon
Written by: Dolly Li and Tien Nguyen
Voiceover by: Kiana Taylor
Director of Photography: Brain Inocencio
Online Editor & Motion Graphics: Travis Hatfield
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Additional Motion Graphics: Jonathan Gil
Research Assistant: Kiana Taylor
Makeup Artist: Dawn Coleman
Set Designer: Tori Laxalt
Fact-Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services & facilities provided by: Flash Cuts
Executive Producer for Flash Cuts: Eurie Chung
Executive Producers for CAAM: Stephen Gong, Donald Young
Supervising Producer for CAAM: Sapana Sakya
Coordinating Producer for CAAM: Czarina Garcia
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
This program is a production of Plum Studios and the Center for Asian American Media (CAAM).
Resources:
Cambridge University Press. Not just the same old show on my radio: An analysis of the role of radio in the diffusion of black music among whites in the south of the United States of America, 1920 to 1960.
cambridge.org/core/journals/popular-music/article/abs/not-just-the-same-old-show-on-my-radio-an-analysis-of-the-role-of-radio-in-the-diffusion-of-black-music-among-whites-in-the-south-of-the-united-states-of-america-1920-to-19601/44474BC5122012991B9EBF9290984986
Spinditty. WDIA: The First Black Radio Station in the U.S.
spinditty.com/industry/The-First-Black-Formatted-Radio-Station-in-the-United-States
The Journal of Human Resources. Speech Patterns and Racial Wage Inequality. https://eml.berkeley.edu/~webfac/moretti/e251_s09/grogger.pdf
Credits:
Director: Dolly Li
Producer: Tien Nguyen
Consulting Producer: Danielle Bainbridge
On-camera appearance by: Danielle Bainbridge
Written by: Dolly Li and Tien Nguyen
Voiceover by: Kiana Taylor
Director of Photography: Brian Inocencio
Online Editor & Motion Graphics: Travis Hatfield
Assistant Editor: Josaen Ronquillo
Motion Graphics: Jonathan Gil
Research Assistant: Kiana Taylor
Makeup Artist: Dawn Coleman
Set Designer: Tori Laxalt
Fact Checker: Yvonne McGreevy
Post-production services & facilities provided by: Flash Cuts
Executive Producer for Flash Cuts: Eurie Chung
Executive Producers for CAAM: Stephen Gong, Donald Young
Supervising Producer for CAAM: Sapana Sakya
Coordinating Producer for CAAM: Czarina Garcia
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
This program is a production of Plum Studios and the Center for Asian American Media (CAAM).
In each episode, our favorite historians and their friends give their take on a piece of pop culture to add context and perspective to our favorite media. We’ll unpack an iconic moment or phenomenon in movies, music, television, and more, from show business’s love of Blaccent to deep cuts from our favorite childhood cartoons.
Our show is curious, optimistic, and smart, and includes both explainers and conversations on topics that range from comical to controversial. Historian’s Take is hosted by a range of subject experts, including the creator of Origin of Everything, Dr. Danielle Bainbridge, and the co-hosts of A People’s History of Asian America, Dr. Adrian De Leon and Dolly Li.
Join us as we unpack our pop culture past to better understand our future. Make sure to subscribe so you never miss an episode!
Special thanks to all of our patrons over the years!
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
Music: APM
---
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Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Here in the United States, when we think about the term "slavery" we think about the transatlantic slave trade and the institution of chattel slavery. But this wasn't the only type of enslavement that took place in the Americas and the Caribbean. Today Danielle looks at the complicated history surrounding the European enslavement of Indigenous peoples.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson and Archivists Rachel Brice, Jafra D. Thomas, and Alex Hackman on Patreon!
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Follow us on...
Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsoriginofeverything/?hl=en
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
References:
un.org/en/observances/slavery-abolition-day
globalslaveryindex.org/2018/findings/highlights
news.un.org/en/story/2020/12/1079002
timeanddate.com/holidays/un/international-day-abolish-slavery
https://www.brandeis.edu/projects/fse/slavery/contemporary/essay-international-instruments.html
unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/glotip/Annex_II_-_Definition_and_mandate.pdf
newsweek.com/native-americans-were-kept-slaves-too-454023
dictionary.com/e/usa-names
pbs.org/race/000_About/002_04-background-02-04.htm
hmhbooks.com/shop/books/the-other-slavery/9780544947108
web.archive.org/web/20190620020336/latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-ca-jc-native-american-slavery-20160505-snap-story.html
nyupress.org/9780814736883/the-deepest-south
history.com/topics/black-history/slavery
thirteen.org/wnet/slavery/timeline/1641.html
nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/19/magazine/history-slavery-smithsonian.html
nyupress.org/9781583676639/the-apocalypse-of-settler-colonialism
britannica.com/topic/Western-colonialism
es.wikisource.org/wiki/Testamento_de_Isabel_la_Cat%C3%B3lica
history.com/this-day-in-history/pizarro-executes-last-inca-emperor
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encomienda
wams.nyhistory.org/early-encounters/spanish-colonies/life-on-the-encomienda
thoughtco.com/spains-american-colonies-encomienda-system-2136545
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Short_Account_of_the_Destruction_of_the_Indies
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Laws
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_legend_(Spain)
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/cover_story/2016/01/native_american_slavery_historians_uncover_a_chilling_chapter_in_u_s_history.html
thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pays-den-haut
utahindians.org/archives/paiutes/history.html
britannica.com/place/New-Mexico/Spanish-and-Mexican-rule
aljazeera.com/opinions/2018/12/27/how-native-americans-adopted-slavery-from-white-settlers
smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/how-native-american-slaveholders-complicate-trail-tears-narrative-180968339
↓ More info and sources below ↓
In 2014, writer Ta-Nehisi Coates’ article for The Atlantic “The Case for Reparations” went viral. Tracing everything from the racial terror of slavery to the rampant housing discrimination of the 20th century, Coates made the case for financial reparations for the descendants of those who were enslaved in the US. However, the argument for reparations extends back much further than 2014 and also has significance beyond the Black American community. Today Danielle talks about one of the most controversial topics moving through American politics for over 150 years.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson and Archivists Rachel Brice, Jafra D. Thomas, and Alex Hackman on Patreon! Join them at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Follow us on...
Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsoriginofeverything/?hl=en
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited:
theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/?gclid=CjwKCAjwiOv7BRBREiwAXHbv3Mr63Xv4JNVtK4oA2f3_r7aQEMWyoOjEdhcG6VWsQNXjnwLUWSAWohoCc8cQAvD_BwE
latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-02-mn-10514-story.html
theatlantic.com/education/archive/2020/06/atlantic-reader-race-and-racism-us/613057
newyorker.com/news/the-new-yorker-interview/ta-nehisi-coates-revisits-the-case-for-reparations
_____
Caste: The Origins of our Discontents Isabel Wilkerson
Torpey, J. (2006). Making whole what has been smashed: on reparation politics. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
history.com/news/reparations-slavery-native-americans-japanese-internment
nytimes.com/2019/06/19/us/reparations-slavery.html
wsj.com/articles/the-long-history-of-american-slavery-reparations-11568991623
theauthenticvoice.org/mainstories/tornfromtheland
washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/06/25/what-south-africa-can-teach-us-about-reparations
https://www.justice.gov.za/trc/
https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/katrinaforrester/files/forrester_reparations_history_and_the_origins_of_global_justice.pdf
nytimes.com/2019/06/18/us/politics/house-democrats-reparations.html
pbs.org/wnet/african-americans-many-rivers-to-cross/history/the-truth-behind-40-acres-and-a-mule
Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877
georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/shermans-field-order-no-15
http://www.freedmen.umd.edu/sfo15.htm
chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030213/1865-02-13/ed-1
congress.gov/bill/100th-congress/house-bill/442
doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/T-0810.pdf
http://plainshumanities.unl.edu/encyclopedia/doc/egp.law.021
nytimes.com/2012/11/18/world/europe/for-60th-year-germany-honors-duty-to-pay-holocaust-victims.html
washingtonpost.com/outlook/2019/06/25/what-south-africa-can-teach-us-about-reparations/#comments-wrapper
apnews.com/article/e9dd07eaa4e74052878a68132cd3803a
propublica.org/article/the-nations-first-reparations-package-to-survivors-of-police-torture-included-a-public-memorial-survivors-are-still-waiting
blackpast.org/african-american-history/special-field-orders-no-15
↓ More info and sources below ↓
With ongoing protests across the United States and the globe against law enforcement violence and extrajudicial killings of people in Black, brown, and impoverished communities, the world is contemplating the place of police in our society. Some argue for reforms, others for defunding, and others still for the complete abolition of police.
This isn't the first time any of these things have happened. Today, Danielle looks at policing, from its colonial night watch origins to the modern-day, as well as attempts to change the institution over time.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson and Archivists Rachel Brice, Jafra D. Thomas, and Alex Hackman on Patreon! Join them at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
This is only a partial Works Cited, full works here: docs.google.com/document/d/16s11fftt_CqwBqBr2suIFTgwNU334FQrhRLuuGkmWJM/edit
Works Referenced
nytimes.com/2020/08/12/us/gallup-poll-police.html
history.com/topics/black-history/black-codes
history.com/topics/american-civil-war/reconstruction
history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/jim-crow-laws
constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xiii
lawenforcementmuseum.org/2019/07/10/slave-patrols-an-early-form-of-american-policing
journals.openedition.org/chs/359
blogs.lse.ac.uk/humanrights/2020/08/12/racism-police-violence-and-mass-incarceration-the-legacies-of-slavery-and-segregation-in-the-united-states
taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780203955048/chapters/10.4324/9780203955048-9
insider.com/history-of-police-in-the-us-photos-2020-6
daily.jstor.org/the-origins-of-the-police
https://plsonline.eku.edu/sites/plsonline.eku.edu/files/the-history-of-policing-in-us.pdf
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_management
law.jrank.org/pages/11309/Wickersham-Commission.html
https://www.dartmouth.edu/library/Library_Bulletin/Nov1989/LB-N89-VClose2.html
spartacus-educational.com/USAmooneycase.htm
http://www.lexisnexis.com/documents/academic/upa_cis/1965_WickershamCommPt1.pdf
ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=47846
babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015007683744&view=1up&seq=934
time.com/4779112/police-history-origins
https://plsonline.eku.edu/insidelook/brief-history-slavery-and-origins-american-policing
theconversation.com/the-racist-roots-of-american-policing-from-slave-patrols-to-traffic-stops-112816
npr.org/2020/06/05/871083599/the-history-of-police-in-creating-social-order-in-the-u-s
newyorker.com/magazine/2020/07/20/the-invention-of-the-police
time.com/5848368/george-floyd-police-reform-failures
architecturaldigest.com/story/police-reform-community-services
ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=42802
yalelawjournal.org/essay/police-reform-and-the-dismantling-of-legal-estrangement
thenation.com/article/society/police-reform-defund-iacp
equaljusticesociety.org/defundthepolicememo
theweek.com/articles/919055/short-history-abolishing-police
link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10612-018-9400-4
theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/07/how-i-became-police-abolitionist/613540
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/n870zx04f
cruxnow.com/church-in-the-usa/2020/06/panelists-with-police-abolition-come-added-corrective-societal-measures
inquirer.com/opinion/commentary/police-abolish-criminal-justice-reform-20200102.html
tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10282580.2017.1383773
washingtonpost.com/video/national/george-floyds-death-became-a-symbol-for-racial-injustice-racism-also-played-a-role-in-his-life/2020/10/13/e89e2f90-fa7d-43ea-9cd4-f9c270e73bb9_video.html
pbs.org/newshour/nation/fbi-white-supremacists-in-law-enforcement
theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/27/white-supremacists-militias-infiltrate-us-police-report
theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/aug/28/fbi-far-right-white-supremacists-police
brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/hidden-plain-sight-racism-white-supremacy-and-far-right-militancy-law
8cantwait.org
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Checkout Overview on PBS Terra! youtube.com/watch?v=HnOajuolHWI
Black Mental Health Matters: blackmentalhealthmatters.carrd.co/#resources\
You're probably aware that the United States healthcare system is letting down many Black Americans. Today, Danielle looks at the historic reasons for distrust of medical establishment in the Black community as well as why these huge health disparities still exist.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson and Archivists Rachel Brice, Jafra D. Thomas, and Alex Hackman on Patreon! Join them at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
WORKS CITED:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Racial and Ethnic Disparities Continue in Pregnancy-Related Deaths.” September 5, 2019. Accessed September 5, 2020. cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/p0905-racial-ethnic-disparities-pregnancy-deaths.html
Eberhardt, Jennifer. Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. New York: Viking, 2019.
Flanders-Stephans. “Alarming Racial Differences in Maternal Mortality.” The Journal of Perinatal Education. 2000 Spring: 9 (2): 50-51. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1595019
Goody, Maria “Black Medicare Patients with COVID-19 Nearly 4 Times as Likely to End Up in Hospital.” NPR. June 22, 2020. npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/22/881886733/black-medicare-patients-with-covid-19-nearly-4-times-as-likely-to-end-up-in-hosp
Gourdine, Michelle A. “Racial Health Disparities in America.” African American Studies, Current Affairs, Health and Medicine, reprinted in Yale University Press Blog. June 29, 2020. . http://blog.yalebooks.com/2020/06/29/racial-health-disparities-in-america/?fbclid=IwAR0PFR6ajESeVMf0pARCv3KC-FiKTeJDr40B2MmouPOGzgfyFp0CpX_VPXs
Johns Hopkins Medicine. “The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks.” hopkinsmedicine.org/henriettalacks
Kashef, Ziba. “Study Finds Racial Disparities in Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain.” Yale News. August 20, 2018. Accessed September 5, 2020. https://news.yale.edu/2018/08/20/study-finds-racial-disparities-prescribing-opioids-chronic-pain
Mahon, Suzanne. “The Story of Henrietta Lacks Sheds Light on Ethical Considerations in Genetic Testing.” Oncology Nursing Society. April 28, 2017. Accessed September 5, 2020. voice.ons.org/stories/the-story-of-henrietta-lacks-sheds-light-on-ethical-considerations-in-genetic-testing
Noguchi, Yuki. “‘Bear Our Pain’: The Plea for More Black Mental Health Workers.” “Morning Edition,’ NPR. June 25, 2020. npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/25/877549715/bear-our-pain-the-plea-for-more-black-mental-health-workers?utm_campaign=npr&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_term=nprnews&utm_medium=social
Novoa, Cristina and Jamila Taylor. “Exploring African Americans’ High Maternal and Infant Death Rates.” Center for American Progress. February 1, 2018. Accessed September 5, 2020. americanprogress.org/issues/early-childhood/reports/2018/02/01/445576/exploring-african-americans-high-maternal-infant-death-rates
Rabin, Roni Caryn. “Huge Racial Disparities Found in Deaths Linked to Pregnancy.” The New York Times. May 7, 2019. Accessed September 5, 2020. nytimes.com/2019/05/07/health/pregnancy-deaths-.html
Roberts, Dorothy E. Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, And The Meaning Of Liberty. New York: Pantheon Books, 1997.
Sabin, Janice A. “How We Fail Black Patients in Pain.” Association of American Medical Colleges. January 6, 2020. Accessed September 5, 2020. aamc.org/news-insights/how-we-fail-black-patients-pain
Skloot, Rebecca. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. New York: Crown Publishers, 2010.
Thomas, Karen Kruse. Deluxe Jim Crow: Civil Rights and American Health Policy, 1935-1954. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2011).
Wyatt, Ronald. “Pain and Ethnicity.” American Medical Association Journal of Ethics. May 2013. Accessed September 5, 2020. journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/pain-and-ethnicity/2013-05
Zarafsky, Marc. “Why African American Communities are being Hit Hard by COVID-19.” American Medical Association. May 13, 2020. Accessed September 5, 2020. ama-assn.org/delivering-care/population-care/why-african-american-communities-are-being-hit-hard-covid-19
↓ More info and sources below ↓
John Adams warned us. George Washington begged us not to. Despite numerous warnings, here we are on the cusp of the 2020 election with two major parties locked in a perpetual struggle for power. Today Danielle looks at the emergence of the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans shortly after the United States's foundation and how these early parties evolved into the Two-Party System of the Democratic and Republican parties we know today.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson and Archivists Rachel Brice, Jafra D. Thomas, and Alex Hackman on Patreon! Join them at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
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Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited
loc.gov/exhibits/creating-the-united-states/formation-of-political-parties.html
questia.com/library/politics-and-government/political-science/political-parties/political-parties-in-america
ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=15&page=transcript
Handbook of Party Politics Ed. Richard S Katz and William Crotty
Steadfast Democrats: How Social Forces Shape Black Political Behavior Ismail K. White & Chryl N. Laird
Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop: The Case for Multiparty Democracy in America Lee Drutman
pewresearch.org/topics/political-polarization
pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/09/18/few-trump-or-biden-supporters-have-close-friends-who-back-the-opposing-candidate
theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/01/two-party-system-broke-constitution/604213
history.com/news/founding-fathers-political-parties-opinion
history.com/news/george-washington-farewell-address-warnings?li_source=LI&li_medium=m2m-rcw-history
history.com/topics/british-history/glorious-revolution
Epstein, Leon(1967)Political Parties in Western Democracies. New York: Praeger.
Huckshorn, R. Jack. (1980). Political parties in America. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press.
Borus, György. "POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE YEARS BEFORE AND AFTER THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION." Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies (HJEAS) 13, no. 1/2 (2007): 121-30. Accessed September 29, 2020.
youtube.com/watch?v=VEmOUHxessE
youtube.com/watch?v=s8VOM8ET1WU
youtube.com/watch?v=Z6R0NvVr164
↓ More info and sources below ↓
America's last major epidemic was the HIV/AIDS crisis of 1980s and 1990s. In order to better understand our current circumstances, Danielle is looking back at the legacies of action and inaction surrounding HIV/AIDS and how the government's response then informs our approach to COVID-19 now.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson and Archivists Rachel Brice and Jafra D. Thomas on Patreon! Join them at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Below is a partial Works Cited. For the full list please visit: docs.google.com/document/d/1iwj8YTAje5TqYeUS-I0GpYi0SbBlGCKlRbQCuIKMjxM/edit?usp=sharing
(Partial) Works Cited:
vanityfair.com/news/2015/11/reagan-administration-response-to-aids-crisis
hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/using-hiv-medication-to-reduce-risk/pre-exposure-prophylaxis
hiv.gov/tasp (treatment as prevention)
blackqueerlove.org/words/vital-signs
“For My Own Protection” From: Life. A Black Gay Anthology Ed. Joseph Beam
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_Hemphill
http://www.qrd.org/qrd/www/culture/black/articles/essex.html
the-scientist.com/foundations/demonstrating-discontent-may-21-1990-31227
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACT_UP
npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/02/09/689924838/how-to-demand-a-medical-breakthrough-lessons-from-the-aids-fight
https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/11/121451/then-and-now-how-nurses-shaped-care-hivaids-patients#:~:text=Nurses%20played%20a%20crucial%20role,were%20scared%20and%20extremely%20ill.
goodmorningamerica.com/wellness/story/nurse-cared-aids-patients-1980s-epidemic-explains-fight-63970606
https://scienceofcaring.ucsf.edu/patient-care/unbroken-chain-three-decades-hivaids-nursing
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAMES_Project_AIDS_Memorial_Quilt
time.com/3763875/ryan-white-history
history.com/this-day-in-history/ryan-white-dies-hiv-aids
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Glaser
arktimes.com/news/cover-stories/2015/01/08/ruth-coker-burks-the-cemetery-angel
anothermag.com/art-photography/11474/david-wojnarowicz-photography-film-exhibition-kw-institute-art-berlin-2019 (Silence = Death)
economist.com/1843/2019/06/13/how-keith-harings-art-forced-us-to-talk-about-aids
theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/aug/23/keith-haring-ignorance-equals-fear
forbes.com/sites/davidalm/2019/02/05/marlon-riggs-icon-of-queer-and-black-cinema-celebrated-in-brooklyn
cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/race-ethnicity.html
apmresearchlab.org/covid/deaths-by-race
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/06/16/race-gaps-in-covid-19-deaths-are-even-bigger-than-they-appear/#:~:text=Ratio%20of%20death%20rates,-35%2D44%20years&text=Whites%20comprise%2062%25%20of%20people,and%201%2C698%20Hispanic%2FLatino%20people.
theguardian.com/world/2018/jun/01/silent-epidemic-black-gay-men-in-us-face-50-50-risk-of-hiv
today.com/video/meet-the-cemetery-angel-ruth-coker-burks-provided-end-of-life-care-to-over-1000-aids-patients-62109765512
hivplusmag.com/activism/2018/7/09/woman-who-cared-hundreds-abandoned-gay-men-dying-aids
arktimes.com/news/cover-stories/2015/01/08/ruth-coker-burks-the-cemetery-angel
thenation.com/article/archive/mike-pence-is-still-to-blame-for-an-hiv-outbreak-in-indiana-but-for-new-reasons
npin.cdc.gov/pages/hiv-and-aids-timeline
time.com/4585537/world-aids-day-hiv
cdc.gov/hiv/group/racialethnic/africanamericans/index.html
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S002796841531172X
healio.com/news/infectious-disease/20120225/hiv-more-prevalent-among-black-msm-despite-fewer-risk-behaviors
webmd.com/hiv-aids/ss/slideshow-celebrities-hiv-aids
avert.org/professionals/history-hiv-aids/overview
healthline.com/health/celebrities-with-hiv#1
poz.com/article/4h-club
https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/13-05-2020-unodc-who-unaids-and-ohchr-joint-statement-on-covid-19-in-prisons-and-other-closed-settings
themarshallproject.org/2020/05/14/i-survived-prison-during-the-aids-epidemic-here-s-what-it-taught-me-about-coronavirus
Share your story today: to.pbs.org/3izZeXh
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Language is constantly changing and ethnonyms are no exception. From "Negro" to "Colored" and "African American" to "Black," the people and cultures of African origin living in the United States have had many names. Today Danielle looks at the etymology and reclamation surrounding Black history and identity.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson and Archivists Rachel Brice, Mathilda Murray, and Jafra D. Thomas on Patreon! Join them at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
If you liked this episode, you'd love Say It Loud, a series hosted by Evelyn from the Internets and Hallease that celebrates Black culture, context, and history. Check out their episode "Are you 'Black' or 'African American?'": youtube.com/watch?v=WDJsC_Fwcvk
---
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Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
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Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited:
The New York Times Company. 2020. Uppercasing ‘Black’ | The New York Times Company.
Quander, M. and Froneberger, L., 2020. Black Vs. African-American: The Complex Conversation Black Americans Are Having About Identity #Fortheculture.
Bionews.org.uk. 2020. Africa Is Most Genetically Diverse Continent, DNA Study Shows - Bionews.
Field Museum. 2020. Cultures Of Africa: Research.
Sahistory.org.za. 2020. Africa: What’S In A Name? | South African History Online.
Encyclopedia.com. 2020. Divide And Rule: The Legacy Of Roman Imperialism | Encyclopedia.Com.
Johnson, E., 2020. KEYWORDS FOR AMERICAN CULTURAL STUDIES. 2nd ed. [S.l.]: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS, p.30.
Keywords.nyupress.org. 2020. Black | Keywords For American Cultural Studies, Second Edition.
Z., C., 2020. “Black: A Word Of Difficult History” | "Black" Tracking, Looking Forward.
Www2.ccsu.edu. 2020. Toward A Philosophy Of Race: W.E.B Du Bois And Critical Race - Vol 1,
Number 2, Special Edition Winter/Spring 2020 - African American Studies Journal - CCSU Newsletter.
"Books Noted". Negro Digest: 52. June 1964.
New Leadership into the 21St Century By Yahya ibn Shabazz
SNCC Digital Gateway. 2020. Stokely Carmichael - SNCC Digital Gateway.
Encyclopedia Britannica. 2020. Black Panther Party | History, Ideology, & Facts.
Ben L. Martin. Political Science Quarterly. Vol. 106, No. 1 (Spring, 1991), pp. 83-107
Nytimes.com. 2020. A Debate Over Identity And Race Asks, Are African-Americans ‘Black’ Or ‘Black’?.
McWhorter, J., 2020. Is 'Colored People' A Slur?.
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Take the PBS Digital Studios annual survey: http://to.pbs.org/2020survey
"Socialism" is one of THE most divisive words in America and it has been for a long time. With Democratic Socialism gaining more and more popularity, Danielle takes a look back at the long history of Socialism in America. From the Utopian Socialist communities of the 19th century to the labor strikes and Anarchist Bombings of 1919 that helped fuel the Red Scare, we explore America's complicated history with Socialism.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson and Archivists Rachel Brice, Mathilda Murray, and Jafra D. Thomas on Patreon! Join them at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Follow us on...
Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsoriginofeverything/?hl=en
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
WORKS CITED:
newyorker.com/news/dispatch/the-many-tangled-american-definitions-of-socialism
Eugene V. Debs: Citizen and Socialist Nick Salvatore
Socialism and America Irving Howe
time.com/5762312/bernie-sanders-socialism-america
facebook.com/time/videos/the-history-of-socialism-in-america/601443120433348
history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/socialism
npr.org/2020/03/18/817837651/american-socialist
nytimes.com/2019/06/12/us/politics/democratic-socialism-facts-history.html
news.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/243362/meaning-socialism-americans-today.aspx
youtu.be/v4zzU67y9EU
smithsonianmag.com/history/socialist-revolution-oklahoma-crushed-green-corn-rebellion-180973073
pbs.org/newshour/politics/socialism-united-states-moment
nymag.com/strategist/article/best-socialism-books.html
history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/socialism
history.com/news/5-19th-century-utopian-communities-in-the-united-states
washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/05/what-is-socialism
businessinsider.com/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-explains-what-democratic-socialism-means-2019-3
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Check out How to Vote in Every State! http://www.youtube.com/howtovoteineverystate
Laws are intended to maintain order and promote justice, but what happens when those laws promote and spread discrimination and bigotry? Today Danielle analyzes the homophobic history of US law, tracing its origins in colonialism all the way to present-day court cases like Obergefell v. Hodges. This is the second video in our examination of legal discrimination in the United States.
Special thanks to our Historians Harry Brisson and Melanie-Antonietta Brown and Archivists Rachel Brice, Mathilda Murray, and Jafra D. Thomas on Patreon!
Join them at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Follow us on...
Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsoriginofeverything/?hl=en
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited:
Queer (In)Justice: The Criminalization of LGBT People in the United States by Andrea Ritchie, Joey L. Mogul, and Kay Whitlock
From the Closet to the Courtroom Carlos A. Ball and Michael Bronski
The Deviant’s War: The Homosexual vs. The United States of America Eric Cervini
Black on Both Sides: A Racial History of Trans Identity C. Riley Snorton
nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/gay-transgender-workers-supreme-court.html
supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/17-1618_hfci.pdf
time.com/5554531/equality-act-lgbt-rights-trump
vox.com/2015/4/22/8465027/lgbt-nondiscrimination-laws
Race, Gender and Punishment: From Colonialism to the War on Terror ed. Mary Bosworth and Jeanne Flavin
Chapter 11: “Latina Imprisonment and the War on Drugs” Juanita Diaz-Cotto
The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America Richard Rothstein
Arresting Citizenship: The Democratic Consequences of American Crime Control Vesla Weaver and Amy E. Lerman
Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide Andrea Smith
The Delectable Negro: Human Consumption and Homoeroticism within US Slave Culture Vincent Woodard
nytimes.com/2019/06/19/us/legal-history-lgbtq-rights-timeline.html
thenation.com/article/archive/we-colonials-sodomy-laws-america
Dishonorable Passions: Sodomy Laws in America 1861-2003 William N. Eskridge Jr.
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Check out Self-Evident on PBS Voices: youtu.be/bo9GwCPIMF4
Will we ever shake hands again?! With the current state of the world, no one can really say. But that got us wondering... why do we shake hands in the first place? Today, Danielle traces the history of the handshake from Babylonia and the early Greeks to the present.
Special thanks to our Historians Harry Brisson and
Melanie-Antonietta Brown and Archivist Rachel Brice on Patreon!
Join them at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Follow us on...
Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsoriginofeverything/?hl=en
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the untold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited:
Albrecht, Karl. “The Art (And Psychology) of the Handshake.” Psychology Today. June 10, 2017.
psychologytoday.com/us/blog/brainsnacks/201706/the-art-and-psychology-the-handshake
Andrews, Evan. “The History of the Handshake.” History.com. Updated, March 16, 2020.
history.com/news/what-is-the-origin-of-the-handshake
Carey, Mathew. “A Short Account of the Malignant Fever Lately Prevalent in Philadelphia with a Statement of the Proceedings That took place on the subject, in different parts of the United States To which are added, Accounts of the Plague in London and Marseilles; and a list of the Dead From August 1, to the middle of December, 1793.” Philadelphia, Mathew Carey Publisher: 1794.
http://www.usgwarchives.net/pa/philadelphia/history/yellowfever1793.pdf
Cohen, Jennifer. “Seven Super Revealing Things Your Handshake Says About You.” Forbes. June 2, 2015.
forbes.com/sites/jennifercohen/2015/06/02/7-super-revealing-things-your-handshake-says-about-you/#5f3d8180443d
“Coin: Museum number R.8153.” 128-132 AD. The British Museum Online.
britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_R-8153
Garber, Megan. “Good Riddance to the Handshake: A Terrible Custom is Gone for Good. Halleluja.” The Atlantic. May 11, 2020.
theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2020/05/good-riddance-handshake/611404
Given, Leila I. “The Bacterial Significance of the Handshake.” The American Journal of Nursing Vol. 29, No. 3 (Mar., 1929), pp. 254-256. jstor.org/stable/3408961
Gunia, Amy. “’I Don’t Think We Should Ever Shake Hands Again.’ Dr. Fauci Says Coronavirus Should Change Some Behaviors for Good.” Time.com. April 9, 2020.
time.com/5818134/anthony-fauci-never-shake-hands-coronavirus/--
Hartley, Florence. The Ladies’ Book of Etiquette, and Manual of Politeness. Boston: G. W. Cottrell, 1860.
gutenberg.org/files/35123/35123-h/35123-h.htm
The Holy Bible: King James Version. King James Bible Online, 2020. kingjamesbibleonline.org/Matthew-25-41
Homer, The Iliad. Samuel Butler, transl. Internet Classics Archive. http://classics.mit.edu/Homer/iliad.html
Homer, The Odyssey. Samuel Butler, transl. Internet Classics Archive.
http://classics.mit.edu/Homer/odyssey.html
Klein, Christopher. “8 Historic Handshakes.” History.com, Updated, March 16, 2020.
history.com/news/8-historic-handshakes
Mayo Clinic News Network. “Experts: Handshakes Should Stop Even After Coronavirus.” Boston Herald. April 16, 2020.
bostonherald.com/2020/04/16/experts-handshakes-should-stop-even-after-coronavirus
“Shalmaneser III and Marduk-Zakir-Shumi I.” c. 858–842 BC. AKG-Images.
akg-images.co.uk/archive/-2UMDHUW533RR.html
Stiepan, Dee Dee. “Is Covid-19 the End of the Handshake as we Know It?” Mayo Clinic News Network. April 13, 2020.
newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/is-covid-19-the-end-of-the-handshake-as-we-know-it
Strochlic, Nina. “Why Do We Touch Others So Much? A History of the Handshake Offers Clues.” National Geographic Society. March 12, 2020.
nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/03/why-touch-others-history-handshake-offers-clues/#close
“Unknown Maker Grave Stele.” 400 BC. The Getty Collection Online.
http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/objects/10752/unknown-maker-grave-stele-of-philoxenos-with-his-wife-philoumene-greek-attic-about-400-bc/
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Laws are intended to maintain order and promote justice, but what happens when those laws promote and spread discrimination and bigotry? Today Danielle analyzes the discriminatory history US law, tracing its origins in colonialism and chattel slavery up through the Jim Crow era and today's mass incarceration.
Special thanks to our Historians Harry Brisson and
Melanie-Antonietta Brown and Archivist Rachel Brice on Patreon!
Join them at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Follow us on...
Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsoriginofeverything/?hl=en
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited:
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness Michelle Alexander
Queer (In)Justice: The Criminalization of LGBT People in the United States by Andrea Ritchie, Joey L. Mogul, and Kay Whitlock
Race, Gender and Punishment: From Colonialism to the War on Terror ed. Mary Bosworth and Jeanne Flavin
Chapter 1: “Situating Colonialism, Race, and Punishment.” Geeta Chowdhry and Mark Beeman
Chapter 11: “Latina Imprisonment and the War on Drugs” Juanita Diaz-Cotto
Class, race, gender and crime: The social realities of justice in America Gregg Barak
nytimes.com/2020/06/25/opinion/race-wage-gap.html?searchResultPosition=8
Thinking about Crime: Sense and Sensibility in American Penal Culture Michael Tonry
Gender and Jim Crow: Women and the Politics of White Supremacy in North Carolina 1896-1920 Glenda Gilmore
The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America Richard Rothstein
Arresting Citizenship: The Democratic Consequences of American Crime Control Vesla Weaver and Amy E. Lerman
Culture and Imperialism Edward Said
The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow (PBS Documentary)
thirteen.org/wnet/jimcrow/about.html
Mary Ellen Curtis Black Prisoners and Their World, Alabama, 1865-1900
Angela Davis Are Prisons Obsolete?
nytimes.com/2007/11/15/opinion/15thu3.html#:~:text=In%20what's%20known%20as%20the,weight%20of%20a%20candy%20bar.&text=Congress%20compounded%20the%20inequity%20by,even%20for%20first%2Dtime%20offenders.
aclu.org/issues/criminal-law-reform/drug-law-reform/fair-sentencing-act
census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219
America’s Enduring Caste System https://nyti.ms/2CZ8PHF
sentencingproject.org/publications/color-of-justice-racial-and-ethnic-disparity-in-state-prisons/#IV.%20Drivers%20of%20Disparity
↓ More info and sources below ↓
The first thing to pop into your mind when you hear "Latino" is probably people from Latin America - places like Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, etc. But where exactly did the history of that word come from, and has it always meant Central America and South America as well as the Caribbean? Today Danielle traces the origin of the term "Latino" and the debates that still surround it as well as the term "Hispanic" and "Latinx."
Special thanks to our Historians Harry Brisson and
Melanie-Antonietta Brown and our Archivist Rachel Brice on Patreon! Join them at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Follow us on...
Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsoriginofeverything/?hl=en
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited:
Aatsp.org. (2020). Hispania - AATSP. [online] Available at: aatsp.org/page/Hispania
Anwar, Y. (2020). I say Hispanic. You say Latino. How did the whole thing start?. [online] Berkeley News. Available at: https://news.berkeley.edu/2014/04/29/hispanic-label/
archive.org/details/encyclopediaofap0000unse/page/634
Brammer, J., Schwartz, M., Beard, D., Szegedy-Maszak, M., Harris, M., Corn, D., Leber, R., Breland, A. and Echavarri, F. (2020). Digging into the messy history of "Latinx" helped me embrace my complex identity. [online] Mother Jones. Available at: motherjones.com/media/2019/06/digging-into-the-messy-history-of-latinx-helped-me-embrace-my-complex-identity
De La Torre, M. (2009). Hispanic American religious cultures. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO.
Encyclopedia.com. (2020). Latium | Encyclopedia.com. [online] Available at: encyclopedia.com/places/spain-portugal-italy-greece-and-balkans/italian-political-geography/latium
Encyclopedia Britannica. (2020). Romance languages | Description, Origin, Characteristics, Map, & Facts. [online] Available at: britannica.com/topic/Romance-languages
Espinosa, A. (2020). The Term Latin America. 3rd ed. [ebook] HISPANIA. Available at: jstor.org/stable/pdf/331596.pdf
Merriam-webster.com. (2020). 'Latinx' And Gender Inclusivity. [online] Available at: merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/word-history-latinx
NACLA. (2020). Reinventing Identity. [online] Available at: nacla.org/article/reinventing-identity
Turner-Trujillo, E., Toro, M., Ramos, A. and Turner-Trujillo, E. (2020). An Overview of Latino and Latin American Identity. [online] The Getty Iris. Available at: https://blogs.getty.edu/iris/an-overview-of-latino-and-latin-american-identity/
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Check out Prideland on PBS Voices: youtu.be/xdqZnWYCB4s
June is Pride Month and if not for coronavirus streets around the world would be filled with the LGBTQIA Community living loud and proud. But how did the New York City Stonewall Riots turn into a month-long celebration? And specifically, how did we get from picketed protests like the Annual Reminder in Philadelphia to massive parades and parties around the world?
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson on Patreon! Join him at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
#pride #stonewall #lgbtq
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Origin of Everything is a show about the under-told histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited:
Downs, J., 2020. Before Stonewall, There Was A Bookstore. [online] The Atlantic.
Encyclopedia Britannica. 2020. Stonewall Riots | Definition, Significance, & Facts.
Global Network of Sex Work Projects. 2020. Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries Found STAR House.
History.com. 2020. [online] Available at: history.com/news/stonewall-riots-timeline.
Lang, N., 2020. It's Time Black And Brown People Be Included In The Pride Flag. [online] them.
Newman, K., 2020. These Cities Hadn’t Celebrated Pride - Until Now. [online] US News.
Nytimes.com. 2020. The First New York Pride March Was An Act Of ‘Desperate Courage’.
Nytimes.com. 2020. Two Transgender Activists Are Getting A Monument In New York.
Ohiohistorycentral.org. 2020. Civil Rights Movement - Ohio History Central.
Philadelphiaencyclopedia.org. 2020. Encyclopedia Of Greater Philadelphia | Reminder Days.
amazon.com/Pride-Parades-Parade-Changed-World/dp/1479869546
Sargeant, F., Archives, T., Willis, E., Flaherty, J., Ferrandino, R., Fischer, A. and Riley, C., 2020. 1970: A First-Person Account Of The First Gay Pride March | The Village Voice.
Sarrubba, S., 2020. These Are The Places Where Pride Parades Were Banned. [online] Gay Star News.
Web.archive.org. 2020. Thirteen/WNET - Online Pressroom - Press Release.
WEHOville. 2020. L.A. Pride: How The World's First Pride Parade Got Its Start - Wehoville.
↓ More info and sources below ↓
We're all familiar with the haunting images of the concentration camps of World War II. But the history of those concentration camps extends back to the late 19th. century and the invention of barbed wire and repeating rifle [see Editor's Note below]. Today Danielle looks at the grim origin of concentration and internment camps and the various countries (including Spain, Great Britain, and the United States), who used similar tactic long before the Nazi Regime.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson on Patreon! Join him at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
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Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
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Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Editor’s Note (Sept. 15, 2022): The rifles described in this episode, which are now commonly referred to as repeating rifles, were a precursor to modern-day automatic rifles.
Works Cited:
General History
smithsonianmag.com/history/concentration-camps-existed-long-before-Auschwitz-180967049
Iain R. Smith & Andreas Stucki (2011) The Colonial Development of Concentration Camps (1868–1902), The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 39:3, 417-437, DOI: 10.1080/03086534.2011.598746 (tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03086534.2011.598746)
Chambers-Letson, Joshua Takano. A Race so Different: Performance and Law in Asian America. New York University Press, 2013.
theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/27/auschwitz-short-history-liberation-concentration-camp-holocaust
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/liberation_camps_01.shtml
smithsonianmag.com/history/us-confiscated-half-billion-dollars-private-property-during-wwi-180952144
history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/spanish-american-war
theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/06/a-brief-history-of-the-assault-rifle/489428
history.com/this-day-in-history/joseph-glidden-applies-for-a-patent-on-his-barbed-wire-design
history.com/topics/inventions/firearms
nps.gov/ande/learn/historyculture/history-legal-status-pows.htm
history.com/topics/world-war-ii/auschwitz
smithsonianmag.com/history/injustice-japanese-americans-internment-camps-resonates-strongly-180961422
‘Absolutely No Mercy’: Leaked Files Expose How China Organized Mass Detentions of Muslims https://nyti.ms/379s0ch
Aung San Suu Kyi Defends Myanmar Against Rohingya Genocide Accusations https://nyti.ms/36pxA9q
In Myanmar Army’s Corner, Aung San Suu Kyi Will Defend It in Rohingya Genocide Case https://nyti.ms/2YABF7H
poynter.org/ethics-trust/2020/why-we-should-stop-saying-japanese-americans-were-interned-in-world-war-ii
huffpost.com/entry/fdr-called-them-concentration-camps-why-terminology_b_58a7f3b6e4b026a89a7a2b73
densho.org
Valeriano Weyler
nytimes.com/1910/08/14/archives/gen-weylers-book-justifies-our-intervention-in-cuba-my-command-in.html?searchResultPosition=8
nytimes.com/1898/05/03/archives/gen-weyler-unrelenting-he-is-quoted-as-saying-he-has-lost-no-sleep.html?searchResultPosition=4
nytimes.com/1910/08/06/archives/weylers-career-in-cuba-his-reconcentrado-plan-did-much-to-bring-on.html?searchResultPosition=3
Arsenio Martínez Campos
nybooks.com/articles/2001/10/18/a-history-of-horror
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Humanity didn't always know about the invisible viruses, bacteria, and microbes that can cause disease. But that doesn't mean we didn't come up with some truly bizarre ideas. From the four humors and miasma theory to bloodletting and trepanation (aka literally drilling holes in people's heads), Danielle traces humanity's winding road to the Germ Theory of Disease that revolutionized the medical profession.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson on Patreon! Join him at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
#GermTheory #LouisPasteur #MedicalHistory
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Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
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Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited can be found here: docs.google.com/document/d/1AvGRmCFXhVWpiUWx4LutqIV7bU8K-nlfjCRZYJrX5sc/edit?usp=sharing
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Check out Antarctic Extremes on PBS Terra: youtube.com/channel/UCpxYSWgxVt3Pyn1ovXsGQ0g
2020 marks 100 years of National Suffrage for women in the United States! Today Danielle looks back on the long road to ratification for the 19th Amendment. She explains how the Seneca Falls Convention wasn't seen as important at the time and how some of the most famous suffragists of the time (Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton) wrote a whole history book to ensure they were remembered.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson on Patreon! Join him at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
#19thAmendment #Suffrage
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Works Cited:
Fact 1:
Bomboy, Scott. “The vote that led to the 19th Amendment.” National Constitution Center.
Boyd, Tyler L. Tennessee Statesman Harry T. Burn: Woman Suffrage, Free Elections and a Life of Service. Arcadia Publishing, 2019.
Cohen, Jennie. “The Mother Who Saved Suffrage: Passing the 19th Amendment.” History.
Collins, Gail. “Editorial Observer; Women’s Suffrage: How Febb Burn and Her Son, Harry, Saved the Day.” The New York Times.
Weiss, Elaine. The Woman’s Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote. Penguin, 2019.
Weiss, Elaine. “Women, Booze and the Vote.” The New York Times.
Zimmerman, Jean. “Stirring, Engrossing ‘Woman’s Hour’ Recounts The Battle For Suffrage.” NPR.
Fact 2:
“Antislavery Connection.” National Park Service.
Coates, Ta-Nehisi. “The Great Schism.” The Atlantic.
Hewitt, Nancy A. “Abolition & Suffrage.” PBS.
Hoffman, Nancy. “Teaching about Slavery, the Abolitionist Movement, and Women’s Suffrage.” Women’s Studies Quarterly
Jenkins, Mark. “This Smithsonian exhibition follows the long road to women’s suffrage.” The Washington Post.
Pruitt, Sarah. “7 Things You Might Not Know About the Women’s Suffrage Movement.” History.
Fact 3:
Flock, Elizabeth. “5 things you might not know about the 19th Amendment.” PBS News Hour.
MacNamara, Elisabeth. “165 Years Since Seneca Falls: Continuing to Organize for Equality.” HuffPost.
McMillen, Sally. Seneca Falls and the Origins of the Women’s Rights Movement. Oxford University Press, 2009.
NCC Staff. “One this day, the Seneca Falls Convention begins. National Constitution Center.
Robbins, Liz and Sam Roberts. “Early Feminists Issued a Declaration of Independence. Where Is It Now?” The New York Times.
https://www.cmu.edu/dietrich/history/people/faculty/tetrault.html
Fact 4:
Ault, Alicia. “How Women Got the Vote Is a Far More Complex Story Than the History Textbooks Reveal.” Smithsonian Magazine.
Jones, Martha S. “How New York’s new monument whitewashes the women’s rights movement.” The Washington Post.
Michals, Debra (ed). “Sojourner Truth.” National Women’s History Museum.
Staples, Brent. “How the Suffrage Movement Betrayed Black Women. The New York Times.
Ware, Susan. “It’s time to return black women to the center of the history of women’s suffrage.” The Washington Post.
Weiss, Elaine. The Woman’s Hour: The Great Fight to Win the Vote. Penguin, 2019.
Yaeger, Lynn. “The African-American Suffragists History Forgot.” Vogue.
britannica.com/topic/History-of-Woman-Suffrage
Fact 5:
Ault, Alicia. “How Women Got the Vote Is a Far More Complex Story Than the History Textbooks Reveal.” Smithsonian Magazine.
Bernard, Michelle. “Despite the tremendous risk, African American women marched for suffrage, too.” The Washington Post.
Bernstien, Patricia. The First Waco Horror: The Lynching of Jesse Washington and the Rise of the NAACP. Texas A&M University Press, 2006.
Blakemore, Erin. “This Huge Women’s March Drowned Out a Presidential Inauguration in 1913. History.
Boissoneault, Lorraine. “The Original Women’s March on Washington and the Suffragists Who Paved the Way.” Smithsonian Magazine.
Cohen, Danielle. “This Day in History: The 1913 Women’s Suffrage Parade.” The White House.
Fields-White, Monee. “The Root: How Racism Tainted Women’s Suffrage.” NPR.
“Marching for the Vote: Remembering the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913.” Library of Congress.
Taylor, Alan. “The 1913 Women’s Suffrage Parade.” The Atlantic.
“The March of 1913.” PBS.
Fact 6:
Beaton, Gail M. Colorado Women: A History. University Press of Colorado, 2012.
Bugros Mclean, Polly E. Remembering Lucile: A Virginia Family’s Rise from Slavery and a Legacy Forged. University Press of Colorado, 2018.
“Elizabeth Piper Ensley: Activist.” Colorado Virtual Library.
Freeman, Jo. A Room at a Time: How Women Entered Party Politics. Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.
Helton, Jennifer. “Woman Suffrage in the West.” National Park Service.
Jameson, Elizabeth and Susan Hodge Armitage. Writing the Range: Race, Class, and Culture in the Women’s West. University of Oklahoma Press, 1997.
↓ More info and sources below ↓
It's a weird time to be alive. A pandemic is sweeping the world and life as we know it has gone through a seismic shift in a matter of weeks. But this isn't the first time humans have encountered an epidemic. Today, Danielle (from the safety of her Chicago flat) looks back at a few of the world's biggest pandemics. From the Black Death of the 1300s to the 17th c. Plague and the 1918 Spanish Flu, Danielle explores the human and economic tolls of past pandemics and what we can learn to prepare for life during and after COVID-19.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson on Patreon! Join him at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Follow us on...
Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsoriginofeverything/?hl=en
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited:
theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/humanitys-long-history-of-making-epidemics-worse/607780/?fbclid=IwAR10a41kpdJOSCVU8TDwSuz0BIiy0SOOOA7lPQaMghZVqKUMrVVMU4kKy6Q
newstatesman.com/politics/economy/2020/03/coronavirus-crisis-economic-collapse-capitalism
stlouisfed.org/~/media/files/pdfs/community-development/research-reports/pandemic_flu_report.pdf
wsj.com/articles/lessons-for-the-coronavirus-crisis-from-six-other-disasters-11584719497
theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/22/economists-pandemic-predictions-covid-19
economist.com/finance-and-economics/2020/03/12/throughout-history-pandemics-have-had-profound-economic-effects
voxeu.org/article/wars-plagues-and-europe-s-rise-riches
livescience.com/2497-black-death-changed-world.html
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=394606
tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00324728.2018.1457794?needAccess=true
academic.oup.com/ereh/article/17/4/408/499216
sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167629614000344
https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/pages/publication708_en.pdf
history.com/topics/world-war-i/1918-flu-pandemic
history.com/topics/world-war-i
nytimes.com/2020/03/11/opinion/coronavirus-socialism.html
maximumfun.org/episodes/sawbones/sawbones-quarantine
history.com/topics/middle-ages/black-death
theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/03/how-will-coronavirus-end/608719
cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-commemoration/pandemic-timeline-1918.htm
history.com/news/pandemics-end-plague-cholera-black-death-smallpox
acep.org/how-we-serve/sections/disaster-medicine/news/april-2018/1918-influenza-pandemic-a-united-states-timeline
cdc.gov/plague/maps/index.html
↓ More info and sources below ↓
Writing to a complete stranger about your most pressing, personal issues seems a bit odd. But that's exactly what the advice column is! From their origin as the Google of the 1600s to the booming renaissance of today, Danielle examines the strange history of advice columns.
Special thanks to our Historian Harry Brisson on Patreon! Join him at patreon.com/originofeverything
Created and Hosted by Danielle Bainbridge
Produced by Complexly for PBS Digital Studios
---
Follow us on...
Facebook: facebook.com/originofeverythingpbs
Instagram: instagram.com/pbsoriginofeverything/?hl=en
---
Origin of Everything is a show about the undertold histories and cultural dialogues that make up our collective story. From the food we eat, to the trivia and fun facts we can’t seem to get out of our heads, to the social issues we can’t stop debating, everything around us has a history. Origin of Everything is here to explore it all. We like to think that no topic is too small or too challenging to get started.
Works Cited:
Ask a Manager. (2020). Ask a Manager. [online] Available at: askamanager.org [Accessed 14 Jan. 2020].
Slate Magazine. (2020). Slate | Care and Feeding. [online] Available at: slate.com/human-interest/care-and-feeding [Accessed 14 Jan. 2020].
Slate Magazine. (2020). How to Do It. [online] Available at: slate.com/human-interest/how-to-do-it [Accessed 14 Jan. 2020].
Owen, L. (2020). Can’t read just one: Slate’s daily advice columns are strange, funny, deep, and increasingly a major traffic driver for the site. [online] Nieman Lab. Available at: niemanlab.org/2019/07/cant-read-just-one-slates-daily-advice-columns-are-strange-funny-deep-and-increasingly-a-major-traffic-driver-for-the-site [Accessed 18 Jan. 2020].
LaFrance, A. (2020). The Questions People Asked Advice Columnists in the 1690s. [online] The Atlantic. Available at: theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/05/the-questions-people-asked-advice-columnists-in-the-1690s/392111 [Accessed 14 Jan. 2020].
LaFrance, A. (2020). The Questions People Asked Advice Columnists in the 1690s. [online] The Atlantic. Available at: theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/05/the-questions-people-asked-advice-columnists-in-the-1690s/392111 [Accessed 14 Jan. 2020].
Historyofinformation.com. (2020). "Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestic," the First Newspaper Published in North America, Suppressed after a Single Issue : History of Information. [online] Available at: http://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=400 [Accessed 13 Jan. 2020].
Publicdomainreview.org. (2020). [online] Available at: publicdomainreview.org/collection/the-athenian-oracle-1820 [Accessed 18 Jan. 2020].
Publicdomainreview.org. (2020). [online] Available at: publicdomainreview.org/collection/the-athenian-oracle-1820 [Accessed 18 Jan. 2020].
Sanghani, R. (2020). 19th century advice for single women: 'Sexual indulgences should be kept to a minimum'. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11620161/Sex-and-marriage-Victorian-19th-century-advice-for-single-women.html [Accessed 18 Jan. 2020].
Mangan, L. (2020). A brief history of agony aunts. [online] the Guardian. Available at: theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/nov/13/agony-aunts [Accessed 14 Jan. 2020].
Medium. (2020). The Evolution of the Advice Column. [online] Available at: medium.com/s/story/the-evolution-of-the-advice-column-4676167c4317 [Accessed 13 Jan. 2020].
Brammer, J. (2019). The Advice Column Renaissance. [online] Columbia Journalism Review. Available at: cjr.org/special_report/the-advice-column-renaissance.php [Accessed 14 Jan. 2020].
Columbia Journalism Review. (2020). Poll: How does the public think journalism happens?. [online] Available at: cjr.org/special_report/how-does-journalism-happen-poll.php [Accessed 13 Jan. 2020].
vox.com/2018/1/1/16836834/transcript-grindr-editors-zach-stafford-trish-bendix-into-magazine-queer-recode-decode


