Support Young Hams on Giving Tuesday 2022 ARRLHQ 2022-11-22 | Donate now | arrl.org/giveHelp ARRL meet its mission of supporting our next generation of radio amateurs: young hams!#givingtuesday is November 29 – a growing annual movement where individuals and organizations, like ARRL, come together to unleash the power of radical generosity. ARRL is already doing so much to grow and encourage our community of young radio amateurs. Just imagine how much more we can do with your help!From now to Giving Tuesday, ARRL wants to raise $25,000 to help support and expand our programs and initiatives for young hams:• ARRL Student Membership Discount. Did you know that ARRL membership is only $25 for individuals under 26 years old? Your gift will help subsidize ARRL Student Membership.• ARRL Youth Licensing Grants. ARRL covers the one-time $35 FCC application fee for new license candidates younger than 18 years old for tests administered under the ARRL VEC program. Also, their exam session fee is reduced to only $5 (normally $15).• Outreach to Teachers and Schools. ARRL has resources to help educators and volunteers bring ham radio into classrooms, engaging students in science, technology, engineering, math, and the arts (STEM/STEAM). ARRL is inspiring students to pursue higher education and careers paths in radio technology and radio communications.• ARRL Collegiate Amateur Radio Program. Since 2017, the ARRL Collegiate Amateur Radio Program has networked students and their campus radio clubs. We engage students in monthly meetings and drawings, best practices for vibrant college clubs, and notices of career opportunities. This next generation of young hams are already active, engaged, and on the air!• Kids Day and School Club Roundup. ARRL sponsors on the air fun for young hams!• Promoting partnerships. ARRL’s partnerships support many youth programs including Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) and outreach to scouts.Many members say they want more young people to pursue amateur radio. But few actually know how to support these efforts. Can we count on you to choose ARRL now, and help us reach our Giving Tuesday fundraising goal of $25,000? Visit www.arrl.org/give and give today.Donate now | arrl.org/giveSpecial Thanks to:Cody Quarles, K0DIEJherica Goodgame, KI5HTAAmandip Dutta, KN6NYEAlexia Snethen, KM6LGGMusic Attribution:Bensound.com/free-music-for-videosProduced by ARRL The National Association for Amateur Radio® Copyright © 2022 ARRL, Inc.
QST: Ask Dave November 2022 ARRLHQ 2022-11-08 | Video supplement to Dave Casler's, KE0OG QST column. In this episode Dave discusses the importance of being licensed and being prepared with your amateur radio equipment.
Students Talk to an Astronaut 260 Miles Above Earth! ARRLHQ 2022-10-04 | On September 27 at The Big E, The Eastern States Exhibition in West Springfield, MA over a dozen local students from New England Sci-Tech in Natick, MA had the rare opportunity to ask questions to astronaut Bob Hines, NI5RQT, aboard the International Space Station orbiting 260 miles above the earth traveling at 17,500 mph!With Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) helping to organize the contact, each student was able to ask a question contributing to a smooth contact lasting close to 10 minutes. The Space Chat was part of a program to promote Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) educational activities, and Amateur Radio learning activities for young people.For more information on the ARISS program, visit: arrl.org/ariss For more on this space chat, visit: nediv.arrl.org/big-e-space-chatMusic Credit:Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!):uppbeat.io/t/mood-maze/trendsetterLicense code: Q8P7Q5RMZ0GCTV98Produced by ARRL The National Association for Amateur Radio® Copyright © 2022 ARRL, Inc.
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T17 Section 6.2 Making Contacts 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Amateur Radio is all about making contacts, this video introduces you to section 6.2 and explains how to do just that.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T05 Electricity, Ohms Law Explained 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This section from the 5th edition of the ARRL License Manual explores the nature of electricity, introduces voltage, current, resistance, and power. Lots of diagrams.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T09 Antenna and Radio Wave Basics 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video introduces you to section 4.2, "Antenna and Radio Wave Basics"Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T35 Section 9.4 RF Exposure 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Learn how to stay safe from RF Exposure in section 9.4Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T18 Section 6.3 Using Repeaters 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | A common means of making contacts is by using a repeater. This video covers section 6.3 and explains how to use them.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T33 Section 9.2 Managing RF in Your Station ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Keeping stray RF out of your station is important. This video covers section 9.2 and explains how to mitigate this problem.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T31 Section 8.6 Prohibited Transmissions ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | You can discuss a lot of things on the radio, but not everything. Section 8.6 explains what transmissions are prohibited in amateur radio.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T19 Section 6.4 Nets 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video introduces you to section 6.4, Nets.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T28 Section 8.3 Interference 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video discusses section 8.3, Interference.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T36 Section 9.5 Mechanical Safety ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video covers section 9.5 Mechanical SafetyFollow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T02 Chapter 1 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Dave Casler Technician License Series: T02 Chapter 1
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T15 Section 5.4 Power Supplies and Batteries 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Video introduction to section 5.4, covering batteries and power supplies.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T26 Section 8.1 Control Operators ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video introduces you to section 8.1, Control Operators.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T22 Section 7.1 Licensing Terms ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | There is a lot of terminology in amateur radio. Section 7.1 explains some of the more common terms to you.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T29 Section 8.4 Third-Party Communications 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | What is a third party communication? This video discusses section 8.4 and will help you understand.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T12 Modulation ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video introduces you to section 5.1, Modulation.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T37 Exam Review 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video is a recap of the series to help prepare you to take your amateur radio license exam. Good luck!Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T04 Radio Equipment Basics 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Dave Casler Technician License Series: T04 Radio Equipment Basics
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T01 How to Get Your Ham Radio License 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Here is the introduction to the Amateur Radio Technician License. This series walks you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual. At the end of this series, you will be ready to pass your exam and join the ranks of amateur radio operators.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T07 Radio Circuits: Oscillator, Amplifiers, Modulator, Mixers ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Introduction to section 3.3. This episode explores the concept of a block diagram. Definitions of oscillators, amplifiers, modulators, and mixers.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T11 Section 4.4 Practical Antenna Systems ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video covers section 4.4 Practical Antenna SystemsFollow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T20 Section 6.5 Communications for Public Service 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Communications for public service is a major reason many people get into amateur radio. Section 6.5 explains how ham radio is utilized in this manner.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T13 Transmitters and Receivers 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video introduces you to section 5.2, Transmitters and Receivers.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T14 Digital Communications ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Section 5.3 covers Digital Communications. This video introduces you to that chapter.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T25 Section 7.4 Call Signs 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Every ham gets a call sign. This video introduces you to section 7.4 and explains just how that works.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T24 Section 7.3 International Rules 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video introduces you to section 7.3, International Rules.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T27 Section 8.2 Identification 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This is your video introduction to section 8.2, Identification. This video explains exactly when and how you should identify yourself when operating.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T03 Radio Signals and Waves 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Now we dive into the technical material, starting with what radio waves are and the difference between frequency and wavelength. We touch on several other points, such as phase and units.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T34 Section 9.3 RF Interference 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video discusses section 9.3, RF Interference.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T23 Section 7.2 Bands and Privileges 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video introduces you to Section 7.2, Bands and Privileges.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T16 Section 6.1 Band Plans 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Section 6.1 introduces you to band plans. Make sure you are operating in the appropriate portion of the bands. This video will help guide you.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T06 Components and Units 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Section 3.2 shows actual components in circuits. See resistors, capacitors, inductors, integrated circuits, transistors, crystals, and more!Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T10 Feed Lines and SWR 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video introduces you to section 4.3 of the ARRL License Manual.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T08 Propagation ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | This video discusses propagation, including direct wave, knife-edge, diffraction, and the ionosphere.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T30 Section 8.5 Remote and Automatic Operation 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Do you have to be at the control point of your radio when operating? This video explains section 8.5, Remote and Automatic Operation to help you understand the requirements of remote operation.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T21 Section 6.6 Satellite Operating 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Want to make contacts that are out of this world? Jump into the world of amateur radio satellite operations. Section 6.6 helps get you started!Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
Dave Casler Technician License Series: T32 Section 9.1 Electrical Safety 2022-2026 ARRLHQ 2022-10-03 | Being safe is of paramount importance. Section 9.1 discusses electrical safely.Follow along with Dave as he takes you through the ARRL Ham Radio License Manual:arrl.org/shop/Ham-Radio-License-ManualFor more great amateur radio content, join ARRL today!arrl.org/join
ARRL Handbook 100 ARRLHQ 2022-09-26 | Pre-Order NOW: bit.ly/3SJSvMILaunching mid/late October 2022: Handbook 100We have arrived at a milestone: the 100th edition of The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications. How do you celebrate the most widely used one-stop reference and guide to radio technology principles and practices? By continuing to fill the pages of another edition with the progress and achievement of radio amateurs. Handbook 100 is written for everyone with a desire to advance the pursuit of wireless technology. Here is your guide to radio experimentation, discovery, and innovation. Handbook 100 is by far the most extensively revised and expanded edition in recent years — including new and revised topics, content, and projects. It is written by radio amateurs who share their experience, learning, and discovery from across the state-of-the-art and emerging technologies. Each chapter is authored and edited by experts in the subject. The ARRL Handbook for Radio Communications strikes the perfect balance between comprehensive RF engineering reference and practical treatment of basic electronic fundamentals, circuit design and equipment construction, antennas, transmission lines, safe electrical, RF practices, and more. It is The Standard. Each chapter is filled with the most up-to-date knowledge representative of the wide and ever-expanding range of interests among radio amateurs. There are practical, hands-on projects for all skill levels — from simple accessories and small power supplies to legal-limit amplifiers and high-gain antennas.Key topics:• Radio electronics theory and principles• Circuit design and equipment• Signal transmission and propagation• Digital modulation and protocols• Antennas and transmission lines• Construction practicesUpdated with new projects and content, including:• All-new chapter on radio propagation covering a wide range of bands and modes• New and updated sections on electronic circuit simulation• New cavity filter and high-power HF filter projects• New coverage on digital protocols and modes• New material on RFI from low-voltage lighting and other sources• Revised section covering new RF exposure limits• New content on portable station equipment, antennas, power, and assembly• New material on ferrite uses and types • New section on how to use portable SDR to locate sources of RFISign-up to receive a pre-order notification:tinyurl.com/Handbook100http://www.arrl.org/arrl-handbook-100-pre-orderhttp://www.arrl.orgMusic Credit:“Introduction (sunrise) from Richard Strauss' symphonic poem Also sprach Zarathustra,” by Kevin MacLeod, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.Produced by ARRL The National Association for Amateur Radio® Copyright © 2022 ARRL, Inc.
ARISS Contact with Monroe Carell Jr. Childrens Hospital ARRLHQ 2022-09-09 | We were lucky enough to be able to catch a little bit of the ARISS contact between the International Space Station and children at the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's hospital at Vanderbilt. We were on the very edge of the ISS footprint, so we only caught a brief bit of the contact.For more information about Amateur Radio visit www.arrl.orgFor more information about the ARISS program visit www.ariss.org
ARRL Club Grants Webinar Tranche 2 ARRLHQ 2022-09-08 | This webinar discusses the ARRL Club Grants Program Tranche 2. Presentation Slides are available here: bit.ly/3AWAza1
Ham Radio School Outreach: How to Talk About Amateur Radio with Schools ARRLHQ 2022-08-11 | One of the best ways to engage more youth in amateur radio is through teachers and schools. Often, the issue is getting school administration to see the value in including amateur radio instruction. In this video, Steve Goodgame, K5ATA, steps you through the process and materials available to help bring ham radio to local schools. Steve taught school for 21 years and has had several students earn their amateur radio licenses. ARRL has completely redesigned the material and the curriculum of the ARRL Teachers Institute to reflect what has been successful in getting youth engaged and schools on board.Brochure request form: http://www.arrl.org/school-contact-brochure-order-formJoin us in the mission to get more youth licensed and engaged: http://arrl.org/membershipWant to help support ARRL Teachers Institute and getting equipment in schools? home.arrl.org/action/Donate/Education-Technology-Fund#hamradio #amateurradio #stem
New ARRL Radio Lab Will Inspire Your Ham Shack! ARRLHQ 2022-08-04 | Introducing the brand new ARRL Radio Laboratory, W1HQ! Join Jherica Goodgame, KI5HTA, as she walks you through everything there is to know about this newest edition to ARRL Headquarters. The ARRL Radio Lab is an innovative test space designed to reshape the way we imagine and build a ham radio shack. From a decluttered workspace and a digital user interface to being able to remote in to the station from anywhere, W1HQ is a step towards the future of amateur radio. Produced by Alex Norstrom, KC1RMOAntennas being used for W1HQ:JK Antennas XR5-JK, Multiband Yagi for 10, 12, 15, 17 & 20 metersCushcraft A50-5S, 6-meter YagiVerticals: Guy wires: Phillystran2 meters, 70 centimeters, 23 centimetersRotator: M2 Antenna Systems OR2800 Series Azimuth RotatorTower: Rohn 55G Series Guyed Tower, 40-feet Equipment being used inside of W1HQ:Elecraft K4 TransceiverFlexRadio Flex-6400 Signature Series SDR TransceiverFlexRadio Power Genius XL amplifierIcom IC-9100 HF/VHF/UHF TransceiverGreen Heron Engineering LLC Rotator Controller, RT-21Green Heron Engineering LLC Rotator Controller Az/El, RT-21azelRaspberry Pi 400 Personal Computer KitSpecial Links:www.arrl.orgwww.arrl.org/qst www.arrl.org/product-reviewwww.arrl.org/join Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!):uppbeat.io/t/volo/with-the-windsLicense code: 6EXUGC2IOYFBTZVQProduced by ARRL The National Association for Amateur Radio® Copyright © 2022 ARRL, Inc.
LIVE: 2022 ARRL Field Day from W1AW ARRLHQ 2022-06-25 | Join ARRL LIVE from W1AW for 2022 ARRL Field Day. We're streaming LIVE so you can see all of the fun. Plus, ask your questions about Field Day in the Live Chat.For more information about ARRL Field Day, visit www.arrl.org/FieldDayW1AW, the Hiram Percy Maxim Memorial Station, is known the world over for its on air Morse code practice sessions, news bulletins, and visitor operating. When visiting ARRL HQ, W1AW is the first place members want to see. www.arrl.org/field-daywww.arrl.org/w1awwww.arrl.org/joinwww.arrl.orgProduced by ARRL The National Association for Amateur Radio®Copyright © 2022 ARRL, Inc.
ARRL at Europe’s biggest HAM RADIO convention! ARRLHQ 2022-06-25 | The International Amateur Radio Exhibition, HAM RADIO 2022, is June 24-26 in Friedrichshafen. The event is billed as Europe's biggest Amateur Radio convention and is held annually in the Lake Constance region. This is the 45th international amateur radio exhibition and the 71st Lake Constance Convention of Radio Amateurs, sponsored by the German Amateur Radio Club (DARC). The convention theme is “Seeing Friends Again.” Each year, a contingent from ARRL The National Association for Amateur Radio in the US has attended this convention in Germany--greeting its non-US members and networking with other national radio societies. ARRL also supports DXCC card checking at its booth--a very popular award program among the international community that travels to this large show. ARRL representatives will include ARRL President Rick Roderick, K5UR; and ARRL staff members: CEO David Minster, NA2AA; Director of Operations Bob Naumann, W5OV, and Director of Public Relations and Innovation Bob Inderbitzen, NQ1R. The convention was attended by 14,300 visitors from 50 countries in 2019. There were 184 exhibitors and associations. hamradio-friedrichshafen.com#arrl #hamradio #germany #amateurradio #europeCopyright 2022, ARRL, Inc.
