Sképsislamica
Indigenous Scripts of Arabia with Mr. Michael C.A. Macdonald
updated
The Qurʾān criticizes the practice of burying infant daughters alive, but how much historical evidence do we actually have that this was widespread in pre-Islamic Arabia? Was this a lived social reality, or part of a broader Late Antique moral narrative?
Dr. Lindstedt walks us through the Qurʾānic verses, early Arabic poetry, and later Islamic-era sources, questioning the traditional interpretation of waʾd al-banāt (female infanticide). We also explore how this narrative fits into Jewish and Christian discourses on infanticide, how classical exegetes shaped its meaning, and what this reveals about the construction of Arabia’s pre-Islamic past.
If you’ve ever wondered whether the story of female infanticide in Arabia is history, memory, or myth — this conversation is for you.
We discuss:
• Why and where Muslims historically created figural images of the Prophet
• How artistic traditions in Persian and Turkish contexts flourished despite theological hesitations
• The metaphorical and mystical dimensions of prophetic imagery
• What these images tell us about Muslim devotional life across the centuries
• And how contemporary controversies—from the Hamline University incident to cartoon scandals—clash with the historical record
🎨 From heroic narratives to visual metaphors, this conversation sheds light on a legacy and asks what’s lost when images made by Muslims are treated as forbidden.
📌 Featuring:
Professor Christiane Gruber
Art Historian | University of Michigan
Director of Khamseen: Islamic Art History Online
This important work offers an in-depth history and analysis of one of the most misunderstood movements in Islam.
Join us as we explore the origins and development of Salafism—from the contributions of early proto-Salafi scholars to the complex realities and futures the movement faces today.
Dr. Yasir Qadhi’s book gives us an unparalleled opportunity to understand the unique contexts that shaped each iteration of Salafism across time and space. It also helps correct common misconceptions—both those perpetuated by the movement’s adherents and its critics alike 🔍📜
💬 Don’t forget to like, share, and subscribe—and let us know your thoughts in the comments below!
📚 For a copy, follow the link:
🔗 amazon.co.uk/Salafism-Between-Fiction-Yasir-Qadhi-ebook/dp/B08LDY1HJW#
Join us as we travel back in time ⏳ to the ancient Near East to examine the political and spiritual authority women once held, and discover what was lost—or reimagined—when scriptural monotheism rose to prominence, overshadowing the sacred female deities that had a long history of worship in a Near Eastern context.
📚 Be sure to check out the two works that inspired this podcast:
• Queens and Prophets: How Arabian Noblewomen and Holy Men Shaped Paganism, Christianity and Islam 👉 amazon.co.uk/Queens-Prophets-Noblewomen-Paganism-Christianity/dp/0861544455
• Female Divinity in the Qur’an: In Conversation with the Bible and the Ancient Near East 👉 amazon.co.uk/Female-Divinity-Quran-Conversation-Ancient/dp/3031617991
It is remarkable that two successive governors of Arabia appear on the Ruwafa inscriptions, suggesting a fairly sustained commitment to this far-flung corner of the empire."
- Rome, Persia, And Arabia: Shaping the Middle East from Pompey to Muhammad
🎧 Check Out the Full Podcast:
Arabs, Arabias, and Epigraphy with Mr. Michael Macdonald
📺 youtu.be/2Z3R3yponzM
In this episode, we dive into a remarkable Safaitic inscription discovered by Al-Jallad in 2024 to uncover what it reveals about the historical shifts surrounding the divine name Allah—its role in Near Eastern cosmology, and how it rose to prominence through the epigraphic record tracing back to its most ancient attestations.
📝 If you’re interested in how inscriptions can reshape our understanding of Pre-Islamic Arabian religious history, we highly recommend reading the full article 🔗 academic.oup.com/jss/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jss/fgaf012/8129546?utm_source=authortollfreelink&utm_campaign=jss&utm_medium=email&guestAccessKey=3263d58f-6955-46c6-84a8-e0af7e4edcd9&login=false
We cover a wide range of questions:
- How have things changed in Islamic Studies since Tyranny was published?
- Why does the study of Islam’s origins demand a "meta" level of theory and method?
- What does it mean to approach the Qur’an through the lens of Late Antiquity?
- And how do scholars navigate the appropriation of their work by political actors—or even YouTubers?
Alongside these critical reflections, Hughes weighs in on contemporary debates surrounding revisionist scholarship, insider/outsider tensions, and whether a truly “critical” Qur’an project is even possible.
This is a wide-ranging, challenging, and timely conversation for anyone interested in religion, history, or the politics of academic knowledge.
Be sure to check out The Imam of the Christians: The World of Dionysius of Tel-Mahre, c. 750–850 📖✨ https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691212791/the-imam-of-the-christians?srsltid=AfmBOork1eBa9fTnoLDRzM5_5pd9WfLuAPnOzQQeHpRkhSw--V1irD7A
You can also find more from Professor Wood on his Academia.edu page 📚➡️ https://aku.academia.edu/PhilipWood
For those interested in learning more, you can purchase Dr. Schine's book, Black Knights, directly from the University of Chicago Press here https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/B/bo236340054.html
You can also explore many of her insightful articles on her Academia.edu profile https://umcp.academia.edu/RachelSchine
- The Idea of Idolatry and the Emergence of Islam
Whether you're a student of religion, history, or culture—or simply curious—this conversation offers a nuanced perspective on a complex topic. Be sure to check it out, and don’t forget to like, share your thoughts in the comments section, and hit the subscribe button for more content!
We’re joined by Umar Lee, who shares powerful reflections on his time in Indonesia, thoughts on the documentary Revolusi, and the future of Muslim political engagement in the U.S. 🇺🇸🌍
🗣️ We also tackle critical issues within the Muslim community, including:
▪️ Recent abuse scandals and the urgent need for accountability
▪️ An in-depth look at Dr. John Andrew Morrow’s Islam and Slavery and its implications for understanding our historical and ethical responsibilities
💭 Tune in for a thought-provoking conversation that dives deep into history, culture, politics, and contemporary challenges shaping the Muslim world.
⸻
🔗 Check out more from Umar Lee:
🐦 Twitter/X: https://x.com/StLouisStranger
📰 Substack: umarlee.substack.com
👍 Don’t forget to LIKE, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE for more critical conversations that don’t shy away from the tough topics.
✌️ Until next time—peace.
Drawing on Dr. Al-Lehbi’s groundbreaking 2022 article, “It is Permitted for the Amīr but not the Qāḍī,” the discussion unpacks:
🔹 The role of the shurṭa (police/military enforcement)
🔹 The historical roots of coercion in pre-Islamic and Late Antique governance
🔹 How such coercive practices were legitimized under Abbasid rule
🔹 The ethical dilemmas faced by Islamic jurists
🔹 The tension between pragmatism and legal principle in Islamic governance
🧠 This episode provides valuable insight into how the Abbasid state negotiated the balance between law, power, and justice—and what that means for understanding Islamic governance both then and now.
⸻
🔗 Resources:
📖 Read Dr. Al-Lehbi’s article:
“It is Permitted for the Amīr but not the Qāḍī” on Academia.edu
👉 https://www.academia.edu/94770950/_It_is_Permitted_for_the_Am%C4%ABr_but_not_the_Q%C4%81%E1%B8%8D%C4%AB_The_Military_Administrative_Genealogy_of_Coercion_in_Abbasid_Criminal_Justice
🖋️ Explore Dr. Al-Lehbi’s blog contributions on the Islamic Law Blog:
👉 https://islamiclaw.blog/author/mohammed-allehbi/
📚 Stay tuned for his upcoming monograph!
⸻
👍 If you enjoy engaging discussions on history, law, and governance, don’t forget to LIKE, SUBSCRIBE, and SHARE for more episodes featuring leading scholars in Islamic Studies!
Joined by Dr. John Andrew Morrow, we explore a wide range of topics—from the Trans-Saharan slave trade to the role of concubinage in shaping Islamic society. We critically examine how slavery was justified, practiced, and eventually abolished in various Islamic contexts.
📚 Dr. Morrow provides comparisons between Islamic and Western models of slavery, discusses the legacy of key historical figures like Mariya the Copt, and helps us navigate the ethical challenges posed by past practices.
Through thought-provoking questions and rich historical analysis, we consider how modern Muslims can engage with this contentious legacy while reflecting on broader issues of identity, morality, and interpretation 🔍💭
⸻
📘 Recommended Reading for Further Exploration:
1. Black Morocco: A History of Slavery, Race, and Islam –
🔗 amazon.com/Black-Morocco-History-Slavery-African/dp/1107651778
2. Possessed by the Right Hand: The Problem of Slavery in Islamic Law and Muslim Cultures –
🔗 amazon.com/Possessed-Right-Hand-Problem-Cultures/dp/9004364811
3. Abolition of Slavery in Islamic and Western Contexts by William Gervase Clarence-Smith –
🔗 amazon.com/Abolition-Slavery-William-Gervase-Clarence-Smith/dp/0195221516
4. L’Esclavage en Terre d’Islam by Malek Chebel (French) –
🔗 amazon.com/LEsclavage-Terre-dIslam-Documents-French-ebook/dp/B00TAUOGZ6
5. L’Esclavage dans l’islam: Traditions arabes et principes coraniques by Tidiane Diakité –
🔗 amazon.com/Lesclavage-islam-traditions-arabes-principes/dp/2841611604
6. The Legacy of Arab-Islam in Africa by John Azumah –
🔗 amazon.com/Legacy-Arab-Islam-Africa-Inter-religious-Dialogue/dp/1851682732
7. Islam and Slavery by John Andrew Morrow –
🔗 amazon.com/Islam-Slavery-John-Andrew-Morrow/dp/1680536370
8. Slavery and Islam by Jonathan A.C. Brown –
🔗 amazon.com/Slavery-Islam-Jonathan-C-Brown/dp/1786076357
We begin by exploring why archaeologists consider burial sites vital windows into the past, and how early Islamic burials offer unique insights that distinguish them from those of other cultures.
Our conversation then turns to the surprising consistency of Islamic burial practices across regions and sects—especially remarkable given the Qur’an’s limited guidance on specific funerary rituals 🔍🌍
We also examine the influence of pre-Islamic traditions, asking whether Islamic burial customs represent a break from or a continuation of earlier practices, particularly when compared to other Abrahamic faiths ✡️✝️☪️
🧠💬 Check us out as we unravel these thought-provoking perspectives and bring history to life—beyond the grave!
👍 Don’t forget to LIKE, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE for more insightful conversations on Islamic history and archaeology.
The Integrity of the Qur’an: Sunni and Shi‘i Historical Narratives 📖🕋🔥
Dr. Kara explores claims that certain verses—some with major juristic implications—were omitted during the Qur’an’s collection and canonization.
💡 What sets his work apart is the innovative use of textual and isnad-cum-matn analysis to trace the historical origins of these traditions. He examines the views of both Sunni and Shi‘i scholars who supported such claims, pushing the methodological boundaries of isnad-cum-matn analysis in ways that challenge conventional assumptions 📜🔍
👀 Watch as we unpack these complex debates and reflect on the broader implications of Dr. Kara’s intriguing findings for Qur’anic studies and Muslim thought.
📚 For more insights from Dr. Seyfeddin Kara, check out his book:
🔗 edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-the-integrity-of-the-qur-an.html
📘 And explore more of his research on Academia:
🔗 https://rug.academia.edu/SeyfeddinKara
👍 Don’t forget to LIKE, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE to stay up to date with more honest, nuanced conversations about Islamic history and scholarship.
Muhammad and His Followers in Context: The Religious Map of Late Antique Arabia 📖🕋🌍
Dr. Lindstedt’s work emphasizes the importance of understanding the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and his followers within their Arabian milieu, drawing on epigraphic and contemporary sources to bring the context to life.
Rather than treating early Islam as a stark break from the pre-Islamic period, Dr. Lindstedt problematizes that contrast—reconstructing and contextualizing the early reception of the Qur’an, and tracing how Islam gradually evolved into a reified religious identity in the post-Prophetic era 🔍📜🧠
💥 Special Offer:
Sign up at 👉 brill.com/mycart/cart and enter the Summer Sale code DGBSS24 to get Muhammad and His Followers in Context for 50% off—valid until August 31, 2024! 🛍️📚
📘 Check out more of Dr. Lindstedt’s work on his Academia page:
🔗 https://helsinki.academia.edu/IlkkaLindstedt
👍 Don’t forget to LIKE, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE for more engaging conversations on Islamic history, thought, and context.
The Emergence of Arabic Poetry: From Regional Identities to Islamic Canonization 📖🗣️🌍
Dr. Miller takes us on a captivating journey through the history of Arabic poetry, reexamining this literary tradition to uncover fresh insights into pre-Islamic Arabia and the societal role of poetry during the first two centuries of Islam. From tribal expression to religious canon, this conversation unpacks the transformation of Arabic poetry like never before 🔍🕋🪶
📚 For more from Dr. Nathaniel A. Miller, be sure to check out his new book, published by University of Pennsylvania Press:
🔗 pennpress.org/9781512825305/the-emergence-of-arabic-poetry
🐦 You can also follow Dr. Miller on X (formerly Twitter):
🔗 https://x.com/ClassyArabic
👍 Don’t forget to LIKE, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE for more deep dives into Islamic history, literature, and thought.
Dr. Goudarzi argues that the Qur’an anchors the Prophet Muhammad’s mission to his community’s descent from Abraham through Ishmael, challenging recent scholarship that downplays this genealogical framework.
The paper also examines Ishmael’s contrasting portrayals in the Qur’an and pre-Islamic literature, and it questions the idea that Abraham and Ishmael’s roles in Islam’s early development were purely Medinan constructs. 🧠📖🕋
If you’re interested in Qur’anic studies, identity formation, and scriptural intertextuality, this episode offers a deeply insightful conversation with one of the field’s sharpest voices.
📚 Check out Dr. Goudarzi’s article “The Ascent of Ishmael: Genealogy, Covenant, and Identity in Early Islam”—along with more of his work—on his Academia page:
🔗 https://harvard.academia.edu/MohsenGoudarzi?swp=tc-au-41329340
👍 Don’t forget to LIKE, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE to stay up to date with more thought-provoking conversations.
✌️ Until next time—peace.
Metaphors of Death and Resurrection in the Qur’an: An Intertextual Approach with Biblical and Rabbinic Literature 📘☪️✡️📖
Dr. Galadari shares what motivated him to write this groundbreaking work and walks us through his analysis of verses 2:259 and 2:260 in the Qur’an. He demonstrates how death and resurrection are sometimes conceptualized metaphorically in the Qur’an, and how these concepts intersect with Biblical and Rabbinic literature—shedding light on the deep intertextuality embedded in the text 🔍💭📜
🧠 Whether you’re interested in Qur’anic studies, comparative scripture, or theological symbolism, this episode offers a thought-provoking dive into a rarely explored dimension of the Qur’an.
📚 Be sure to check out Metaphors of Death and Resurrection in the Qur’an—it’s open access on Dr. Galadari’s Academia page, where you can also explore more of his work:
🔗 https://www.academia.edu/56183049/Metaphors_of_Death_and_Resurrection_in_the_Qur_an_An_Intertextual_Approach_with_Biblical_and_Rabbinic_Literature
💬 Like, share, subscribe, and let us know your reflections in the comments below!
James Howard-Johnston is a Lecturer in Byzantine Studies at the University of Oxford, and author of the monumental Witnesses to a World Crisis: Historians and Histories of the Middle East in the Seventh Century — a masterclass in deep source analysis. His work examines the formative phase of Islam through both Islamic and non-Islamic sources, offering an unparalleled look at this pivotal historical period.
In this discussion, we explore:
🔍 Why he considers the Qur’an a key historical source
📆 What a chronological reading of the text—alongside other materials—can reveal about the Prophet’s evolving role as both a spiritual and political leader of a religion that reshaped the world
🔗 Link to the article:
degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/jiqsa-2024-0006/html
💬 Be sure to like, share, subscribe, and let us know your thoughts on this powerful and thought-provoking discussion!
They give us an exclusive sneak peek into their forthcoming course on The Bible and the Qur’an, where they’ll explore and compare the historical problems surrounding both sacred texts 📖⚖️
If you’re intrigued by their upcoming course, don’t miss your chance to join in!
🔗 Sign up here: https://skepsislamica–ehrman.thrivecart.com/bibleandquran
✌️ Like, share, subscribe, and let us know what questions you’d ask if you were taking the course!
Dr. Koutchoukali’s research focuses on linguistic and socio-political transformations during this period, exploring key historical events that may have sparked significant changes in the region leading into the early Islamic era.
📜 We’ll examine pivotal events such as:
▪️ The rise of the Himyarites to power
▪️ The persecution of Christians in Najran by the Jewish Himyarite ruler Yusuf Dhu Nuwas during his revolt against alleged Aksumite wardship
▪️ Abraha’s expedition into central Arabia
🪶 Furthermore, we’ll analyse how epigraphic material aligns with—or diverges from—literary accounts of South Arabian history, offering fresh insight into the region’s complex past.
If you’re fascinated by South Arabia during Late Antiquity, this episode with Terron & Roxanna, featuring Dr. Imar Koutchoukali, promises to be an enlightening discussion.
📘 Be sure to check out Dr. Koutchoukali’s dissertation “Our ʿirbīt is not like your ʿarabiyya” for a deep dive into these topics:
🔗 Dissertation Link
⸻
📚 Here’s a preliminary list of sources mentioned during the podcast for those who want to dive deeper into the subject:
• Bashear, Suliman. 1989. “Yemen in Early Islam: An Examination of Non-Tribal Traditions.” Arabica 36(3): 327–61.
• Cook, David. 2008. “The Ashab al-Ukhdud: History and Hadith in a Martyrological Sequence.” JSAI 34: 125–48.
• Gajda, Iwona. 2009. Le royaume de Himyar à l’époque monothéiste. Paris: De Boccard.
• Retsö, Jan. 2003. “When Did Yemen Become ‘Arabia Felix’?” PSAS 33: 229–35.
• Robin, Christian Julien. 2013. “À propos de Ymnt et Ymn…” In Entre Carthage et l’Arabie heureuse, ed. Briquel-Chatonnet et al., 119–40.
• Robin, Christian Julien & Rijziger, Sarah. 2018. “‘The Owner of the Sky, God of Israel’…” Der Islam 95(2): 271–90.
• Rodinson, Maxime. 2004. Mohammad. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
• Silverstein, Adam. 2019. “Who Are the Aṣḥāb al-Ukhdūd?” Der Islam 96(2): 281–323.
• Ulrich, Brian. 2019. Arabs in the Early Islamic Empire: Exploring al-Azd Tribal Identity. Edinburgh University Press.
• Webb, Peter. 2016. Imagining the Arabs: Arab Identity and the Rise of Islam. Edinburgh University Press.
📖 Check out the book here: ekpyrosispress.com/2023/09/20/available-now-against-the-world-towards-an-islamic-liberation-philosophy-by-ali-s-harfouch
👍 Be sure to like, share, subscribe, and comment below if you have anything constructive to add to the conversation.
You can find more of Ust. Ali S. Harfouch by clicking the links below ✌️🔗😊
🔹 youtube.com/@AliSHarfouch
🔹 asharfouch.com
🔹 twitter.com/asharfouch
The conversation begins with Lee reflecting on his time in London and sharing his perspective on its Muslim community. Other topics include—but are not limited to—Mohammad bin Salman (MBS) and the significant changes he is initiating in Saudi Arabia, where Lee responds to whether these initiatives could be a shock to Saudi society and lead to negative consequences.
📚 During the podcast, we also delve into two books recommended by Lee for the relevance of their content—pertaining to the phenomenon of online conversions to Islam and the over-romanticizing of Islamic history by Muslims.
👍 Be sure to like, share, subscribe, and comment below if you have anything constructive to add to the conversation.
You can find more of Br. Umar Lee by clicking the links below ✌️🔗😊
🔹 youtube.com/@UCn0D5epLsNAnpQfAgMzvSSw
🔹 umarlee.substack.com
🔹 goodreads.com/user/show/25950480-umar-lee
The comparison to the Quran, the holy book of Islam, is not meant to suggest that the Masnavi is a replacement or equivalent to the Quran. Instead, it highlights the depth and spiritual significance attributed to Rumi's work within the context of Persian literature and Sufi philosophy. The term underscores the reverence and impact the Masnavi has had on Persian-speaking communities, akin to the profound respect Muslims hold for the Quran in the Islamic tradition.
Be sure to check out the full episode! 🔗 youtu.be/p4ORsN5SdcQ
Be sure to check out the full episode! 🔗 youtu.be/FoCFlYf_z3Y
Be sure to check out the full episode! 🔗 youtu.be/_mN-pMJCKaQ
Dr. Tesei’s work offers a fresh perspective on often-overlooked aspects of Byzantine–Persian political debates. By bringing these marginalised discussions to the forefront, he proposes a potentially earlier origin for the Syriac Legend—challenging widely held assumptions and offering a recontextualised understanding of its political influences 🔍🏛️
🧠📜 During the episode, we also explore the development of themes and motifs found in other Imitatio Alexandri works that eventually made their way into the Neṣḥānā. Dr. Tesei sheds light on how the Neṣḥānā’s author employed unique narrative elements not found in comparable texts, giving the work its distinctive character.
📚🕌 In the final part of the conversation, we examine the Syriac Legend of Alexander in relation to the Dhul Qarnayn pericope found in Chapter 18 of the Holy Qur’an, offering rich insights into intertextuality across religious and cultural traditions.
👉 Be sure to check out Dr. Tesei’s latest publication:
🔗 amazon.co.uk/Syriac-Legend-Alexanders-Gate-Apocalypticism/dp/0197646875
💬 Like, share, subscribe, and drop your thoughts in the comments—this is one you won’t want to miss!
Prof. Petersen unpacks the often-overlooked history of Islamic presence in Britain—revealing its archaeological traces and deeper historical significance. From hidden artifacts to forgotten sites, this one’s packed with insight 🔍📜
🎧 Don’t miss this journey through layers of time and heritage!
👇 For more from Professor Petersen:
📽️ The Archaeology of Islam in Britain (2012): youtu.be/x0iEsl2IwRA?si=9D7CzTw5rrpltpam
📚 Academia.edu: https://lamp.academia.edu/AndrewPetersen
📸 Instagram: instagram.com/andrewduncanpetersen/?hl=en
We explore the intricate themes woven into Persian poetry and its powerful influence on the socio-political landscape 🏛️🖋️. Additionally, we take a critical look at the contemporary movement toward de-Islamization in Persian poetic works, discussing what this shift means for the future of this revered literary tradition 🔍📚.
Join us for a conversation that not only celebrates the rich heritage of Persian poetry but also offers unique insights into its transformative journey through history 🌍💫.
For more insights from Muhammad Ali Mojaradi, visit his website 🌐👉 persianpoetics.com/.
You can also follow him on twitter.com/sharghzadeh) 🐦 and instagram.com/sharghzadeh 📸 to stay updated on his latest work and reflections.
Check Out the Full Podcast: Epigraphy and Religion and Language in Pre-Islamic Arabia with Prof. Ahmad Al-Jallad youtu.be/_mN-pMJCKaQ
Check Out the Full Podcast: The Last Great War of Antiquity with Mr. James Howard-Johnston youtu.be/gTmy92uV-aw
Check Out the Full Podcast: Did Muhammad Exist?: An Academic Response to a Popular Question with Dr. Joshua Little youtu.be/Tm9QU5uB3To
And to find more of Dr. Little’s work,
check out his website 🌐👉 islamicorigins.com/. 📚✨
2:43 - Table of Contents
4:18 - Introduction
10:15 - Part 1: The Historical Context
10:24 - Political Chronology
14:33 - al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi
18:03 - Part 2: Manuscripts and Canonisation
18:15 - The Manuscript Evidence
23:38 - Evidence from Quranic Scholarship
29:41 - Evident Canonisation
32:36 - The Bounds for Canonisation
34:00 - Part 3: Accounts of al-Hajjaj and the Quran
34:08 - Muslim Sources / Christian Sources
34:16 - John of Damascus (c. 730 CE)
45:52 - The Monk of Beth Hale (late 8th / early 9th C. CE)
49:24 - Pseudo-Leo (late 8th or late 9th C. CE)
54:55 - Pseudo-Abraham (c. 813-833 CE)
55:39 - al-Kindi (9th C. CE?)
57:28 - Summary of Christian Accounts
58:14 - Ali b. Mushir (d. 804-805 CE)
1:00:05 - Abu Bakr b. ‘Ayyash (d. 809 CE)
1:00:55 - Muhammad b. Fudayl (d. 810-811 CE)
1:01:46 - Ibn Zabalah (d. post-814 CE)
1:02:47 - ‘Abbad b. Suhayb (d. post-817 CE)
1:05:06 - al-Sahmi (d. 823 CE)
1:05:54 - Ibn Shabbah (d. 876 CE)
1:06:45 - Ibn ‘Abd al-Hakam (d. 882 CE)
1:09:18 - al-Baladhuri (d. post-883 CE)
1:09:51 - Ibn Qutayba (d. 889 CE)
1:10:19 - Hamzah al-Isfahani (d. 970-971 CE)
1:12:16 - Ibn ‘Atiyyah (d. 1147 CE)
1:13:38 - Summary of the Muslim Accounts
1:14:16 - Sidenote on Sources
1:15:24 - Summary
1:16:16 - Part 4: Arguments for al-Hajjaj as the Canoniser of the Quran
1:16:37 - Note: Three Distinct Hypotheses
1:18:11 - Cont.
1:18:43 - Argument # 1: Early Non-Muslim Silence
1:19:07 - Argument # 2: Lack of Infrastructure and Technology
1:19:36 - Argument # 3: Absence of Pre-Marwanid Qurans
1:20:07 - Argument # 4: Christian Reports
1:20:39 - Argument # 5: Muslim Reports
1:21:04 - Summary
1:21:32 - Part 5: Arguments against al-Hajjaj as the Canoniser of the Quran
1:21:59 - Counter # 1: Non-Muslim Silence = Equivocal
1:24:28 - Cont.
1:26:38 - Counter # 2: Infrastructure and Technology
1:31:08 - Counter # 3: Christian Reports = Dubious
1:32:57 - Counter # 4: Muslim Reports against al-Hajjaj
1:55:23 - Counter # 5: Pre-Marwanid Manuscripts
1:59:42 - Counter # 6: Exegetical Confusion
2:02:05 - Counter # 7: Lack of Anachronisms
2:05:05 - Counter # 8: Pre-Marwanid Manuscript Style
2:07:02 - Counter # 9: Dating + Stemma
2:08:02 - Counter # 10: Anti-Marwanid Sects
2:11:16 - Counter # 11: Hadith Rejectionism
2:17:00 - Summary
2:18:57 - Counters to Re-Canonisation
2:22:39 - Part 6: What Actually Happened? Tying in all the evidence
2:22:46 - Explaining the Evidence
2:23:52 - What Likely Happened
2:26:42 - Loose Ends
2:28:55 - Conclusion/Summary
2:30:05 - Q&A + Discussion
For those who are interested in exploring more of Dr. Little's work, I highly recommend visiting his website, islamicorigins.com I find it extremely useful, particularly for its in-depth content on topics related to hadith.
check out his website 🌐👉 islamicorigins.com/. 📚✨
4:06 - Introduction
17:00 - Part 1: The Sources for Muhammad
20:14 - Part 2: Problems with Biographical Hadith
21:28 - Problem 1: Prior Probability of Fabrication
25:32 - Problem 2: Reports of Fabrication
26:28 - Problem 3: The Lateness of the Sources
29:39 - Problem 4: Bias
35:40 - Problem 5: Propaganda
38:33 - Problem 6: Anachronisms
46:45 - Problem 7: Supernatural
49:54 - Problem 8: Implausible Scenarios
55:14 - Problem 9: Internal Contradictions
55:57 - Problem 10: External Contradictions
57:25 - Problem 11: Implausible Transmission
1:02:28 - Problem 12: The Lateness of Isnads
1:09:08 - Problem 13: The Madinan Bottleneck
1:13:00 - Problem 14: The Mode of Transmission
1:13:41 - Problem 15: The Growth of Material
1:14:38 - Problem 16: Early Rapid Distortion
1:18:49 - Problem 17: Artificial Narrative Structures
1:23:30 - Problem 18: Storyteller Construction
1:25:11 - Problem 19: Exegesis in Disguise
1:27:09 - Problem 20: Amnesia and Discontinuity
1:30:28 - Problem 21: No Effective Countermeasures
1:36:43 - Summary
1:37:37 - Part 3: The Rise of Muhammad Mythicism
1:41:30 - Consequent Skepticism
1:44:21 - Consequent Mythicism
1:46:27 - Crone and Cook: Revisionist but not Mythicist
1:49:11 - The Western Mythicist Tradition
1:52:57 - Nevo and Koren
1:53:35 - Ohlig et al.
1:54:00 - Jansen
1:54:45 - Robert Spencer
1:57:33 - Part 4: The Arguments for Muhammad Mythicism
1:57:38 - Argument 1: Argument from Silence
1:58:32 - Argument 2: “Muhammad” = Jesus
2:00:37 - Argument 3: Mythic Biography
2:02:20 - Summary
2:02:30 - Part 5: Criticisms of Muhammad Mythicism, Part 1: The Worst-Case Scenario
2:02:38 - For the Sake of Argument...
2:05:16 - Counter 1: Pan-Islamic Agreement
2:10:00 - Counter 2: Trans-Sectarian Agreement
2:13:31 - Counter 3: Inexpedient Agreement
2:15:47 - Counter 4: Non-Mythic Biography
2:20:32 - Counter 5: Silence ≠ Non-Existence
2:25:49 - Counter 6: “Muhammad” ≠ “Chosen One”
2:31:33 - Counter 7: “Muhammad” is a Proper Name
2:35:48 - Counter 8: No Jesus Connection
2:39:15 - Counter 9: Silence ≠ Non-Existence Again
2:43:00 - Summary of Worst-Case Scenario
2:45:30 - Part 6: Criticisms of Muhammad Mythicism, Part 2: The More Optimistic Scenario
2:45:55 - Counter 10: Early Common Links
2:47:17 - Counter 11: The Constitution of Madinah
2:49:00 - Counter 12: The Quran
2:52:26 - Counter 13: Non-Muslim Writings
2:58:52 - Thomas the Presbyter (c. 640 CE)
3:00:09 - The Chronicler of Khuzistan (c. 660 CE)
3:00:53 - Pseudo-Sebeos (c. 660s CE)
3:03:44 - Counter 14: The Reliability of Genealogy
3:06:08 - Summary of More Optimistic Scenario
3:07:37 - Part 7: Some Comments on Mythicist Methodology
3:07:43 - The Mythicist Strategy
3:09:40 - Explanations that create more problems than they solve
3:10:34 - Unnecessary Contradictions
3:12:25 - Conclusion
3:13:00 - Questions
Check Out the Full Podcast: Epigraphy and Religion and Language in Pre-Islamic Arabia (youtu.be/_mN-pMJCKaQ)
Check Out the Full Podcast: What kind of Arabic is the Qur’an? (youtu.be/mn4Ch4jhK5s)


