Uploaded December 2015 | Updated September 2026, 32 minutes ago
This lecture will introduce some of the most interesting and important questions historians of the American Civil War are asking today. These include: what role did slaves themselves play in the end of slavery? How did the Union Army defeat the Confederacy and win the war? It will also debunk some persistent myths that sometimes overshadow these real questions, including the claim that the Confederacy fought for states' rights rather than for the perpetuation of slavery. Even if you have never given a thought to the Civil War, you will come away from this lecture able to discuss and debate this defining moment in US history.
Andrew Zimmerman is Professor of History and International Affairs in the Department of History at The George Washington University. Professor Zimmerman received his BA in history from the University of California, Los Angeles, his M.Phil. in history and the philosophy of science from Darwin College, Cambridge University, and his PhD in history from the University of California, San Diego. He has also studied at Humboldt- Universität in Berlin and at Universität Wien in Vienna. Professor Zimmerman’s research focuses on modern Germany, the United States, and West Africa. He is working on a project tentatively titled "Slaves and Soldiers in the Red and Black Atlantic: A Transnational and Revolutionary History of the American Civil War."
Views expressed in this video are those of the speaker and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Capital Area Skeptics (NCAS).
This lecture will introduce some of the most interesting and important questions historians of the American Civil War are asking today. These include: what role did slaves themselves play in the end of slavery? How did the Union Army defeat the Confederacy and win the war? It will also debunk some persistent myths that sometimes overshadow these real questions, including the claim that the Confederacy fought for states' rights rather than for the perpetuation of slavery. Even if you have never given a thought to the Civil War, you will come away from this lecture able to discuss and debate this defining moment in US history.
Andrew Zimmerman is Professor of History and International Affairs in the Department of History at The George Washington University. Professor Zimmerman received his BA in history from the University of California, Los Angeles, his M.Phil. in history and the philosophy of science from Darwin College, Cambridge University, and his PhD in history from the University of California, San Diego. He has also studied at Humboldt- Universität in Berlin and at Universität Wien in Vienna. Professor Zimmerman’s research focuses on modern Germany, the United States, and West Africa. He is working on a project tentatively titled "Slaves and Soldiers in the Red and Black Atlantic: A Transnational and Revolutionary History of the American Civil War."
Views expressed in this video are those of the speaker and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Capital Area Skeptics (NCAS).


![The Latest Evidence for the Apollo Landings (Marty McGuire)
A 2021 poll* of US adults asked, “In your opinion, how likely is it that the following [scenario is] true? The 1969 landing on the moon didn’t occur and was actually staged somewhere in Arizona.”
The results showed that 27% answered with “not sure,” “probably true,” or “definitely true!”
This poll isn’t an outlier. It’s consistent with another poll** taken that year, showing 29% with similar responses!
Especially concerning is that these beliefs are more prevalent among younger generations, those born after 1980.
We skeptics have seen this situation play out again and again an evidence-based rational claim is rejected by a sizable portion of the public, which instead supports an apparently absurd alternative explanation for the evidence. What can we do?
Our next speaker has stepped up to the challenge. On his own initiative, Marty McGuire (the “Backyard Astronomy Guy” of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania) examined the publicly available online science data compiled by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). ISRO’s Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft has surveyed the Moon’s surface from orbit for several years. In April 2021, it flew especially close to the Apollo 11 and 12 landing sites, obtaining the best images of those historic sites since 1969.
Mr. McGuire will demonstrate how he was able to (as anyone who wants to have a look for themselves can) obtain the raw images from ISRO and process them. He’s shared the instructions and images across social media for the benefit of any other “do it yourself” researchers. He and NCAS President Scott Snell (an engineer for NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter) will discuss this and other evidence of the Apollo landings.
Mr. McGuire, a marketing director for a community bank by day, is also a “NASA Solar System Ambassador” volunteer, communicating the science and excitement of NASAs space exploration missions and discoveries with people in his community. By night he is an amateur astronomer, known online as the “Backyard Astronomy Guy.”
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the speaker and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Capital Area Skeptics (NCAS).
* The Economist/YouGov Poll, “Belief in Conspiracy Theories,” https://docs.cdn.yougov.com/w2zmwpzsq0/econTabReport.pdf
** University of New Hampshire, Carsey School of Public Policy, “Conspiracy vs. Science: A Survey of U.S. Public Beliefs,” https://scholars.unh.edu/carsey/448/
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#PublicOutreach The Latest Evidence for the Apollo Landings (Marty McGuire)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/xcNV2uQiUrA/mqdefault.jpg)


