How to Read a Phylogenetic Tree (with JG Science) CambrianScience 2022-04-12 | This video will give you the basics of understanding a phylogenetic tree, in case you've been horrifically confused for all my other videos. This is part of a collaboration with JG Science that he reached out about making three years ago, and we have just now got around to finishing, mainly because I've been busy with my master's degree work, which put video-making on the back burner. Normal videos will resume after this.JG Science's video: youtu.be/7aofA9xgpD4
Why were there so many Sailbacks in the Early Permian? #shorts CambrianScience 2021-08-12 | An answer to a question that may be on your mind (if you're cool). My regular viewers already know so you should join them.
The Origin of Warm-Bloodedness #shorts CambrianScience 2021-08-07 | An edited excerpt from "Evolution in the Middle Permian" about the evolution of endothermy in therapsids, the ancestors of mammals.
How did ancient land animals hear without Ear Drums? #shorts CambrianScience 2021-08-04 | Just experimenting with this format using an excerpt from the "Evolution in the Middle Permian" video that I've tweaked a little bit. I turned off notifications for this one since all my subs have probably already seen this.
The Last Great Sponge Reefs CambrianScience 2021-01-01 | Reefs haven't always been dominated by corals. More than 260 million years ago, massive sponges were the ones that built reefs across the world. But these reefs were about to face an unknown crisis that would make them the last of their kind.I hope it was worth the time it took to make. When I started this in April, I was still an undergraduate. Now I'm elderly.Sources and Additional Reading:The Difference Between...Rugose, Tabulate and Scleractinian coralspalaeopost.blogspot.com/2016/08/the-difference-betweenrugose-tabulate.htmlDifferent Phanerozoic Reefbuildershttps://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol100/lectures/31.htmlThe ecological evolution of reefsresearchgate.net/publication/234149123_The_ecological_evolution_of_reefsPermian Reefs and Carbonate Complexes, West Texashttp://sunstar-solutions.com/sunstar/geology/Permian/PermianTX.htmGuadalupe Mountains National Parknps.gov/gumo/learn/nature/geologicformations.htmIntroduction to the Geology of the Permian Reef Complex, Guadalupe and Delaware Mountains, New Mexico & West Texashttps://geoinfo.nmt.edu/tour/federal/parks/PermianReef/home.html#gensetThe Final Extinction of Trilobitestrilobites.info/lasttrilos.htmMass Extinction and their Aftermath [Freshwater Eurypterids]books.google.com/books?id=06yrErJt_NsC&vq=eurypterid&hl=enPaleozoogeography of Late Paleozoic and Triassic Malacostracajstor.org/stable/2412793?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents"Earth" shrimp ah, real shrimp, really shrimp, is real shrimp...[Badly auto-translated Chinese title]zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/55133790Pygocephalus from the Upper Carboniferous of the Soviet Unionjstor.org/stable/1304160?seq=7#metadata_info_tab_contentsMiscellaneous Late Paleozoic Malacostraca of the Soviet Union [Isopod]decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/22275/22275.pdfIsopodahttp://tolweb.org/Isopoda/6320/1997.08.06On the Fossil Anaspidacea, with a Revision of the Classification of the Syncaridajstor.org/stable/pdf/20102484.pdfBringing Fossils to Life Through Art [Mantis Shrimp]fieldmuseum.org/blog/bringing-fossils-life-through-artModel-based multi-locus estimation of decapod phylogeny and divergence times decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/10268/10268.pdfLatest Permian deep-water ostracods from southwestern Guangxi, South Chinaresearchgate.net/publication/249544857_Latest_Permian_deep-water_ostracods_from_southwestern_Guangxi_South_ChinaCrustaceans from bitumen clast in Carboniferous glacial diamictite extend fossil record of copepodsnature.com/articles/ncomms1049Deep-sea benthopelagic calanoid copepods and their colonization of the near-bottom environmentsemanticscholar.org/paper/Deep-sea-benthopelagic-calanoid-copepods-and-their-Bradford%E2%80%90Grieve/e5144357ee6ec3847da776d0c944e9bc155fe1a6?p2dfVolcanism, Mass Extinction, and Carbon Isotope Fluctuations in the Middle Permian of Chinaresearchgate.net/publication/234998800_Volcanism_Mass_Extinction_and_Carbon_Isotope_Fluctuations_in_the_Middle_Permian_of_ChinaThe Middle Permian (Capitanian) mass extinction on land and in the oceanssciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001282521000084XThe Capitanian Age of the Guadalupian Epoch: 260 to 266 million years agohttp://palaeos.com/paleozoic/permian/capitanian.htmlRestoration of reef ecosystems following the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary mass extinction: Evidence from the Laibin area, South Chinasciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018217305096Permian reefs re-examined: extrinsic control mechanisms of gradual and abrupt changes during 40 my of reef evolutionsciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016699502000669
Evolution in the Middle Permian CambrianScience 2020-04-11 | A look at some of the many strange evolutionary events that occurred among the Middle Permian tetrapods, including the ancestors of all of today's mammals and reptiles. I've been working on this one since last April, but life gets in the way, ya know.Sources and Additional Reading:Capitanian (Middle Permian) Extinction:sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S001282521000084XEarly Permian Gap/Extinction:pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/40/4/339/130877Permian tetrapod biochronology, correlation and evolutionary events:sp.lyellcollection.org/content/450/1/405THE OLDEST THEROCEPHALIANS (THERAPSIDA, EUTHERIODONTIA) AND THE EARLY DIVERSIFICATION OF THERAPSIDA:onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00784.xChanges in Permo‐Triassic terrestrial tetrapod ecological representation in the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa:onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00171.xReconstructing the diversity of early terrestrial herbivorous tetrapods:sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018212006347Middle Permian continental biodiversity changes as reflected in the Beaufort Group of South Africa: a bio-and lithostratigraphic review of the Eodicynodon, Tapinocephalus and Pristerognathus assemblage zones:http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/14014High-precision U-Pb CA-TIMS calibration of Middle Permian to Lower Triassic sequences, mass extinction and extreme climate-change in eastern Australian Gondwana:sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1342937X14002706#f0090Upper Permian vertebrates and their sedimentological context in the South Urals, Russia:sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825204000911?via%3DihubArchaeosyodon:http://www.kheper.net/evolution/therapsida/Brithopodidae.html#ArchaeosyodonThe Origins of the Cochlea and Impedance Matching Hearing in Synapsids:bioone.org/journals/Acta-Palaeontologica-Polonica/volume-61/issue-2/app.00140.2014/The-Origins-of-the-Cochlea-and-Impedance-Matching-Hearing-in/10.4202/app.00140.2014.fullThe original boneheads: histologic analysis of the pachyostotic skull roof in Permian burnetiamorphs (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia):onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/joa.12987New information on the morphology and stratigraphic range of the mid‐Permian gorgonopsian Eriphostoma microdon Broom, 1911:onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/spp2.1012The oldest cynodont: new clues on the origin and early diversification of the Cynodontia:academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/149/3/477/2630937Oxygen isotopes suggest elevated thermometabolism within multiple PermoTriassic therapsid clades:cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/28589/elife-28589-v1.pdfEvolutionary Patterns Among Permo-Triassic Therapsids:annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114113A comparison of Late Permian Gondwanan and Laurasian amniote faunas:sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0899536200000816Olson's Extinction: The Permian's Dirty Little Secret Die-off:discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/olsons-extinction-the-permians-dirty-little-secret-die-offDINOSAUR RENAISSANCE:tuda.triumf.ca/evolution/articles/scientificamerican0475-58.pdf
Creatures of the Permian Depths CambrianScience 2019-03-30 | A video about the last sea monsters of the Paleozoic. Spoilers: this video starts with a "Prion-" and ends with a "-prion". Purely by accident.I thought this would be an easy video.Sources and Additional Info:Prionosuchus:sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895981116300104Mesosaurs:tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08912963.2012.662230Phytoplankton:sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666713000468Coelacanthus:cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/on-the-permian-coelacanth-coelacanthus-granulatus-ag/4572BD0F8CE501B199626BA6B8D50EB0Helicoprion:http://www.eartharchives.org/articles/buzzsaw-toothed-leviathans-cruised-the-ancient-seasCrustaceans:deepdyve.com/lp/wiley/carboniferous-crustaceans-BQuAU3eelDTrilobites:pubs.geoscienceworld.org/jpaleontol/article/79/4/702/83639/first-carboniferous-protaspid-larvae-trilobitaColeoids:onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cla.12131onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00086.xajol.info/index.php/ajms/article/view/66472/54196Actinopterygians:pnas.org/content/109/34/13698.fullhttps://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol431/lectures/08osteichthyes.htmlEuchondrocephalans:http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/chondrichthyes/holocephali.html
The Land of the Sailbacks: An Early Permian Safari CambrianScience 2018-10-18 | A comprehensive look at the first large land animal fauna in Earth's history. Hope it was worth the wait (284,000,000 years plus 4 months).Sources and Additional Reading:Origins and Early Evolution of Herbivory in Tetrapods:sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169534797012573The Non-marine Permian:books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EmPvCQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA197&dq=edaphosaurus&ots=h6rHpL_wj6&sig=oGQZDhVF4SWtaoAfAqldEICg6Ug#v=onepage&q=edaphosaurus&f=falseGlobal Permian Tetrapod Biostratigraphy and Biochronology:http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/265/1/65.shortWalchian Conifers:sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666713001450Caudal automony in Captorhinids:nature.com/articles/s41598-018-21526-3The Evolution of Milk Secretion:cambridge.org/core/journals/animal/article/div-classtitlethe-evolution-of-milk-secretion-and-its-ancient-originsdiv/B4E27A6A394CB0C53F1CF4FD6B247409Tetrapod Bioenergetics:link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-87810-7_21Varanopid Scales:link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12542-018-0405-9Synapsid Homologies:http://tolweb.org/notes/?note_id=466Varanopid Parental Care:researchgate.net/publication/5992898_A_mixed-age_classed_%27pelycosaur%27_aggregation_from_South_Africa_Earliest_evidence_of_parental_care_in_amniotesDinosaur Renaissance:jstor.org/stable/24949774?seq=8#metadata_info_tab_contentsDiversity of Early Herbivorous Tetrapods:sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018212006347Diadectid ankles:http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1666/0022-3360%282003%29077%3C0172%3AHOTAAS%3E2.0.CO%3B2
Into the Permian Swamps CambrianScience 2018-06-15 | In the early Permian, many of the ancient Carboniferous forests remained, and they were filled with lots of strange creatures new and old. This video took like 4 months to make so yall better write me into your will or something.Sources and Additional Info:http://discovermagazine.com/2012/nov/04-into-the-permian-woodssciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666701000458annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.earth.29.1.461#_i3bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-016-0634-zhttp://steurh.home.xs4all.nl/engplant/eblad3.htmlhttp://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/02/14/1115076109sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666799000330http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2110/palo.2011.p11-112ren.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meganeuropsisen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerobatrachusen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnoscelishttp://palaeos.com/metazoa/mollusca/gastropoda/overview.htmlsciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180207090142.htmhttps://www.journals.uchicago.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/uchicago/journals/content/jg/2002/jg.2002.110.issue-1/324203/production/images/large/fg2a.jpeghttp://palaeos.com/paleozoic/permian/cisuralian.htmlPermian phytogeography:https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/324203
Welcome to the Permian Period CambrianScience 2018-03-15 | Here we are, ladies and gentlemen. You're just in time to learn about the Permian period: a unique world before the dinosaurs that is unlike anything else in Earth's history.Here's to five years since my first video on this channel back on Pi Day 2013. I'd like to thank all those who stuck with me.Sources and additional reading:dsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Sci...322...64Hhttp://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescaleen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blattopterahttp://mem.lyellcollection.org/content/12/1/363livescience.com/43219-permian-period-climate-animals-plants.htmlnps.gov/gumo/planyourvisit/upload/Permian-Reef-Trail-Brochure_FINAL.pdf
The Origins of Pangea CambrianScience 2017-12-08 | Welcome to a new episode of Continent Cop.I promise the Permian videos won't take 3 years to make.Additional Reading:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195113001479http://palaeos.com/earth/paleogeography/pangea.htmlhttp://www.scotese.com/newpage4.htmnews.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/09/080905-pangaea-suction.htmlhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018214005409http://phl.upr.edu/projects/visual-paleo-earthpubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/article-lookup/38/12/1079
The Great Coal Forests of the Carboniferous CambrianScience 2017-10-03 | It's time to learn again.Carboniferous Forest Simulator:http://extra-life.de/index.htmlAdditional Material:http://www.geologyclass.org/cambrian_concepts3.htmhttp://www.palaeontologyonline.com/articles/2011/fossil-focus-coal-swampsen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizodusen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibbertopterusen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidodendronen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_foresten.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferous_rainforest_collapse
The Rise of the Tetrapods CambrianScience 2017-08-19 | A video all about the four-legged creatures of the Carboniferous period. Unless they lost their legs, which happens.EDIT 3.8.19: Why does this keep happening to me? There was a section on Embolomeres suggesting that some where marine, based on information courtesy of paleos.com, but when researching a new video I couldn't find any specific evidence that there were any marine species. Many sources say that the Trematosauroids are the only marine non-amniote tetrapods, so I'm removing the Embolomeri section for now. I'm sure you're devastated.EDIT 10.3.17: I had a section about Lepospondyls, but it was removed because it turns out the group is probably a paraphyletic collection of reptiliomorphs, and the ones I featured, the aistopods, were found to be basal tetrapods as of earlier this year. Whoops.Sources/Additional Reading:http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2010.501445researchgate.net/publication/213774566_The_origin_of_modern_amphibians_A_re-evaluation?_sg=e0QOGjlCPwVBAE33CPbX3oWk23A79pWKkko1G1G6ZZdZFyMLN4uSyDzQ4JaR5cfuYV_6ARP8HU1bFelVhaCsHe_KxMX5A2W5LgLgnx1N4fKtLAhttp://pondside.uchicago.edu/oba/faculty/coates/5.RutCoaQuick2003.pdfsciencedaily.com/releases/2017/06/170619151534.htmhttp://palaeos.com/vertebrates/lepospondyli/index.htmlhttp://palaeos.com/vertebrates/temnospondyli/temnospondyli.htmlhttp://palaeos.com/vertebrates/reptiliomorpha/embolomeri.htmlhttp://palaeos.com/vertebrates/reptiliomorpha/diadectomorpha.htmlhttp://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/a/anthracosaurus.htmlhttp://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/c/casineria.htmlhttp://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/w/westlothiana.htmlhttp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Temnospondyli/Vertebrae.htmlen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pederpesen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whatcheeriidaeen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crassigyrinusen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temnospondylien.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchiosaurusen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrerpetonen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepospondylien.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aistopodaen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophiderpetonen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolomerien.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptiliomorphaen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeothyrisen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinerpeton
All About Ancient Carboniferous Bugs CambrianScience 2017-06-27 | We finally made it. At last, a video on a topic that everyone already knows about anyway. Just FYI, the exact time frame of the whole insect family tree bit is based off of one study, so the dates of these events may be up in the air.Sources and Additional Reading:http://www.sci-news.com/biology/science-family-tree-insects-02264.htmlhttp://www.eartharchives.org/articles/the-biggest-insect-ever-was-a-huge-dragonflyen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meganeurahttp://palaeoentomolog.ru/New/dictyo.htmlen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeodictyopteroideahttp://palaeos.com/metazoa/arthropoda/palaeodictyopteroida/palaeodictyoptera.htmlhttps://www.academia.edu/256387/Fossils_Explained_Trigonotarbidshttp://tolweb.org/Acari/2554/1996.12.13http://tolweb.org/Opilioneshttp://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/p/pulmonoscorpius.htmlhttp://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/a/arthropleura.htmlbooks.google.com/books?id=odQmAAAAQBAJhttp://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/z92-037#.WTrVpIWcHIUhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v503/n7475/full/nature12629.htmlhttp://palaeos.com/metazoa/arthropoda/odonatoptera/meganisoptera.html
The Many Plants of the Carboniferous CambrianScience 2017-04-27 | If only my computer was as good at rendering videos without crashing as Carboniferous plants were at oxygenating the Earth's atmosphere, this video might have been out like a month ago. Actually it took the plants like 50 million years so maybe not.Sources:http://petrifiedwoodmuseum.org/SOLycopodiophyta.htmhttp://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/LepidoDwg.htmlhttp://www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/SigillariaDwg.htmlhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/plants/sphenophyta/sphenofr.htmlhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/seedplants/seedplantsfr.htmlhttp://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Cordaites_Plant_Fossils?rec=2903britannica.com/plant/Cordaitesand a bunch of Wikipedia articles.
The Shallow Seas of the Carboniferous CambrianScience 2017-01-22 | Hey.Sources:http://palaeos.com/paleozoic/carboniferous/mississippian.htmen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematitidahttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02537462http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-90-481-2639-2_197http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/carboniferous/carboniferous.phphttp://www.elasmo-research.org/education/evolution/golden_age.htmbritannica.com/science/Carboniferous-Perioden.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iniopterygiformes
New Carboniferous Life CambrianScience 2015-06-04 | After the Devonian extinction, new types of tetrapods, fish, plants, and other organisms of the world repopulated, some of which lead to more modern fauna and flora.Sources:http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v418/n6893/full/nature00824.htmlhttps://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/5994http://www.evolutionpages.com/pederpes%20finneyae.htmhttp://animals.about.com/od/bonyfishes/p/ray-finned-fishes.htmhttp://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/o/orthacanthus.htmlhttp://palaeos.com/paleozoic/carboniferous/mississippian.htm
Welcome to the Carboniferous CambrianScience 2015-03-28 | Sources:http://palaeos.com/paleozoic/carboniferous/mississippian.htmhttp://palaeos.com/paleozoic/carboniferous/carboniferous.htmhttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/carboniferous/carboniferous.phphttp://forces.si.edu/atmosphere/02_02_06.htmlhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/95185/Carboniferous-Period/69907/Plantshttp://paleobiology.si.edu/geotime/main/htmlversion/mississippian3.htmlhttp://taggart.glg.msu.edu/isb200/carbfor.htm
Cambrian Science Season 3: A Ridiculously Short and Long Overdue Teaser Trailer CambrianScience 2014-12-20 | Season 3 has been taking a while longer than I expected. I'm not sure exactly when it will be finished, but probably in the first half of 2015. Yes, it will have 3D animation.
The Late Devonian Extinction CambrianScience 2014-08-01 | One of the biggest mass extinctions of all time, the Late Devonian extinction occurred over a long period of events that, overall, wiped out up to 80% of all life.Sources:http://www.ctmcm.com/Geology/Devonian.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Devonian_extinctionhttp://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/dinosaurs-other-extinct-creatures/mass-extinctions/late-devonian-mass-extinction/index.htmlhttp://www.devoniantimes.org/opportunity/massExtinction.html...and maybe a few more I forgot about.
The Earths First Forests CambrianScience 2014-07-08 | The world's first forests appeared during the Late Devonian period, and have diversified since.
Devonian Period: The Age of Fish CambrianScience 2014-06-20 | The most prolific time period for the evolution and proliferation of fish was the Devonian Period. Jawless fish, sharks, coelacanths, placoderms, and many more all flourished.Origins of the coelacanth paper(which was helpful):http://www.marine.fks.ed.jp/images/coela/sympo/p1-3.pdfPolish Tetrapod Tracks:http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v463/n7277/abs/nature08623.html
Devonian Plants CambrianScience 2014-06-03 | The Devonian period was a productive time for plants. Many new groups arose and the first trees and seeds appeared.
Devonian Sea Life CambrianScience 2014-05-11 | During the Devonian, a huge amount of biodiversity lived in the oceans. Trilobites, orthocones, ammonites, and many other animals lived among the reefs and on the sea floor.
The First Insects CambrianScience 2014-04-17 | Insecta is the largest and most successful group of animals of all time. The first insect fossils date back to the Devonian Period.
Eight Meter Mushrooms and Other Fungi of the Devonian CambrianScience 2014-04-03 | Fungi are an often overlooked group of organisms that have an interesting history, with their rise to prominence taking place in the Devonian. This is the first fungus video I have made, partially because the Google Image Search Results are horid.
Evolution of the Circle (π Day Special) CambrianScience 2014-03-19 | =Music: "Cells" by The Servants (instrumental)=The circle, which appears frequently in nature, has evolved over millions of years in different animal lineages with diverse results. This video is a celebration of π day (somewhat late) and the first anniversary of Cambrian Science. Videos used:youtube.com/watch?v=bW3sqB7RTIcyoutube.com/watch?v=G7WT81ukHZEyoutube.com/watch?v=0eoEZVThVCkyoutube.com/watch?v=2eLhud7DURQyoutube.com/watch?v=gLK71-vsi2Eyoutube.com/watch?v=_8WbEP25pucyoutube.com/watch?v=wDabUHE73PY
Welcome to the Devonian CambrianScience 2014-03-09 | The Devonian Period was the fourth period of the Paleozoic Era. I don't feel like doing an elaborate description because it is midnight.
The Euramerican Continent: Silurian Geography CambrianScience 2014-02-15 | Thanks to the University of Northern Iowa for a wealth of information about this topic.http://faculty.cns.uni.edu/~groves/EHCh14lecturept03.pdfThe Euramerican continent was a merging of what is now North America and Europe. Unlike present day when Europe is a separate continent. Oh wait, it's not.
Silurian Lakes, Rivers, and Ponds CambrianScience 2014-01-25 | More species lived in these inland environments during the Silurian than at any time before. See the creatures that paved the way for our freshwater friends today.
Silurian Land Ecosystems CambrianScience 2013-12-23 | Plants during the Silurian evolved vascular systems to allow for upward growth, while the first permanently terrestrial animals first appeared.
Fish of the Silurian Period CambrianScience 2013-11-20 | Many of the main groups of fish that we have today first evolved during the Silurian, along with many stranger types.
Trilobites of the Silurian CambrianScience 2013-10-20 | After the Ordovician-Silurian Extinction, a few groups of trilobites remained. They basically sat around and did nothing for 200 million years.
Welcome to the Silurian CambrianScience 2013-10-05 | The Silurian, the shortest period of the Paleozoic, was still very important. The basic information regarding this period is here.
Cambrian Science: Season Two (Silurian and Devonian) TRAILER CambrianScience 2013-09-05 | --Song Credits: "Just Like You Imagined" by Nine Inch Nails--The trailer for season two of Cambrian Science, which will look at the events of the Silurian and Devonian periods when life in the oceans continued and life on land started to establish itself.
The Ordovician-Silurian Extinction Event CambrianScience 2013-07-29 | This mass extinction, the first of five since the Cambrian Explosion, was the result of a bitter ice age 443 million years ago. Over 80% of species on Earth were wiped out, making it more potent than the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs.
Ordovician Reef Ecosystems CambrianScience 2013-07-26 | Reefs became a power player in marine ecosystems for the first time during the Ordovician, with many diverse types and forms of them spreading through the shallow seas of the period.
Origin of the Jaw CambrianScience 2013-07-11 | Jaws are the key components to most vertebrate skeletons: it is what we owe our success to more than anything else. But where did they...come from? The answer is actually quite simple.
Geological History of America CambrianScience 2013-07-04 | Happy Independence Day everyone! Instead of a normal Cambrian Science this week, I decided to do a special video about our ancient heritage! Seriously though. Really, reeaaaallly ancient. Enjoy.
All About Ordovician Cephalopods CambrianScience 2013-06-28 | The Cephalopods of the Ordovician were an unusual and diverse lot. While squids and octopuses had not evolved from them yet, many weird and wonderful forms existed.
The First Plants CambrianScience 2013-06-21 | The first definite land plants evolved during the Ordovician period. They changed the planet forever.THiS is Their EPIC $tory Of h0pe, RedempTion, anD ROM@Nce. HASHTAG ERMAGERD.
Trilobites of the Ordovician (plus Anatomy of Trilobite Eyes) CambrianScience 2013-06-13 | Trilobites hit their peak during the Ordovician. Old groups continued on, new groups emerged, and crazy new forms evolved.
The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event CambrianScience 2013-06-07 | Although less famous than the Cambrian Explosion, the GOBE (a.k.a. Ordovician radiation) was important in establishing complex marine ecosystems, as well as more modern sea life.
Welcome to the Ordovician CambrianScience 2013-05-30 | Few people have heard of the Ordovician Period, but it was one of the most important periods in Earth's history. Many familiar sea creatures evolved, and life took first steps onto land.
The Cambrian Biosphere CambrianScience 2013-05-09 | The ecosystems of the Cambrian period may not have been the most complex, but the amount of biodiversity is spectacular considering there was virtually none before it. This video is a walkthrough of how the animals and habitats of the Cambrian progressed as the period went on and how it came to end.Sources:www.wikpedia.orgwww.sciencedirect.comtolweb.orgwww.gsapubs.orgwww.palaeontologie.uni-wuerzburg.dewww.trilobites.infoAll of the non-photographs and non-charts in this video are made by me.
The Cambrian Globe CambrianScience 2013-05-03 | The geography of the Cambrian period, like today, had a big impact on its climate. This video shows the processes at work.
Trilobites of the Cambrian CambrianScience 2013-04-25 | This episode of Cambrian science gives you the basics about trilobites and their evolution during the Cambrian Period. This is my favorite one, actually.
The Maotianshan Shales CambrianScience 2013-04-12 | This video goes into depth about one of the largest fossil deposits of the Cambrian, with early fish, trilobites, and much more.
Ancient Ancestors from the Cambrian Period CambrianScience 2013-04-05 | Many modern groups have origins in the Cambrian Period. Some might surprise you.
