Food Security Workshop | Day 2: FarmVibes.AI Overview & Training Microsoft Research 2024-10-22 | Food Security Workshop | Day 2: FarmVibes.AI Overview & Training
CCEdit results Microsoft Research 2023-09-26 | This video demonstrates the video editing results in our CCEdit project. CCEdit is short for creative and controllable video editing based on diffusion models.
WiDS Fireside Chat with Jaime Teevan and Ming Ye Microsoft Research 2023-09-22 | Speakers: Jaime Teevan, Ming Ye, Gabriela de Queiroz Host: Gabriela de Queiroz Join the fireside chat event with Jaime Teevan and Ming Ye, hosted by Women in Data Science community on September 12th, 1-2pm PT.Join the community at https://aka.ms/widsUpcoming events and past event recordings can be found on https://aka.ms/wids_info
End-to-End Encrypted Group Chats with MLS: Design, Implementation and Verification Microsoft Research 2023-09-22 | Speakers: Théophile Wallez Host: Jonathan Protzenko MLS is a new IETF standard that deals with secure, end-to-end encrypted group messaging. In this work, recently awarded the Internet Defense Prize and a Distinguished Paper Award at USENIX, Théophile will describe how the protocol is structured; how it achieves security; and how our formal proof allowed to find flaws and shortcomings in MLS that eventually made it all the way up into the RFC. Our reference implementation, written in F*, is interoperable and can serve as a blueprint for other implementors; we also demonstrated its applicability by prototyping MLS in Skype.
Final intern talk: Improving Frechet Audio Distance for Generative Music Evaluation Microsoft Research 2023-09-22 | Speakers: Azalea Gui Host: Hannes Gamper As generative music models become more powerful and popular, there is a growing need for robust objective metrics of music quality that correlates with human perception. The Frechet Audio Distance (FAD) is a commonly used metric for this purpose. However, its performance may be hampered by issues including sample size bias, limitations of the underlying audio embeddings, and the use of low-quality reference sets. We propose reducing sample size bias by extrapolating unbiased scores as the sample size approaches infinity. A comparison of various audio embeddings reveals that some are better suited for deriving FAD scores that capture aspects of musical or acoustic quality. Finally, our experiments underscore the importance of choosing a diverse and high-quality reference dataset for FAD calculation. Listening test results indicate that unbiased FAD scores calculated using suitable embeddings and reference music improves correlation with human ratings of musical and acoustic quality.
Microsoft Research India - who we are. Microsoft Research 2023-09-15 | Employees from Microsoft Research India talk about their work, their aspirations to change the world and what makes MSR India such a great place to work in.See more at microsoft.com/en-us/research/lab/microsoft-research-india/.
Keypoint Detection for Measuring Body Size of Giraffes: Enhancing Accuracy and Precision Microsoft Research 2023-08-09 | Giraffes, especially the endangered Masai giraffes, face threats from illegal killing and habitat loss. Accurate body size measurements are crucial for understanding giraffe biology, but their unique body form poses challenges. Previous studies on giraffe size and growth have been limited by small sample sizes, captive animals, or dissected specimens. To address these limitations, this research project presents a solution for giraffe key point detection using photogrammetry and machine learning. The study utilizes a dataset of 29,806 giraffe images annotated with four key points: front bottom hoof, top ossicone, top head, and neck. Through preprocessing techniques and a vision model, accurate keypoints detection is achieved. The proposed method offers an efficient and noninvasive approach to measuring giraffe body size. By contributing to the understanding of giraffe proportions and growth patterns, this research advances the field of giraffe biology. The developed model can aid wildlife conservation organizations in effectively measuring and analyzing giraffe body size in the wild. This work fills a crucial gap in previous research efforts and offers valuable insights for giraffe conservation and management.Learn more about MARI: microsoft.com/en-us/research/group/microsoft-africa-research-institute-mari
Scalable and Efficient AI: From Supercomputers to Smartphones Microsoft Research 2023-08-04 | Speakers: Torsten Hoefler, Professor in the Scalable Parallel Computing Lab at ETH ZürichHost: Saeed Maleki, Principal Research SDE at Microsoft ResearchBillion-parameter artificial intelligence models have proven to show exceptional performance in a large variety of tasks ranging from natural language processing, computer vision, and image generation to mathematical reasoning and algorithm generation. Those models usually require large parallel computing systems, often called "AI Supercomputers", to be trained initially. We will outline several techniques ranging from data ingestion, parallelization, to accelerator optimization that improve the efficiency of such training systems. Yet, training large models is only a small fraction of practical artificial intelligence computations. Efficient inference is even more challenging - models with hundreds-of-billions of parameters are expensive to use. We continue by discussing model compression and optimization techniques such as fine-grained sparsity as well as quantization to reduce model size and significantly improve efficiency during inference. These techniques may eventually enable inference with powerful models on hand-held devices.
AI for Precision Health Microsoft Research 2023-07-18 | Join us as we explore how Microsoft Research leverages real-world observational data to optimize healthcare delivery and accelerate biomedical discovery. Witness the power of large language models in structuring patient records and facilitating just-in-time clinical trial matching. Learn how generative AI can be harnessed in multimodal learning and population-level causal discovery. Ultimately, the dream is to create a continuous learning health system and empower everyone in the planet to live a healthier life.See more at microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/ai-for-precision-health and microsoft.com/en-us/research/group/real-world-evidence
Multilingual Evaluation of Generative AI (MEGA) Microsoft Research 2023-07-07 | Generative AI models have impressive performance on many Natural Language Processing tasks such as language understanding, reasoning and language generation. One of the most important questions that is being asked by the AI community today is about the capabilities and limits of these models, and it is clear that evaluating generative AI is very challenging. Most studies on generative Large Language Models (LLMs) are restricted to English and it is unclear how capable these models are at understanding and generating other languages. We present the first comprehensive benchmarking of generative LLMs - MEGA, which evaluates models on standard NLP benchmarks, covering 8 diverse tasks and 33 typologically diverse languages. We also compare the performance of generative LLMs to State of the Art (SOTA) non-autoregressive models on these tasks to determine how well generative models perform compared to the previous generation of LLMs. We present a thorough analysis of the performance of models across languages and discuss some of the reasons why generative LLMs are currently not optimal for all languages. We create a framework for evaluating generative LLMs in the multilingual setting and provide directions for future progress in the field.See more at microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/multilingual-evaluation-of-generative-ai-mega
The Whole Truth and Nothing But the Truth: Faithful and Controllable Dialogue Response Generation... Microsoft Research 2023-07-07 | The Whole Truth and Nothing But the Truth: Faithful and Controllable Dialogue Response Generation with Dataflow Transduction and Constrained DecodingIn a real-world dialogue system, generated text must be truthful and informative while remaining fluent and adhering to a prescribed style. Satisfying these constraints simultaneously is difficult for the two predominant paradigms in language generation: neural language modeling and rule-based generation. We describe a hybrid architecture for dialogue response generation that combines the strengths of both paradigms. The first component of this architecture is a rule-based content selection model defined using a new formal framework called dataflow transduction, which uses declarative rules to transduce a dialogue agent's actions and their results (represented as dataflow graphs) into context-free grammars representing the space of contextually acceptable responses. The second component is a constrained decoding procedure that uses these grammars to constrain the output of a neural language model, which selects fluent utterances. Our experiments show that this system outperforms both rule-based and learned approaches in human evaluations of fluency, relevance, and truthfulness.See more at microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/the-whole-truth-and-nothing-but-the-truth-faithful-and-controllable-dialogue-response-generation-with-dataflow-transduction-and-constrained-decoding
Privacy-Preserving Domain Adaptation of Semantic Parsers Microsoft Research 2023-07-07 | Task-oriented dialogue systems often assist users with personal or confidential matters. For this reason, the developers of such a system are generally prohibited from observing actual usage. So how can they know where the system is failing and needs more training data or new functionality? In this work, we study ways in which realistic user utterances can be generated synthetically, to help increase the linguistic and functional coverage of the system, without compromising the privacy of actual users. To this end, we propose a two-stage Differentially Private (DP) generation method which first generates latent semantic parses, and then generates utterances based on the parses. Our proposed approach improves MAUVE by 3.8 and parse tree node-type overlap by 1.4 relative to current approaches for private synthetic data generation, improving both on fluency and semantic coverage. We further validate our approach on a realistic domain adaptation task of adding new functionality from private user data to a semantic parser, and show gains of 1.3 on its accuracy with the new feature.See more at microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/privacy-preserving-domain-adaptation-of-semantic-parsers
Microsoft’s Holoportation™ Communications Technology: Facilitating 3D Telemedicine Microsoft Research 2023-05-30 | Microsoft Research is collaborating with the UK National Health Service and the Ghana Ministry of Health to facilitate 3D Telemedicine. This video provides an overview of Microsoft's Holoportation™ communications technology, as well as the accomplishment of the first international multi-disciplinary team pre and post-op meeting (from Scotland to Ghana) using the system.Blog post: microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/3d-telemedicine-brings-better-care-to-underserved-and-rural-communities-even-across-continentsProject page: microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/3d-telemedicine
Human-Centered AI: Ensuring Human Control While Increasing Automation Microsoft Research 2023-05-05 | Speakers: Ben Shneiderman Host: Mary Czerwinski A new synthesis is emerging that integrates AI technologies with Human-Computer Interaction to produce Human-Centered AI (HCAI). Advocates of this new synthesis seek to amplify, augment, and enhance human abilities, so as to empower people, build their self-efficacy, support creativity, recognize responsibility, and promote social connections. Researchers, developers, business leaders, policy makers, and others are expanding the technology-centered scope of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to include Human-Centered AI (HCAI) ways of thinking. This expansion from an algorithm-focused view, which embraces a human-centered perspective, guides evaluation by usability testing, expert reviews, and user feedback strategies. These include user observation, incident reporting, audit trails, and surveys to assess trustworthiness. The talk will include examples, references to further work, and discussion time for questions. These ideas are drawn from Ben Shneiderman’s award-winning new book Human-Centered AI (Oxford University Press, 2022). Further information at: https://hcil.umd.edu/human-centered-ai
Escapement: A Tool for Interactive Prototyping with Video via Sensor-Mediated Abstraction of Time Microsoft Research 2023-05-03 | This CHI 2023 research video shows the Escapement interactive video-prototyping tool in action.Escapement is a video prototyping tool that introduces a powerful new concept for prototyping screen-based interfaces by flexibly mapping sensor values to dynamic playback control of videos. This recasts the time dimension of video mock-ups as sensor-mediated interaction. This abstraction of time as interaction, which we dub video-escapement prototyping, empowers designers to rapidly explore and viscerally experience direct touch or sensor-mediated interactions across one or more device displays. Our system affords cross-device and bidirectional remote (tele-present) experiences via cloud-based state sharing across multiple devices. This makes Escapement especially potent for exploring multi-device, dual-screen, or remote-work interactions for screen-based applications. We introduce the core concept of sensor-mediated abstraction of time for quickly generating video-based interactive prototypes of screen-based applications, share the results of observations of long-term usage of video-escapement techniques with experienced interaction designers, and articulate design choices for supporting a reflective, iterative, and open-ended creative design process. See more at microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/escapement-a-tool-for-interactive-prototyping-with-video-via-sensor-mediated-abstraction-of-time
AdHocProx: Sensing Mobile, Ad-Hoc Collaborative Device Formations using Dual Ultra-Wideband Radios Microsoft Research 2023-05-03 | This CHI 2023 video demonstrates AdHocProx, a system that uses device-relative, inside-out sensing to augment co-located collaboration across multiple devices, without recourse to externally-anchored beacons – or even reliance on WiFi connectivity. AdHocProx achieves this via sensors including dual ultra-wideband (UWB) radios for sensing distance and angle to other devices in dynamic, ad-hoc arrangements; plus capacitive grip to determine where the user’s hands hold the device, and to partially correct for the resulting UWB signal attenuation. All spatial sensing and communication takes place via the side-channel capability of the UWB radios, suitable for small-group collaboration across up to four devices (eight UWB radios). Together, these sensors detect proximity and natural, socially meaningful device movements to enable contextual interaction techniques. We find that AdHocProx can obtain 95% accuracy recognizing various ad-hoc device arrangements in an offline evaluation, with participants particularly appreciative of interaction techniques that automatically leverage proximity-awareness and relative orientation amongst multiple devices.See more at microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/adhocprox-sensing-mobile-ad-hoc-collaborative-device-formations-using-dual-ultra-wideband-radios
MARI Grand Seminar - Large Language Models and Low Resource Languages Microsoft Research 2023-05-01 | Watch our two-hour grand seminar on Large Language Models and Low Resource Languages. The event included a keynote by Dr. Monojit Choudhury titled “Predicting, Explaining and Optimizing Performance of LLMs across Languages,” where he discussed whether massively multilingual language models (MMLM) can be leveraged to predict the accuracy of cross-lingual zero-shot and few-shot transfer for a task on target languages with little or no test data. He also gave an overview of Project LITMUS – Linguistically Informed Training and Testing of Multilingual Systems, which involved building several ML models for performance prediction and discuss the what was learnt about the factors that influence cross-lingual transfer. The talk was followed by a panel discussion with experts from academia and research; including Dr. Monojit Chowdhury, Dr. Edward Ombui, Dr. Sunayana Sitaram, Dr. David Adelani, and moderated by Maxamed Axmed. Keynote Abstract:Predicting, Explaining and Optimizing Performance of LLMs across LanguagesGiven a massively multilingual language models (MMLM), can we predict the accuracy of cross-lingual zero-shot and few-shot transfer for a task on target languages with little or no test data? This seemingly impossible task, if solved, can have several potential benefits. First, we could estimate the performance of a model even in languages where a test set is not available, and/or building one is difficult. Second, one can predict training data configurations that would give certain desired performance across a set of languages, and accordingly strategize data collection plans; this in turn can lead to linguistically fair MMLM-based models. Third, as a byproduct, we would know which factors influence cross-lingual transfer. In this talk, I will give an overview of Project LITMUS – Linguistically Informed Training and Testing of Multilingual Systems, where we build several ML models for performance prediction; besides their applications, I will discuss what we learn about the factors that influence cross-lingual transfer.Learn more about MARI: microsoft.com/en-us/research/group/microsoft-africa-research-institute-mari
Innovating through uncertainty: Getting super curious and combining disparate elements Microsoft Research 2023-04-27 | In this 3-minute video, Sumit Gulwani reflects on the two key innovation principles that his father taught him.PROSE group: microsoft.com/en-us/research/group/proseLearn more about Sumit Gulwani and his work: microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/sumitg
WiDS Career Panel: Gabriela de Queiroz, Juliet Hougland (Netflix), and Samantha Sifleet Microsoft Research 2023-04-13 | Women in Data Science Career Panel Discussion with female leaders in the industry: Gabriela de Queiroz, Juliet Hougland, and Samantha Silfleet.Learn more about Women in Data Science: widsconference.org
Learning to Exploit Temporal Structure for Biomedical Vision-Language Processing Microsoft Research 2023-03-24 | Presented by the Microsoft Health Futures team at CVPR 2023. [Publication] Learning to Exploit Temporal Structure for Biomedical Vision-Language Processing: microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/learning-to-exploit-temporal-structure-for-biomedical-vision-language-processing
Foundation models and the next era of AI Microsoft Research 2023-03-23 | AI advancements are outpacing expectations and presenting novel opportunities and research challenges. In this video, Microsoft Senior Principal Research Manager Ahmed H. Awadallah explores AI’s shift from perception tasks to text, code, image, and video generation and the class of large-scale models underpinning recent progress. He also examines how these models are creating new experiences and enhancing products people use today to support them in achieving more.0:00 Introduction to foundation models11:04 From GPT-3 to ChatGPT – a jump in generative capabilities19:11 Everyday impact: Integrating foundation models and productsCheck out the video recap, full transcript, and additional resources: microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/foundation-models-and-the-next-era-of-ai
Behind the label: Glimpses of data labelling labours for AI Microsoft Research 2023-02-24 | ChatGPT is the latest of AI systems to make the headlines for its remarkable computational capabilities. Lesser known and rarely acknowledged is the human labours involved in training and supporting these celebrated AI systems. Thousands of workers, particularly in global south regions, create training datasets, validate model outcomes and mimic computational responses to sustain AI’s research, development and use. Yet little is known about what their work entails. What do data labellers do when they label data for AI?Drawing on findings from an ethnographic study of data labelling in India, this talk offers insights into the everyday work practices of data labellers, organisational hierarchies, norms, and values that were caught in global flows of resources, rhetoric, and relations of power. We trace these practices, norms and frictions to better understand their influences on everyday annotation work as well as answer an important question, why should we, AI researchers and practitioners, concern ourselves with these seemingly distant realities?Learn more about MARI: microsoft.com/en-us/research/group/microsoft-africa-research-institute-mari
Art of doing disruptive research Microsoft Research 2023-02-17 | In this talk, Sumit will get you excited about the area of AI-assisted Programming (details below), but by weaving together personal stories of inspiration from every day life that you can relate to. He will also share three key lessons that he identified in his two decades of scientific journey working on this topic related to problem selection, working with people, and the innovation process.AI can enhance programming experiences for a diverse set of programmers: from professional developers and data scientists (proficient programmers) who need help in software engineering and data wrangling, all the way to spreadsheet users (low-code programmers) who need help in authoring formulas, and students (novice programmers) who seek hints when stuck with their programming homework. To communicate their need to AI, users can express their intent explicitly—as input-output examples or natural-language specification—or implicitly—where they encounter a bug (and expect AI to suggest a fix), or simply allow AI to observe their last few lines of code or edits (to have it suggest the next steps). The task of synthesizing an intended program snippet from the user’s intent is both a search and a ranking problem. Search is required to discover candidate programs that correspond to the (often ambiguous) intent, and ranking is required to pick the best program from multiple plausible alternatives. This creates a fertile playground for combining symbolic-reasoning techniques, which model the semantics of programming operators, and machine-learning techniques, which can model human preferences in programming. Recent advances in large language models like Codex offer further promise to advance such neuro-symbolic techniques.
Fighting the Global Social Media Infodemic: from Fake News to Harmful Content Microsoft Research 2023-02-17 | The COVID-19 pandemic has brought us the first global social media infodemic. While fighting this infodemic is typically thought of in terms of factuality, the problem is much broader as malicious content includes not only "fake news", rumors, and conspiracy theories, but also hate speech, racism, xenophobia, panic, and mistrust in authorities, among others. Thus, we argue for the need for a holistic approach combining the perspectives of journalists, fact-checkers, policymakers, social media platforms, and society as a whole.We further argue for the need to analyze entire news outlets, which can be done in advance; then, we can fact-check the news before it was even written: by checking how trustworthy the outlet that has published it is (which is what journalists actually do). We will show how this can be automated by looking at a variety of information sources.The infodemic is often described using terms such as "fake news", which mislead people to focus exclusively on factuality and to ignore the other half of the problem: the potential malicious intent. We aim to bridge this gap by focusing on the detection of specific propaganda techniques in text, e.g., appeal to emotions, fear, prejudices, logical fallacies, etc. This is the target of the ongoing SemEval-2023 task 3, which focuses on multilingual aspects of the problem, covering English, French, German, Italian, Polish, and Russian. We further present extensions of this work to the automatic analysis of various types of harmful memes: from propaganda to harmfulness and harm's target identification to role-labeling in terms of who is portrayed as hero/villain/victim, and generating natural text explanations.Learn more about MARI: microsoft.com/en-us/research/group/microsoft-africa-research-institute-mari
Responsible AI Tracker Tour Microsoft Research 2023-02-15 | This video is a tour on Responsible AI Tracker. Responsible AI Tracker is an open-source extension to the Jupyter Lab framework, and helps data scientists with tracking and comparing different iterations or experiments on model improvement. Responsible AI Tracker is also part of Responsible AI Toolbox, a larger open-source effort at Microsoft for bringing together tools for accelerating and operationalizing Responsible AI. During this tour you will learn how to use tracker to compare and validate different model improvement and mitigation experiments. You will also learn how to use the extension in combination with other tools in Responsible AI Toolbox such as: the Responsible AI Dashboard and the Responsible AI Mitigations Library. Responsible AI Tracker: github.com/microsoft/responsible-ai-toolbox-trackerResponsible AI Mitigations: github.com/microsoft/responsible-ai-toolbox-mitigationsResponsible AI Toolbox: github.com/microsoft/responsible-ai-toolboxAdaptive Systems and Interaction Group: microsoft.com/en-us/research/group/adaptive-systems-and-interactionIdeating Responsible AI Mitigations Project: microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/tools-for-managing-and-ideating-responsible-ai-mitigations
Automating Commonsense Reasoning Microsoft Research 2023-02-14 | Automating commonsense reasoning, i.e., automating the human thought process, has been considered fiendishly difficult. It is widely believed that automation of commonsense reasoning is needed to build intelligent systems that can rival humans. We argue that answer set programming (ASP) along with its goal-directed implementation allows us to reach this automation goal. We discuss essential elements needed for automating the human thought process and show how they are realized in ASP and the s(CASP) goal-directed ASP engine developed in our lab. We also show how default rules, expressible in ASP, help solve the explainable AI problem.Speaker: Dr. Gopal Gupta, UT Dallas
Reinforcement Learning (RL) Open Source Fest 2022 Final Project Presentations Microsoft Research 2023-02-13 | The 2022 Reinforcement Learning Open Source Fest students present their research programming project to the Microsoft Research Real World Reinforcement Learning team online.0:00 Welcome to RLOSF 20221:15 AutoML Extensions in Vowpal RabbitSpeaker: Shaokun Zhang 13:01 Compiler Optimization with Reinforcement LearningSpeaker: Ivoline Ngong26:35 Improve Flatbuffer Parser Support in Vowpal WabbitSpeaker: Sharvani Somayaji 37:56 Native CSV ParsingSpeaker: Songlin Jiang 49:30 Thank you Learn more and apply for RL Open Source Fest 2023: https://aka.ms/RLOSFest
Disaggregated model evaluation and comparison Microsoft Research 2023-02-13 | This video is an introduction to disaggregated model evaluation and comparison in Machine Learning. Throughout this video we will describe the main concepts of disaggregated evaluation, how these concepts relate to Responsible AI approaches of scoring and evaluating a ML model, and how they can be used in practice.Adaptive Systems and Interaction Group: microsoft.com/en-us/research/group/adaptive-systems-and-interaction
Neural Interfaces - Towards a new generation of human-computer interface Microsoft Research 2023-02-13 | Talk by Yacine Achiakh, co-founder & CEO of Wisear, and Alain Sirois, co-founder & CTO of Wisear.
Galea: The Bridge Between Mixed Reality and Neurotechnology Microsoft Research 2023-02-13 | Conor Russomanno, Founder and CEO of OpenBCIEva Esteban, Embedded Software Engineer at OpenBCIGalea is an award-winning platform that merges next-generation biometrics with mixed reality. It is the first device to integrate a wide range of physiological signals, including EEG, EMG, EDA, PPG, and eye-tracking, into a single headset. In this session, Conor and Eva will provide a live demonstration of the device and its capabilities, showcasing its potential for a variety of applications, from gaming to training and rehabilitation. They will give an overview of the different hardware and software components of the system, highlighting how it can be used to analyze user experiences in real time. Attendees will get an opportunity to ask questions at the end.
Current and Future Application of BCIs Microsoft Research 2023-02-10 | Speaker: Dr. Christoph Guger, Founder & CEO of g.tec medical engineeringBrain-computer interfaces are used for many applications nowadays. New sensor technology and wireless systems allow an easier and faster usage. Nevertheless, every single step must be done correctly to achieve high accuracies. EEG electrodes, amplifiers, analog-to-digital conversion, wireless transmission, feature extraction, classification and the calibration of the BCI system are of high importance. Dr. Christoph will explain how to do this correctly to be able to use BCIs for stroke, coma and epilepsy patients and to play computer games or to make progress with 1024 EEG channels in neuroscience.
Seeing AI app - Creating a Route Microsoft Research 2023-02-01 | Indoor Navigation enables you to create routes through a building, and later follow that route, guided by spatial audio cues. For example, create a route from the reception desk to your office, or building entrance to a particular classroom. You can share the route with others, so they can navigate the route later on, using their own device. Seeing AI is a free app that narrates the world around you. Designed with and for the blind and low vision community, this ongoing research project harnesses the power of AI to open up the visual world by describing nearby people, text and objects. Seeing AI demonstrates how technology can make the world more inclusive. Available in the iOS App Store. For more information, visit http://SeeingAI.com
Seeing AI app - Indoor Navigation Microsoft Research 2023-02-01 | Indoor Navigation enables you to create routes through a building, and later follow that route, guided by spatial audio cues.Seeing AI is a free app that narrates the world around you. Designed with and for the blind and low vision community, this ongoing research project harnesses the power of AI to open up the visual world by describing nearby people, text and objects. Seeing AI demonstrates how technology can make the world more inclusive. Available in the iOS App Store. For more information, visit http://SeeingAI.com
Seeing AI app - World Channel Microsoft Research 2023-02-01 | The Seeing AI World Channel provides an audio Augmented Reality experience to enable you to understand and explore your environment.Seeing AI is a free app that narrates the world around you. Designed with and for the blind and low vision community, this ongoing research project harnesses the power of AI to open up the visual world by describing nearby people, text and objects. Seeing AI demonstrates how technology can make the world more inclusive. Available in the iOS App Store. For more information, visit http://SeeingAI.com
SmartKC: A Low-cost, Smartphone-based Corneal Topographer Microsoft Research 2023-01-24 | Microsoft Research India, in collaboration with the Sankara Eye Hospital, developed SmartKC, a low-cost, smartphone-based corneal topographer that can diagnose keratoconus. In a pilot clinical study, SmartKC achieved a sensitivity of 94.1% and a specificity of 100.0%. The project is open-sourced at github.com/microsoft/SmartKC-A-Smartphone-based-Corneal-TopographerListen to the podcast: microsoft.com/en-us/research/lab/microsoft-research-india/articles/podcast-collaborating-to-develop-a-low-cost-keratoconus-diagnostic-solution-with-dr-kaushik-murali-and-dr-mohit-jain/ Find the paper and more on the SmartKC project page: https://aka.ms/smartkc
MSR-IISc AI Seminar Series: On Learning-Aware Mechanism Design - Michael I. Jordan Microsoft Research 2023-01-11 | Statistical decisions are often given meaning in the context of other decisions, particularly when there are scarce resources to be shared. Managing such sharing is one of the classical goals of microeconomics, and it is given new relevance in the modern setting of large, human-focused datasets, and in data-analytic contexts such as classifiers and recommendation systems. I’ll discuss several recent projects that aim to explore the interface between machine learning and microeconomics, including leader/follower dynamics in strategic classification, a Lyapunov theory for matching markets with transfers, and the use of contract theory as a way to design mechanisms that perform statistical inference.Video details: microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/on-learning-aware-mechanism-designMSR-IISc AI Seminar Series: microsoft.com/en-us/research/event/msriisc/talks
Tongue-Gesture Recognition in Head-Mounted Displays Microsoft Research 2022-12-22 | Head mounted displays are often used in many situations where the hands of an user may be occupied or otherwise unusable due to situational or permanent movement impairments. Hands-free interaction is critical for making mixed reality applications versatile and accessible in head mounted displays. Traditionally, hands-free interaction relies on voice, which is not private and unusable in loud environments; or gaze, which is slow and demands attention. In this talk, I will propose a non-intrusive tongue gesture interface using sensors in head mounted displays that can be used either independently or in conjunction with gaze tracking to reduce its limitations. Then, I will share gesture recognition results as well as usability metrics from an experimental study and demonstrate a system combining tongue gestures with gaze tracking.Speaker: Tan Gemicioglu, Georgia TechTan Gemicioglu is a summer intern in the MSR Audio & Acoustics Research Group and an undergraduate student at Georgia Tech. At MSR, they investigated multimodal brain-computer interfaces and gesture interaction advised by Mike Winters and Yu-Te Wang. At Georgia Tech, they are advised by Thad Starner and Melody Jackson, studying passive haptic learning and movement-based brain-computer interfaces. Their primary research interests are in wearable interfaces assisting in communication and learning using physiological sensing and haptics.
Global Renewables Watch - AI for Good Lab - Geospatial Microsoft Research 2022-12-16 | The Global Renewables Watch continually maps and measures renewable energy installations and their estimated capacities at the subnational, national, and global levels. It also provides unique spatial data on land use trends to help achieve the dual aims of environmental protection and increasing renewable energy capacity. Learn more: globalrenewableswatch.orgmicrosoft.com/en-us/research/video/global-renewables-watch-ai-for-good-lab-geospatial
Toward a Healthy Research Ecosystem for Large Language Models | Panel Discussion Microsoft Research 2022-12-15 | The advantages of large language models are undeniable, and they have been a focus of attention in industry and academia, due to the capabilities achieved. But as with all technological advancements, we must also consider the benefits and potential harms coming via uses of these models. Eric Horvitz, Microsoft's chief scientific officer, moderates this panel discussing the challenges arising at the intersection of large language models and responsible AI practices. Participants explore the ways industry, academia, and government can come together to help foster a strong ecosystem aimed at bringing society’s best interests to the fore.Host: Eric Horvitz, Chief Scientific Officer, MicrosoftPanelists:• Ahmed Awadallah, Senior Principal Research Manager, Microsoft Research• Erwin Gianchandani, Assistant Director of the Directorate for Technology, Innovation & Partnerships, National Science Foundation• Percy Liang, Associate Professor of Computer Science and Director of the Center for Research on Foundation Models, Stanford University • Saurabh Tiwary, Corporate Vice President & Technical Fellow, Microsoft TuringLearn more about the Microsoft Turing Academic Program Workshop: microsoft.com/en-us/research/event/microsoft-turing-academic-program-workshopThis workshop was part of the Microsoft Research Summit 2022: microsoft.com/en-us/research/event/microsoft-research-summit-2022
Joint Pricing and Inventory Management with Demand Learning Microsoft Research 2022-12-14 | 2022 Data-driven Optimization Workshop: Joint Pricing and Inventory Management with Demand LearningSpeaker: Yuan Zhou, Tsinghua UniversityIn the problem of joint pricing and inventory management the retailer makes simultaneously a price decision and an inventory order-up-to decision at the beginning of each review period. The demands are being modeled as either a parametric or nonparametric function depending on the prices.In this talk, I will introduce two of my recent works advancing this problem: the first one deals with fixed ordering costs under the backlogging setting, with a parametric (generalized linear) demand model. The second one studies nonparametric demand models with censored demands and lost sales. The techniques involved include a novel UCB analysis over trajectories of (s,S,p) policies, and a noisy comparison oracle constructed for censored demand models.This talk is based on the following two papers:papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3632475papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3750413
SITI 2022 - Panel Discussion and moderated Q&A session Microsoft Research 2022-12-14 | SITI2022 Round table discussion on the topic of “Societal Impact & Technology in India” with invited panelists:• Nitin Pai, Takshshila Institution • Bill Thies, Everwell Health Solutions • Dipti Kanade, IAS, State Government of Karnataka • Nataraj Kuntagod, Accenture, Tech for Good• Mukesh Sharma, Menterra Venture Advisors• Vandana Vasudevan, Microsoft Research IndiaSee more at microsoft.com/en-us/research/video/siti-2022-panel-discussion-and-moderated-qa-session
Machine Learning for Combinatorial Optimization: Some Empirical Studies Microsoft Research 2022-12-12 | 2022 Data-driven Optimization Workshop: Machine Learning for Combinatorial Optimization: Some Empirical StudiesSpeaker: Junchi Yan, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityIn this talk, I will present our lab’s recent progress and empirical results including some results on EDA, on machine learning for combinatorial optimiation, which has been an emerging topic in both communities of machine learning and operational research. I will also discuss the potential future directions for this exciting area.
Online Facility Location with Predictions Microsoft Research 2022-12-12 | 2022 Data-driven Optimization Workshop: Online Facility Location with PredictionsSpeaker: Shaofeng Jiang, Peking UniversityIn this talk, we present a nearly optimal algorithm for online facility location (OFL) with (untrusted) predictions. In OFL, n demand points arrive in order and the algorithm must irrevocably assign each demand point to an open facility upon its arrival. The objective is to minimize the total connection costs from demand points to assigned facilities, plus the facility opening cost.We additionally assume an untrusted predictor can suggest the facility that a demand point should be assigned to. With the access to this predictor but without knowing the error of the prediction, our algorithm achieves O(1) ratio when the error is small, which bypasses a \Omega(log n / log log n) worst-case lower bound. Furthermore, our algorithm still maintains O(log n) ratio even when the error is unbounded, nearly matching the mentioned lower bound.Based on a joint work with Erzhi Liu, You Lyu, Zhihao Tang and Yubo Zhang.
Adaptive Best-of-Both-Worlds Algorithm for Heavy-Tailed Multi-Armed Bandits Microsoft Research 2022-12-12 | 2022 Data-driven Optimization Workshop: Adaptive Best-of-Both-Worlds Algorithm for Heavy-Tailed Multi-Armed BanditsSpeaker: Longbo Huang, Tsinghua UniversityWe generalize the concept of heavy-tailed multi-armed bandits to adversarial environments, and develop robust best-of-both-worlds algorithms for heavy-tailed multi-armed bandits (MAB), where losses have α-th moments bounded by σ^α, while the variances may not exist. Specifically, we design an algorithm HTINF, when the heavy-tail parameters α and σ are known to the agent, HTINF simultaneously achieves the optimal regret for both stochastic and adversarial environments, without knowing the actual environment type a-priori. When α and σ are unknown, HTINF achieves a log𝑇-style instance-dependent regret in stochastic cases and o(T) no-regret guarantee in adversarial cases. We further develop an algorithm AdaTINF, achieving O(σK^(1-1/α) T^(1/α)) minimax optimal regret even in adversarial settings, without prior knowledge on α and σ. This result matches the known regret lower-bound (Bubeck et al., 2013), which assumed a stochastic environment and α and σ are both known. To our knowledge, the proposed HTINF algorithm is the first to enjoy a best-of-both-worlds regret guarantee, and AdaTINF is the first algorithm that can adapt to both α and σ to achieve optimal gap-indepedent regret bound in classical heavy-tailed stochastic MAB setting and our novel adversarial formulation.
Efficient Machine Learning at the Edge in Parallel Microsoft Research 2022-12-12 | 2022 Data-driven Optimization Workshop: Efficient Machine Learning at the Edge in ParallelSpeaker: Furong Huang, The University of MarylandSince the beginning of the digital age, the size and quantity of data sets have grown exponentially because of the proliferation of data captured by mobile devices, vehicles, cameras, microphones, and other internet of things (IoT) devices. Given this boom in personal data, major advances in areas such as healthcare, natural language processing, computer vision, and more have been made with the use of deep learning. Federated Learning (FL) is an increasingly popular setting to train powerful deep neural networks with data derived from an assortment of devices. It is a framework for use-cases involving training machine learning models on edge devices without transmitting the collected data to a central server.In this talk, I will address some major challenges of efficient machine learning at the edge in parallel. Model efficiency, data efficiency and learning paradigm efficiency will be discussed respectively. As some highlights, I will introduce our recent progress on model compression via tensor representation, data efficiency through the lens of generalization analysis and a decentralized federated learning framework via wait-free model communication.
Machine learning assisted hyper-heuristics for online combinatorial optimization problems Microsoft Research 2022-12-12 | 2022 Data-driven Optimization Workshop: Machine learning assisted hyper-heuristics for online combinatorial optimization problemsSpeaker: Ruibin Bai, The University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaIn the past decade, considerable advances have been made in the field of computational intelligence and operations research. However, the majority of these optimization approaches have been developed for deterministically formulated problems, the parameters of which are often assumed perfectly predictable prior to problem-solving. In practice, this strong assumption unfortunately contradicts the reality of many real-world problems which are subject to different levels of uncertainties. The solutions derived from these deterministic approaches can rapidly deteriorate during execution due to the over-optimization without explicit consideration of the uncertainties. To address this research gap, two data-driven hyper-heuristic frameworks are investigated. This talk will present the main ideas of the methods and their performance for two combinatorial optimization problems: a real-world container terminal truck routing problem with uncertain service times and the well-known online 2D strip packing problem. The talk shall briefly describe a port digital twin system developed by our team for the purpose of integrated optimization of multiple port operations.
Thompson Sampling in Combinatorial Multi-armed Bandits with Independent Arms Microsoft Research 2022-12-12 | 2022 Data-driven Optimization Workshop: Thompson Sampling in Combinatorial Multi-armed Bandits with Independent ArmsSpeaker: Siwei Wang, Microsoft Research AsiaExisting methods of combinatorial multi-armed bandits mainly focus on the UCB approach. To make the algorithm efficient, they usually use the sum of upper confidence bounds of base arms to represent the upper confidence bound of a super arm. However, when the outcomes of different base arms are independent, this upper confidence bound could be much larger than necessary, which leads to a much higher regret upper bound (in regret minimization problems) or complexity upper bound (in pure exploration problems). To deal with this challenge, we explore the idea of Thompson Sampling (TS) that uses independent random samples instead of the upper confidence bounds, and design TS-based algorithms for both the regret minimization problems and the pure exploration problems. In TS-based algorithms, the sum of independent random samples within a super arm will not exceed its tight upper confidence bound with high probability. Hence it solves the above challenge, and achieves lower regret/complexity upper bounds than existing efficient UCB-based algorithms.
Combinatorial Pure Exploration with Limited Observation and Beyond Microsoft Research 2022-12-12 | 2022 Data-driven Optimization Workshop: Combinatorial Pure Exploration with Limited Observation and BeyondSpeaker: Yuko Kuroki, The University of TokyoAlthough most combinatorial optimization models require exact parameters as inputs, it is often impossible to obtain them due to privacy issues or system constraints, and we need to deal with such uncertainty. In this talk, I will introduce recent work on combinatorial pure exploration with limited feedback for solving such combinatorial optimization under uncertainty. We first study the combinatorial pure exploration over graphs with full-bandit feedback, which aims to identify a dense component in a network only together with a noisy evaluation for a sampled subgraph (the offline problem is called the densest subgraph problem). Then we also study the general combinatorial pure exploration with full-bandit or partial-linear feedback, which can work for general combinatorial structures including size-k subsets, matchings, and paths. Finally, I will discuss further extensions and several open problems for future work in this line of research.
Oblivious Online Contention Resolution Schemes Microsoft Research 2022-12-12 | 2022 Data-driven Optimization Workshop: Oblivious Online Contention Resolution SchemesSpeaker: Hu Fu, Shanghai University of Finance and EconomicsContention resolution schemes (CRSs) are powerful tools for obtaining “ex post feasible” solutions from candidates that are drawn from “ex ante feasible” distributions. Online contention resolution schemes (OCRSs), the online version, have found myriad applications in Bayesian and stochastic problems, such as prophet inequalities and stochastic probing. When the ex ante distribution is unknown, it was unknown whether good CRSs/OCRSs exist with no sample (in which case the scheme is oblivious) or few samples from the distribution.In this work, we give a simple 1/e-selectable oblivious single item OCRS by mixing two simple schemes evenly, and show, via a Ramsey theory argument, that it is optimal. On the negative side, we show that no CRS or OCRS with O(1) samples can be Ω(1)-balanced/selectable (i.e., preserve every active candidate with a constant probability) for graphic or transversal matroids.
Optimization from Structured Samples for Coverage and Influence Functions Microsoft Research 2022-12-12 | 2022 Data-driven Optimization Workshop: Optimization from Structured Samples for Coverage and Influence FunctionsSpeaker: Zhijie Zhang, Fuzhou UniversityWe revisit the optimization from samples (OPS) model, which studies the problem of optimizing objective functions directly from the sample data. Previous results showed that we cannot obtain a constant approximation ratio for the maximum coverage problem using polynomial independent samples of the form {S_i,f(S_i )}_(i=1)^t (BRS, STOC17), even if coverage functions are (1-ϵ)-PMAC learnable using these samples (BDF+, SODA12). In this work, to circumvent the impossibility result of OPS, we propose a stronger model called optimization from structured samples (OPSS), where the data samples encode the structural information of the functions. We show that under OPSS model, the maximum coverage problem enjoys constant approximation under mild assumptions on the sample distribution. We further generalize the result and show that influence maximization also enjoys constant approximation under this model.
End-to-end Reinforcement Learning for the Large-scale Traveling Salesman Problem Microsoft Research 2022-12-12 | 2022 Data-driven Optimization Workshop: End-to-end Reinforcement Learning for the Large-scale Traveling Salesman ProblemSpeaker: Yan Jin, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyTraveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most studied routing problems that arise in the practical applications of logistics. Traditional approaches not only rely on hand-crafted rules of experts, but also are time-consuming on iterative search. This limits their applications in time sensitive scenarios, e.g., on-call routing and ride hailing service. We propose an end-to-end approach based on hierarchical reinforcement learning for addressing the large-scale TSP. Using a divide-and-conquer strategy, the upper-level policy chooses a small subset of cities from all remaining cities that are to be traversed, while the lower-level policy takes a Transformer model on the chosen cities to solve a shortest path with prescribed starting and ending cities. These two policies are jointly trained by reinforcement learning algorithms, and the TSP solutions can be directly generated without any search procedure. The proposed approach takes advantage of inference efficiency of Transformer model and provides highly competitive results.
