Dr. Becky | Oppenheimer: the first to predict BLACK HOLES exist mathematically @DrBecky | Uploaded 1 year ago | Updated 3 days ago
In the 1930s, Oppenheimer was a theoretical physicist interested in neutrons which led him to be the first to mathematically predict the existence of black holes. So how did an expert in *theory* end up leading the *experimental* development of the atomic bomb during WWII?
Chadwick (1932; discovery of neutron report) - nature.com/articles/129312a0
Oppenheimer & Volkoff (1939; maximum mass of a neutron star) - journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.55.374
Oppenheimer & Snyder (1939; gravitational collapse beyond maximum limit) - journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.56.455
Tolman (1934; textbook) - babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4062716&seq=22
Fermi et al. (1934; radioactivity from neutron bombardment) - jstor.org/stable/2935604?origin=ads&saml_data=eyJzYW1sVG9rZW4iOiI5Y2RhNjVhNi1lYWQ3LTQ5OTMtOGNmOC1jNTQ3ZDA4YTcwYTMiLCJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyIwZmM3NzU0Mi0yZTFmLTQ5NzEtYmJiNy04NjczNWFlMDQ2M2IiXX0
Hahn & Strassman (1939; chemistry of nuclear fission)
Meitner & Frisch (1939; physics of nuclear fission) - nature.com/articles/143239a0
Hawking (1974; black holes in GR) - link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01877517
Penrose (1964) - journals.aps.org/prl/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.14.57
Hawking (1971; gravitationally collared objects of low mass) - https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1971MNRAS.152...75H
Rezzolla, Most & Weih (2018; revised TOV limit from LIGO) - iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aaa401
Webster & Murdin (1972; first observational black hole candidate) - nature.com/articles/235037a0
My previous video on where the name “black hole” comes from: youtube.com/watch?v=Bugbh3jybvc
00:00 - Introduction
01:12 - The discovery of the neutron and its properties through the 1930s
02:26 - Impact of the pace of discovery on society
03:32 - Supernova, neutron stars and Oppenheimer
05:00 - Oppenheimer’s maximum limit of the mass of a neutron star
07:05 -The Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit
08:11 - Beyond this limit: Oppenheimer predicts black holes
09:42 - Black holes to atomic bombs
10:57 - Bloopers
Video filmed on a Sony ⍺7 IV
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📚 My new book, "A Brief History of Black Holes", out NOW in hardback, e-book and audiobook (which I narrated myself!): http://lnk.to/DrBecky
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👕 My new merch, including JWST designs, are available here (with worldwide shipping!): dr-becky.teemill.com
---
🎧 Royal Astronomical Society Podcast that I co-host: podfollow.com/supermassive
---
🔔 Don't forget to subscribe and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video!
---
👩🏽💻 I'm Dr. Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). I love making videos about science with an unnatural level of enthusiasm. I like to focus on how we know things, not just what we know. And especially, the things we still don't know. If you've ever wondered about something in space and couldn't find an answer online - you can ask me! My day job is to do research into how supermassive black holes can affect the galaxies that they live in. In particular, I look at whether the energy output from the disk of material orbiting around a growing supermassive black hole can stop a galaxy from forming stars.
http://drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk
In the 1930s, Oppenheimer was a theoretical physicist interested in neutrons which led him to be the first to mathematically predict the existence of black holes. So how did an expert in *theory* end up leading the *experimental* development of the atomic bomb during WWII?
Chadwick (1932; discovery of neutron report) - nature.com/articles/129312a0
Oppenheimer & Volkoff (1939; maximum mass of a neutron star) - journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.55.374
Oppenheimer & Snyder (1939; gravitational collapse beyond maximum limit) - journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.56.455
Tolman (1934; textbook) - babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4062716&seq=22
Fermi et al. (1934; radioactivity from neutron bombardment) - jstor.org/stable/2935604?origin=ads&saml_data=eyJzYW1sVG9rZW4iOiI5Y2RhNjVhNi1lYWQ3LTQ5OTMtOGNmOC1jNTQ3ZDA4YTcwYTMiLCJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyIwZmM3NzU0Mi0yZTFmLTQ5NzEtYmJiNy04NjczNWFlMDQ2M2IiXX0
Hahn & Strassman (1939; chemistry of nuclear fission)
Meitner & Frisch (1939; physics of nuclear fission) - nature.com/articles/143239a0
Hawking (1974; black holes in GR) - link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01877517
Penrose (1964) - journals.aps.org/prl/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevLett.14.57
Hawking (1971; gravitationally collared objects of low mass) - https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1971MNRAS.152...75H
Rezzolla, Most & Weih (2018; revised TOV limit from LIGO) - iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aaa401
Webster & Murdin (1972; first observational black hole candidate) - nature.com/articles/235037a0
My previous video on where the name “black hole” comes from: youtube.com/watch?v=Bugbh3jybvc
00:00 - Introduction
01:12 - The discovery of the neutron and its properties through the 1930s
02:26 - Impact of the pace of discovery on society
03:32 - Supernova, neutron stars and Oppenheimer
05:00 - Oppenheimer’s maximum limit of the mass of a neutron star
07:05 -The Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit
08:11 - Beyond this limit: Oppenheimer predicts black holes
09:42 - Black holes to atomic bombs
10:57 - Bloopers
Video filmed on a Sony ⍺7 IV
---
📚 My new book, "A Brief History of Black Holes", out NOW in hardback, e-book and audiobook (which I narrated myself!): http://lnk.to/DrBecky
---
👕 My new merch, including JWST designs, are available here (with worldwide shipping!): dr-becky.teemill.com
---
🎧 Royal Astronomical Society Podcast that I co-host: podfollow.com/supermassive
---
🔔 Don't forget to subscribe and click the little bell icon to be notified when I post a new video!
---
👩🏽💻 I'm Dr. Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). I love making videos about science with an unnatural level of enthusiasm. I like to focus on how we know things, not just what we know. And especially, the things we still don't know. If you've ever wondered about something in space and couldn't find an answer online - you can ask me! My day job is to do research into how supermassive black holes can affect the galaxies that they live in. In particular, I look at whether the energy output from the disk of material orbiting around a growing supermassive black hole can stop a galaxy from forming stars.
http://drbecky.uk.com
rebeccasmethurst.co.uk
