Forensic ArchitectureA tutorial demonstrating Forensic Architecture’s ‘photomatching’ technique within the free modelling software, Blender. The tutorial illustrates how to match a photo manually, by eye. This is the method we use when the image we want to match doesn’t have meta data, there is limited rectilinear geometry and a low resolution.
Forensic Architecture's Investigative Toolkit is a tutorial series that demonstrates techniques FA has developed and used in its human rights investigations. We aim to make all techniques for civilians to investigate state and corporate violations open and accessible to all.
Dolly zoom truck shift - Simultaneously adjusting the focal length and position of a camera to preserve image composition [Please note: setting a keyframe on the camera object scale will allow you to make multiple dolly zoom adjustments]. Good for situations where the overall camera position is defined, but the focal length needs to be adjusted: blendermarket.com/products/dolly-zoom--truck-shift
FSPY - Image and point based camera pose estimation. Good for situations where only a single image of the scene is available and there is rectilinear geometry: fspy.io
Multi frame camera tracking - Using an image stereo pair to estimate camera two poses. Good for situations where there are multiple images of the scene available with at least 8 common tracking points visible in each: youtu.be/qwD03CyU8Ug
PnPoint - Computer vision powered camera pose estimation using image and point combined with 3D point for camera pose estimation. Good for situations where there is a partial 3D model available to accompany the image of the scene: rtstudios.gumroad.com/l/camera_pnpoint
Perspective Plotter - Advanced image and point based camera pose estimation. Good for situations where only a single image of the scene is available and there is rectilinear geometry and high precision is needed: blendermarket.com/products/perspective-plotter
Camera Matching in Blender – Forensic Architecture Investigative Toolkit 01Forensic Architecture2023-06-20 | A tutorial demonstrating Forensic Architecture’s ‘photomatching’ technique within the free modelling software, Blender. The tutorial illustrates how to match a photo manually, by eye. This is the method we use when the image we want to match doesn’t have meta data, there is limited rectilinear geometry and a low resolution.
Forensic Architecture's Investigative Toolkit is a tutorial series that demonstrates techniques FA has developed and used in its human rights investigations. We aim to make all techniques for civilians to investigate state and corporate violations open and accessible to all.
Dolly zoom truck shift - Simultaneously adjusting the focal length and position of a camera to preserve image composition [Please note: setting a keyframe on the camera object scale will allow you to make multiple dolly zoom adjustments]. Good for situations where the overall camera position is defined, but the focal length needs to be adjusted: blendermarket.com/products/dolly-zoom--truck-shift
FSPY - Image and point based camera pose estimation. Good for situations where only a single image of the scene is available and there is rectilinear geometry: fspy.io
Multi frame camera tracking - Using an image stereo pair to estimate camera two poses. Good for situations where there are multiple images of the scene available with at least 8 common tracking points visible in each: youtu.be/qwD03CyU8Ug
PnPoint - Computer vision powered camera pose estimation using image and point combined with 3D point for camera pose estimation. Good for situations where there is a partial 3D model available to accompany the image of the scene: rtstudios.gumroad.com/l/camera_pnpoint
Perspective Plotter - Advanced image and point based camera pose estimation. Good for situations where only a single image of the scene is available and there is rectilinear geometry and high precision is needed: blendermarket.com/products/perspective-plotterUsing NDVI with GIS - Forensic Architecture Investigate Toolkit 05Forensic Architecture2025-05-29 | ...Landscape Generation from real world data – Forensic Architecture Investigative Toolkit 04Forensic Architecture2025-05-29 | ALOS DSM Data: eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/dataset/aw3d30/aw3d30_e.htmPanoramic Stabilisation – Forensic Architecture Investigate Toolkit 03Forensic Architecture2024-09-18 | In this guide we use a video from Gaza to demonstrate the process of panoramic stabilisation. This guide goes through the process of tracking footage, dealing with difficult tracks, solving for camera motion, and then projecting the stabilised footage inside of a hemisphere.Panorama Paint – Forensic Architecture Investigative Toolkit 02Forensic Architecture2024-08-02 | A tutorial demonstrating Forensic Architecture’s ‘panorama paint’ technique, using Photoshop and After Effects. The tutorial demonstrates how to create a panorama from a video, which is painted as the video plays, allowing you to see the different frames of the video in context with each other, to better illustrate spatial analysis. Forensic Architecture's Investigative Toolkit is a tutorial series that demonstrates techniques FA has developed and used in its human rights investigations. We aim to make all techniques for civilians to investigate state and corporate violations open and accessible to all.
Links
Gaza Archeology Investigation: forensic-architecture.org/investigation/living-archaeology-in-gaza Photoshop, layers to files fast: github.com/antipalindrome/Photoshop-Export-Layers-to-Files-FastExecutions and Mass Graves in TanturaForensic Architecture2023-05-30 | Commissioned by Adalah Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel, this investigation reveals new evidence about massacres conducted in the Palestinian village of Tantura by Israeli forces after its occupation on 22-23 May 1948 and subsequent depopulation. Launched on the 75th anniversary of the Nakba, it brings together testimonies and photographic evidence to locate several mass graves in which the victims were buried—including one previously unidentified.
Read more: forensic-architecture.org/investigation/executions-and-mass-graves-in-tantura-23-may-1948إعدامات ومقابر جماعيّة في الطنطورةForensic Architecture2023-05-27 | بالعمل مع مركز عدالة القانوني، يكشف هذا التحقيق عن أدلة جديدة حول المجازر التي ارتكبتها القوات الإسرائيلية في قرية الطنطورة الفلسطينية بعد احتلالها في 22-23 مايو 1948 وما تلاه من تهجير لسكانها. تم إطلاقه في الذكرى الخامسة والسبعين للنكبة، وهو يجمع بين الشهادات والأدلة البصرية لتحديد مواقع العديد من المقابر الجماعية التي دفن فيها الضحايا - بما في ذلك موقع لم يتم تحديد مكانه من قبل.
جميع مواد البحث منشورة ضمن منصة تفاعلية ثلاثية الأبعاد: tantura.forensic-architecture.orgWar Inna Babylon Lecture Series: Lecture 3, Marginal CommunitiesForensic Architecture2023-05-17 | War Inna Babylon Lecture Series. Lecture 3, Marginal Communities: Isolated and Vulnerable. 4 May 2023.
Delivered by Stafford Scott, Forensic Architecture Guest Professor, and introduced by Prof. Eyal Weizman.
Video recording by Jacob Bolton.Destruction of Destruction: The Beirut Port Silos (Arabic)Forensic Architecture2023-03-30 | forensic-architecture.org/investigation/the-beirut-port-explosion-destruction-of-destructionDestruction of Destruction: The Beirut Port Silos (English)Forensic Architecture2023-03-30 | Following the 2020 Beirut port explosion, the city's grain silos suffered a prolonged period of steady ruination. To understand how the gradual destruction of a ruin happened behind state cordons in the nearly two-year period since the blast, Febrayer and FA reconstructed the site to present a unified account of the state’s mismanagement of this important site of material evidence and memory.
Το βράδυ της 8ης Σεπτεμβρίου 2020, μία μεγάλη φωτιά ξέσπασε στον προσφυγικό καταυλισμό της Μόριας στη Λέσβο, εκτοπίζοντας χιλιάδες ανθρώπους και μετατρέποντας σε στάχτη το κατεξοχήν σύμβολο των συνοριακών πολιτικών εγκλεισμού της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Ο συνωστισμένος καταυλισμός, όπου τότε διέμεναν περίπου 13000 άνθρωποι, ιδρύθηκε το 2013 ως κέντρο διέλευσης για αιτούντες άσυλο αλλά μετατράπηκε σταδιακά σε μία «υπαίθρια φυλακή» με επισφαλείς και επικίνδυνες συνθήκες διαβίωσης, σε ένα ασφυκτικό τοπίο ολοένα και πιο επιρρεπές στη φωτιά.
Λίγες μόνο ημέρες μετά την πυρκαγιά του Σεπτεμβρίου, η αστυνομία συνέλαβε έξι νεαρούς αιτούντες άσυλο (που έγιναν γνωστοί ως οι Μόρια 6) πέντε εκ των οποίων ανήλικοι, και τους κατηγόρησαν για εμπρησμό. Οι Μόρια 6 καταδικάστηκαν σε δύο διαφορετικές δίκες τις οποίες διεθνή μέσα περιέγραψαν ως «παρωδία δικαιοσύνης», με πέντε από τα έξι άτομα να καταδικάζονται βάσει της κατάθεσης ενός και μόνου μάρτυρα, ο οποίος δεν εμφανίστηκε ποτέ στο δικαστήριο.
Μετά από ανάθεση της νομικής ομάδας που εκπροσωπεί τους νεαρούς αιτούντες άσυλο, το Forensic Architecture και Forensis εργάστηκαν σε συνεργασία με το ReFOCUS Media Labs για να χαρτογραφήσουν την εξέλιξη της πυρκαγιάς και να εξετάσουν την κατάθεση του βασικού μάρτυρα στο πλαίσιο της εκδίκασης της έφεσης των τεσσάρων από τους Μόρια 6, που επρόκειτο να λάβει χώρα το Μάρτιο του 2023 στη Μυτιλήνη. Συλλέξαμε και εξετάσαμε μαρτυρίες, καταθέσεις, επίσημες εκθέσεις, υλικό από πλάνα drone και εκατοντάδες βίντεο και φωτογραφίας που τράβηχτηκαν από πρόσφυγες και μετανάστες εκείνο το βράδυ, για να αποτυπώσουμε σε μία λεπτομερή χωροχρονική αναπαράσταση την εξάπλωση της πυρκαγιάς στον καταυλισμό. Η έρευνά μας αποκαλύπτει σημαντικές ανακρίβειες και ασυνέπειες στην κατάθεση του βασικού μάρτυρα, και εγείρει σοβαρές αμφιβολίες για την αξιοπιστία των πειστηρίων που οδήγησαν στην καταδίκη των νεαρών αιτούντων άσυλο.
In the late hours of 8 September 2020, large fires broke out at the migrant camp of Moria in Lesvos, Greece, displacing thousands of people and reducing the epicentre of the EU’s carceral archipelago to ashes. The overcrowded camp, first established in 2013, was host to more than 13,000 people at the time, and was notorious for its precarious and unsafe living conditions.
Only a few days after the fire, police arrested six young asylum seekers, five of them minors, accusing them of starting the fire. They became known as the #Moria6 and five of the six were convicted of arson based on the testimony of a single witness who never appeared in court, in trials that were described as a ‘parody of justice’.
Commissioned by lawyers representing the Moria 6, Forensic Architecture and Forensis worked in collaboration with ReFOCUS Media Labs to map how the fire developed and to interrogate the testimony of the key witness in advance of the appeal trial scheduled for March 2023. We sourced and examined testimonies, official reports, high-resolution drone footage, and hundreds of videos and images taken by migrants themselves, to conduct a detailed spatio-temporal reconstruction of the spread of the fire through the camp. Our analysis reveals significant inconsistencies in the testimony of the key witness and casts further doubt as to the legitimacy of the evidence upon which the conviction of the young asylum seekers was based.
This investigation marks the launch of the Febrayer Network / Forensic Architecture (FFA) Investigative Lab, collaboratively established to employ Forensic Architecture’s methodologies and techniques for monitoring and documenting human rights violations in pursuit of accountability in the Arab world.
This investigation is also part of a broader project examining the 4 August 2020 explosion in the port of Beirut, its causes and aftermath. See also: youtu.be/-mQ60wNgKrQ
This investigation marks the launch of the Febrayer Network / Forensic Architecture (FFA) Investigative Lab, collaboratively established to employ Forensic Architecture’s methodologies and techniques for monitoring and documenting human rights violations in pursuit of accountability in the Arab world.
This investigation is also part of a broader project examining the 4 August 2020 explosion in the port of Beirut, its causes and aftermath. See also: youtu.be/HQ-3YCWAOW8
Inquiries contact: info [at] forensic-architecture.orgShireen Abu Akleh: The Extrajudicial Killing of a Journalist (Final version)Forensic Architecture2022-11-14 | An investigation by Al-Haq's Forensic Architecture Investigation Unit and Forensic Architecture brings to light new evidence related to the circumstances of prominent Palestinian Al-Jazeera reporter Shireen Abu Akleh’s killing, which reveals the report on the incident published by the Israeli occupation forces (IOF) to be false and deliberately misleading. Using previously unseen footage and advanced spatial and audio analysis, our investigation reveals, for the first time, that Shireen and her colleagues were explicitly targeted, despite being identifiable as members of the press; that the attack was unprovoked, there having been no shots other than the IOF’s fired at the time and no armed individuals in the vicinity of the journalists; and that Shireen was prevented from receiving medical attention after being shot.
Inquiries contact: info [at] forensic-architecture.orgWar Inna Babylon Lecture Series: Lecture 1, The Communitys Struggle for Truth & RightsForensic Architecture2022-11-02 | War Inna Babylon Lecture Series. Lecture 1, The Community's Struggle for Truth and Rights. 27 October 2022.
Delivered by Stafford and Kamara Scott, Forensic Architecture Guest Professors, and introduced by Prof. Eyal Weizman.
An investigation by Forensic Architecture (FA) and the Climate Litigation Accelerator (CLX) which finds that the Bolsonaro administration’s policies led directly to a rapid spread of destructive gold mining in the Brazilian Amazon, and increasing violence against indigenous Yanomami communities that live there.
An investigation by Forensic Architecture (FA) and the Climate Litigation Accelerator (CLX) which finds that the Bolsonaro administration’s policies led directly to a rapid spread of destructive gold mining in the Brazilian Amazon, and increasing violence against indigenous Yanomami communities that live there.
Working with activists and lawyers in Jerusalem, Forensic Architecture has constructed an interactive urban narrative explaining the policies and practices through which Palestinian families in the neighbourhood of Sheikh Jarrah are being forcibly displaced of their properties, and their protracted struggle with the Israeli courts and various settler groups. The story traverses multiple scales starting from families whose homes are invaded by settlers, and moving to the street, neighbourhood, the city and the land, showing how Israeli settler-colonial practices and apartheid planning combine to displace Palestinians.
On 19 February 2020, nine people were murdered in a racist terror attack in Hanau, Germany. After the attack, the perpetrator went to his house, where he killed his mother, and himself. Police knew the perpetrator's address early on but did not storm the house for almost five hours. We were asked by the victims' families and the Initiative 19. Februar to examine how the police operation unfolded.
Inquiries contact: info [at] forensic-architecture.orgRussian Strike on the Kyiv TV TowerForensic Architecture2022-09-15 | This investigation inaugurates a long-term collaboration between Forensic Architecture (FA) and the Center for Spatial Technologies (CST) that aims to deliver detailed reconstructions of Ukrainian sites of cultural and historical significance affected by the Russian invasion. Just over three months since the Russian invasion of Ukraine, we present a detailed examination of one of the first significant—and notably symbolic—events of the war, the Russian military’s missile strike on the Kyiv TV tower, located near the Babyn Yar Memorial site.
Our investigation applied FA’s modelling and open source methodologies to determine the precise nature and outcome of the attack, drawing upon the CST’s long-term study of Babyn Yar, the site of one of the first and deadliest mass shootings of the Holocaust. Through the CST’s unprecedented analysis of the site, we were able to further analyse the confluence of past and present within this fraught landscape and the wider weaponisation of historical memory in the ongoing conflict.
On 19 February 2020, nine people were murdered in a racist terror attack in Hanau, Germany. After the attack, the perpetrator went to his house, where he killed his mother, and himself. Police knew the perpetrator's address early on but did not storm the house for almost five hours. We were asked by the victims' families and the Initiative 19. Februar to examine how the police operation unfolded.
Marking the launch of Al-Haq’s Forensic Architecture Investigation Unit based in Ramallah and built in collaboration with Forensic Architecture, we examined the circumstances of the 15 May 2021 Israeli bombing of the Khudair Pharmaceuticals and Agricultural Tools Company in Beit Lahiya—the largest agricultural chemical warehouse in Gaza—as part of the environmental disaster imposed on Palestinians in the besieged enclave.
Part of FA and the Truth Commission's investigation into the processes of campesino dispossession which are taking place in the Urabá region of Colombia.
Part of FA and the Truth Commission's investigation into the processes of campesino dispossession which are taking place in the Urabá region of Colombia.
Part of FA and the Truth Commission's investigation into the processes of campesino dispossession which are taking place in the Urabá region of Colombia.
FA and the Truth Commission analysed the mechanisms of land dispossession in Nueva Colonia, in the region of Urabá Antioqueño, that have led to the dispossession of campesinos, and the transfer of their land to companies for commercial monocrop banana cultivation.
The region, on Colombia’s northwestern Caribbean coast, is the heartland of the country’s banana industry. Urabá is known for extreme political violence, which has gripped the region since the 1980s. Massacres and paramilitary groups have driven away thousands, who left behind their homes and agricultural land.
The project shows how dispossession occurred in the shadow of armed repression, massacres, and terror spread by private paramilitary forces, serving local and international banana producers under the protection of the Colombian military. It exposes how these producers benefited from the dispossession of campesinos.
Forensic Architecture y la Comisión de la Verdad analizaron los mecanismos de despojo de tierras en Nueva Colonia, en la región del Urabá Antioqueño, que han llevado al despojo de campesinos y la transferencia de sus tierras a empresas para el monocultivo comercial de banano.
La región, en la costa caribeña noroccidental de Colombia, es el corazón de la industria bananera del país. Urabá es conocido por la violencia política extrema, que se ha apoderado de la región desde la década los 80. Las masacres y los grupos paramilitares han ahuyentado a miles, que han dejado atrás sus hogares y sus tierras.
El proyecto muestra cómo se produjo el despojo a la sombra de la represión armada, las masacres y el terror sembrado por fuerzas paramilitares privadas, al servicio de los productores bananeros locales e internacionales bajo la protección de militares colombianos. Expone cómo estos productores se beneficiaron del despojo de los campesinos de la región.
On 6 November 1985, a guerrilla group known as M19 stormed the Palace of Justice in Bogotá, taking state officials and members of the Colombian Supreme Court hostage. Security forces initiated a counter-siege that lasted two days, leaving over a hundred dead and large parts of the building burned.
Instead of focusing on what happened inside the Palace between the guerrillas and the military, a new visual investigation by FA and the Truth Commission examines the logistics of the military in their counterinsurgency operation and what happened to certain individuals once they left the building.
The joint research shows how cafeteria workers, students, visitors, guerrillas, and judges were classified as ‘special’ or ‘suspects’, detained, taken to different military facilities across the city, tortured, executed and in some cases, forcibly disappeared by the Colombian armed forces.
El 6 de noviembre de 1985, una organización guerrillera conocida como M19 irrumpió en el Palacio de Justicia de Bogotá y tomó como rehenes a funcionarios y miembros de la Corte Suprema de Justicia. Las fuerzas de seguridad iniciaron entonces un contra-asedio que duró dos días, dejó más de cien muertos y quemó gran parte del edificio.
En lugar de centrarse en los eventos que ocurrieron dentro del Palacio de Justicia, en la confrontación militar, una nueva investigación de Forensic Architecture y la Comisión de la Verdad examina la logística de los militares en su operación de contrainsurgencia y lo que le sucedió a cientos de personas una vez abandonaron el edificio.
Esta investigación conjunta muestra cómo los trabajadores de la cafetería, estudiantes, visitantes, guerrilleros y jueces fueron clasificados como 'especiales' o 'sospechosos', detenidos, llevados a diferentes instalaciones militares en la ciudad, torturados, ejecutados y en algunos casos desaparecidos forzadamente por las fuerzas militares colombianas.
On the 5th of May 2021, Lucas Villa, a Colombian student, was shot and fatally wounded in Pereira, Colombia while participating in the National Strike. Our findings suggest Lucas was targeted in a coordinated assassination.
El 5 de mayo del 2021, Lucas Villa, un estudiante colombiano, fue herido de muerte a disparos mientras participaba en el Paro Nacional. Nuestra investigación sugiere que Lucas fue el blanco de un asesinato coordinado.
On 23 June 2020, Ahmad Erekat, a 26-year-old Palestinian, was shot by Israeli occupation forces after his car crashed into a booth at the ‘Container’ checkpoint between Jerusalem and Bethlehem in the occupied West Bank. Working in collaboration with the Palestinian human rights organisation Al-Haq, Forensic Architecture’s Palestine Unit was asked by the Erekat family to examine the incident. Using 3D modeling, shadow analysis and open-source investigation, we established the circumstances of the crash of Ahmad’s car, the use of lethal force, the denial of medical aid that followed, and the degrading treatment of Ahmad’s body. Our analysis raises major questions about Ahmad’s killing that raise doubts in the Israeli army’s claims and call for further investigation.
A video posted to social media shows what looks like blood pouring from the drains of an unremarkable suburban house in Burundi’s capital. What was going on behind its walls? Employing our techniques of situated testimony, and collaborating with investigative reporters, we sought to find out.
Inquiries contact: info [at] forensic-architecture.orgLiving Archaeology (Arabic)Forensic Architecture2022-02-24 | ...Living Archaeology (English)Forensic Architecture2022-02-24 | Decades of bombings and humanitarian disaster, inflicted on Palestinian communities by the Israeli occupation, pose a constant threat not only to Palestinian lives but also to their cultural heritage. FA has conducted the first virtual excavation of this remarkable archaeological site along Gaza’s coastline, illustrating the myriad threats it faces.
See the full investigation here: forensic-architecture.org/investigation/living-archaeology-in-gazaHanau Attack Emergency Exit (Preliminary Investigation; EN)Forensic Architecture2021-12-21 | On 19 February 2020, in Hanau, Germany, a racist terror attack left nine people dead, six of them in or near the local Arena bar. There are reports that the bar’s emergency exit was routinely locked, and the victims of the attack didn’t run towards it for that reason. We examined whether, had they tried to do so, and it had been open, they could have survived the attack.Hanau-Anschlag: der Notausgang (Vorläufige Untersuchung; DE)Forensic Architecture2021-12-21 | On 19 February 2020, in Hanau, Germany, a racist terror attack left nine people dead, six of them in or near the local Arena bar. There are reports that the bar’s emergency exit was routinely locked, and the victims of the attack didn’t run towards it for that reason. We examined whether, had they tried to do so, and it had been open, they could have survived the attack.Digital Violence: Pegasus StoriesForensic Architecture2021-07-20 | Visit the Digital Violence platform at digitalviolence.org/. Supported by Amnesty International and the Citizen Lab, Forensic Architecture’s Digital Violence investigation is a multidimensional study of the global use of the malware Pegasus made by Israeli cyber-surveillance company NSO Group.
Using data from the platform and first-hand interviews (conducted with Laura Poitras) with reported targets and investigators of NSO’s spyware, Forensic Architecture’s video series, The Pegasus Stories, reveals how digital infections are part of a toolkit of actions targeting the work of civil society around the world.