Herodotus on the Ancient Colchians: Were they black? Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-01-11 | In this video we address and discuss as to whether or not the ancient Colchians that Herodotus described were actually Egyptian or Africans in general?As many people have debated we discuss the possibility of this ancient people actually being black and why is that controversial?Dr. Kennedy goes on to discuss the racial motivation behind these questions, how debates surrounding Black Athena contribute to this argument and she points out that the term black was often applied to ancient Africans including the ancient Egyptians and how black peoples in the ancient world were able to live quite well outside of Africa in Antiquity.Get your Sea Peoples | Late Bronze Age Merch below!Mugs: teespring.com/new-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=658&cid=102950Hoodies | Shirts | Tank Tops: teespring.com/get-sea-peoples-mediterranean?pid=212&cid=5819Get your Hittite Merch below!Mugs: teespring.com/HittiteEmpireMug?pid=658&cid=102950&sid=frontShirts | Tank Tops | Hoodies: teespring.com/hittite-empire-shirt?pid=2&cid=2397Trojan War Merch Below!Mugs: teespring.com/trojan-war-coffee-mug?pid=658&cid=102950Tank Tops | Shirts | Hoodies: teespring.com/TrojanWarShirt?pid=2&cid=2397Doctor Rebecca Futo Kennedy is Associate Professor of Classics, Women's and Gender Studies, and Environmental Studies at Denison University; and the Director of the Denison Museum. Her research focuses on the political, social, and cultural history of Classical Athens, Athenian tragedy, ancient immigration, ancient theories of race and ethnicity, and the reception of those theories in modern race science.Support Dr. Rebecca Futo Kennedy and her awesome work at all of these great sites!Academia: https://denison.academia.edu/RebeccaKennedyBlog: rfkclassics.blogspot.comBuy her books: amazon.com/kindle-dbs/entity/author/B0024JIKS4Twitter: twitter.com/kataplexisWhy I teach about race and ethnicity in the classical world (article.)https://eidolon.pub/why-i-teach-about-race-and-ethnicity-in-the-classical-world-ade379722170Hittite Coffee Mug: teespring.com/HittiteEmpireMug To support the channel, become a Patron and make history matter!Patreon: patreon.com/The_Study_of_Antiquity_and_the_Middle_AgesDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdaleEnjoy history merchandise? Check out affiliate link to SPQR Emporium!http://spqr-emporium.com?aff=3*Dislaimer, the link above is an affiliate link which means we will earn a generous commission from your magnificent purchase, just another way to help out the channel!Join our community! Facebook Page:facebook.com/THESTUDYOFANTIQUITYANDTHEMIDDLEAGESTwitter: twitter.com/NickBarksdaleInstagram: instagram.com/study_of_antiquity_middle_agesFacebook Group: facebook.com/groups/164050034145170
Lost Cities of the Classical Mayans Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2024-10-14 | The kingdoms and city states of the ancient Maya have mostly been lost to time. But only now are we beginning to understand just how much has been lost. What we formerly knew as islands of stone ruins and step pyramids in a sea of cloud forest is now being revealed as a much larger and more developed civilization throughout the southern regions of Mesoamerica.Focusing on two new discoveries in the Yucatán Peninsula and Guatemala, this episode seeks to reframe the narrative we have constructed on the eras of Mayan development and integrates the new discoveries into our wider understanding. At least, that's the goal! The enigmatic complexity of these forgotten kingdoms is as difficult to excavate as their physical remains.Compelled to apologize for my pronunciations of various Mayan languages, I hope they can be received in the spirit they are offered: as an outsider's earnest attempt to understand better the history and culture of the ancient Maya.ALSO -- For anyone who might enjoy the narration of DW Draffin and want to hear the fiction that he also writes and performs, please head over to his personal website https://dwdraff.in and navigate to the first chapter of his four volume novel LISICA, a Scientist soap opera on a mysterious island in the North Pacific. The episodes are posted weekly for free without ads. It is science and love and beauty and escapism all rolled into one, so that we may all survive 2024 with some shreds of humanity and sanity.To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLinkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/024e3f29
Irk Bitig: Divinations of the Uyghur Ancients Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2024-08-29 | The oldest surviving document in Old Turkic, the Irk Bitig is the Book of Omens for the ancient Uyghur culture of Central Asia. Written around 1200 years ago, this small book was found in the Thousand Buddha Caves outside Dunhuang in Gansu, western China. Containing 65 omens that could be divined by the use of prayer sticks or bone dice, these were likely an animist oral tradition that predates the written word and Buddhism in the region.This episode became as much about crafts and texts as it did voice and images. Divination is a cultural tradition that is nearly universal across all regions and eras. So I bought knucklebones on Etsy and a woodburning tool. I fashioned prayer sticks and I made my own artful little book. To better understand the document, I adapted the Book of Omens from its transliteral versions into a more accessible attempt.The original as translated by Talat Tekin can be found here:https://altaica.ru/LIBRARY/Tekin%20Talat/Tekin_Irk%20Bitig%20-%20The%20Book%20of%20Omens%201993.pdfMy adaptation can be found here:drive.google.com/file/d/1oZnfnHXBSDLEO4CbOvjceSh3668nMABS/view?usp=sharingListening to a list of omens may sound like a dull way to spend a half hour, but I assure you that the omens contain their own lyrical power, and the insight they provide into the lost lives of the ancient nomads of the steppe cannot be replicated anywhere else. I invite you to not only appreciate the wisdom and traditions of the ancient Uyghur people, but to use your own four-sided dice to generate your own divinations and see how they might apply to your life.Know thus: the omens are good!To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLinkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/eea3bd37
Origins of Japan Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2024-06-28 | The early history of Japan has long been an enigma, cloaked in the obscurity of millennia. But as with so many other places, the wonders of population genetics and advances in archaeology are finally answering many of the most central questions of Japanese identity. Who are the Japanese people? From where did their ancestors immigrate? Which of their oral traditions and myths have been supported by science, and which contradicted?A new research initiative in Japan, the JEWEL (science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi8419) study, has confirmed many elements of new theories that have begun to come into focus regarding the three major waves of migration into Japan over the last 40,000 years. The first, of the proto-Jōmon, has been known for quite some time. The Yayoi, who migrated from Central China through the Korean Peninsula ~2500 years ago, have begun to be well documented also. But a new migration, previously unknown in the historical and archaeological record, has revealed that during the Kofun period ~1600 years ago, a large silent migration crossed the Sea of Japan from the Yellow River basin in China and parts further north, contributing a Han Chinese and Northeast Asian component to the modern Japanese genetic profile of as much as 71%.How these discoveries fit into the wider history of Japan until the dawn of the Shogunate era in 1159 is the focus of this episode. Please sit back and delight in the stories and imagery of classic Japan!To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLinkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/0cb73af4
Einhards Life of Charlemagne Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2024-05-12 | Here is King Charles of the Franks, Charlemagne, the Father of Europe, Holy Roman Emperor (748-814 CE). His biography is from one of his closest advisors and confidantes, the scholar Einhard (775-840 CE), with an introduction by the medieval scholar abbot Walafridus Strabo (808-849 CE). Both Strabo and Einhard make efforts to convince their readers and listeners that this account is absolutely historically perfect because Einhard was there. As such, we are supposed to receive it as uncritically as we would a sermon from the Bible. Such ideas of objective impartiality were well-accepted in this age. But finding Einhard's oblique opinions hidden in the reportage makes for fascinating research. For example, Queen Fastrada seems to represent all that was ever wrong about the reign of Charles to Einhard, and the concubine who followed her is so little loved that he omits her name from the historical record entirely, pretending that he doesn't recall the name of the mother of one of the children of the King.Einhard speaks on the 47 years of war and conquest, but also on the domestic and personal sides of Charles. He covers something of the history of the French royal houses and discusses the religion, law, and culture of the 8th - 9th century Franks. But as with any story of Charlemagne, this account encompasses the known world, from Persia to Denmark, from Scotland to Beneventum. What is so fascinating about this account is that it is such a clear and extended look at an individual who lived over 1200 years ago--and not just any individual but one of the most extraordinary figures in the historical record. Einhard works quite hard to try to communicate the grandeur and force of Charlemagne as a person, hoping to convey to us how a single man was able to build such a great empire.This is a new adaptation I've written from public-domain versions of the text which attempts to make it as accessible and clear to a modern audience as possible. As such, it is not a word-perfect translation. Certain flourishes have been edited out and other concepts and passages have been expanded so that the audience might understand them better. Apologies for the French accent.To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLinkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/71ececc8
Insular India - An Archaeological Timeline Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2024-04-01 | The origins of the Indian subcontinent lie in its very geology, its ancient volcanoes and Himalayan massif. This unique land has been the home to an unbroken human occupation of many of its mountains and valleys and shorelines. Here is an overview of the current scholarly consensus on how the Indian subcontinent developed. From its first primates to the dawn of the Vedic civilization, Insular India introduces the genetics, linguistics, and primarily the prehistoric archaeological evidence in the region--from the Narmada human to Balangoda Man to the first villages of pre-Harappan Indus Valley. I hope you enjoy the journey as much as I have.To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLinkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/72e1cec5
The Silk Road Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2024-02-20 | The Mighty Silk Road! As seen from its distant origins right up until today! Allow me to introduce Kevin MacFarland and his family from the exploration website intofarlands.com . Please go visit his site and buy his fancy Silk Road Map at kickstarter.com/projects/intofarlands/the-silk-roads-map-on-a-silk-or-leather-scroll to further fund his explorations!He has done what many of us have only dreamed of doing, taking the wide Asian continent on its own terms and retracing the myriad Silk Routes between China's Pacific coast to the markets of Turkey. From the deadly Taklamakan Desert to the Grand Canal of Huangzhou and the bazaars of Jordan, this family with a toddler and baby have been traveling these regions for years.The Silk Road is one of the great wonders of the world. Put it on the list! For over 1500 years it formed a backbone of cultural, genetic, and even disease transmission across Eurasia. Focusing on a few key figures such as Tong Yabghu, Qaghan of the 7th century Göktürks and Zhang Qian, emissary and explorer of the Han Dynasty, this video is a departure from our normal style. It includes not only our documentary style but also the enthralling experiences of Kevin's own narration and interviews.To take a long look at the Silk Road with us, please watch the video and take a journey over Into Far Lands! intofarlands.comTo support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLinkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/2c47ae01
The Vikings and The Muslim Scholar Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2023-12-22 | The earliest eyewitness account of Vikings, now available in an accessible modern adaptation. The heartwrenching tale of the death of an unnamed slave girl. A travelogue of Central Asia in a time of which we have no other record. All this through the eyes of an Islamic jurist sent in a delegation to the Volga heartland. Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān departed Baghdad in 921 CE and headed east and north. His are the earliest recorded observations of those we consider Vikings, and they occurred far from their lands of origin. That is why some consider them Volga Vikings or Varangians, whose immediate ancestors had sailed from Scandinavia down the Volga to found the city of Kiev and build an empire.To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=join_linkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/2c47ae01
Mysteries of Neolithic Europe Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2023-11-27 | From the shores of Lake Ohrid in Macedonia to the banks of the Danube in Serbia, the growing discoveries of Neolithic Europe just keep coming. Stretching further back in time over ten thousand years now and growing richer and deeper in complexity, what we now understand about the Starčevo Culture, the Hamangia, the Vinča and the Varna, is that early Southeastern Europe held a flowering of culture unsurpassed for thousands of years at the dawn of modern times.While we examine many of these early cultures, it's impossible to be comprehensive. The Neolithic era spans thousands of years, with innumerable cultures rising and falling in turn, until the eventual end of what has been referred to as Old Europe at the hands of the Proto-Indo-Europeans at the onset of the Eneolithic.To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=join_linkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/2c47ae01
The Pictish Problem - Genetics of Scotland Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2023-08-15 | Imputed genomes and haplotype-based analyses of the Picts of early medieval Scotland reveal fine-scale relatedness between Iron Age, early medieval and the modern people of the UKFollow along at this open access link: journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1010360#pgen.1010360.ref052Before the modern Scots, before the Angles and Saxons and Nordic populations of the Danelaw, before the Romans... Scotland was the land of the Picts. But where have these mysterious populations gone? In one of the first genetic analyses of Pictish Scotland, the authors of this PLOS Genetics article chart the results of eight bodies from Pictish graves from Ballintore and Lundin Links, Scotland.This is an initial study, not nearly as comprehensive as those done in neighboring England and Ireland, but the data indicate the movements of ancient populations over the millennia, and the authors promise further studies to come. So for you lovers of Scotland, wonder no more about the fate of the Picts, for their history is written in their genes.To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=join_linkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/db0c94cd
The Sunken Sciences Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2023-06-15 | Here at The Study of Antiquity & The Middle Ages, we can't take the conspiracies and lunacy any longer. Every video we post is met with comments of unsupported pseudo-histories of ancient forgotten underwater fantasy kingdoms. The non-academic non-documentary documentaries they call their sources fill Netflix and YouTube. It's a real problem. Many members of the wider public have lost sight of what is actual real history and what is instead wish-fulfillment... or perhaps something even worse.But what a shame it is! The diverse fields of maritime archaeology have made an astounding number of finds across the globe lately, stretching from Lake Manyara in Tanzania to the lost landscape of Doggerland to fresh discoveries in the eastern Mediterranean--including the world's oldest road, from 7,000 years ago! The fever dreams of Atlantis and fictional lost continents are nothing compared to the actual real-world advances that these Sunken Sciences are making.To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=join_linkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/74125afaJune 2nd, 2023, is the one year anniversary of Nick's passing. We miss him so much!
Khmer Empire - Stolen and Returned Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2023-04-01 | In 802 CE, Jayavarman II climbed a holy mountain to declare himself the god king of a new empire. What he founded was a nation of Khmer people who constructed some of the most ambitious building projects of the ancient world.But in later ages, Cambodia was looted and many of its treasures stolen. Now, a global movement is underway to return many of the lost treasures to their rightful home. An extraordinary place, where the majesties of ancient kingdoms lie hidden in dense forests and jungles, the Khmer Empire erected Hindu temples that have over time become Buddhist, with no example more clear than Angkor Wat itself!To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=join_linkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/a6794b90
Women of Iran Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2023-02-20 | What gives today's women and their allies such courage to risk life and liberty protesting on the streets of Iran? It is many things, including a universal sense of injustice and increasing desperation, but in this case it is also their suppressed history of equal rights and traditions that honor women in all walks of life. Hardly universal, these unique traditions of equality were quite remarkable in a region where women were usually seen as lesser beings. But the culture of the Persian kingdoms (Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Sassanian) held that women could rule, own property, marry who they pleased, run businesses, and serve in the military. Learn of the fighting spirit of Youtab in the Battle of the Persian Gate, or the fierce rebellions led by Apranik and Banu Khorramdin! Hear of the medical advances advocated by Azadokht Shahbanu and the business empire ruled by Irdabama! The women of Iran have spent millennia in positions of honor and power. Today they demand a return to the old ways.Zan - Zendegi - AzadiWoman - Life - FreedomTo support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=join_linkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/790aca6b
Song of Everlasting Sorrow Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2023-01-17 | Check out the article by World History Encyclopedia Here: worldhistory.org/article/888/song-of-everlasting-sorrowSet against the backdrop of the opulent Tang Dynasty and the epic An Lushan rebellion, the Song of Everlasting Sorrow is one of the most famous poems of not only ancient China, but a core legend of many other cultures in the region, from Vietnam to Japan.This, the most popular of poet Bai Juyi's 2800 poems, Song of Everlasting Sorrow has taught the world the meaning of love, sacrifice, and regret, for centuries.To support the channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=join_linkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/790aca6b
Ancestral Puebloans Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2023-01-01 | The modern Pueblo peoples of the American Southwest are from a genetic and cultural lineage that dates all the way back to the Pleistocene. A thousand years ago, the Ancestral Puebloans were the dominant civilization of the high desert. Their multitude of canyon settlements, cliff dwellings, and cities of adobe brick are some of the most impressive archaeological ruins in the world.Tracing their phases of development from Paleo-Indian to Archaic to Ancestral Puebloan and the early phases of the modern Pueblo culture, we also look at their geographic setting and explore facts about their daily lives, including their habits as hunters and gatherers, then agriculturalists. We discuss their genetics. From the Hopi lands of northeastern Arizona to the Rio Grande Valley of New Mexico, we look at the roots of the Tanoan and Keresan-speaking Pueblos of today. We examine the history of their weaving and pottery and story-telling. Also, the depth of their rituals and religion.Come join us for an hour of desert sunshine and the breathtaking artifacts of a civilization nearly 11,000 years old!To support the channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=join_linkDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/790aca6b
Ancient Sardinia Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-11-19 | One of the ancient peoples of Europe, the Sardinians hold a special place in the world's genetic, linguistic, and historical record. This island was claimed in antiquity by the Bell Beaker people, the Ozieri, and the mysterious Nuragic empire with their tremendous towers and structures called nuraghe, some of which are among the oldest surviving structures in the world.More recently, Sardinia was claimed by the Greeks and the Phoenecians, the Romans and Carthaginians, the Vandals and Ostrogoths... The rich history of their unique language, perhaps the only one in Europe related to proto-Basque, and their genetic lineages that preserve Western European Farmer ancestry thousands of years after the rest of Europe had been influenced by steppe haplogroups, make the modern Sards some of the most ancient people we know.To support the channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creatorDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/a6794b90
Ancient News Episode 005 Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-10-26 | Welcome to another episode of Ancient News!First, let us apologize for the audio issues. Please adjust your speakers accordingly. We think we've figured it out for later episodes.Also: At 12:16 James has sent us a correction -- The Hittite hieroglyphs are not 1500 but 3500 years old.Our flaws exposed... now on with the show! Today James Flieschmann from the Ancient Beat Newsletter brings five of his favorite stories from the headlines of ancient history, anthropology, and archaeology. First, a bombshell in Egyptology. Zahi Hawass has news about Queen Nefertiti's mummy! And there's even more news coming about ancient Egypt. Grave robbers who hoped to steal from undiscovered tombs in ancient Memphis have led authorities to even greater discoveries! What can calcium spherulites in fossilized dung tell us about animal domestication in Syria nearly 15,000 years ago? Quite a lot, actually! Then off to the Caucasus mountains of Georgia, where a 1.8 million year old tooth has been discovered! And finally, hidden hieroglyphs of Hittites in Hattusa have been revealed! Take a look at images that haven't been seen for thousands of years!These five stories are just an introduction to the compendious collections at Ancient Beat! ancientbeat.substack.com/p/ancient-beat-29-hidden-hieroglyphs?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email Do James a favor and subscribe!To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creatorDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/790aca6b
Disease in Ancient Faces Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-10-19 | Paleopathology: The study of disease through the evidence of fossils and other archaeological evidence. Dr. Otto Appenzeller, PhD, Professor Emeritus of Neurology and Medicine at the University of New Mexico, shares his decades of research with us. Ancient iconography, in both paintings and statues, provides enough detail for modern researchers to confidently diagnose diseases of the past. Join us in this fascinating glimpse inside the biological pathologies of specific figures of antiquity!(Apologies to all for the quality of audio! Please enable subtitles to follow more clearly.)To support the channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creatorDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/790aca6b
Ancient News Episode 004 Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-10-01 | Welcome to the next fascinating installment in the Ancient News Series! The intrepid James Fleischmann takes us to East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo where a 31,000 year old skeleton shows signs of an amputated leg! Then off to Limerick, Ireland where photographer Ken Williams has developed a new optical technique that reveals carvings and etchings on the Grange Stone Circle! In the northern Arabian desert, scholars have identified 350 ancient star-shaped kites, walled structures that force prey animals into traps and killing zones! And then to Turkey, where an ancient stone bathtub has been attributed as the birthplace of 12th century poet and scholar Kadı Burhaneddin, who was delivered by water birth in this tub! Then finally we look at a study on the hybridization of Neanderthal and Homo Sapiens... it turns out our connections may be even more complicated than we thought!These five stories are just an introduction to the compendious collections at Ancient Beat! Do James a favor and SUBSCRIBE (ancientbeat.substack.com) To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creatorDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/790aca6b
Family Planning in the Ancient World Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-09-24 | From the earliest days of history, women's bodies have been central to reproduction, health, and civilization. Today we talk to Arienne Rich about her research on the earliest known details on abortion, contraception, and family planning in the Ancient Near East, and Ancient Greece and Rome. What part did religion play? What examples exist of those societies who supported abortion? What makes societies choose to outlaw it? Here are the roots of one of the most divisive debates in the modern world.To support the channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creatorDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/790aca6b
Ancient News Episode 003 Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-09-17 | On today's episode of Ancient News, James from the Ancient Beat Newsletter (ancientbeat.substack.com) brings us his favorite stories from the week's headlines:Pollen samples indicate that the Khufu Branch of the Ancient Nile may have been used to transport stones to the Giza pyramid complex! Evidence of an organized agriculture banana plantation has been found in the Torres Strait between Australia and Papua New Guinea that is 2000 years old, challenging our perception of these peoples as hunter gatherers! The incredible archaeological site of Sanxingdui in Central Asia continues to deliver more spectacular finds, including a 300 pound bronze creature from 3000 years ago! The Iceni Celts of ancient Britain and the Etruscans share one thing in common in two new papers: a resilience in the face of Roman occupation and victory against cultural erasure! And finally, a blockbuster trio of new papers on the origin of Proto-Indo-Europeans has sequenced the genomes of 727 ancient peoples who lived over the span of 10,000 years in the region (including the famous Griffin Warrior of Ancient Greece) and found that the expected Yamnaya DNA was not found in Anatolian samples!These six stories are just the tip of the iceberg at Ancient Beat! Do him a favor and SUBSCRIBE (ancientbeat.substack.com) To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creatorDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/790aca6b
The Story of Ahikar Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-09-16 | Sage, scholar, Vizier to Sennacherib and Esarhaddon in the capital city of Nineveh during the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the great counselor Ahikar represented an archetype to countless generations of peoples in the Ancient Near East.Whether Ahikar actually existed or not will most likely never be known, but his legend lives on in his many proverbs and wise sayings. And it wasn't only the Neo-Assyrians who extolled his virtues. Versions of his legend have been found as far afield as Ancient Egypt and as recently as the Ottoman Empire. Come take a deep dive with us into a world of political intrigue, paternal devotion, betrayal, and revenge.To support the channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creatorDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/790aca6b
Ancient News Episode 002 Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-09-03 | Welcome back to ANCIENT NEWS with James Fleischmann of the ANCIENT BEAT Newsletter (ancientbeat.substack.com/)! This week: Confirmation of the Louisiana State University mounds in Baton Rouge as the oldest structures in the Americas! Cantre'r Gwaelod (AKA the “Welsh Atlantis”) is a legendary lost kingdom which may have been rediscovered beneath the waters of Cardigan Bay! Was Crete conquered by the Mycenaeans or does new tool and artifact evidence point to a more integrated and peaceful co-existence? Bosque de Chapultepec in Mexico has long been known for its historical importance, but new ceramic and lithic findings extend the date of the site back 3000 years! And in ancient Patagonia, a wampo canoe burial has been discovered that is the first in South America, indicating that burial practices may be more universal than thought!These are just five of the many stories that James has curated for your educational enjoyment. Do him a favor and SUBSCRIBE (ancientbeat.substack.com) to Ancient Beat now!To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: patreon.com/make_history_matter?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creatorDonate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/790aca6b
Ancient News Episode 001 Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-08-27 | Welcome to our fancy new series ANCIENT NEWS, brought to you by the intrepid James Fleischmann of ANCIENT BEAT Newsletter (ancientbeat.substack.com/). This will be a weekly series devoted to the latest published news and discoveries in ancient history, anthropology, and archaeology.This week: A stupendous discovery of an ancient site of standing stones in Southern Spain dating back 7-8000 years! The first discovery of Magdalenian hunter-gatherers in the High Tatras mountains of Slovakia! Astragaloi from Ancient Greece found in an artificial cave in Israel! Evidence in the Kalahari of human occupation for over 20,000 years! And early evidence that humans existed in South America more than 18,000 years ago!These are just five of the many stories that James has curated for your educational enjoyment. Do him a favor and SUBSCRIBE (ancientbeat.substack.com) to Ancient Beat now!To support the SAMA channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/The_Study_of_... Donate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/790aca6b
The Gutians - Babylons Barbarians Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-08-06 | If every empire had its barbarians, the Gutians were the ones who afflicted Mesopotamia. From the founding of Akkad over four thousand years ago these mysterious nomads came rampaging out of the Zagros Mountains to lay waste to the Euphrates valley for millennia. Responsible for the fall of Akkad, Ur III, and even Babylon, they left no records of their own and are only known to history through the accounts of their enemies.Thanks to the esteemed Joshua J. Mark for this wonderful article and all the fine people at the World History Encyclopedia for their continued support. Our shared projects are one of the pillars of our community! Please visit the World History Encyclopedia (worldhistory.org) and subscribe to their many wonderful offerings today!To support the channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/The_Study_of_... Donate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale !!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!! gofund.me/2c47ae01Check out our store! History Merch: https://www.youtube.com/c/TheStudyofA...Get your history magazines here: https://www.karwansaraypublishers.com?tap_a=88561-7cbe2d&tap_s=1562085-46f5e5Enjoy history merchandise? Check out affiliate link to SPQR Emporium!http://spqr-emporium.com?aff=3Facebook Page:https://www.facebook.com/THESTUDYOFAN...Twitter: twitter.com/NickBarksdaleInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/study_of_an...Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/16405...
Origins of the first Americans Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-07-23 | Across the Beringian land bridge? Along the edge of the Greenland ice sheets? Down the Kelp Highway? SAMA takes a look at the latest academic research on the origins of the First Americans. New developments in archaeogenetics and paleogenomics, along with the latest theories from linguists and archaeologists and geologists, paint a clearer picture than ever before.Starting 47,000 years ago in Central Asia, the ancestors of nearly all Native Americans first migrated across Siberia to the Bering Strait and its glaciers that would trap them on its land bridge for millennia. Based on the latest DNA assays from sites such as Upward Sun River in Central Alaska and the Mal'ta on the shores of Lake Baikal, this episode attempts to be a somewhat comprehensive overview of the scholarship on the subject as of July, 2022.Links to the studies referenced in the episode:New insights into Eastern Beringian mortuary behavior: A terminal Pleistocene double infant burial at Upward Sun River pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1413131111#fig02Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans nature.com/articles/nature25173#Fig4Linguistic Phylogenies Support Back-Migration from Beringia to Asia ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951421A Late Pleistocene human genome from Southwest China doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.016Special thanks to Linguist Daniel Pitt for trying to teach me to pronounce Athabascan.To support the channel, become a Patron and make history matter! Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/The_Study_of_... Donate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdale!!!!!!!!!!Above and beyond all -- visit this link to the gofundme for the family of our dear departed founder Nick Barksdale!!!!!!!!!!gofundme.com/f/support-nick-barksdale-his-family?viewupdates=1&rcid=r01-16530644427-ccb18238d85a11ec&utm_medium=email&utm_source=customer&utm_campaign=p_email%2B1137-update-supporters-v5b
In Memoriam Nick Barksdale 1991-2022 Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-06-20 | Historian. Community builder. Loving father and husband. We miss you, Nick!Please support his family:gofundme.com/f/support-nick-barksdale-his-family?viewupdates=1&rcid=r01-16530644427-ccb18238d85a11ec&utm_medium=email&utm_source=customer&utm_campaign=p_email%2B1137-update-supporters-v5b(Yes, lovers of geography! I realize I should have said Caucusus instead of Carpathians. Please forgive me.)I didn't realize the cat made a cameo. His name is Monkeyman and he is 16.
The Ancient Egyptian Dendera Light Bulb Hypothesis | Explained by Archaeologist Carl Feagans Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-05-01 | SUPPORT the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01Article: Dendera Light Bulb and Baghdad Battery Nonsense: ahotcupofjoe.net/2016/11/dendera-light-bulb-and-bagdad-battery-nonsenseTaken from the original article; A resurgence of the thoroughly debunked “Dendera light bulb” and the “Baghdad battery” pairing has started making it’s way through Facebook lately. Its as if the internet ran out of crazy ideas and is recycling old ones. Or, more likely, a new generation of the gullible is learning to spell and is now making it’s way down the path of Big-Woo, where shills are pushing new comers to spend their money on books and videos.The Dendera Light Bulb claim; Ancient Egyptians had light bulbs powered by batteries made of jars that they ostensibly received from space aliens.The reality; There is a panel comprised of five stone reliefs in the Temple of Hathor in Dendera, Egypt that shows the mythical depiction of lotus flower spawning a snake held aloft by a djed pillar.The mythical symbols; The lotus is the symbol of creation, life, and birth in Egyptian religion and spirituality (Pinch 2004). A djed pillar is the symbol of stability and endurance. The snake represents Ra’s serpent form being created from primordial waters. The field surrounding Ra’s snake form is referred to in ancient Egyptian literature as protective magical energy in liquid form that all gods and pharaohs possess (Faulkner 1970).The temple; The Temple of Hathor, where the panel is situated, was constructed during the Graeco-Roman period at about 332-395 CE, and is one of the best preserved temples of the period in Egypt. A large hypostyle hall leads to a smaller hypostyle hall, which ultimately ends at the sanctuary.Follow and support Archeologist Carl Feagans and his work below!Website | Blog: ahotcupofjoe.netTwitter: twitter.com/cfeagans
The Kingdom of Pylos in the Bronze Age Collapse Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-04-16 | SUPPORT the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01In this episode that I am late in posting Mr. Nash takes us briefly into the Kingdom of Pylos and the Late Bronze Age Collapse.Who caused the destruction and chaos? The Sea Peoples? The lower class? Invaders far from the coast? What do we actually know?Support our awesome guest PhD Student Theodore Nash below!Twitter: twitter.com/theo_nashHistory Blog: mycenaeanmiscellany.wordpress.comCheck out our store! History Merch: youtube.com/c/TheStudyofAntiquityandtheMiddleAges/store
A non-binary warrior in medieval Scandinavia? Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-04-14 | SUPPORT the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01The modern re-analysis of a grave found in Finland over 50 years ago is challenging the traditional beliefs about gender roles in medieval Scandinavia. It reveals insights into how non-binary people could have been valued and respected members of their communities. -Medievalists.A medieval grave in Finland that was thought to hold the body of a female warrior or ruler has revealed a surprise — the person buried there may be non-binary. An archaeologist excavated the 900-year-old grave in 1968, finding inside the remains of an individual wearing oval brooches on top of woolen textiles — a style of dress that is "a typical feminine costume of the era," a team of researchers wrote in a paper published online July 15 in the European Journal of Archaeology. A sword was found on the left side of the individual, and another sword, likely deposited sometime after the person was buried, was buried above the burial. "Since then, the grave has been interpreted as evidence of powerful women, even female warriors and leaders in early medieval Finland," the researchers wrote. However, new DNA tests have revealed that the person is anatomically male and had Klinefelter syndrome, a condition in which a male has an extra X chromosome. Each cell normally holds a pair of sex chromosomes — XX for female and XY for male — that determines a person's sex. A person with Klinefelter syndrome has cells with XXY chromosomes, according to the Mayo Clinic. This condition can cause breast enlargement, infertility and a small phallus. After finding this genetic surprise, the researchers said it's possible that the person may have identified as non-binary, they wrote in the study. The fact that the person was buried with swords and jewelry suggests that people in their community accepted this identification and did not treat them as an outcast, the research team wrote. "It has been suggested that, in the ultramasculine environment of early medieval Scandinavia, men with feminine social roles and men dressing in feminine clothes were disrespected and considered shameful," the researchers wrote, noting that the new finding casts doubt on this idea. Because swords and jewelry cost a sizable amount of money, this person likely came from a wealthy and possibly influential family, the research team wrote. "The individual could have been a respected member of a community because of their physical and psychological differences from the other members of that community; but it is also possible that the individual was accepted as a non-binary person because they already had a distinctive or secured position in the community for other reasons; for example, by belonging to a relatively wealthy and well-connected family," the researchers wrote. Another possibility is that the person was a shaman or magic user. Surviving texts from the time suggest that some shamans and magic users were men who wore women's clothes because the Norse god Odin "was associated with feminine magic," the research team wrote. - Live Science.
Bronze Age Sicily - Populations, Cultures & Societies Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-04-10 | SUPPORT the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01The Bronze Age in Sicily, considered one of the most important periods of the island's prehistory, witnessed the establishment of a unitary and in some ways artistically vibrant culture. The three main phases of the period take their name from the most important centres at the time in question: Castelluccio (Early Bronze Age), Thapsos (Middle Bronze Age) and Pantalica (Late Bronze Age). There was a marked increase in cultural and commercial trade between regions near and far, particularly with Cornwall, across the Atlantic coasts of France, Spain, Sardinia, the Tyrrhenian coast to the Strait of Messina, and from here to the Aegean-Anatolian area. It was a world, therefore, in great turmoil, that felt the need to interconnect to achieve a better future.Around the end of the 3rd millennium BCE, Europe was involved in a series of technological and social events which developed in metallurgy and in the birth of hierarchical societies. The usage of bronze (2300-1750 BCE), a resistant metal alloy which is easily malleable, permitted the manufacture of a wide range of metal tools such as razors, axes, and blades, that provided for improved living standards of tribes (consisting of 20-30 people) which, in turn, contributed to population growth. These bronze items brought the dawn of mobile and unalterable wealth. Examination of the organization of the tomb areas found in the European necropoles of this era shows that societies began to evolve different classes within them. For instance, singular tombs were used for eminent figures whilst small groups of monumental tombs were employed as the eternal home of important families.
Ukrainian Origins | A Genetic and Cultural History Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-04-03 | SUPPORT the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01The Eurasian region north of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov has long been a crossroads of history, conquest, and migration. The Steppe nations that have formed on the doorstep to Central Asia have built their identities and cultures over millennia. This vast territory has been ruled by a multitude of peoples over the ages. It has always been a challenge to define Ukraine and its surrounding countries.Modern Ukraine is the largest country located fully in Europe. Its current population is the result of millennia of different populations arriving from every corner of the world. And yet, in the world of genetic research, Ukraine remains woefully understudied. 97 Ukrainian individuals currently living in Ukraine comprise the genome study’s dataset. The specific genetic groups, or haplotypes, that these people possess can be traced back through history, across the Steppe, and back into Africa, from which all our ancestors emerged 60,000 years ago. These first modern humans perhaps displaced or replaced the Denisovan populations of pre-modern humans who lived in caves. Denisovan remains have been found in Central Asia, specifically in a Siberian cave called Denisova, that are over 110,000 years old.Linguistic and genetic evidence suggests that the Yamnya were the first speakers of Proto-Indo-European languages to arrive on the Steppe. Along with Hittite elements from Anatolia and Maykop from the Caucasus, these cultures forged the backbone of most modern languages spoken from India to Ireland, from Hindi to Persian to Gaelic to Latin. For a thousand years the speakers of Proto-Indo-European dwelled on the Steppe before charging outward, usually to the west and south, in a series of waves known as the Indo-European Expansion from c. 2000-1000 BCE.Today, while ethnic Ukrainians comprise over 75% of the population of modern Ukraine, the genomes of many other ethnicities are present. The Russian genetic minority is approximately 20%, with a concentration in the southeast of the country, along with other smaller minority groups historically present in different parts of the country: Belarusians, Bulgarians, Crimean Tatars, Greeks, Gagauz, Hungarians, Jews, Moldovans, Poles, Romanians, Roma (Gypsies), and others.The modern world is shaped by more than just a collection of ancestral peoples and events. Yet we can never escape our past. As genetics are used more and more to individualize medicine and discover the roots of our past migrations, it is imperative that we identify actual distinct populations whose genetics may respond differently to treatment than others. In the study Genome Diversity in Ukraine, the authors conclude that there are very specific genetic signatures that define the Ukrainian genome. As the authors state, “To our knowledge, this study provides the largest to-date survey of genetic variation in Ukraine, creating a public reference resource aiming to provide data for medical research in a large understudied population.”This is the ancient history of the land of modern Ukraine. It is a tale of endless migration and conquest, of mixing cultures and ethnicities from every corner of the globe into a unique identity. These layers of history are the rich legacy of the peoples of the mighty rivers, endless Steppe, and Black Sea.
Croatian Origins | A Genetic and Cultural History Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-03-26 | SUPPORT the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01It begins with a mystery.Potočani is a small farming village in the Croatian interior, closer to the borders of Hungary and Bosnia-Herzegovina than to its own capital Zagreb. In 2007, a villager in the nearby hills began to dig a foundation for a garage. Heavy rains stopped his work and revealed a small pit. Bones protruded from the earth.The villager knew he had found a mass grave. But to further identify the skeletons he called the University of Zagreb. By chance, an archaeological team was nearby working on a highway project. They were able to study the remains on the very same day.Mass graves are an unfortunate part of the landscape in that region. 44 corpses were identified. At first, it was assumed that the bodies were from the recent Balkans conflict, or perhaps from World War II, but they found no modern objects in the pit. Upon inspecting the teeth of the dead, they found no fillings. These were not modern corpses. In fact, they were prehistoric. And they were men and women, old and young, close kin and stranger.Potočani is the oldest indiscriminate massacre ever discovered.Mario Novak, head of the Laboratory for Evolutionary Anthropology and Bioarchaeology at the Institute for Anthropological Research in Zagreb, Croatia, led a team who published a study in Plos One called Genome-wide analysis of nearly all the victims of a 6200 year old massacre. It details the genetic characteristics of 41 of the 44 bodies. The remaining three had insufficient material remaining for a genetic sample. What they learned opens a window into ancient Croatia.The paper states: Direct radiocarbon dates (~4200 BCE) as well as several recovered pottery fragments, assign the massacred people to the Middle Eneolithic (Copper Age) Lasinja culture which was widespread in the region of continental Croatia, northern Bosnia, Slovenia, eastern Austria, and western Hungary.
Irish Origins | The Genetic History of Ireland Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-03-19 | SUPPORT the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01The archaeological record of humans in Ireland begins in Castlepook Cave, County Clare, near the coastal city of Cork on the south coast. Here, a reindeer’s femur has been discovered that radiocarbon dating has identified as 33,000 years old. Initially excavated over a hundred years ago by the naturalist Richard Usher from a place he called Mammoth Cave (due to the abundance of mammoth bones found there) between 1904 and 1912, the reindeer bone was recently reexamined with modern techniques and technology and found to possess clear signs of butchery. It is the earliest specimen indicating human habitation in Ireland. But it doesn’t prove continuous habitation. Sea levels have changed dramatically over the eons, at times exposing land bridges to the British Isles that early migrants may have crossed only seasonally. Others might have been able to access the Irish shorelines in boats when the seas were far more shallow. Later immigrants almost certainly came in waves from the north and east and south, adding layer upon layer to the societies and cultures that already existed there.The earliest entries for human specimens in Ireland currently listed at haplogroup.info are two DNA samples—one a Mesolithic specimen from a cave in Limerick whose U5 haplotype roughly corresponds to the Gravettian Culture and whose genetics indicate he may have had black skin, brown hair, and blue eyes. And another Gravettian-era sample that was found near Galway, a more ancient relative of Cheddar Man, the famous specimen from Somerset, England from 9000 years ago.
The Origins of the Khazars | DNA - Geneticist Razib Khan Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-03-13 | SUPPORT the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01In this episode I host Geneticist Razib Khan on the origins of the Khazars and we explore what ancient and medieval DNA can tell us about the rise, fall and legacy of this mighty empire.Rising from obscurity this once nomadic Turkic people settled in modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, Crimea, and Kazakhstan and went on to create a commercial empire that would dominate the Medieval world surrounding it.From warring with other Turks, making alliances with the Byzantine Empire and their eventual fall to the Kievan Rus' we watch as another Steppe epic is carved into history. Lastly we approach the legacy of the Khazars exploring controversy and who they are today.Support Mr. Khan and his awesome work below!Website: razib.substack.comRazib Khan: razib.com/bio/wordpressTwitter: twitter.com/razibkhan
Magyar Origins | DNA - Geneticist Razib Khan Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-03-06 | SUPPORT the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01In this episode I am joined by geneticist Razib Khan as we dive into the genetic history and origins of the Magyars.We begin by reflecting on what comes to our mind when we think of the Nomad Confederacy that terrorized Europe in the Early Middle Ages. We see a transformation as these Steppe "barbarians" become a part of the very heart of medieval Europe as they become Christianized.But although they changed in many ways to become similar to their medieval Christian neighbors as Razib points out in an article titled "Hungarians as the ghost of the Magyar confederacy" they always remained European outsiders, as speakers of a language whose closest relatives are found in Siberia, a cultural mystery whose origins and affinity were only recently clarified by science.We discuss historiography and the place that the Magyars have within history itself while also noting how our views have changed over time and why.Lastly we see the birth of Modern Hungary, the expansion of the Ottoman Empire and the eventual fading away of the Magyars who chose to live and die by the sword.What we learn as our guest points out is that the cultural legacy of the Magyars far outweighs their genetic impact and Hungary and the Hungarian people would not be the same today without the history and story of the Magyars.Support Mr. Khan and his awesome work below!Website: razib.substack.comRazib Khan: razib.com/bio/wordpressTwitter: twitter.com/razibkhan
Etruscan Origins | Ancient Myths and DNA Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-02-20 | SUPPORT the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01We take a look at an early influential European civilization headquartered on the Italian peninsula, the Etruscans. Etruria, a region on the Central Western side of the Italian peninsula, that area covered by modern Tuscany, Lazio, and Umbria, was once home to a people and civilization called Etruscans. The Etruscan culture, having arisen around the 9th Century BC, flourished to become the dominant culture in Italy by 650 BC. How the origin of the Etruscans came about, and how their culture grew to out-compete other cultures on the Italian peninsula, including the Ligures and North Picenes in Northern Italy, the Rutulians Southeast of Rome, and the Sicanians of Sicily, will be discussed here.The Italian peninsula has been the home of human ancestors perhaps as far back as 850,000 years ago, and about 200,000 years ago the Neanderthals left evidence of their presence in Italy and were at that time the most advanced humans in Europe. Modern humans first entered the archaeological record in Italy around 40,000 years ago, and eventually gave rise to the earliest identifiable ancient civilizations of Italy.The historical record of ancient Italy begins with the legendary origins of Rome around 750 BC and the more or less concurrent beginnings of the Etruscan culture. The earliest people of Italy spoke a variety of languages, including Indo-European languages, and others, including the earliest Etruscans, spoke a language of non-Indo-European origin, leaving ancient Italy with no universal “Italian” language. Another linguistic influence on the people of the Italian peninsula came from Semitic Phoenicians and Carthaginians that brought Afro-Asiatic languages to Italy. The language of the most ancient Etruscans was based on the Tyrrhenian linguistic family, neither Indo-European nor of Greek origin, and stemmed from a Paleolithic Southern European linguistic heritage that pre-dated the Indo-European influence.The Iron Age in Italy (circa 1100 to 700 BC) coincided with the establishment of recognized cultural civilizations. The establishment of the Etruscan language around 900 BC may serve as a benchmark in determining the origin of the Etruscan culture during the seminal advent of the Iron Age. The oldest known written records from the Etruscan language date from the 8th Century BC, and written samples of the Etruscan language persist to the 1st Century AD.Support our AWESOME guest BELOW!Channel: youtube.com/c/HistoryandHeadlinesWebsite: historyandheadlines.comOriginal article titled "Egyptian Origins of Scotland? Debunked!" Facebook: facebook.com/historyandheadlinesTwitter: twitter.com/historyheaders
Egyptian Origins of Scotland Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-02-06 | SUPPORT the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01On January 28, 2022, we know of a Scotland firmly entrenched in the broader United Kingdom of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and previously a major member of the British Empire, but of course before 1707 when Scotland became part of the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland had been an independent kingdom since the 9th Century. With recent rumblings in Scotland of a return to independent status, increased interest in the origins of this great country and its people become relevant as modern scholars must know where you have been to determine where you are going. One bizarre theory of Scottish origins holds that Ancient Egyptians or other North Africans were the original founders of Scotland, and this account dates back to at least 1320!Mainstream academic history finds the first known written record of Scotland made by a Greek sailor, Pytheas, in 320 BC. By this time, Scotland, called “Orcas” by Pytheas, had already transformed from a land of tiny bands of hunter/gatherers to a relatively stable civilization of farmers and the establishment of permanent settlements that developed into towns. But what of the more ancient history that preceded the Greek knowledge of Scotland?Scientists tell us ancient Scots first appeared around the end of the last Ice Age, as much as 14,000 years ago, as evidenced by tools made of flint. No Neanderthal or earlier proto-human presence in Scotland has been discovered, so the first Scots are believed to be our “modern” human ancestors. These stone age Homo sapiens are believed to have traveled to the island of Great Britain via a “land bridge” that connected Great Britain to the European continent during the last part of or just after the last Ice Age. Obviously, this sort of academic allegation greatly precedes the advent of the Egyptian civilization, which is currently believed to have first developed around 3100 BC.Contrary to modern academic theories of the origins of humans in Scotland, Irish and Scottish mythology both claim that Scota, the daughter of an Egyptian pharaoh, had traveled to Ireland to establish a settlement on the Emerald Isle from which those people, called “Scotti” in these myths, in turn traveled to Scotland to establish the basis of the Scots people.Of course, people in the Medieval period and prior did not have established archaeological methods and technical tools such as Carbon dating, strata analysis, and an understanding of other methods of dating seemingly ancient fossils and artifacts. The human tendency to just make up an explanation for things unknown obviously included the topic of “where did the Scots people come from?” An early record of the Scota myth is found in the Book of Leinster, believed to have been completed around 1201 AD. An even earlier mention of the Scota story can be found in Historia Brittonum, written in the 9th Century AD and amended through the 12th Century AD.Yet another document claiming such amazing origins of the Scottish people is the The Declaration of Arbroath, a letter sent by Scottish noblemen to Pope John XXII in an effort to elicit the support of the Pope for the cause of the independence of Scotland. By claiming an ethnic heritage different from that of the other British people, the Scots hoped to undermine the efforts of England to dominate Scotland. In the Declaration, the Scots noblemen cite the “fact” that Scots were descended from Israelites that had traveled from Egypt to Scotland in ancient times, even before the Exodus.While mythological accounts may be entertaining and fun, and at times used to instill a level of pride or claim to an ancient heritage, modern science often undermines the premise of these myths with hard archaeological and scientific evidence.Support our AWESOME guest BELOW!Channel: youtube.com/c/HistoryandHeadlinesWebsite: historyandheadlines.comOriginal article titled "Egyptian Origins of Scotland? Debunked!" Facebook: facebook.com/historyandheadlinesTwitter: twitter.com/historyheaders
The Battle Axe culture and Indo European Migrations Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-01-09 | Support the Barksdale Family and History Channel BELOW!gofund.me/2c47ae01The Battle Axe Culture: Piecing Together the Age of Crushed Skulls by ALEKSA VUČKOVIĆ.Ancient Origins Article Link : ancient-origins.net/human-origins-science/battle-axe-culture-0013895Peering into the development stages of the Neolithic cultures of Old Europe has always been a challenging task for archaeologists and scholars. Reaching so far back into time in the hope of piecing together a detailed picture is a task that involves decades of dedicated work. Understanding the enigmatic secrets of the Battle Axe culture, which thrived in the coastal areas of southern Scandinavia and is considered to be one of the most important and most intriguing Chalcolithic cultures of Europe, can help us better understand the Indo-European migration and the replacement of Old European cultures.Get your history merch at our store: youtube.com/c/TheStudyofAntiquityandtheMiddleAges/storeAncient Origins Website: ancient-origins.netBecome an Ancient Origins Premium Member:members.ancient-origins.netTwitter: twitter.com/ancientoriginsFacebook Page: facebook.com/ancientoriginswebFacebook Group: facebook.com/groups/ancientorigins Music Attributions: Free HD Videos - No Copyright Video Source: bit.ly/2CbkIcQ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Music Composed by Luis Salazar And Fabian SalazarDownload from MUSIC STORE: wuauquikunamusic.bandcamp.com/More information:Website: http://www.wuauquikuna-official.com
Gilgamesh: A Biography Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2022-01-01 | LINK TO SUPPORT THE BARKSDALE FAMILY: gofund.me/2c47ae01 Gilgamesh is the semi-mythic King of Uruk in Mesopotamia best known from The Epic of Gilgamesh (written c. 2150 - 1400 BCE) the great Sumerian/Babylonian poetic work which pre-dates Homer's writing by 1500 years and, therefore, stands as the oldest piece of epic world literature.The motif of the quest for the meaning of life is first fully explored in Gilgamesh as the hero-king leaves his kingdom following the death of his best friend, Enkidu, to find the mystical figure Utnapishtim and gain eternal life. Gilgamesh's fear of death is actually a fear of meaninglessness and, although he fails to win immortality, the quest itself gives his life meaning. This theme has been explored by writers and philosophers from antiquity up to the present day.SUPPORT THE CHANNEL:Donate directly to PayPal: paypal.me/NickBarksdaleJoin our community! Facebook Page:facebook.com/THESTUDYOFANTIQUITYANDTHEMIDDLEAGESTwitter: twitter.com/NickBarksdaleInstagram: instagram.com/study_of_antiquity_middle_agesFacebook Group: facebook.com/groups/164050034145170Attribution:THE LOUVRE: Stunning 🏛️ ancient Mesopotamia exhibits in Paris - Let's go!!youtube.com/watch?v=uy558X2N1rc&t=397sThe Standard of Uryoutube.com/watch?v=IC-RQKMS7nw
Support Nick Barksdale, his Family and the YouTube Chanel Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-11-23 | SUPPORT NICK HERE: gofundme.com/f/support-nick-barksdale-his-familyWe are raising funds for Nick Barksdale and his family. Nick is the host of the popular Youtube channel The Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages and is a pillar of the online history community. He has been in hospital for months, has had multiple heart surgeries and is fighting for his life; all the while his wife is pregnant with a second child. Nick has no paid medical leave and has lost essential income. Please help!Nick turned only 30 in June and his Youtube channel is his passion. He and his wife Morgan have a 3 ½ year old daughter, with another daughter on the way. They just purchased their dream home with room for a new studio for Nick to produce even more videos for his channel, which is currently on hold. All money from this fundraiser will go directly to Nick & Morgan Barksdale. Over the next several weeks he continued to battle mysterious symptoms which led to more hospital visits, with many tests and still no solid answers. Feeling progressively worse and worse, he ended up back in the ER on September 9th where they did more tests then sent him home. The hospital called him back the next afternoon and told him that he needed to return to the ER immediately - he was septic.He was admitted with a sepsis diagnosis and the search began to find the source. It was finally discovered that he had endocarditis, an infection in the heart. By this time, the infection had abscessed his heart and had shredded his aortic and mitral valves. So they began aggressively treating the infection and put him on the schedule for open heart valve replacement surgery on September 27th. By the morning of September 25th, his two valves failed, his lungs filled with fluid and he coded due to heart attack. They had to put him on ECMO (a machine that does the job of his heart and lungs) and do emergency open heart surgery on the 25th. He made it through surgery but had complications with clots within 48 hours and had to be taken back into emergency surgery on the 27th. He seemed to do better but then a week later, more complications which led to another open heart surgery. At one point, a heart transplant was the only option on the table. It has been the most surreal experience that struck completely out of left field for Nick and his family. Who would have thought a seemingly healthy 30 year old man would literally end up in this condition and without any real answers as to how? There is still no answer and there may never be an answer as to where this infection started or how it got into his blood stream and ultimately into his heart. Nick was growing his Youtube channel and was only working part time at his regular job, meaning he had no benefits or sick leave available. He has been on Family and Medical Leave Act to hold his job but that is without pay. Morgan has thankfully been able to work flex hours at her job to keep her income going. Thankfully they have health insurance but even with that, their portion of whatever this hospital bill becomes will likely be significant. A discharge date is not even being discussed at this point, so they have no idea how long his hospital stay will ultimately be.To say it has been a scary, trying, painful 9 weeks for them is the understatement of the year. They have a strong faith and loving family support but Nick is not out of the woods yet and the fight for his life is not over. They are grateful for the many words, notes and letters of encouragement they have received and are totally humbled by the outpouring of love and kind deeds. There are not enough words to convey their heartfelt thankfulness. This fundraiser is organized and supported by World History Encyclopedia , a non-profit organization that has worked closely with Nick and his Youtube channel in the past. The whole WHE team is shocked and does everything they can to help Nick and support his family. All funds raised will go directly to Nick & Morgan Barksdale.— CAMPAIGN FOR NICK BARKSDALE —gofundme.com/f/support-nick-barksdale-his-familyChannel for the World History Encyclopedia:youtube.com/channel/UCXjB5CYw3yCS8soFozLhPFQWebsite: worldhistory.orgTwitter: twitter.com/whencyclopediaFacebook: facebook.com/whencyclopedia— ATTRIBUTIONS —The music used in this recording is the intellectual copyright of Michael Levy, a prolific composer for the recreated lyres of antiquity, and used with the creator's permission. Michael Levy's music is available to stream at all the major digital music platforms. Find out more on:ancientlyre.comyoutube.com/channel/UCJ1X6F7lGMEadnNETSzTv8Aopen.spotify.com/artist/7Dx2vFEg8DmOJ5YCRm4A5v?si=emacIH9CRieFNGXRUyJ9&nd=1World History Encyclopediawww.worldhistory.org
The Origins of the Scythians | DNA Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-09-04 | In this episode I am joined by Geneticist Razib Khan and we dive into an episode that many of your requested and that is the origins of the Scythians.The Scythians were a power of the ancient Steppes who made the image of the pants wearing barbarian on horseback in the popular imagination in the classical world.From discussing what ancient sources such as Herodotus had to say to looking at traditional narratives in historiography as to the origins of the Scythians, we then turn to look at what ancient DNA has to say about the ancient Scythians and where they came from... who they came from?Interestingly enough due to occupying the Eurasian Steppes we now know that there was some genetic diversity but they were all primarily homogenous.With admixtures related to European farmers and the Yamnaya culture. But we also see an interesting discovery that a certain percentage of Scythian ancestry can be traced to East Asians.Lastly, we leave off by discussing Russian scientists and their amusing attempts to clone ancient Scythian DNA.Support Mr. Khan and his awesome work below!Website: razib.substack.comRazib Khan: razib.com/bio/wordpressTwitter: twitter.com/razibkhan
Aryan Origins | Migration Theory and Etymological History Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-09-02 | Aryan is a designation originally meaning “civilized”, “noble”, or “free” without reference to any ethnicity. It was first applied as a self-identifying term by a migratory group of people from Central Asia later known as Indo-Iranians (who settled on the Iranian Plateau) and, later, applied to Indo-Aryans (who traveled south to settle northern India).The word had no widespread ethnic connotation prior to the 19th century CE other than its usage by the Persians (known as 'Iranians' from 'Aryans') to distinguish themselves from their Muslim Arab conquerors in the 7th century CE, and even then (it could be argued) it was not so much an ethnic distinction as one of class and personhood. Prior to the conquest, Persia had been “the land of the Aryans” and, afterwards, a term was coined for non-Aryans.'Aryan' became associated with ethnicity and, especially, with light-skinned (Caucasian) superiority, only after Western European scholars began translating, and often misinterpreting, Sanskrit texts in the 18th and more extensively in the 19th centuries CE. Theories had been advanced earlier regarding a correlation between Sanskrit and European languages, but this concept was popularized by the Anglo-Welsh philologist Sir William Jones (l. 1746-1794 CE) in 1786 CE who claimed there was a common source for these languages which he called Proto-Indo-European.Jones' claim inspired later writers to identify this “common source” and encouraged the French elitist Joseph Arthur de Gobineau (l. 1816-1882 CE) to develop the racist theories concerning “Aryan Blood” and White Supremacy which would become popularized in Germany through the works of Houston Stewart Chamberlain (l. 1855-1927 CE), the British-born political philosopher who would become Adolf Hitler's mentor and inspiration as well as informing the ideology and work of Alfred Rosenberg (l. 1893-1946 CE) which empowered the Nazi Party in Germany c. 1930-1945 CE.Jones' claim would also influence the work of the German philologist Max Muller (l. 1823-1900 CE) who, in attempting to identify this “common source” via the Rig Veda and the history of the Indus Valley Civilization, created the myth of an Aryan Invasion of the region which claimed light-skinned Aryans conquered darker-skinned indigenous people and established high civilization; an interpretation of his work which Muller himself never intended and, in fact, repudiated.The work of Gobineau, Chamberlain, and the Aryan Invasion claim would be embraced by the British throughout the 19th and 20th centuries CE to justify their control of India as they were the “Aryans” – a superior race – who were bringing culture and civilization to the less fortunate. This view was encouraged and popularized by the work of the British archaeologist Sir Mortimer Wheeler (l. 1890-1976 CE) who excavated the ancient Indus Valley Civilization cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro and claimed his finds supported Muller's Aryan Invasion theory. Just as the fair-skinned Aryans of old had brought civilization to India, Wheeler claimed, so now had the British.Most of Wheeler's work has been discredited in the modern day, as has Muller's invasion theory, and the works of every contributor to a definition of Aryan as referencing Caucasian have equally been dismissed as either misguided, misinterpretations, or intentionally racist. In the present day, the term is understood to properly refer to the early Indo-Iranian and Indo-Aryan migratory group, possibly originally from the region of the Ural River or, according to some scholars, to the Indo-Iranians only based on the continued usage of the term by the great Persian Empires of the Near East.Link to original article titled Aryan by Joshua J. Markworldhistory.org/AryanWebsite : https://www.ancient.eu/YouTube Channel : youtube.com/c/AncientEUTwitter : twitter.com/ahencyclopediaInstagram : instagram.com/ahencyclopediaFacebook : facebook.com/ahencyclopediaCheck out our store! History Merch: youtube.com/c/TheStudyofAntiquityandtheMiddleAges/storeGet your history magazines here: https://www.karwansaraypublishers.com?tap_a=88561-7cbe2d&tap_s=1562085-46f5e5Enjoy history merchandise? Check out affiliate link to SPQR Emporium!http://spqr-emporium.com?aff=3Facebook Page:facebook.com/THESTUDYOFANTIQUITYANDTHEMIDDLEAGESTwitter: twitter.com/NickBarksdaleInstagram: instagram.com/study_of_antiquity_middle_agesFacebook Group: facebook.com/groups/164050034145170
Olmec Head removed from African History Juneteenth Mural Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-08-30 | In this video I talk about a controversial subject and that is the use of Olmec colossal heads which are representative of Indigenous American Art and Mesoamerican Civilization in the Juneteenth Mural which is dedicated to African history.While studying modern attempts to whitewash or blackwash ancient American history I stumbled onto this petition that called for the removal of indigenous ancient American art from the monument and I was shocked because up until that time I hadn't actually knew about this controversy. The petition was apparently successful and has supposedly lead to the removal of the depiction.Lastly, I give my thoughts on the dangers of misinformation and the accidental of purposeful appropriation of the heritage, history and legacy of cultures and civilizations not our own and how this is not just damaging and distorting history itself but how it is harmful to the people whose history this actually is.Remove the Olmec from Juneteenth Mural In Galveston, TX Link: change.org/p/mitchell-historic-properties-remove-the-olmec-from-juneteenth-mural-in-galveston-txUpdate Link: change.org/p/mitchell-historic-properties-remove-the-olmec-from-juneteenth-mural-in-galveston-tx/w?source_location=petition_navTo my dear subscribers, thank you all. You have my love and appreciation. Like our channel? Support us by clicking the THANKS button under the video!Check out our store! History Merch: youtube.com/c/TheStudyofAntiquityandtheMiddleAges/storePatreon: patreon.com/make_history_matterGet your history magazines here: https://www.karwansaraypublishers.com?tap_a=88561-7cbe2d&tap_s=1562085-46f5e5*Disclaimer, the above link is an affiliate link which means we will earn a small commission from your magnificent purchase, just another way to help out the channel!Facebook Page:facebook.com/THESTUDYOFANTIQUITYANDTHEMIDDLEAGESTwitter: twitter.com/NickBarksdaleInstagram: instagram.com/study_of_antiquity_middle_agesFacebook Group: facebook.com/groups/164050034145170Video Attribution: Juneteenth: 1865-2021, Segment 3youtube.com/watch?v=II80fNT8HPsMural dedicated to Juneteenth unveiled in Galveston, Texasyoutube.com/watch?v=SwKlSOGUC-E&t=67s
Ancient Olmec Origins | DNA Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-08-28 | Originally I had posted a large episode that explained and debunked the "theory" that the ancient Olmec Civilization of Mesoamerica was an African civilization. However due to the length of the episode I knew many people wouldn't be able to fully enjoy everything said by our various guests and so I decided to publish this episode separately as well.In this episode we are joined by channel favorite Geneticist Razib Khan to talk about what ancient DNA has to say about not just the ancient Olmecs but about ancient Mexico and its populations in general.We also explore current problems and issues that hinder studying the genetic history of Mexico and we address what we can do to help fix these issues within the genomic histories of the Americas.We discuss the first populations and their genetics in the ancient Americas and what this tells us about populations in ancient Mexico but more importantly we discuss Mexico and its genetics today and how studies show that Mexicans fall into three ancestral groups (1) Iberian Europeans, (2) West Africans and (3) Indigenous Americans.Lastly, we discuss what DNA has to say about the theory that the ancient Olmecs had African roots and how we have no genetic evidence for Africans in the Americas before 1492 CE.Support Mr. Khan and his awesome work below!Website: razib.substack.comRazib Khan: razib.com/bio/wordpressTwitter: twitter.com/razibkhan
Is removing Confederate monuments erasing history? Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-08-26 | Is removing Confederate statues erasing history? Are Confederate monuments actually history rather than propaganda? Is there common ground, should there be?Debates still rage today over the removal of racist statues and monuments around the world but here in the USA the arguments tend to be the loudest as politicians and political candidates rile up their voters with misinformation and violent protests and counter protests erupt in the streets.With polarization sweeping the nation, I have to ask myself... what is the controversy? Why have these monuments always been controversial? Why were they built in the first place and lastly... are they really history?To answer these questions I brought on Dr. Karen Cox whose superb pioneer work in this field is truly not only unmatchable but is truly vital in the battle raging within historiography today.Support our guest Dr. Karen Cox below!Get a copy of her book here - uncpress.org/book/9781469662671/no-common-groundTwitter: twitter.com/DrKarenLCoxWebsite: karencoxhistorian.comFootage Attribution:Protesters take down pieces of Portsmouth’s Confederate monument.youtube.com/watch?v=jnGWJdyz3EMActivists replace confederate statues.youtube.com/watch?v=P4A2jocO3uE&t=49sProtesters pull down Confederate statues on State Capitol grounds.youtube.com/watch?v=fAUokIlEgjA&t=14sNathan Bedford Forrest Body Being Removed from Health Sciences Park, Memphis. youtube.com/watch?v=6gZl0ybSuZk&t=40sRemoving Nathan Bedford Forrest bust.youtube.com/watch?v=X5RjFvStiq4&t=48sTorch lit march Charlottesville Virginia 2017youtube.com/watch?v=8KYifYzjKlc&t=1444sCharlottesville removes Confederate statues.youtube.com/watch?v=ypGqqbx3E-E&t=17sGroup urges removal of Confederate monumentsyoutube.com/watch?v=Z_edWQiJ-XY&t=7s
Can We Judge Historical Figures by Contemporary Standards? Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-08-19 | In this episode Spencer McDaniel from the Tales of Times Forgotten blog comes on to discuss whether or not we can judge historical figures by contemporary standards?There has been a lot of political controversy in recent years about the question of whether it is appropriate to judge historical figures by “contemporary standards.” This controversy often particularly flares up surrounding figures who are traditionally seen as “heroes” of United States history and yet actually committed horrific crimes, such Christopher Columbus, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson.I think that the issue is a lot more complicated than most people realize and I think that, in most cases, it is extremely misleading to frame the debate in terms of judging historical figures by “contemporary standards” because this implies that people during the period in question had no way of knowing that the things they were doing were wrong, when, in fact, we know there were people at the time who did know that these things were wrong.Taken from the original article Should We Judge Historical Figures by Contemporary Standards?We go on to discuss ancient figures such as Aristotle and his views on slavery, Augustus Caesar and his normal expression of cruelty and murder and so very much more.Can we claim they were just acting according to the "standards" of the time? Is that accurate if there were people who criticized them during their own time?Do we confuse history with memorialization? Should we revere historical figures who engaged in genocide and or slavery for example?To support our guest, check out these links below!Website : talesoftimesforgotten.comTwitter: twitter.com/SpenceMcDanielLink to original article titled "Should We Judge Historical Figures by Contemporary Standards?"talesoftimesforgotten.com/2019/11/29/should-we-judge-historical-figures-by-contemporary-standards/#more-4156To my dear subscribers, thank you all. You have my love and appreciation. Support our guest in the video description above. Like our channel? Support us by clicking the THANKS button under the video!Check out our store! History Merch: youtube.com/c/TheStudyofAntiquityandtheMiddleAges/storePatreon: patreon.com/make_history_matterGet your history magazines here: https://www.karwansaraypublishers.com?tap_a=88561-7cbe2d&tap_s=1562085-46f5e5*Disclaimer, the above link is an affiliate link which means we will earn a small commission from your magnificent purchase, just another way to help out the channel!Facebook Page:facebook.com/THESTUDYOFANTIQUITYANDTHEMIDDLEAGESTwitter: twitter.com/NickBarksdaleInstagram: instagram.com/study_of_antiquity_middle_agesFacebook Group: facebook.com/groups/164050034145170
Journal retracts claim that the Ancient Olmecs were Black Africans Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-08-16 | A journal has retracted a paper on the origins of a group of Indigenous Americans after readers said the basis of the paper was long discredited.The paper, “Early pioneers of the americas: the role of the Olmecs in urban education and social studies curriculum,” was written by scholars at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, including corresponding author Greg Wiggan, and researchers at Towson State University, and published on June 25, 2020, in the Urban Review. In a July 23 post on Medium, Kurly Tlapoyawa and Ruben A. Arellano “ask that the The Urban Review journal retract the article by Wiggan et al and discontinue its promotion of ‘Black Olmecs:’”In their article, Wiggan et al peddle the long discredited notion that the Olmec were not indigenous Americans, but rather that they were black Africans who traversed the Atlantic Ocean millennia before Christopher Columbus. There are variations on the hypothesis, but the general idea is that Africans established (or helped establish) one of the oldest major civilizations in the Americas, the Olmec, which scholars credit as being a major inspiration for the Mesoamerican Indigenous cultures that followed. What we find surprising is that a publication that purports to be educational would publish an article that advocates the introduction of “Black Olmec” curriculum in schools.Tlapoyawa and Arellano explain:Proponents of this myth base their conclusions on superficial interpretations of the famous Olmec heads of Veracruz. These statues, they claim, bear physiognomic resemblance to Africans solely based on their broad noses and thick lips. The fact that the statues also resemble Mexico’s Indigenous people (along with the fact that broad noses and thick lips are not solely black African characteristics) is simply ignored. If these assertions were being made in the reverse by white authors about black African culture, those people would rightfully be castigated for their racist interpretations. Somehow, when it comes to Native Americans, especially if they are ancient and mysterious enough, it is okay to make outlandish claims. The long running pseudohistorical television program about ancient aliens and ancient peoples is in this same vein.Now, the journal has retracted the paper:The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article (Wiggan et al 2020) following concerns raised by readers. After post-publication peer-review, it was found that the theory that Olmecs were Black Africans on which the lesson plan is based is not substantiated according to current Mesoamerican archaeology and genetic evidence. The authors have been offered to submit a revised manuscript updated with information based on current knowledge for further peer review. Author Greg Wiggan stated on behalf of all co-authors that they do not agree to this retraction.Wiggan has not responded to a request for comment from Retraction Watch.Link to original Article titled " Journal retracts paper claiming that group of Indigenous Americans were Black Africans." retractionwatch.com/2020/10/12/journal-retracts-paper-claiming-that-group-of-indigenous-americans-were-black-africansSupport Dr. Ivan Oransky below.Retraction Watch: retractionwatch.comTwitter: twitter.com/ivanoranskyFaculty Profile: https://journalism.nyu.edu/about-us/profile/ivan-oransky-md/
African Origins of Olmec Civilization - Debunked Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-08-14 | In this episode we are joined by the Ancient Americas YouTube Channel, Geneticist Razib Khan and Dr. Ivan Oransky to tackle this controversial subject.In various videos, books, online forums and etc, we have seen a popular theory that the Olmecs were black or that Olmec Civilization has African roots... but is that true? Or is this merely a vicious appropriation of the history and accomplishments of Indigenous American Peoples and Cultures.We begin with Pete from the Ancient Americas YouTube channel who explains how this theory came about and how fringe historians such as Dr. Ivan Van Sertima were able to push this almost into the mainstream so to speak and how academia choosing to ignore these theories rather than debating and crushing them have caused long term issues and especially among under educated audiences.He notes the various problems with this theory and tackles more than just the "African" features in Olmec art but goes even further by destroying attempts to link Mesoamerican pyramids, writing systems, crops and mummification to African origins.Lastly he points out how this abuse of history affects the indigenous peoples of the Americas and what we should do as we continue on in the future.Next geneticist Razib Khan comes on the show to thoroughly debunk the African origins of the Olmecs by touching on ancient DNA and what it has told us about the populations of ancient and pre modern Mexico and how there is no DNA showing an African presence before the arrival of Europeans.Lastly, we are joined by Dr. Ivan Oransky who runs a website that monitors journal publications and their retractions and we explore why a history journal retracted a paper that claimed the Olmecs were black Africans and the controversy surrounding this outdated narrative and debunked theory. Support Pete and the Ancient Americas YouTube Channel Below!YouTube Channel: youtube.com/channel/UCEqNbbsx0i7fhwRt0saYIcQFacebook: facebook.com/AncientAmericas Patreon: patreon.com/ancientamericasSupport Mr. Khan and his awesome work below!Website: razib.substack.comRazib Khan: razib.com/bio/wordpressTwitter: twitter.com/razibkhanSupport Dr. Ivan Oransky below.Retraction Watch: retractionwatch.comTwitter: twitter.com/ivanoranskyFaculty Profile: https://journalism.nyu.edu/about-us/profile/ivan-oransky-md/
Stoicism and How to think like a Roman Emperor with Anya Leonard and Donald Roberston Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-08-13 | In this episode I host Anya Leonard who is one of the founders of Classical Wisdom which is an online platform that specializes in educating the public involving ancient history, art, philosophy, culture and so much more.We talk about why she started the organization, how far they have come and what do they have planned for us in the future.She excitedly tells us about an upcoming symposium that we can all attend with an awesome list of scholars titled End of Empires and Fall of Nations.Get your ticket to the upcoming symposium here: https://classicalwisdom-symposium-2021.eventbrite.ieLastly we approach the benefits of becoming a member of classical wisdom from free eBooks to webinars and beyond. To appease our awesome fanbase here at SAMA, Anya Leonard kindly and graciously allowed us to use segments from a talk by Donald Robertson on Stoicism and How to think like a Roman Emperor and I hope that you all enjoy this. Support Classical Wisdom below!classicalwisdom.comfacebook.com/ClassicalWisdomWeeklyinstagram.com/classicalwisdomweeklytwitter.com/ClassicalWisdomar.pinterest.com/classicalwisdom The podcast Classical Wisdom Speaks in available on all major platforms – and you can see the Youtube channel here: youtube.com/c/classicalwisdom
Eridu Genesis | The Sumerian Epic of Creation Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages 2021-08-10 | The Sumerian Flood Story (also known as the Eridu Genesis, Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Deluge Myth) is the oldest Mesopotamian text relating the tale of the Great Flood which would appear in later works such as the Atrahasis (17th century BCE) and The Epic of Gilgamesh (c. 2150-1400 BCE).The tale is also – most famously – told as the story of Noah and his ark from the biblical Book of Genesis (earliest possible date c. 1450 BCE, latest, c. 800-600 BCE). The story is dated to c. 2300 BCE in its written form but is thought to be much older, preserved by oral tradition until committed to writing.The extant work is badly damaged, with a number of significant lines missing, but can still be read and easily understood as an early Great Flood story. Scholars who have studied the text generally rely on the later Akkadian/Babylonian Atrahasis – which tells the same tale – to fill in the blanks of missing text from the broken tablet. The story most likely influenced the Egyptian “flood story” known as The Book of the Heavenly Cow (dated, in part, to the First Intermediate Period of Egypt, 2181-2040 BCE) but certainly was the inspiration for the later Mesopotamian works as well as the biblical narrative of Noah.The story was first discovered in 1893, during the period of widespread expeditions and excavations throughout Mesopotamia funded by western institutions. The good man in this version of the tale, chosen to survive the flood and preserve life on earth, is the Priest-King Ziudsura of the city of Suruppak (whose name means “life of long days”). This same figure appears as Atrahasis (“exceedingly wise”) in the later work that bears his name, as Utnapishtim (“he found life”) in The Epic of Gilgamesh, and as Noah (“rest” or “peace”) in the Book of Genesis.Link to original article titled "Eridu Genesis."worldhistory.org/Eridu_GenesisWebsite : https://www.ancient.eu/YouTube Channel : youtube.com/c/AncientEUTwitter : twitter.com/ahencyclopediaInstagram : instagram.com/ahencyclopediaFacebook : facebook.com/ahencyclopediaCheck out our store! History Merch: youtube.com/c/TheStudyofAntiquityandtheMiddleAges/storeGet your history magazines here: https://www.karwansaraypublishers.com?tap_a=88561-7cbe2d&tap_s=1562085-46f5e5Enjoy history merchandise? Check out affiliate link to SPQR Emporium!http://spqr-emporium.com?aff=3Facebook Page:facebook.com/THESTUDYOFANTIQUITYANDTHEMIDDLEAGESTwitter: twitter.com/NickBarksdaleInstagram: instagram.com/study_of_antiquity_middle_agesFacebook Group: facebook.com/groups/164050034145170
