New Economic Thinking
Warren Mosler: What Modern Monetary Theory Tells Us About Economic Policy
updated
Professor Geert Dhondt (John Jay College of Criminal Justice) discusses the intricate landscape of crime, incarceration, and how the prison system has reinforced class divides throughout American history. Drawing comparisons with international standards and historical context, Dhondt's comprehensive examination unpacks startling statistics—shedding light on the vast racial disparities, and the ways in which neoliberal capitalism has shaped America's prison institutions.
Join Goncalo Fonseca, the mastermind behind the "HET Website", as he delves into the oft-overlooked importance of studying economics from a historical lens. As modern teaching gravitates towards linear models, Fonseca emphasizes the value of understanding the dynamic and complex journey of economic theories and principles over time. He stresses the significance of breadth over depth, urging a return to holistic thinking and productive debate.
A rich and open world of economics awaits:
hetwebsite.net
Professor Durlauf takes on the penultimate question of all policymakers: “What is to be done?” He closely examines the outcomes of the following four proposed actions to illustrate why policies matter in understanding and shaping mobility:
-The Earned Income Tax Credit
-Early childhood investment
-Criminal Justice Reform
-Associational Redistribution
Professor Durlauf presents the difficulty of assessing and determining the effectiveness of policies that target mobility, which is, public policies have been extremely impactful in increasing mobility, but there is still much work to do. In particular, he ends the series with a powerful defense of Affirmative Action as a successful Associational Redistribution policy that directly, and positively impacted mobility. Thus, providing an empirical defense that goes against the latest decision by the Supreme Court.
Learn more at http://economicsofchildhood.org
In this fifth episode of #EconomicsOfChildhood, Professor Durlauf defines his preferred theory when thinking about mobility. The Memberships Theory of Inequality is the idea that an individuals’ beliefs, preferences, and opportunities are conditioned by their membership to different social identities (ethnicity, gender, religion, etc.). Then, over time, memberships evolve in response to interactions with one another. Finally, what results is persistent inequality and poverty for individuals in some membership groups and not in others. In other words, economic segregation is the key determinant to persistent inequality, and economic inequality generates further segregation.
Overall, the three key takeaways from Durlauf’s Memberships Theory of Inequality are:
1) Social outcomes are determined by beliefs, preferences & opportunities
2) These factors provide the conditions of economic segregation
3) The interaction between one and two
Learn more at http://economicsofchildhood.org
Starting with the famous Heckman Curve, he shows the transition of thought when it comes to how economists think about the influence of parent's income on a child’s lifetime income. For this reason, he then discusses how family mechanisms impact a child's cognitive and non-cognitive skills, which is another key predictor for a person’s future income earnings. Finally, Durlauf addresses a deeply moral and ethical question that economists usually assume away, the concept of genetics. While everyone has their own, unique genetic background, any analysis that claims any group differences are explained by genetic differences with respect to income and wealth is both intellectually, and morally unserious.
The four final takeaways for you to think about when it comes to the influence of parents' income on a child’s lifetime income are: 1) Parental incomes matter; 2) Parental wealth matters; 3) Genetic components matter less; 4) Race is a determinant intergenerational status.
Learn more at http://economicsofchildhood.org
In this third episode of #EconomicsOfChildhood, Professor Durlauf explains the challenges faced in attempting to measure mobility and the equality of opportunity. While introducing the concepts of absolute and relative status within mobility statistics he explains the go-to measure of mobility: the intergenerational elasticity of income. Challenging the permanent income hypothesis, Durlauf shows how economics can come to different conclusions about income inequality depending on if the researcher uses a linear or non-linear model. To wrap up the episode, he talks about how researchers can use principles like Markov Chains, to get a better understanding of a person’s social position and life trajectory.
Learn more at http://economicsofchildhood.org
Find the book: penguinrandomhouse.com/books/712956/look-by-christian-madsbjerg
Learn more at http://economicsofchildhood.org
In this first lecture of #EconomicsOfChildhood Professor Durlauf introduces the economics of mobility and gives an overview of why economics studies the inequality of opportunity. Using the United States as the primary example in the series, he provides the historical and current evidence of how economics identifies the inequality of opportunity and income inequality in general. He reminds us of the two different lenses scholars can examine mobility, intergenerationally (comparing parents to their children) and intragenerationally (social movements throughout one’s lifeline). Overall, he advocates the important concept of “education as steppingstone” when thinking about mobility.
Learn more at http://economicsofchildhood.org
In this six-part series, Professor Steven Durlauf @UChicago @HarrisPublicPolicy leads us on a powerful analysis on the #EconomicsOfChildhood, with particular focus on the question of generational mobility.
Learn more at http://economicsofchildhood.org
Education matters.
Loan forgiveness matters.
Earned income tax credit matters.
Affirmative action matters mattered.
In this episode of INET Animates, Steven Durlauf (@HarrisPublicPolicy @UChicago) explores the societal structures that influence upward mobility and wealth inequality.
Produced by Matthew Kulvicki & Nick Alpha
Learn more about her work at ingridhk.com
Professor Jessica Gordon Nembhard (@JohnJayCollegeCUNY) explores the potential of cooperatives and solidarity economics as pathways towards economic democracy and justice. Drawing on historical examples from the civil rights movement and the Knights of Labor in the 1880s, Nembhard demonstrates how cooperative economics can counteract the exploitation inherent in capitalist systems. She underlines the importance of communal ownership and shared decision-making as mechanisms for wealth redistribution, arguing that such models can liberate communities from economic exploitation. In this alternative approach, power inequities are challenged, and economics becomes a system where everyone can participate and benefit, realizing possibilities through pooled resources and collective action.
Learn more about her work at https://www.jjay.cuny.edu/faculty/jessica-gordon-nembhard
Professor Matías Vernengo (@BucknellU) navigates the complex topic of inflation, discussing its implications on workers, and the economic policies that can potentially mitigate these effects. He explains the inflation of the 1970s and compares it to the more recent inflationary scenario provoked by global events. Vernengo evaluates the mainstream explanations - demand-pull and cost-push theories - and presents an alternative, heterodox explanation that views inflation as a result of distributive conflict and corporate power. While he acknowledges the role of corporations, he emphasizes that it's the effects of inflation, primarily on workers' real wages, that require addressing. He argues that the best policy would be to compensate workers for these effects. Vernengo's analysis covers not just the American context, but also examines inflation in peripheral economies like Argentina and Turkey, identifying a link to exchange rates. He also critiques the "one-size-fits-all" theory approach to understanding inflation, underscoring the need for a heterodox economics perspective that could offer more nuanced insights and potential solutions.
Learn more about his work at https://www.bucknell.edu/fac-staff/matias-vernengo
Herrmann is a Jungian psychoanalyst and author of the books, "William James and C. G. Jung" and of "William Everson: The Shaman’s Call", among others.
Learn more at stevenherrmann.com
Robinson Jeffers on Moral Beauty, the Interconnectedness of the Universe, and the Key to Peace of Mind by Maria Popova, as referenced in the discussion: themarginalian.org/2019/06/03/robinson-jeffers-sister-mary-james-power
In this interview Ricardo Reis (@theLondonSchoolofEconomics) challenges conventional thinking on debt sustainability and raises important considerations for the future. He explains that governments can sell debt at lower interest rates, which provides a "debt revenue" and allows them to borrow large amounts without dire consequences. However, he also highlights potential risks for future debt sustainability, such as high inflation. Reis explores the trade-offs in financial regulation and the impact on the demand for government bonds.
Find a copy of his latest book "A Crash Course on Crises: Macroeconomic Concepts for Run-Ups, Collapses, and Recoveries" at https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691221106/a-crash-course-on-crises
With alarming frequency, modern economies go through macro-financial crashes that arise from the financial sector and spread to the broader economy, inflicting deep and prolonged recessions. A Crash Course on Crises brings together the latest cutting-edge economic research to identify the seeds of these crashes, reveal their triggers and consequences, and explain what policymakers can do about them.
Each of the book’s ten self-contained chapters introduces readers to a key economic force and provides case studies that illustrate how that force was dominant. Markus Brunnermeier and Ricardo Reis show how the run-up phase of a crisis often occurs in ways that are preventable but that may go unnoticed and discuss how debt contracts, banks, and a search for safety can act as triggers and amplifiers that drive the economy to crash. Brunnermeier and Reis then explain how monetary, fiscal, and exchange-rate policies can respond to crises and prevent them from becoming persistent.
With case studies ranging from Chile in the 1970s to the COVID-19 pandemic, A Crash Course on Crises synthesizes a vast literature into ten simple, accessible ideas and illuminates these concepts using novel diagrams and a clear analytical framework.
Learn more about his work at lse.ac.uk/economics/people/faculty/ricardo-reis
[LEARN MORE]
Sandra Navidi is the Founder and CEO of Beyond Global (http://www.beyond-global.com), where she provides strategic advisory services. She is also the co-host of the n-tv business podcast "Biz & Beyond" and in her acclaimed Meet your Master class, she provides career advice. Ms. Navidi is a member of The Center on Capitalism and Society, Columbia University, which counts numerous Nobel laureates among its members, and one of LinkedIn’s official Executive Blue Badge Top Voices. She is a frequent expert media commentator on geo-economic issues and has been featured on CNN, CNBC, Fox Business, C-SPAN, Aljazeera, in the New York Times, Financial Times, The Guardian, Business Insider, Politico, Daily Beast, Vogue, Elle, Bazaar, Cosmopolitan and in numerous international documentaries. In addition, she is an experienced key-note speaker, presenting in English and German.
Her bestselling and influential work includes:
$uperHubs: How the Financial Elite and their Networks Rule Our World (2016)
Das Future-Proof Mindset (2021)
Future IQ: Your Success Strategies in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (2022)
Die DNA der USA: Wie tickt Amerika (2022)
For more information and translations of Sandra’s thrilling work, explore docs.google.com/document/d/1Xe56iPbEDw5rWPZIHDUYJEYRccO3MTXv4rAf7mTg9G0/edit?usp=sharing
Learn more: georgedemartino.com
ABOUT THE BOOK
A forceful critique of the social science that has ruled—and damaged—the modern world.
The practice of economics, as economists will tell you, is a powerful force for good. Economists are the guardians of the world’s economies and financial systems. The applications of economic theory can alleviate poverty, reduce disease, and promote sustainability.
While this narrative has been successfully propagated by economists, it belies a more challenging truth: economic interventions, including those economists deem successful, also cause harm. Sometimes the harm is manageable and short-lived. But just as often the harm is deep, enduring, and even irreparable. And too often the harm falls on those least able to survive it.
In The Tragic Science, George F. DeMartino says what economists have too long repressed: that economists do great harm even as they aspire to do good. Economist-induced harm, DeMartino shows, results in part from economists’ “irreparable ignorance”—from the fact that they know far less than they tend to believe they know—and from disciplinary training that treats the human tolls of economic policies and interventions as simply the costs of promoting social betterment. DeMartino details the complicated nature of economic harm, explores economists’ frequent failure to recognize it, and makes a sobering case for professional humility and for genuine respect for those who stand to be harmed by economists’ practice.
At a moment in history when the economics profession holds enormous power, DeMartino’s work demonstrates the downside of its influence and the responsibility facing those who practice the tragic science.
@universityofchicagopress958
Simon Johnson discusses #PowerAndProgress, a new book co-authored with Daron Acemoglu.
Find a copy & learn more: https://shapingwork.mit.edu/power-and-progress/
A thousand years of history and contemporary evidence make one thing clear. Progress depends on the choices we make about technology. New ways of organizing production and communication can either serve the narrow interests of an elite or become the foundation for widespread prosperity.
The wealth generated by technological improvements in agriculture during the European Middle Ages was captured by the nobility and used to build grand cathedrals while peasants remained on the edge of starvation. The first hundred years of industrialization in England delivered stagnant incomes for working people. And throughout the world today, digital technologies and artificial intelligence undermine jobs and democracy through excessive automation, massive data collection, and intrusive surveillance.
It doesn’t have to be this way. Power and Progress demonstrates that the path of technology was once—and may again be—brought under control. The tremendous computing advances of the last half century can become empowering and democratizing tools, but not if all major decisions remain in the hands of a few hubristic tech leaders.
With their breakthrough economic theory and manifesto for a better society, Acemoglu and Johnson provide the vision needed to reshape how we innovate and who really gains from technological advances.
@mit @MITSloanbiz @miteconomicsdepartment6806
Steven Durlauf (@UChicago) talks about his work and the need for an interdisciplinary approach to tackle these persistent social inequities.
Learn more at https://harris.uchicago.edu/directory/steven-durlauf
Learn more and find the book at plunderthebook.com
Watch our series New Economic Thinking and learn more at
youtube.com/neweconomicthinking
Learn more: https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/W/bo193189363.html
A sweeping intellectual history of the welfare state’s policy-in-waiting.
The idea of a government paying its citizens to keep them out of poverty—now known as basic income—is hardly new. Often dated as far back as ancient Rome, basic income’s modern conception truly emerged in the late nineteenth century. Yet as one of today’s most controversial proposals, it draws supporters from across the political spectrum.
In this eye-opening work, Anton Jäger and Daniel Zamora Vargas trace basic income from its rise in American and British policy debates following periods of economic tumult to its modern relationship with technopopulist figures in Silicon Valley. They chronicle how the idea first arose in the United States and Europe as a market-friendly alternative to the postwar welfare state and how interest in the policy has grown in the wake of the 2008 credit crisis and COVID-19 crash.
An incisive, comprehensive history, Welfare for Markets tells the story of how a fringe idea conceived in economics seminars went global, revealing the most significant shift in political culture since the end of the Cold War.
@universityofchicagopress958
Learn more: https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/W/bo193189363.html
A sweeping intellectual history of the welfare state’s policy-in-waiting.
The idea of a government paying its citizens to keep them out of poverty—now known as basic income—is hardly new. Often dated as far back as ancient Rome, basic income’s modern conception truly emerged in the late nineteenth century. Yet as one of today’s most controversial proposals, it draws supporters from across the political spectrum.
In this eye-opening work, Anton Jäger and Daniel Zamora Vargas trace basic income from its rise in American and British policy debates following periods of economic tumult to its modern relationship with technopopulist figures in Silicon Valley. They chronicle how the idea first arose in the United States and Europe as a market-friendly alternative to the postwar welfare state and how interest in the policy has grown in the wake of the 2008 credit crisis and COVID-19 crash.
An incisive, comprehensive history, Welfare for Markets tells the story of how a fringe idea conceived in economics seminars went global, revealing the most significant shift in political culture since the end of the Cold War.
@universityofchicagopress958
Learn more about her work
https://history.columbia.edu/person/farber-hannah/
Pick up a copy of "Underwriters of the United States"
uncpress.org/book/9781469663630/underwriters-of-the-united-states
Unassuming but formidable, American maritime insurers used their position at the pinnacle of global trade to shape the new nation. The international information they gathered and the capital they generated enabled them to play central roles in state building and economic development. During the Revolution, they helped the U.S. negotiate foreign loans, sell state debts, and establish a single national bank. Afterward, they increased their influence by lending money to the federal government and to its citizens. Even as federal and state governments began to encroach on their domain, maritime insurers adapted, preserving their autonomy and authority through extensive involvement in the formation of commercial law. Leveraging their claims to unmatched expertise, they operated free from government interference while simultaneously embedding themselves into the nation’s institutional fabric. By the early nineteenth century, insurers were no longer just risk assessors. They were nation builders and market makers.
Deeply and imaginatively researched, Underwriters of the United States uses marine insurers to reveal a startlingly original story of risk, money, and power in the founding era.
Find the book: harvard.com/book/the_big_myth
Caldwell serves as the general editor of the collected works of Hayek, is Director of the Center for the History of Political Economy and Research Professor of Economics at @dukeuniversity
His latest book, "Mont Pèlerin 1947" is available now: amazon.com/Mont-P%C3%A8lerin-1947-Transcripts-Founding/dp/0817924841
Learn more about Professor Caldwell: https://scholars.duke.edu/person/bruce.caldwell
ABOUT THE BOOK
Charles Kindleberger ranks as one of the twentieth century's best known and most influential international economists. This book traces the evolution of his thinking in the context of a 'key-currency' approach to the rise of the dollar system, here revealed as the indispensable framework for global economic development since World War II. Unlike most of his colleagues, Kindleberger was deeply interested in history, and his economics brimmed with real people and institutional details. His research at the New York Fed and BIS during the Great Depression, his wartime intelligence work, and his role in administering the Marshall Plan gave him deep insight into how the international financial system really operated. A biography of both the dollar and a man, this book is also the story of the development of ideas about how money works. It throws revealing light on the underlying economic forces and political obstacles shaping our globalized world.
-Provides a history of international finance as a set of evolving institutions and evolving theories about how the system works
-Provides a practitioner's eye view of central banking (1936–1942), war and reconstruction (1942–1948), contrasting with the more common top-down history
-Provides a key-currency account of the rise of the dollar system, contrasting with the more common myth of multilateralism at Bretton Woods
Learn more about his work, and his upcoming book at: https://www.sarahlawrence.edu/faculty/moudud-jamee-k..html
Axel Leijonhufvud was one of the most creative and perspicacious macroeconomists of the last century. He became famous early in his life for his contention that the Keynesian Economics being taught and understood at that time was a serious misinterpretation of Keynes's ideas. Instead of the emphasis on inflexible wages and prices as being central, Keynes, he argued, was focused on the failure of intertemporal coordination. Taking that challenge into consideration required a different way of looking at the economy and theorizing disequilibrium. As a committed supporter of the history of economic thought, he was singularly aware of the problems of taking a wrong path intellectually--a mistake that could lead to years of misguided work. And indeed, that wrong turn, away from the fertile ground of disequilibrium macroeconomics did occur, as the profession moved away from it to what he may have seen as an academic and theoretical dead end. His latter career was devoted to finding more meaningful and generative foundations for dealing with the deeper issues of macroeconomic and monetary stability. In the last decade of his life he was a founding member of the Institute for New Economic Thinking and a key part of its academic council.
In this animation, taken from his speech at the INET plenary in Berlin in 2012, he describes the process by which macroeconomic instability is generated. We invite you to see it and to explore the many other contributions of this true intellectual giant.
Read his papers and more in our archive of his work:
http://newth.ink/axel
Professor Leijonhufvud speaking at INET Berlin 2012:
youtube.com/watch?v=90zLGjQr6jo
Axel's "Masters Series" interview playlist:
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmtuEaMvhDZbnT7kpLB1ilBhhbWlenPOC
Produced by Matthew Kulvicki & Nick Alpha
Download the report here: oxfamamerica.org/explore/research-publications/survival-of-the-richest
Learn more at: melaniexue.net
Learn more about the book: penguinrandomhouse.com/books/554951/the-crisis-of-democratic-capitalism-by-martin-wolf
Gary Mongiovi (@StJohnsU) scrutinizes the conflicting messages of our foundational economic/political thinkers, suggesting a little honest perspective could go a long way in terms of getting society back on track.
Learn more about Professor Mongiovi and his courses at:
https://www.stjohns.edu/academics/faculty/gary-v-mongiovi-phd
Explore his prominent research and works by reading:
Pierangelo Garegnani, the Classical Surplus Approach and Demand-led Growth: Introduction to the Symposium
tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09538259.2015.1026092
Was Keynes a Socialist
catalyst-journal.com/2020/03/was-keynes-a-socialist
Poking a Hornets’ Nest: The Debate on Democracy in Chains
emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0743-4154
Vulgar economy in Marxian garb: a critique of Temporal Single System Marxism
journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/048661340203400401?journalCode=rrpa
Julia Ott (Robert L. Heilbroner Center for Capitalism Studies @thenewschool) pulls back the curtain and shares a preview of her upcoming book "Wealth Over Work: The Origins of Venture Capital, The Return of Inequality, and the Decline of Innovation"
Learn more about her work at https://www.newschool.edu/nssr/faculty/Julia-Ott/
Learn more: ineteconomics.org/research-books/money-and-empire
Ajit Zacharias (@levyeconomicsinstitute) discusses his work to improve our understanding of gender in economics, and how we can improve social structures to support all people.
Learn more at levyinstitute.org/scholars/ajit-zacharias
Branko Milanovic & Arjun Jayadev are helping pull back the curtain with our series #Inequality101.
Learn more at http://newth.ink/inequality
Inequality, in many ways, may be the biggest question of our times. And yet it is a topic that is still underexplored in conventional economics curricula. In this five-part lecture series, economists Arjun Jayadev (@AzimPremjiUniversity) and Branko Milanovic (@GradCenterCUNY) break down what inequality is, how we measure it, why it exists, and how to address it.
Learn more at ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/james-crotty-and-the-responsibilities-of-the-heterodox
Till van Treeck (@unidue & @thenewschool) shares his insightful research on how Conspicuous Consumption, Working Hours, and Veblen Effects impacts income inequality in Advanced Economies.
Explore his role at the University of Duisberg-Essen
https://imprs.mpifg.de/48961/till-van-treeck
Popular Publication: Varieties of Capitalism and growth regimes: the role of income distribution
academic.oup.com/ser/article/20/3/1249/6439212
INET Blog Post on the Rate Race and Age of Leisure
ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/getting-out-of-the-rat-race-is-an-age-of-leisure-and-abundance-possible
Check out his newest publication “Varieties of the rat race: Working hours in the age of abundance”
academic.oup.com/ser/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ser/mwac067/6972832?utm_source=advanceaccess&utm_campaign=ser&utm_medium=email
In 2016 James Crotty (Professor Emeritus, Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst) sat down with INET for a wide ranging conversation about his life and experiences becoming a professional economist.
Learn more at ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/james-crotty-and-the-responsibilities-of-the-heterodox
Learn more at https://www.newschool.edu/nssr/faculty/William-Milberg/
Filmed introductory economics course lectures and interviews with mainstream economists reveal the enormous rift between the economics textbook models and the filmmaker’s and other critics’ understandings of economic reality.
Learn more at: my-mis-education-in-3-graphics.org
The first part explores how mainstream economics represents markets, the next is a presentation of their mind boggling model of the firm, and the final section on macroeconomics points at some of the major issues hidden by the models: financial debt and the destruction of the natural world.
Learn more at my-mis-education-in-3-graphics.org
Learn more at moritzschularick.com
In the series finale, Prof. Pistor reminds us that the legal system is a social resource, but it has been harnessed by private actors to create and accumulate immense private wealth. This has not only produced economic inequality today, but also inequality before the law. Private actors can opt out of jurisdictions, restrict the policy space of governments, and erode democracy.
Learn more at http://lawsofcapitalism.org
Prof. Pistor explains how the domestic law of two hegemons - the United Kingdom and the United States - have become the default legal systems used internationally. Globalization has been made possible by using these two dominant jurisdictions to code a global system for trans-national commerce, finance and corporations. But individual countries may have ceded too much as a result. Pistor uses the example of bilateral investment treaties to explore the tension between democratic sovereignty and globalization. Desirable domestic regulations and protections sought by the democratic process can be hampered by the threat of expensive lawsuits from foreign investors. The freedom of capital movement across borders brings along an alien legal jurisdiction, imposing restrictions on local governments, elevating the private rights of capital above the public interest, and eroding democracy.
Learn more at http://lawsofcapitalism.org
Prof. Pistor explains how Private Attorneys are the masters of the code. Despite the fact that the State and juridical precedent establishes the law, it is private attorneys who find the flaws, loopholes, or inaccuracies in the legal code. She goes through the history of private lawyers in Prussia, France, and their emergence in the American legal system. We find the importance of private lawyers in shaping and molding the legal code over time. She ends the episode by reflecting on the vast amounts of wealth private law firms, and lawyers accumulate today. With a specific reference to the delicate relationship between the UK’s Magic Circle of Firms and Russian Oligarchs.
Learn more at http://lawsofcapitalism.org