Uploaded December 2025 | Updated September 2026, 3 days ago
How does the poetry of Sappho affect our understanding of Achilles? A discussion of Ares and Aphrodite as a model for a bride and a groom; Ares and Apollo as divine antagonists of Patroklos/Achilles; the complexity of Achilles. Charioteers, chariot-drivers, and therapōn as a second-millennium BCE loan from Hittite; the necessity of a mental connection between the rider and the driver; charioteers taking a hit for chariot-riders; the sacrifice of a ritual substitute; the motif of twins riding a chariot; Krishna the charioteer instructing Arjuna.
Recorded in Spring 2020 during v13 of the MOOC The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours, focusing on Hours 5 and 6, and responses to the Discussion Questions.
With Gregory Nagy, Keith DeStone, and members of the HeroesX Team.
How does the poetry of Sappho affect our understanding of Achilles? A discussion of Ares and Aphrodite as a model for a bride and a groom; Ares and Apollo as divine antagonists of Patroklos/Achilles; the complexity of Achilles. Charioteers, chariot-drivers, and therapōn as a second-millennium BCE loan from Hittite; the necessity of a mental connection between the rider and the driver; charioteers taking a hit for chariot-riders; the sacrifice of a ritual substitute; the motif of twins riding a chariot; Krishna the charioteer instructing Arjuna.
Recorded in Spring 2020 during v13 of the MOOC The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours, focusing on Hours 5 and 6, and responses to the Discussion Questions.
With Gregory Nagy, Keith DeStone, and members of the HeroesX Team.

![HeroesX v06 Office Hours 07 | Justice, Palm Trees, and the Transition to Prose
Discussion topics include responses to comments and questions from the community about the relationships between: Poetry and prose; Homeric and Hesiodic traditions; Justice and vegetal images
In particular Gregory Nagy and Keith Stone discuss an Attic red-figure column-krater (c. 450 BCE) that features (from left to right) Artemis holding an oinochoe; Apollo holding a laurel branch and a phiale, about to pour a libation on the altar left; the personification of the Delos island on which the scene takes place (see the palm-tree).
Recorded in Fall 2016 during v6 of of the MOOC, The Ancient Greek Hero in 24 Hours, focusing on Hour 12.
With Gregory Nagy, Keith Stone
Image credit: Attic red-figure column-krater, c. 450 BCE, National Archaeological Museum of Spain.
Photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen (User:Jastrow), 2008-05-02 [CC BY 2.5 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5)], via Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apollo_Artemis_Delos_MAN.jpgpollo, Artemis, and a palm tree. HeroesX v06 Office Hours 07 | Justice, Palm Trees, and the Transition to Prose](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/F0mqR2r_mbw/mqdefault.jpg)








