Mole Fraction Introduction Tyler DeWitt 2024-03-14 | This video is an introduction to mole fraction. Mole fraction is one of the ways that we can describe or measure the concentration of different components in a mixture. It is calculated by dividing the moles of the component of interest by the total number of moles in the mixture. This video is for students in both high school and college/university. It will also be helpful to people who are preparing for the following curricula and exams: AP, SAT, IB, A-levels, O-levels, IGCSE, ICSE, CBSE, MCAT, DAT, OAT, JEE, NEET
Molarity: A Deeper Understanding Tyler DeWitt 2024-03-13 | Most students can work through the math formula for molarity (M), but they don't really understand what they're doing, or why they're doing. In many cases, students can't really explain what molarity is or what it means. Molarity is defined as moles per liter, and this information is very helpful actually understanding how to rearrange the equation, and solve problems in a way that makes sense. In this video, we talk through a conceptual understanding of molarity, and look at how to think through problems with reasoning, instead of just plugging numbers into an equation. This video will be useful for students taking chemistry in high school or university, and will also be very helpful for people for some of the following curricula and exams: A-levels, O-levels, IGCSE, IB, SAT, AP, CBSE, ICSE, NEET, JEE, MCAT, DAT, OAT
Mole Fraction Practice Problems Tyler DeWitt 2024-03-11 | Here, we work through two practice problems involving mole fraction. Mole fraction is calculation that is used to determine the concentration of components in a mixture. The number of moles of a certain component is divided by the total number of moles in the mixture. When the numbers are not given in moles, you first have to convert from gams to moles by using the molar mass. This video will be helpful to people taking chemistry classes in both high school and college/university, and also preparing for exams like the AP, A-levels, SAT, O-levels, MCAT, DAT, OAT, IGCSE, ICSE, CBSE, JEE, NEET, and IB.
TEAS 7 Chemistry: Electrons and Ions Tyler DeWitt 2024-01-05 | TEAS Chemistry in One Day Full Course: teasinoneday.comThis video for the TEAS Chemistry section covers electrons and ions. We look at how the positive charges of protons and the negative charges of electrons can cancel each other out, creating a net charge for an atom. We learn how to determine the number of protons and electrons in ions with different net charges, and what creates an atom with a zero net charge. The TEAS exam very commonly asks questions about electrons and ions, and we do a lot of TEAS practice problems to get comfortable with these concepts.
TEAS 7 Chemistry: Protons and Atomic Number Tyler DeWitt 2023-11-07 | For my full course on the Chemistry section for the ATI TEAS 7: teasinoneday.com/welcomeThis video is specifically for people who are preparing the ATI TEAS 7 exam. We cover all of the Chemistry that you'll need to know for the TEAS exam. Here, we talk about protons and atomic number, which are two very important things for understanding atoms. The number of protons or the atomic number determines the identity of the element. We'll also take a quick look at the periodic table, to understand how to find atomic number, and to see how that is different from atomic mass. At the end of the video, we'll do a few TEAS-style practice problems to get a sense of strategies and tips for the TEAS.
AP Chemistry: How to Work Smarter, Not Harder Tyler DeWitt 2023-11-02 | For free AP® Chemistry resources: http://www.tdwscience.com/apchemAP Chemistry can be very challenging, but students often take the wrong approach. They take a brute force approach, give up hours of sleep, and practically cry blood. Instead, the AP Chemistry exam rewards students who take an approach that is "smarter, not harder." Students tend to do best on the AP Chemistry exam when the work to understand the concepts instead of just memorizing and when they can see the big picture. This allows them to see shortcuts and other, easier ways to solve problems. It also allows them to be clever. Here, we'll look at some examples of what it looks like to be approach an AP Chemistry problem by working "smarter, not harder."AP Chemistry® is a trademark owned by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this video.Copyright 2023, Bascom Science Incorporated, All Rights Reserved
TEAS 7 Chemistry: Introduction to Atoms Tyler DeWitt 2023-10-28 | Check out the full TEAS Chemistry course and resources at: http://www.teasinoneday.com/welcomeThis is a video about atoms and atomic structure that is specifically for people who are taking the TEAS exam. We cover all of the relevant information that is most important for the TEAS 7 Chemistry section, such as atoms, elements, and subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons) along with their mass and charge. We discuss the structure of the atom (the nucleus in the middle and the electrons around the outside), as well as energy levels and shells and valence levels and valence electrons. Finally, we discuss orbitals, electron clouds, and spdf, and why they're not very important for the TEAS. There are a number of TEAS 7 Chemistry practice problems throughout the video.
Introduction to the AP Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Tyler DeWitt 2023-09-12 | Students often say that the multiple choice questions (MCQ's) are the hardest part of the AP Chemistry test. And they really are tricky. The MCQ's are different from the sort of multiple choice questions that show up on most other types of exams, and they test multiple concepts at the same time. They also require some math skills and puzzle solving. Here, we work through a bunch of AP Chemistry-style multiple choice questions (MCQ's). We'll look at why they can seem so hard, and we'll look at strategies and tips for how to attack them. Usually, students see unfamiliar material, and they think that means they can't get the correct answer. Here, we'll see how you can change your mindset so that you focus on figuring out the questions, instead of simply saying, "My teacher didn't teach me this, so I can't answer it."Download Resources: http://www.tdwscience.com/apchem00:00 Introduction, Tips, and Strategies02:54 Ionic Compounds and Formula Writing06:33 Gases, STP, and Moles10:42 Particle Diagrams: Physical Changes15:34 Electron Configuration and Ionization Energy23:58 Molarity and Dissociation26:09 Mass Spectra and Atomic Mass31:04 Stoichiometry and Reaction Diagrams36:21 Titration Laboratory Experiment42:55 Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures48:18 Thermochemistry and Specific Heat
Ionization Energy and the Photoelectric Effect (AP Chemistry) Tyler DeWitt 2023-07-19 | This is an AP Chemistry multiple choice question (MCQ) focusing on ionization energy and the photoelectric effect. During the photoelectron effect, a photo hits an atom and ejects an electron. Based on the kinetic energy of the electron, it possible to determine characteristics about the electron's location. The question also asks about electron orbitals, shielding, kinetic energy, ionization energy, and electric configuration.This multiple choice question (MCQ) is specifically designed to help students with the AP® Chemistry exam, but it would also be helpful for exams and curricula such as A-levels, Regents, IGCSE, JEE, NEET, CBSE, MCAT, DAT, SAT, GRE, and OAT.For more AP® Chemistry resources, check out: http://tdwscience.com/apchemLegal note: AP® Chemistry is a trademark owned by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this video or any associated content.
Acid Conjugate Base Multiple Choice Question (AP Chemistry) Tyler DeWitt 2023-07-12 | Acids and conjugate bases classify compounds based on whether they accept or donor protons (H+ ions). Acids donate or give up a proton or H+ ion, and bases accept a proton of H+ ion. This classification is known as the Bronsted Lowry theory of acids and bases. Compounds can be classified as acids and conjugate bases, as well as bases and conjugate acids. Often, we need to identify the acid/conjugate base pairs, or the base/conjugate acid pairs. The important thing to keep in mind is that a conjugate pair differs by just one proton or H+ ion. That is a very good way to distinguish pairs.This multiple choice question (MCQ) is specifically designed to help students with the AP® Chemistry exam, but it would also be helpful for exams and curricula such as A-levels, Regents, IGCSE, JEE, NEET, CBSE, MCAT, DAT, SAT, GRE, and OAT.For more AP® Chemistry resources, check out: http://tdwscience.com/apchemLegal note: AP® Chemistry is a trademark owned by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this video or any associated content.
Delta G, Delta H, and Delta S Problem (AP Chemistry) Tyler DeWitt 2023-07-10 | Delta G (Gibbs Free Energy), Delta H (Enthalpy), and Delta S (Entropy) define whether a reaction will be thermodynamically favorable or thermodynamically unfavorable. These terms are often also referred to as "spontaneous" or "non-spontaneous." This is a multiple choice question (MCQ) that is specifically designed to prepare for the AP Chemistry test, but may also be relevant for other exams and curricula such as A-levels, IGCSE, JEE, NEET, MCAT, DAT, OAT, GRE and SAT.
Entropy and Reactions Problem (AP Chemistry) Tyler DeWitt 2023-06-22 | This is an AP Chemistry-style multiple choice question (MCQ) focusing on entropy (delta S) and reactions. We have to determine which reaction illustrates the least increase in entropy. Entropy measures the amount of disorder in a system. In order to figure this problem out, we need to keep two essential entropy trends in mind: entropy increases as we transition from solid to liquid to gas. Entropy also increases when we create more moles of gas. This problem is particularly applicable to AP Chemistry, but it also is relevant for other exams and curricula, such as MCAT, OAT, DAT, SAT, A-Levels, IGCSE, CBSE, JEE, and NEET.
Dilutions and Lab Procedure (AP Chemistry) Tyler DeWitt 2023-06-20 | This AP Chemistry multiple choice question (MCQ) video focuses on dilutions and lab procedure. These are common topics on the AP Chemistry exam. First, you need to dilute a stock solution to produce a working solution. This requires using the dilution equation, M1V1 = M2V2. There are common mistakes that students often make, and the answer choices are designed to try to trick and trap you. Then, you need to be able to use proper laboratory procedure. Equipment like graduated cylinders, pipettes, and flasks, need to be used in the correct order. This question is particularly designed for the AP Chemistry exam, but may also be relevant for the CBSE, MCAT, DAT, OAT, SAT, A-Levels, or IGCSE exams.
Kinetics and Reaction Rates (AP Chemistry) Tyler DeWitt 2023-06-16 | Here, we work through an AP Chemistry multiple choice question (MCQ) that focuses on kinetics and reaction rates. Specifically, we look at the method of initial rates, where we look at how the initial concentration of a reactant changes, and see what effect that has on the rate of the reaction. There are a number of different ways to solve a problem like this: we will look at a logic-based approach and then some more mathematical methods. Most importantly, we have to determine whether the reaction is zero order, first order, or second order with respect to the various reactants. This allows us to write a rate law equation. This problem is specifically written for the AP Chemistry test, but it also may be useful for other tests and curriculum such as MCAT, OAT, DAT, SAT, IGCSE, A-Levels, IB, CBSE, JEE, and NEET.
Solubility Curves and Practice Problems Tyler DeWitt 2023-06-12 | Here, we look at solubility curves. We see what they mean, how to read them, and how to answer questions using them. We begin with an overview of solutes, solvents, solutions, and solubility, and then look at general trends for solubility and temperature. Then, we look at the process for reading a solubility curve to determine solubilities and different temperatures, and vice versa. Then, we look at unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions, and how to determine these different types of solutions using the graph of solubility curves. Finally, we do some calculations involving conversion factors where we have to determine the amount of solute that can dissolve in more or less than 100 grams of water.
Electroplating Calculations (AP Chemistry) Tyler DeWitt 2023-06-07 | This electrochemistry AP Chemistry multiple choice question (MCQ) uses dimensional analysis or conversion factors to determine the amount of time required to electroplate a certain amount of metal. Solving this requires understanding Faraday's constant and amperes, as well as knowing how to convert from grams to moles and how to determine the number of electrons in an oxidation reduction (or redox) reaction. Faraday's constant allows us to convert from moles of electrons to coulombs, and the definition of ampere allows us to convert from coulombs to seconds. This video is particularly to help with the AP Chemistry exam, but it is also useful for other exams and curricula such as the MCAT, DAT, OAT, GRE, SAT, IGCSE, A-levels, JEE, NEET, and CBSE.
Intermolecular Forces and Boiling Point (AP Chemistry) Tyler DeWitt 2023-06-02 | In this video, we look at an AP Chemistry multiple choice question (MCQ). We find a compound that has a boiling point similar to Argon. Boiling points are influenced by intermolecular forces or IMF's, so we need to figure out which of the answer choices has similar IMF's to Argon. Some of the key types of IMF's are hydrogen bonds, dipole--dipole attractions, and London dispersion forces. London dispersion forces are caused by the random movement of electrons. This video is particularly relevant for AP Chemistry. It is also use for IB Chemistry, CBSE, NCERT, JEE, NEET, A-level, IGCSE, and preparation for MCAT, SAT, DAT, and OAT tests.
States of Matter (Phases of Matter): Solids, Liquids, and Gases Tyler DeWitt 2023-05-09 | Here we'll talk about states of matter, also known as "phases of matter." They are solid, liquid, and gas. We won't be talking about exotic phases of matter like plasma. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. It's "stuff." We'll examine the unique characteristics of each phase or state of matter, and look at the particles that make them up. We'll look to see whether they have a definite or indefinite shape and volume. We'll also look at whether they are compressible or not. At the particle level, we'll examine the layout of the particles, and how they move.
Calculating Molarity (Silent Movie Style) Tyler DeWitt 2022-07-05 | This video shows how to calculate molarity, using the fun, silly, entertaining style of an old Wild West silent film. Molarity is a measure of concentration that uses moles and liters.
Radioactive Decay Calculations Practice Problem Tyler DeWitt 2022-06-30 | Here, we'll work through a calculation involving radioactive decay. This type of problem involves variables including nuclear or radioactive half-life, decay constant (k), time elapsed (t), as well as natural log (ln) functions, and the number e. Questions of this type are commonly found involving unstable isotopes and radioactive dating. In this particularly problem, we are given a starting amount (in grams) of Radon-222, and we must determine how many grams will remain after a specific length of time.
AP® Chemistry: Bonding, Hybridization, Intermolecular Forces, Enthalpy Tyler DeWitt 2022-04-30 | tdwscience.com/apchemThis video covers is an example for a long format free response question for the AP® Chemistry exam. It covers a variety of topics that include: Lewis Structures, Hybridization, Bond Angles, Intermolecular Forces, Hydrogen Bonding, Dipole-Dipole Interactions or Attractions, Boiling Point, Melting Point, Enthalpy of Formation Calculations, and Stoichiometry. The Lewis Structures include alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and aldehydes. We discuss hybridization for molecules with sp, sp2, and sp3 states. Bond angles are for VSEPR geometries of linear (180º), trigonal planar (120º), and tetrahedral (109.5º). For the stoichometry calculations, we calculate the enthalpy of combustion and enthalpy of reaction, by summing the standard enthalpies of the products and reactants, using a table of enthalpy values.
AP® Chemistry Kinetics Questions Free Response Tyler DeWitt 2022-04-30 | tdwscience.com/apchemThis video covers a variety of kinetics problems that are similar to those that would be on a free response section of the AP Chemistry exam. The topics include: reaction rate, reaction kinetics, order of reaction, and order of reactants. We discuss how to read reaction graphs and determine whether a reaction is zero order, first order, or second order. We see how to write rate laws and determine rate constants from initial rates and experimental data. We also discuss reaction mechanisms, with slow and fast steps, and rate-determining and rate-limiting steps. Finally, we look at potential energy graphs for delta G, delta H, Gibbs free energy and Enthalpy. This can determine whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic, exergonic or endogenic. Finally, activation energy peaks for the individual steps of a reaction correlate to the speed or rate of different steps of the reaction.
AP® Chemistry Weak Acid Equilibrium Questions Tyler DeWitt 2022-04-19 | Here, we’ll look at some common weak acid equilibrium problems. For more resources, check out tdwscience.com/apchemEquilibrium questions are some of the most common problems to show up in the free response section of the AP Chemistry text. These weak acid equilibrium problems involve calculating the Ka or acid dissociation constant, and then completing an ICE table, to determine the initial, change, and equilibrium concentrations of the acid and the conjugate base. We then use the Henderson Hasselbalch equation to solve for the concentration of buffer components. This is a calculation that involves the pH as well as the pKa. This buffer solution was made by mixing a weak acid (formic acid) with the sodium salt of its conjugate base.AP Chemistry® is a trademark owned by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this video.
AP® Chemistry Multiple Choice Practice Problems Tyler DeWitt 2022-04-14 | These practice problems for AP® Chemistry will help you study for the test, and get a five! http://www.tdwscience.com/apchem These multiple choice problems are written to be as close as possible to the real AP® Exam. They cover all of the usual topics: stoichiometry, gas laws, kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, thermodynamics, thermochemistry, electrochemistry, le chatter's principle, Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy. For each problem, we talk about the tips and tricks to solve it. We also work through strategies to outsmart the test, and see how to tackle concepts more quickly and efficiently. I hope this helps you ace the test and get a five!Legal note: AP® Chemistry is a trademark owned by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this video or any associated content.00:00 Introduction1:05 Question 13:46 Question 27:58 Question 313:04 Question 414:53 Question 521:57 Question 621:52 Question 729:12 Question 833:03 Question 938:34 Question 1042:19 Question 1144:44 Question 1248:20 Question 1355:16 Question 1458:18 Question 151:02:45 Question 161:06:55 Question 171:10:01 Question 181:16:34 Questions 19 and 20
New Content for AP® Chemistry! Tyler DeWitt 2022-04-13 | Let me help you with AP Chemistry! http://www.tdwscience.com/apchemI'm making a bunch of new content to help people get ready for the AP Chem test. I really want to help you get a five on the test! On my website, I will have practice mini-tests with multiple choice questions and free response questions. We'll also have videos covering tips, tricks, and strategy for the AP Chem test. The content will cover all the standard AP topics: equilibrium, kinetics, acids and bases, molecular structure, electrochemistry, and thermodynamics.Legal note: AP® Chemistry is a trademark owned by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this video or any associated content.
Unsaturated, Saturated, and Supersaturated Solutions Tyler DeWitt 2021-06-22 | Solutions may be unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated, depending on the amount of solute they contain. These categories depend on the solubility of the solute, or how much solute can dissolve in a certain amount of solvent. Solubility is dependent on temperature, and for most solid solutes, the solubility increases as temperature increases. More generally, the amount of solute that a solution can hold is referred to as saturation, so these three types of solutions refer to different amounts of saturation. An unsaturated solution can hold more solute: it has not yet reached its maximum. A saturated solution has reached the maximum amount of solute that it can hold. A supersaturated solution holds more solute than is theoretically possible at a given temperature. More solute can usually be dissolved in a solution if the temperature is raised. If the temperature is lowered, the solute becomes less soluble, and crystals form. This is a process called recrystallization. If you have a saturated solution and you lower the temperature very slowly, and you’re careful not to bump or jar the solution, you can create an unstable situation, which is the supersaturated solution. If a seed crystals is added to a supersaturated solution, it can start the recrystallization process. At the end of the video, we’ll also look at how rock candy is made. Rock candy is sugar crystals on a stick. To make rock candy, you first saturate a solution with sugar at a high temperature. Then, you slowly cool the solution, creating a supersaturated solution. Finally, you add a stick or a piece of string which contains some seed crystals. Recrystallization happens, and you get rock candy: the solid sugar crystals form on the stick.
Colloids Tyler DeWitt 2021-06-09 | Colloids are a type of mixture that is in between a homogeneous solution and a heterogeneous suspension. They have particle sizes that are big enough to be visible, but the particles do not settle out over time. Colloids exhibit the Tyndall effect, and they scatter light. Also, colloids can't be separated by filtration. All colloids have a dispersed substance in a dispersion medium. Some common colloids are fog, smoke, foam, gels, and emulsion. The dispersed substance and dispersion medium can be solid, liquid, or gas. An emulsion is two immiscible liquids that are dispersed through one another. Colloids are like a homogeneous solution in some ways, but like a heterogenous suspension in other way.
Rate of Dissolving and Factors that Affect It Tyler DeWitt 2021-06-01 | We'll look at the factors that affect the rate of dissolving. These are size of the pieces that we're dissolving, stirring or agitation, and temperature. The smaller the size of the pieces, the faster the dissolving process. That is because surface area increases as the pieces get smaller. More surface area allows the solute inside the pieces to contact solvent on the outside. Stirring or agitation allows fresh solvent to contact the solute. And increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy of the solvent particles, so they move faster, and collide with the solute more often and with more force. It's also important to note that temperature affects both the solubility and the rate of dissolving.
Pressure and Gas Solubility (Henrys Law) Tyler DeWitt 2021-05-24 | Here we look at pressure and solubility of a gas dissolved in liquid. This is a relationship referred to as Henry's law. In this case, the solute is a gas, and the solvent is a liquid, water. Henry's law states that there is a direct relationship between partial pressure and gas solubility. When the partial pressure of a gas on or above a liquid increases, the solubility of the gas in the liquid increases. Gases dissolve in water frequently: a good example is soda, where carbon dioxide gas dissolves in water. When the soda bottle is closed, the partial pressure above the liquid is high, and so gas solubility is high as well. When the soda bottle is opened, the partial pressure decreases, and the solubility of the gas also decreases. Bubbles form, because much of the gas cannot dissolve any more. Henry's law is also important in Scuba diving. As the diver goes deeper under the water, there is more and more pressure, and so more and more gas can dissolve in their blood. If the scuba diver comes to the surface too quickly, gas will bubble out of their blood, causing decompression sickness or the bends. This can be treated using a decompression chamber, which increases the pressure on the scuba diver, and so it adjusts the gas pressure and the gas solubility.
Temperature and Solubility: Solids and Gases Tyler DeWitt 2021-05-18 | We'll look at the relationship between temperature and solubility for solids and gases. How much of a solid or gas solute can dissolve in a certain amount of liquid solvent? We will see the pattern or trend. For solids dissolving in water, it is a generally direct relationship. Although there are some exceptions, as temperature increases, solubility increases as well. For gas dissolving in liquid, it is an inverse relationship: as temperature increases, solubility decreases. We will look at graphs and charts, and also see real world examples. The amount of sugar that can dissolve in coffee (or water) increases as temperature increases. However, soda gets more bubbly as temperature increases, because it is less soluble. Also, less oxygen can dissolve in lakes and bodies of water at higher temperature. This can be caused by thermal pollution, when factories or power plants dump hot water into the environment.
Aqueous Solutions, Dissolving, and Solvation Tyler DeWitt 2021-05-11 | We talk about dissolving aqueous solutions, where water is the solvent. We'll look at the process of solvation, which is what happens during dissolving, when particles of solvent surround particles of solvent and carry them into solution. This process happens differently for coolant and ionic substance. Covalent substances separate out into molecules. Ionic compounds dissociate into individual ions, a process known as dissociation. The polarity and electronegativity of water determines how the water molecules will surround the solute particles, with partial negatively charged oxygen atoms and partially positively charged hydrogen aligning with the charge of the ions. Finally, the aqueous solution state symbol (aq) can be used to show that a substance is dissolved in water.
Solutions Overview and Types Tyler DeWitt 2021-05-06 | This is an overview of solutions or homogeneous mixtures, which have a uniform and even composition. They are different from heterogeneous mixtures or suspensions, which are not evenly mixed, and eventually settle out or separate out. Solutions are made of a solute and solvent. We'll look at liquid solutions with gases, solids, and liquids, and particularly aqueous solutions. We'll also look at solutions of gases, and solutions of solids, which are often metal alloys. This information is helpful for AP and IB exams, IIT, JEE, and other Indian exams. Also for O levels and A levels.
Tour of the Cell—Companion to Cellscape Tyler DeWitt 2017-07-18 | Learn about all the different parts of the cell, and how they interact. This is a 2D companion video to Cellscape. Tyler discusses the ribosome, mRNA, DNA, mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, microtubules, kinesin, tubulin, nucleus, nuclear pores, rough ER, smooth ER, translocon pores.
Cellscape VR Biology Guided Tour Tyler DeWitt 2017-07-17 | Journey inside the beautiful world of a human cell! Cellscape shrinks you down a couple million times, so that you can explore the inside of a human cell. See the parts of the cell, like the mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes, RNA, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
Cellscape: The Story Tyler DeWitt 2017-07-17 | Check out Cellscape at: youtu.be/-q82IrNWbKcCellscape, a virtual reality journey into a human cell, was developed by Tyler DeWitt and XVIVO Scientific Animation and was made possible by the Google Making and Science team. This is the story behind the project.
Exciting News: Virtual Reality Biology! Tyler DeWitt 2017-05-09 | Coming soon: an amazing 360º, 3D virtual reality experience inside the human cell. I really think this is going to change how we learn Biology. This video was funded by the Google Making and Science Team (makingscience.withgoogle.com/?lang=en), and I collaborated with an amazingly talented group at XVIVO Scientific Animation (http://www.xvivo.net). For the coolest experience, watch this with a VR headset, like Google Cardboard: vr.google.com/cardboard/get-cardboard
Balancing Redox Equations in Basic Solution Example Problem Tyler DeWitt 2015-10-13 | A practice problem for how to balance an oxidation reduction (redox) reaction in basic solution. The process is similar to balance an oxidation reduction equation in acidic solution. Most importantly, both charges and atoms must balance. Here are the steps: first, calculate oxidations numbers for all the elements in the equation. Next, figure out what is being oxidized and what is being reduced. Then, write half reactions for the oxidation and reduction. After that, balance each half reaction: first, for the atoms other than O and H, then for O and H, and finally for charge by adding electrons. After being balanced, the oxidation and reduction half reactions are ready to be added back to together. Make sure that the number of electrons is the same in the oxidation and reduction half reactions. If they are not, multiply one or both of the half reactions to make the number of electrons the same. Then, combine the oxidation and reduction half reaction, canceling out stuff that appears on both sides of the equation. To get rid of the H+ ions, add OH- (hydroxide) ions to both side. Then combine the H+ and OH- to make water, H2O. Finally, subtract out any H2O molecules you can from both sides of the equations. Lastly, do a final check to make sure that everything balances: both atoms and charge.
Limiting Reactant Practice Problem (Advanced) Tyler DeWitt 2015-10-09 | A limiting reactant problem where you have to convert back and forth between grams and moles. Limiting reactant or limiting reagent is the first reactant to run out in a chemical reaction, and it limits the amount of product you can make. In this advanced limiting reactant (limiting reagent) practice problem, we will learn how to solve for limiting reactant or limiting reagent when you are given grams of the reactants, and you have to convert to moles. We will see how to determine which reactant is the limiting reactant (limiting reagent), and then calculate how much excess reactant is left over.
Limiting Reactant Practice Problem Tyler DeWitt 2015-09-25 | We'll practice limiting reactant and excess reactant by working through a problem. These are often also called limiting reagent and excess reagent. The limiting reactant or the limiting reagent is the first reactant to be used up during a chemical reaction. Once the limiting reactant or limiting reagent is used up, no more product can form. In order to solve stoichiometry problems with limiting reactant or limiting reagent, we need to figure out which of the reactants is the limiting reactant or limiting reagent. Then, we see how much product can be formed by using the maximum amount of the limiting reactant or limiting reagent. The excess reactant or excess reagent is what is left over after all of the limiting reactant or limiting reagent has been used up.
Introduction to Limiting Reactant and Excess Reactant Tyler DeWitt 2015-09-17 | Limiting reactant is also called limiting reagent. The limiting reactant or limiting reagent is the first reactant to get used up in a chemical reaction. Once the limiting reactant or limiting reagent gets used up, the reaction has to stop and cannot continue. After the limiting reactant or limiting reagent is used up and the reaction stops, there is extra of the other reactants left over. Those are called the excess reactants. In this video, we'll first learn about limiting reactant and limiting reagent by comparing chemical reactions to cooking recipes. We'll look at how to calculate limiting reactant and limiting reagent using cooking ingredients, and then looking at an actual stoichiometry problem,
Balance Redox Equations in Acid Example 2 (Advanced) Tyler DeWitt 2015-09-10 | We'll go step by step through how to balance an oxidation reduction (redox) reaction in acidic solution. This example is advanced. Most importantly, both charges and atoms must balance. Here are the steps: first, calculate oxidations numbers for all the elements in the equation. Next, figure out what is being oxidized and what is being reduced. Then, write half reactions for the oxidation and reduction. After that, balance each half reaction: first, for the atoms other than O and H, then for O and H, and finally for charge by adding electrons. After being balanced, the oxidation and reduction half reactions are ready to be added back to together. Make sure that the number of electrons is the same in the oxidation and reduction half reactions. If they are not, multiply one or both of the half reactions to make the number of electrons the same. Then, combine the oxidation and reduction half reaction, canceling out stuff that appears on both sides of the equation. Lastly, do a final check to make sure that everything balances: both atoms and charge.
Introduction to Balancing Chemical Equations Tyler DeWitt 2015-09-04 | How to balance chemical equations. We'll start out with examples that show the concepts behind balancing chemical equations. We will start with a word equation, and then write a chemical equations, and then visualize the atoms and molecules and how they change. To figure out if the equations is balanced, we look at the number and type of atoms on each side of the arrow. If the number and type of atom is not the same on both sides, the equation in unbalanced. We need to change the number of one or more of the compounds in order to get the atoms to balance. We do this by placing coefficients (numbers) in front of each of the compounds. When balancing equations, you cannot ever change the subscripts of a compound.
Balancing Chemical Equations Practice Problems Tyler DeWitt 2015-08-28 | Equation balancing will make sense! Here, we will do a bunch of practice problems for balancing chemical equations. We'll see the process or trial and error and the steps that you have to go through to balance chemical equations. You start by keeping track of the number of atoms on both sides of the equation, and then you add coefficients to one or more of the elements and compounds to make the number of atoms equal.
Introduction to Electrochemistry Tyler DeWitt 2015-08-26 | Everything you need to know about Electrochemistry. Electrochemistry is the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions. There are two ways that electricity and chemical reactions interact: certain chemical reactions can create electricity, and electricity can force certain chemical reactions to happen that wouldn't happen otherwise. We'll look at two very common examples in electrochemistry. We'll see how a galvanic or voltaic cell uses a chemical reaction to create electricity, and we'll see how electrolysis uses electricity to cause water to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen gas. We'll also look at the list of Standard Reduction Potentials, to figure out what chemical reactions will happen on their own (are spontaneous) are can create electricity, and which will not happen on their own (are not spontaneous) and require electricity to happen.
Oxidizing Agents and Reducing Agents Tyler DeWitt 2015-08-19 | We'll learn about oxidizing agents and reducing agents, what they are, what they do, and how to identify them in chemical equations. Oxidizing agents make oxidation happen, and reducing agents make oxidation happen. And oxidizing agent takes electrons from something, allowing it to be oxidized, and a reducing agents gives electrons to something, allowing it to be reduced. You can remember this by noting that the thing that is reduced is the oxidizing agent, and the thing that is oxidized is the reducing agent. We'll then look at some equations and identify the oxidizing and reducing agents. To do this, we have to write oxidation numbers (or oxidation states) for the elements in the equation, and then figure out how electrons are moving, what is being oxidized and what is being reduced.
Galvanic Cells (Voltaic Cells) Tyler DeWitt 2015-08-14 | All about Galvanic Cells, which are also called Voltaic Cells. These are devices that use a chemical reaction to create electricity. Moving electrons create electricity, and electrons flow from the anode, the site of oxidation, to the cathode, the site of reduction. The galvanic or voltaic cell also includes a salt bridge, which helps to balance charge, and lets ions move between the two half cells. In this video, we'll talk about oxidation, reduction, cathodes, and anodes. We'll write redox half reactions for the two half cells, which show the gain and loss of electrons.
The Immune System: B Cell, T Cell, Soldier, Spy Tyler DeWitt 2015-08-10 | In this fusion of storytelling and science, I talk about the immune system, explaining it from different points of view. I try to make this sort of like a spy novel, where you have to piece together the different parts. The immune system is an amazing thing that keeps us safe from pathogens. B Cells and T Cells fight off pathogens, many primary and second defenses try to keep pathogens out of our bodies in the first place.
Electroplating Part 2 Tyler DeWitt 2015-08-07 | Here's well look at more details of electroplating. We'll talk about oxidation and reduction, anodes and cathodes. We'll write half reactions for the two processes that are happening in the electroplating cell. How does electroplating work? It is a process where you usually take an object made of one type of metal, and cover it with a thin layer of another type of metal. Usually, precious metals like gold, silver, or platinum are the metals that are electroplated. In an electroplating cell, electrons are removed from one of the metals, which is an oxidation process that happens at the anode. This causes the metal to develop a charge turn into an ion, and allows it to dissolve in the solution. Then, at the cathode, reduction takes place, and the metal ion turns into a neutral atom, and sticks to the surface of the other metal.
