John Ward (jwflame)
AFDD Regulations in BS7671, Other Information (Part 3)
updated
Demonstration includes:
► normal operation
► current sharing between the CNE and bonding conductors
► what happens with an open CNE in one property and not in the adjacent one
► the situation with more than two properties all connected to the same extraneous part.
In all cases, current can be found in the bonding conductors connected to shared metallic parts such as gas or water pipes.
Note that this demonstration uses a custom manufactured test rig which runs on an isolated 12 volt AC supply. Some of the items shown would be dangerous if done with 230V or a real electrical installation.
Part 1 covers the basic principles of both.
Sockets are MK 735WHI, and are the same size as those made decades ago. There is an ancient data sheet for the original ones here: docs.rs-online.com/739a/0900766b811ef79c.pdf which is dated July 1959.
Flex is 2.5mm² 3 core PVC. This is significantly larger than most extension reels available today which are typically 1.5mm² or even smaller. This can be used at full load while wound up, as the larger cable has a lower resistance, so a lot less heat is generated in it .
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Box with main switch: NM206/63
Surge protection device: NMT2SPD3W/1
40A compact RCBO with switched neutral: NHXS1B40
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Also covers older vehicles with Type 1 and CHAdeMO connectors, and the situation with Tesla vehicles and charging.
Most of this does not apply to the USA, where Type 1 and Type 1 CCS is common for existing non-Tesla vehicles and Tesla has it's own proprietary incompatible connector which is now being used by several other manufacturers.
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Amp Hours to Watt Hours
Power is the rate at which electricity is used, energy is the total amount used over a certain period of time.
Includes example calculations for the total energy and cost used, and the capacity of batteries.
Effective September 2022, BS7671 requires a minimum of Type A for the majority of installations.
However some devices are not suitable for use with Type A and require others such as Type F or B.
IET Fake Awareness with list of approved suppliers: electrical.theiet.org/bs-7671/fake-awareness
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IET Fake Awareness with list of approved suppliers: electrical.theiet.org/bs-7671/fake-awareness
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Model forms download: electrical.theiet.org/bs-7671/model-forms
IET Fake Awareness with list of approved suppliers: electrical.theiet.org/bs-7671/fake-awareness
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Electropedia website: electropedia.org
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Van used: Citroen e-Dispatch 50kWh.
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00:00 Introduction
01:00 What is a TT system
05:33 Historical devices for fault protection
07:44 Modern devices for fault protection
10:38 Dual RCD consumer units
12:07 Modern installations
13:00 Submains
14:48 Summary
16:23 Earth Electrodes
19:36 RCD & Electrode Resistance
22:22 RCBOs Switched Neutral
24:06 Maximum leakage current
28:17 Conclusion
Also a look inside a modern self contained 230V AC PIR motion sensor which uses the same chip and very similar circuit. Uses a plastic IR lens to achieve the same results as the mirror.
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Original test result 19.9 ohms, new 16 ohms, roughly 20% reduction in resistance. Weather for the last several weeks has been very dry.
Previous videos:
Overview and Demonstration - youtube.com/watch?v=VKJ3gwFnxEw
Installation - youtube.com/watch?v=tYcXE9W2AKQ
Others on earth electrodes and testing: youtube.com/playlist?list=PLVsHvs2SuqmoGuQa4SNL9FOYjHhGmTZ9G
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Property is about 20 years old, this problem may have been there for the whole time.
The old smoke alarm had obviously been removed from the backing plate many times to presumably replace the battery, as it would have often been without mains power.
SY cable isn't suitable for use outside, it is not an armoured cable, despite many people using it like that.
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These were used on TT installations in the 1970s and earlier to disconnect the supply if a fault occurred between live and an earthed metal part of the installation.
These devices are NOT RCDs, and do not provide any protection against electric shock.
The principle is that they are tripped by a voltage between the earth electrode for the installation and the earth connection to exposed conductive parts within the installation.
The wiring attached to this is tinned copper, and not aluminium. Aluminium wiring in small sizes was only in use for a very short period and was copper clad. 99% or more of wiring with a silver appearance is tinned copper.
00:00 Introduction
01:00 The Item
02:58 Inside
05:17 Trip coil
06:55 Buttons
08:45 Trip using DC voltage
11:49 Tinned copper wiring
14:54 TFW
This one was removed intact from an installation and still contains the original rubber insulated cables.
Made by Hartley Electromotives Limited, this example is a Type B and dated 19 March 1958.
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In the UK, most screws used in construction work are Pozidriv.
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This is the same ConduDisc as shown in the previous video, with two bags of conductive concrete added. The hole is about 900mm / 3 feet deep.
UK: http://earthingservices.com/condudisc
North America: saeinc.com
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Although an earth electrode may be present, it's not likely to be a TT arrangement.
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As the neutral and earth conductor are combined outside the installation, current in the neutral causes a voltage drop, which results in the earth terminal having a different potential (voltage) to the true Earth outside.
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A TT system must be completely separate from any other earthing system, including connections via extraneous conductive parts shared with other buildings. Earth electrodes cannot be installed where fault currents from other installations could cause a voltage to appear on the TT system.
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In this demonstration, the ConduDisc is placed in fairly loose soil about 12 inches depth, so the obtained resistance is higher than in a normal installation.
A future video will cover this being installed in a real installation at a more suitable depth - youtu.be/tYcXE9W2AKQ
UK: http://earthingservices.com/condudisc
North America: saeinc.com
Sent in by Norman.
The round pin plugs and sockets shown in the video were used in the UK and some other countries mainly in the 1940s and earlier. Each different rating was a different physical size, and the two pin plugs were incompatible with the three pin sockets.
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Covers all four classes, the protection methods for each one, and considerations when connecting equipment to a fixed wiring installation.
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Two numbers, the first of which defines protection against objects/dust, the second against water.
Optionally two additional letters, although they are rarely used.
Often referred to as Ingress Protection, although the standard defines it as International Protection.
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Sources:
Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES) 2020 gov.uk/government/statistics/digest-of-uk-energy-statistics-dukes-2020
Drax Electric Insights electricinsights.co.uk
World Nuclear Association world-nuclear.org/country/default.aspx/United%20Kingdom
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The existing flex was single insulated, and the plugs had unsleeved pins.
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There are two problems here - first being that the cable insulation is damaged when in contact with the expanded polystyrene, the second is the current capacity of the cable is significantly reduced when installed in insulation, which could result in the cable overheating.
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This piece of foam was installed many years ago, the exact brand/type is not known.
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Draft available here: standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com/search?Term=7671
Divided into 4 separate parts due to it's very large size.
Draft available here: standardsdevelopment.bsigroup.com/search?Term=7671
Divided into 4 separate parts due to it's very large size.
ENA document: energynetworks.org/assets/files/ENA_EREC_G5_Issue_5_(2020).pdf
RCD design guide with leakage current for various appliances: download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_enDocType=Catalog&p_File_Name=CA908066E+%28web%29.pdf&p_Doc_Ref=CA908066E
sparkyninja.com
flameport.com
e5group.org.uk
The example in the video would be a high use electric vehicle charger, with the vehicle being driven approximately 150 miles per day, 5 days a week, 50 weeks per year.
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These can be made for any plug or socket as required.
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