Name: When Were the Gospels Written?: A Critical Examination @faithbecauseofreason8381
Uploaded: 2026-09-23T08:17:00-05:00
Duration: 8 min 17 s
Description: When Were the Gospels Written?: A Critical Examination

When Were the Gospels Written?: A Critical Examination

Faith Because of Reason 2026-09-23 | When Were the Gospels Written?: A Critical Examination

Answering @modernatheism on the Resurrection

Faith Because of Reason 2025-09-18 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:01:25 - Credible Sources?
00:07:02 - Defending Premise 2
00:16:45 - Defending Premise 4
00:29:29 - Assessing the Hybrid Hypothesis
00:36:40 - Are the Gospel Authors Known Liars?
00:38:18 - Defending Premise 5
00:44:43 - Much Ado About Hallucinations
01:03:44 - Retreating Back to Hume?
01:07:29 - Defending Bart Ehrman?
01:28:44 - An Note on Cumulative Cases
01:32:02 - Defending Dale Allison?
01:44:28 - Defending Matthew McCormick?
01:58:31 - Defending James Fodor?
02:07:31 - Conclusion

Sources:

youtube.com/watch?v=wOQi6Ph775A

merriam-webster.com/dictionary/credible

kkc.com/whistleblower-terms/credible

The Resurrection of Jesus: Apologetics, Polemics, History - Dale C. Allison, Jr.

Ecclesiastical History - Eusebius

Miracles: A Preliminary Study - C. S. Lewis

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Defending Dualism: A Response to @JamesFodor

Faith Because of Reason 2025-09-13 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:02:26 - The Existence of the Self
00:17:27 - The Argument From Introspection
00:26:29 - The Modal Argument
00:40:16 - The Knowledge Argument
00:45:48 - The Unintelligibility Objection
00:53:21 - The Interaction Problem
01:03:27 - The Pairing Problem
01:07:43 - The Causal Closure Objection
01:25:12 - The Conservation of Energy Objection
01:31:30 - Conclusion

Sources:

The Immortal Mind - Michael Egnor and Denyse O’Leary

“A Defense of the Knowledge Argument" - John M. DePoe

youtube.com/watch?v=-P2k1pGKAzU&t=3125s

youtube.com/watch?v=9COVx5pwQUw&t=1s

youtube.com/watch?v=lmhvpErvVX4&t=892s

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Answering @JamesFodor on the Resurrection

Faith Because of Reason 2025-09-11 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

0:00:00 - Introducing James Fodor's RHBS Hypothesis
0:10:51 - RHBS vs. Minimalism
0:13:44 - RHBS vs. Maximalism
0:18:23 - Concerns About Hallucinations
0:21:22 - From Memory Skepticism to Global Skepticism
0:25:11 - Assessing Fodor’s Case for Memory Distortion
0:47:46 - The Case Against Memory Distortion
1:00:37 - The Doubting Thomas Dilemma
1:10:42 - Conclusion

Sources:

Unreasonable Faith - James Fodor

“A Response to Fodor on Jesus’ Resurrection" - David Graieg

The Resurrection Fact: Responding to Modern Critics - John J. Bombardo and Adam S. Francisco (eds.)

The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology - William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland (eds.)

https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/bali-bombings

Momentous Events, Vivid Memories - David B. Pillemer

Memory, Jesus, and the Synoptic Gospels - Robert K. McIver

“Assessing Psychological Explanations for Jesus’ Post-Resurrection Appearances: A Response to Stephen H. Smith,” Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus, (2024) - Andrew Loke and Nick Meader

“Rethinking the Reliability of Eyewitness Memory”, Perspectives on Psychological Science, Vol. 13 (2018) - John T. Wixted, Laura Mickes, and Ronald P. Fisher

Jesus, Skepticism, and the Problem of History - Darrell L. Bock and J. Ed Komoszewski (eds.)

Resurrection: Extraordinary Evidence for an Extraordinary Claim - Nick Meader

Resurrection Remembered - David Graieg

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Answering Robert Greg Cavin on the Resurrection

Faith Because of Reason 2025-09-04 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00 - Introducing Robert Greg Cavin
05:02 - Response Strategy #1
12:51 - Response Strategy #2
16:06 - Conclusion

Sources:

The Empty Tomb - Robert M. Price and Jeffery Jay Lowder (eds.)

Risen Indeed - Stephen T. Davis

Disputed Issues - Stephen T. Davis

Defending the Resurrection - J. P. Holding

A Reasonable Response - William Lane Craig and Joseph E. Gorra

Was Jesus God? - Richard Swinburne

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Answering Matthew S. McCormick on the Resurrection

Faith Because of Reason 2025-08-28 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00 - Introducing Matthew S. McCormick
02:50 - The Problem of Bias
05:36 - The Resurrection vs. The Salem Witch Trials
08:34 - The Problem of Context
12:12 - The Problem of Dishonesty
17:00 - The Problem of Counter-Evidence
19:32 - The Problem of Qualitative Asymmetry
26:35 - The Problem of Triviality
29:40 - Conclusion

Sources:

Atheism and the Case Against Christ - Matthew S. McCormick

The Resurrection Fact: Responding to Modern Critics - John J. Bombardo and Adam S. Francisco (eds.)

A Storm of Witchcraft - Emerson W. Baker

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Answering Dale C. Allison Jr. on the Resurrection of Jesus

Faith Because of Reason 2025-08-22 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00 - Introducing Dale C. Allison Jr.
01:44 - Methodological Concerns
04:42 - The Historicity of the Rising of the Saints
11:36 - Allison vs. Maximalist Apologetics
17:46 - Allison on Rainbow Bodies
33:58 - Conclusion

Sources:

The Resurrection of Jesus: Apologetics, Polemics, History - Dale C. Allison, Jr.

Resurrecting Jesus - Dale C. Allison, Jr.

Jesus’ Resurrection and Apparitions - Jake. H. O’Connell

The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology - William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland (eds.)

“On the Minimal Facts Case for the Resurrection: Part I--A statement of my central objections” - Lydia McGrew
lydiaswebpage.blogspot.com/2021/11/on-minimal-facts-case-for-resurrection.html

youtube.com/watch?v=VXKsX96iRyM

The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach - Michael R. Licona

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Answering Michael J. Alter on the Resurrection of Jesus

Faith Because of Reason 2025-08-15 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00 - Introducing Michael J. Alter
03:05 - Alter on Gospel Authorship
05:43 - Alter on Bible Contradictions
17:16 - Alter on Harmonization
20:03 - Conclusion

Sources:

The Resurrection: A Critical Inquiry - Michael J. Alter

The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology - William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland (eds.)

The Resurrection of the Son of God - N. T. Wright

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Answering Richard C. Carrier on the Resurrection of Jesus

Faith Because of Reason 2025-08-08 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00 - Introducing Richard C. Carrier
03:01 - Paul and the Nature of the Resurrection Body
07:04 - The Plausibility of Hallucinations
11:41 - Carrier's Case Against the Gospels
13:43 - Carrier on Gospel Authorship
14:40 - How Late (or Early) are the Gospels?
22:03 - Did the Resurrection Story Grow Over Time?
26:15 - Did the Gospel Authors Have Credible Sources?
32:30 - Conclusion

Sources:

The Empty Tomb - Robert M. Price and Jeffery Jay Lowder (eds.)

The Final Triumph of God - James P. Ware

The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach - Michael R. Licona

An Evidentiary Analysis of Doctor Richard Carrier’s Objections to the Resurrection of Jesus Christ - S. Ross Hickling

The Jesus Legend - Paul Rhodes Eddy and Gregory A. Boyd

The Order of the Synoptics: Why Three Synoptic Gospels? - Bernard Orchard and Harold Riley

The Sayings of Jesus in the Churches of Paul - David L. Dungan

Defending the Resurrection - J. P. Holding (ed.)

“Why Do We Still Believe in Q?” - Richard C. Carrier
richardcarrier.info/archives/12352

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Answering Bart D. Ehrmans Objections to the Resurrection of Jesus

Faith Because of Reason 2025-08-01 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00 - Introducing Bart D. Ehrman
02:29 - Can Historians Investigate Miracles?
14:14 - Are the Resurrection Narratives Contradictory?
34:26 - Was Jesus Buried in a Tomb?
51:08 - Conclusion

Sources:

How Jesus Became God - Bart D. Ehrman

Christian Apologetics - Norman L. Geisler

The Legitimacy of Miracle - Robert A. Larmer

The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach - Michael R. Licona

“Can You Prove a Miracle?” - Philip Goff
conscienceandconsciousness.com/2022/04/20/can-you-prove-a-miracle

The Resurrection Fact: Responding to Modern Critics - John J. Bombardo and Adam S. Francisco (eds.)

Jesus’ Resurrection and Apparitions - Jake. H. O’Connell

Easter Enigma: Do the Resurrection Stories Contradict One Another? - John Wenham

Investigating the Resurrection of Jesus - Andrew Loke

How God Became Jesus - Michael F. Bird, Craig A. Evans, Simon J. Gathercole, Charles E. Hill, and Chris Tilling

Raised on the Third Day - W. David Beck and Michael R. Licona (eds.)

Assessing the New Testament Evidence for the Historicity of the Resurrection of Jesus - William Lane Craig

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

The Argument for the Resurrection of Jesus

Faith Because of Reason 2025-07-26 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

Sources:

The Case for Jesus - Brant Pitre

The Mirror or the Mask - Lydia McGrew

The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology - William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland (eds.)

Risen Indeed - Stephen T. Davis

The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach - Michael R. Licona

Jesus’ Resurrection and Apparitions - Jake. H. O’Connell

Investigating the Resurrection of Jesus - Andrew Loke

“Assessing Psychological Explanations for Jesus’ Post-Resurrection Appearances: A Response to Stephen H. Smith,” Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus, (2024) - Andrew Loke and Nick Meader

On the Resurrection, Vol. 2: Refutations - Gary R. Habermas

The Son Rises - William Lane Craig

The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus - Gary R. Habermas and Michael R. Licona

“Review of The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology” - Aron Lucas

The Risen Jesus & Future Hope - Gary R. Habermas

The Miracle Myth: Why Belief in the Resurrection and the Supernatural is Unjustified - Larry Shapiro

The Case Against Theism - Raphael Lataster

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Why I Dont Use The Minimal Facts Approach

Faith Because of Reason 2025-07-18 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00 - Introducing Minimalism and Maximalism
15:30 - The Case for Maximalism
18:06 - Maximalism is Consistent
20:35 - Maximalism is Based on Sound Methodology
28:01 - Maximalism Emphasizes the Right Issues
32:29 - Maximalism is Immune from Scholarly Fads
36:51 - Maximalism is Able to Make Sense of the Resurrection
39:58 - Maximalism Supports the Reality of a Bodily Resurrection
47:14 - Maximalism Supports the Rationality of the Disciples' Belief
51:05 - Conclusion

Sources:

On the Resurrection, Vol. 1: Evidences - Gary R. Habermas

On Guard - William Lane Craig

Investigating the Resurrection of Jesus - Andrew Loke

Jesus, Skepticism, and the Problem of History - Darrell L. Bock and J. Ed Komoszewski (eds.)

Why Are There Differences in the Gospels? - Michael R. Licona

The Resurrection of Jesus - Michael R. Licona

Jesus’ Resurrection and Apparitions - Jake H. O’Connell

The Mirror or the Mask - Lydia McGrew

The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus - Gary R. Habermas and Michael R. Licona

Raised on the Third Day - W. David Beck and Michael R. Licona (eds.)

Buried Hope or Risen Savior? - Charles L. Quarles (ed.)

Jesus, Criteria, and the Demise of Authenticity - Chris Keith and Anthony Le Donne (eds.)

Reasonable Faith - William Lane Craig

The Case Against Theism - Raphael Lataster

Hidden in Plain View - Lydia McGrew

The Resurrection - Stephen T. Davis, Daniel Kendall, and Gerald O’Collins (eds.)

The Resurrection of Jesus Christ - Gerald O’Collins

How Jesus Became God - Bart D. Ehrman

The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology - William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland (eds.)

The Son Rises - William Lane Craig

Tough-Minded Christianity - William Dembski and Thomas Schirrmacher (eds.)

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Resurrected: The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus

Faith Because of Reason 2025-07-06 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:03:18 - Charting a Course
00:18:31 - The Case for Maximalism
00:56:26 - The Argument for Jesus' Resurrection
00:58:26 - The Testimony comes from Credible Sources
01:05:54 - The Testimony is not Deliberately False
01:12:46 - The Testimony is not Honestly Mistaken
01:41:23 - Therefore the Testimony is True
01:42:27 - Bart D. Ehrman
02:34:03 - Richard C. Carrier
03:07:11 - Michael J. Alter
03:27:49 - Dale C. Allison
04:03:47 - Matthew S. McCormick
04:34:32 - Robert Greg Cavin
04:51:39 - James Fodor
06:04:19 - Conclusion

Sources:

On the Resurrection, Vol. 1: Evidences - Gary R. Habermas

On Guard - William Lane Craig

Investigating the Resurrection of Jesus - Andrew Loke

Jesus, Skepticism, and the Problem of History - Darrell L. Bock and J. Ed Komoszewski (ed.)

Why Are There Differences in the Gospels? - Michael R. Licona

The Resurrection of Jesus - Michael R. Licona

Jesus’ Resurrection and Apparitions - Jake H. O’Connell

The Mirror or the Mask - Lydia McGrew

The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus - Gary R. Habermas and Michael R. Licona

Raised on the Third Day - W. David Beck and Michael R. Licona (eds.)

Buried Hope or Risen Savior? - Charles L. Quarles (ed.)

Jesus, Criteria, and the Demise of Authenticity - Chris Keith and Anthony Le Donne (eds.)

Reasonable Faith - William Lane Craig

The Case Against Theism - Raphael Lataster

Hidden in Plain View - Lydia McGrew

The Resurrection - Stephen T. Davis, Daniel Kendall, and Gerald O’Collins (eds.)

The Resurrection of Jesus Christ - Gerald O’Collins

How Jesus Became God - Bart D. Ehrman

The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology - William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland (eds.)

The Son Rises - William Lane Craig

Tough-Minded Christianity - William Dembski and Thomas Schirrmacher (eds.)

The Case for Jesus - Brant Pitre

Risen Indeed - Stephen T. Davis

“Assessing Psychological Explanations for Jesus’ Post-Resurrection Appearances: A Response to Stephen H. Smith" - Andrew Loke and Nick Meader

On the Resurrection, Vol. 2: Refutations - Gary R. Habermas

The Risen Jesus & Future Hope - Gary R. Habermas

The Miracle Myth - Larry Shapiro

Christian Apologetics - Norman L. Geisler

The Legitimacy of Miracle - Robert A. Larmer

The Resurrection Fact - John J. Bombardo and Adam S. Francisco

Easter Enigma - John Wenham

How God Became Jesus - Michael F. Bird, Craig A. Evans, Simon J. Gathercole, Charles E. Hill, and Chris Tilling

Assessing the New Testament Evidence for the Historicity of the Resurrection of Jesus - William Lane Craig

The Empty Tomb - Robert M. Price and Jefferey Jay Lowder (eds.)

The Final Triumph of God - James P. Ware

An Evidentiary Analysis of Doctor Richard Carrier’s Objections to the Resurrection of Jesus Christ - S. Ross Hickling

The Jesus Legend - Paul Rhodes Eddy and Gregory A. Boyd

The Order of the Synoptics - Bernard Orchard and Harold Riley

The Sayings of Jesus in the Churches of Paul - David L. Dungan

Defending the Resurrection - J. P. Holding

The Resurrection: A Critical Inquiry - Michael J. Alter

The Resurrection of the Son of God - N. T. Wright

The Resurrection of Jesus: Apologetics, Polemics, History - Dale C. Allison Jr.

Resurrecting Jesus - Dale C. Allison Jr.

Atheism and the Case Against Christ - Matthew S. McCormick

A Storm of Witchcraft - Emerson W. Baker

Disputed Issues - Stephen T. Davis

A Reasonable Response - William Lane Craig and Joseph Gorra

Was Jesus God? - Richard Swinburne

Unreasonable Faith - James Fodor

“A Response to Fodor on Jesus’ Resurrection" - David Graieg

Momentous Events, Vivid Memories - David B. Pillemer

Memory, Jesus, and the Synoptic Gospels - Robert K. McIver

“Rethinking the Reliability of Eyewitness Memory” - John T. Wixted, Laura Mickes, and Ronald P. Fisher

Resurrection: Extraordinary Evidence for an Extraordinary Claim - Nick Meader

Resurrection Remembered - David Graieg

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Resurrected (Trailer)

Faith Because of Reason 2025-07-02 | I really apologize for the delay on this video. My hope is to have it out within the next two weeks. In the meantime, here's a little something to get you excited. Thank you all so much for your patience. I am working as hard as I can to have this video out as soon as possible.

Martyrdom Revisited: A Response to Chris Hansen

Faith Because of Reason 2025-05-18 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00 - Introduction
02:34 - Poisoning the Well
04:40 - John 21 Again
05:21 - 2 Timothy 4 Again
08:08 - Clement Part 1: Stealing Hansen's Thunder Again
20:24 - Clement Part 2: Answering Hansen's Objections Again
42:02 - Ignatius, Polycarp, and Tertullian Again
44:21 - Tacitus Again
59:05 - Conclusion

Sources:

“A (Not Brief) Response to David Pallmann on Martyrdom” - Chrissy Hansen
marxistleninisthistorian.substack.com/p/a-not-brief-response-to-david-pallmann?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web

The Christian World Around the New Testament - Richard Bauckham

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Did the Apostles Really Die as Martyrs?: Defending the Historicity of Early Christian Persecution

Faith Because of Reason 2025-05-06 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00:00 - Prolegomena
00:01:18 - Introduction
00:03:08 - The Case Against Persecution
00:07:18 - Formulating a Strategy
00:14:44 - Paulogia vs. Paul
00:17:34 - Acts + Assorted NT References
00:36:43 - The Pauline Corpus
00:42:15 - The Patristic Evidence
00:43:02 - Clement of Rome
01:12:00 - Ignatius of Antioch
01:19:03 - Polycarp of Smyrna
01:22:48 - Tertullian of Carthage
01:30:17 - Other Patristic Sources
01:32:02 - Tacitus
01:56:02 - Wrapping Up
01:57:30 - Dying for Lies
02:02:30 - Did the Other Apostles Remain Faithful?
02:12:26 - Conclusion

Sources:

“Murder Among Brothers: The Deaths of Peter and Paul Reconsidered”, Journal of Early Christian History, 14:3, (2024) - Chrissy M. Hansen

“Did the Apostles Die for a Lie?” - Richard C. Carrier

The Myth of Persecution - Candida Moss

More Than a Carpenter - Josh McDowell

Why Believe in Jesus? - Tim LaHaye

Investigating the Resurrection of Jesus - Andrew Loke

The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology - William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland (eds)

“Early Church Persecution, and its Evidential Value” - Jonathan McLatchie

The Fate of the Apostles, Second Edition - Sean McDowell

Peter, Paul, and Mary Magdalene: The Followers of Jesus in History and Legend - Bart D. Ehrman

The Christian World Around the New Testament - Richard Bauckham

Christian Persecution in Antiquity - Wolfram Kinzig,

After Acts - Bryan Litfin

The Martyrdom of St. Paul - Harry W. Tajra

The Remembered Peter - Markus Bockmuehl

The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach - Michael R. Licona

An Evidentiary Analysis of Doctor Richard Carrier’s Objections to the Resurrection of Jesus Christ - S. Ross Hickling

The Case for Jesus - Brant Pitre

Early Christian Martyr Stories - Bryan M. Litfin

“The Myth of the Neronian Persecution”, JRS, (2015) - Brent D. Shaw

“The Historicity of the Neronian Persecution: A Response to Brent Shaw” New Testament Studies, Volume 63 , Issue 1 , (2017) - Christopher P. Jones

“The Number of the Myth: A Defence of the Ahistoricity of the Neronian Persecution,” Journal of Early Christian History, (2023) - Christopher M. Hansen

The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Nero - Shadi Bartsch, Kirk Freudenburg, and Cedric Littlewood (eds.)

Nero: Emperor and Court - John F. Drinkwater

Golden Excess - Eric R. Varner

Persecution in the Early Church - Herbert B. Workman

The Resurrection of Jesus: Apologetics, Polemics, History - Dale C. Allison, Jr.

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The Case For Matthean Priority: A Study in the Synoptic Problem

Faith Because of Reason 2025-04-05 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00:00 - Introducing the Synoptic Problem
00:13:56 - Against Markan Priority
01:00:32 - External Evidence for Matthean Priority
01:28:54 - Internal Evidence for Matthean Priority
01:59:27 - Objections and Replies

Sources:

The Synoptic Problem: A Way Through the Maze - Mark Goodacre

The Synoptic Problem: Four Views - Stanley E. Porter and Bryan R. Dyer (eds)

Three Views on the Origins of the Synoptic Gospels - Robert L. Thomas (ed)

The Two-Source Hypothesis: A Critical Appraisal - Arthur J. Bellinzoni, Jr (ed)

The Case Against Q - Mark Goodacre

Redating Matthew, Mark, & Luke - John Wenham

The Synoptic Problem: A Critical Analysis - William R. Farmer

The Progressive Publication of Matthew - B. Ward Powers

Christology and the Synoptic Problem: An Argument for Markan Priority - Peter M. Head

A History of the Synoptic Problem - David L. Dungan

The Originality of St. Matthew - B. C. Butler

ICC Matthew 1-7: Volume 1 - W. D. Davies and Dale Allison

God’s Equal - Sigurd Grindheim

The Holman Apologetics Commentary on the Bible - Jeremy Royal Howard (ed)

The Case for Jesus - Brant Pitre

The Two-Source Hypothesis: A Critical Appraisal - Arthur J. Bellinzoni (ed)

One Gospel From Two: Mark’s Use of Matthew and Luke - David Peabody, Lamar Cope, and Allen J. McNicol (eds)

"Fatigue in the Synoptics" New Testament Studies 44 (1998) - Mark Goodacre

Mark’s Gospel - Prior or Posterior? - David J. Neville

An Early Reader of Mark and Q - J. Verheyden & G. Van Belle (eds)

The Mirror or the Mask - Lydia McGrew

Why Four Gospels? - David Alan Black

The Three Gospels - Martin Mosse

New Synoptic Studies - William R. Farmer (ed)

The Order of the Synoptics: Why Three Synoptic Gospels? - Bernard Orchard and Harold Riley

The Interrelations of the Gospels - David L. Dungan (ed.)

New Oxford Annotated Bible

New Testament in History and Literature - Dale Martin

The Sources of the Synoptic Gospels - Sang-Bok Kim

Matthew: A Commentary on his Literary and Theological Art - Robert H. Gundry

The Patristic Historians of Matthew’s Gospel - Jedidiah Tritle

Evidence of Conflation in Mark? A Study in the Synoptic Problem - Thomas R. W. Longstaff

“The Solution of the Synoptic Problem”, ScrB 18 (1987) - J. B. Orchard

The Revival of the Griesbach Hypothesis - C. M. Tuckett

Duality in Mark - Frans Neirynck

Rethinking the Gospel Sources - Delbert Burkett

Tax Collector to Gospel Writer - Michael Kok

“On Reading Old Books” - C. S. Lewis

Mark: The Gospel of Passion - Michael Card

“But wait! There's more!" - Lydia McGrew

RHBC: Luke - Thomas Marberry, Robert E. Picirilli (ed)

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Do Souls Violate the Conservation of Energy?

Faith Because of Reason 2025-03-29 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Sources:

The Science of the Mind - Owen Flanagan

Mind: A Brief Introduction - John Searle

Contradictions: Neuroscience and Religion - José M. Musacchio

Consciousness Explained - Daniel C. Dennett

The Soul Hypothesis - Mark C. Baker and Stewart Goetz (eds.)

The Agnostic Inquirer - Sandra Menssen and Thomas D. Sullivan

The Substance of Consciousness - Brandon Rickabaugh and J. P. Moreland

The Mind and its Place in Nature - C. D. Broad

Personal Ontology - Andrew Brenner

The Self and its Brain: An Argument For Interactionism - Karl Popper and John C. Eccles

Knowledge, Thought, and the Case for Dualism - Richard Fumerton

Consciousness and the Existence of God - J. P. Moreland

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Is the Universe Causally Closed?

Faith Because of Reason 2025-03-28 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Sources:

The Philosophy of Mind - Jaegwon Kim

Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity - Antti Revonsuo

The Waning of Materialism - Robert C. Koons and George Bealer (eds.)

Naturalism - Stewart Goetz and Charles Taliaferro

Arguing About the Mind - Brie Gertler and Lawrence Shapiro (eds.)

Measuring the Immeasurable Mind - Matthew Owen

Personal Ontology - Andrew Brenner

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Solving the Pairing Problem

Faith Because of Reason 2025-03-27 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Sources:

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mind - Brian P. McLaughlin, Ansgar Beckermann, and Sven Walter (eds.)

The Conscious Self - David H. Lund

The Substance of Consciousness - Brandon Rickabaugh and J. P. Moreland

Personal Ontology - Andrew Brenner

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Solving the Interaction Problem

Faith Because of Reason 2025-03-26 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Sources:

Philosophy of Mind - Jaegwon Kim

Persons and Minds - Joseph Margolis

Philosophy of Mind - John Heil

Personal Ontology - Andrew Brenner

The Substance of Consciousness - Brandon Rickabaugh and J. P. Moreland

The Conscious Self - David H. Lund

The Mind-Body Problem - David Armstrong

The Agnostic Inquirer - Sandra Menssen and Thomas D. Sullivan

Consciousness and the Mind of God - Charles Taliaferro

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Has Science Disproven the Soul?

Faith Because of Reason 2025-03-25 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Sources:

Descartes’ Error - Antonio R. Damasio

Mind: A Brief Introduction - John Searle

Contradictions: Neuroscience and Religion - José M. Musacchio

Measuring the Immeasurable Mind - Matthew Owen

Personal Ontology - Andrew Brenner

The Mind-Brain Identity Theory - C. V. Borst (ed.)

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Are Souls Intelligible?

Faith Because of Reason 2025-03-24 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Sources:

Historical Dictionary of Metaphysics - Gary S. Rosenkrantz and Joshua Hoffman

Mind, Matter, & Nature - James D. Madden

The Conscious Self - David H. Lund

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Defending Descartess I Think, Therefore I Am

Faith Because of Reason 2025-03-23 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Sources:

Discourse on Method - René Descartes

Cartesian Truth - Thomas C. Vinci

Surplus: Spinoza, Lacan - A. Kiarina Kordela

Personal Ontology - Andrew Brenner

The Conscious Self - David H. Lund

Squaring the Circle in Descartes' Meditations: The Strong Validation of Reason - Stephen I. Wagner

Transcendent Apriorism - Mark Robert Burgess

Descartes - Margaret Dauler Wilson

The Substance of Consciousness - Brandon Rickabaugh and J. P. Moreland

Cogitations - Jerrold J. Katz

Philosopical Works of Descartes, Volume II - René Descartes

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

You Are a Soul: A Comprehensive Defense of Cartesian Dualism

Faith Because of Reason 2025-03-22 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00:00 - Opening
00:00:23 - Introducing the Mind-Body Problem
00:49:49 - The Case for the Existence of the Self
02:00:17 - The Argument From Introspection
02:45:31 - The Modal Argument
05:39:30 - The Knowledge Argument
06:56:12 - Objections and Replies
08:29:10 - Why Not Idealism?

Sources:

Body & Soul - Moreland and Rae
The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism - Loose, Menuge, and Moreland
Philosophy of Mind - Heil
The Metaphysics of Mind - Kenny
In Search of the Soul - Green and Palmer
Matter and Consciousness - Churchland
Philosophy of Mind - Feser
The Nature of Perception - Foster
The Immaterial Self - Foster
Consciousness and the Mind of God - Taliaferro
The Substance of Consciousness - Rickabaugh and Moreland
The Emergent Self - Hasker
Brain-Wise - Churchland
The Waning of Materialism - Koons and Bealer
Contemporary Dualism: A Defense - Lavazza and Robinson
The Rediscovery of the Mind - Searle
The Cambridge Companion to Atheism - Martin
Consciousness and the Existence of God - Moreland
The Unknown God - Kenny
The Agnostic Inquirer - Menssen and Sullivan
The Conscious Self - Lund
Persons and Personality - Peacocke and Gillett
Consciousness Explained - Dennett
Discourse on Method - Descartes
Cartesian Truth - Vinci
Surplus: Spinoza, Lacan - Kordela
Personal Ontology - Brenner
Squaring the Circle in Descartes' Meditations - Wagner
Transcendent Apriorism - Burgess
Descartes - Wilson
Cogitations - Katz
Knowledge, Thought, and the Case for Dualism - Fumerton
Self-Knowledge - Gertler
Perception, Mind, and Personal Identity - Lund
Knowledge, Reality, and Value - Huemer
A Treatise of Human Nature - Hume
The Creation of Self - Farris
Who Are You, Really? - Rasmussen
Philosophical Foundation - Gangadean
Objections to Physicalism - Robinson
A Brief History of the Soul - Goetz and Taliaferro
The Soul Fallacy - Musolino
Natural Signs and Knowledge of God - Evans
The Foundations of Knowledge - McGrew
Descartes’s Dualism - Rozemond
The Engines of the Soul - Hart
Epistemology - McCain
Are We Bodies or Souls? - Swinburne
After Physicalism - Göcke
Mind, Matter, & Nature - Madden
The Image in Mind - Taliaferro and Evans
Skepticism About the External World - Butchvarov
Skepticism and the Veil of Perception - Huemer
The Case for Qualia - Wright
Perception, Realism, and the Problem of Reference - Raftopoulos and Machamer
The Problems of Perception - Hirst
Metaphysical and Epistemological Problems of Perception - Fumerton
Perception - Robinson
Debating Christian Religious Epistemology - DePoe and McNabb
Internalism and Epistemology - McGrew and McGrew
Ontology, Identity, and Modality - Van Inwagen
The View From Nowhere - Nagel
The Problem of Consciousness - McGinn
Frontiers of Consciousness - Weiskrantz and Davies
The Arguments of the Philosophers: Hume - Stroud
Thoughts - Yablo
Consciousness and the Prospects of Physicalism - Pereboom
Mind, Language, and Reality - Putnam
Worlds and Individuals, Possible and Otherwise - Yagisawa
Conceivability and Possibility - Gendler and Hawthorne
What Are We? - Olson
Soul, Body, and Survival - Corcoran
Philosophy of Mind - Kim
Knowledge, Possibility, and Consciousness - Perry
Matter and Sense - Robinson
There’s Something About Mary - Ludlow, Nagasawa, and Stoljar
The Knowledge Argument - Coleman
Acquaintance - Knowles and Raleigh
From the Knowledge Argument to Mental Substance - Robinson
Semantic Externalism - Kallestrup
Consciousness Revisited - Tye
The Mind-Body Problem and Metaphysics - Wier
Kinds of Minds - Dennett
Contradictions - Musacchio
Descartes’ Error - Damasio
Mind - Searle
Measuring the Immeasurable Mind - Owen
The Mind-Brain Identity Theory - Borst
Persons and Minds - Margolis
The Mind-Body Problem - Armstrong
The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mind - McLaughlin, Beckermann, and Walter
Consciousness - Revonsuo
Naturalism - Goetz and Taliaferro
Arguing About the Mind - Gertler and Shapiro
The Science of the Mind - Flanagan
The Soul Hypothesis - Baker and Goetz
The Mind and its Place in Nature - Broad
The Self and its Brain - Popper and Eccles
Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge - Berkeley
A Critical Introduction to the Epistemology of Perception - Hasan
The Subject’s Point of View - Farkas

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Why Not Idealism?

Faith Because of Reason 2025-03-21 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00 - Introduction
01:19 - What is Idealism?
03:19 - Berkeley's Master Argument
08:29 - Quantum Idealism
29:10 - Why I am not an Idealist
39:18 - Conclusion

Sources:

Philosophy of Mind - John Heil

Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge - George Berkeley

A Critical Introduction to the Epistemology of Perception - Ali Hasan

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The Nature of Perception - John Foster

The Case for Qualia - Edmond Wright (ed.)

The Substance of Consciousness - Brandon Rickabaugh and J. P. Moreland

The Subject’s Point of View - Katalin Farkas

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Answering Objections to Substance Dualism

Faith Because of Reason 2025-03-19 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:01:44 - Preliminaries
00:04:37 - The Unintelligibility Objection
00:15:22 - The Psycho-Physical Correlation Objection
00:33:52 - The Interaction Problem
00:49:28 - The Pairing Problem
00:58:25 - The Causal Closure Objection
01:12:40 - The Conservation of Energy Objection
01:31:52 - Conclusion

Sources:

Kinds of Minds: Towards an Understanding of Consciousness - Daniel Dennett

Philosophy of Mind - John Heil

Contradictions: Neuroscience and Religion - José M. Musacchio

The Mind-Boy Problem and Metaphysics - Ralph Stephen Wier

Historical Dictionary of Metaphysics - Gary S. Rosenkrantz and Joshua Hoffman

Mind, Matter, & Nature - James D. Madden

The Conscious Self - David H. Lund

Descartes’ Error - Antonio R. Damasio

Mind: A Brief Introduction - John Searle

Measuring the Immeasurable Mind - Matthew Owen

Personal Ontology - Andrew Brenner

The Mind-Brain Identity Theory - C. V. Borst (ed.)

Philosophy of Mind - Jaegwon Kim

Persons and Minds - Joseph Margolis

The Substance of Consciousness - Brandon Rickabaugh and J. P. Moreland

The Mind-Body Problem - David Armstrong

The Agnostic Inquirer - Sandra Menssen and Thomas D. Sullivan

Consciousness and the Mind of God - Charles Taliaferro

The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Mind - Brian P. McLaughlin, Ansgar Beckermann, and Sven Walter (eds.)

Consciousness: The Science of Subjectivity - Antti Revonsuo

The Waning of Materialism - Robert C. Koons and George Bealer (eds.)

Naturalism - Stewart Goetz and Charles Taliaferro

Arguing About the Mind - Brie Gertler and Lawrence Shapiro (eds.)

The Science of the Mind - Owen Flanagan

Consciousness Explained - Daniel C. Dennett

The Soul Hypothesis - Mark C. Baker and Stewart Goetz (eds.)

The Mind and its Place in Nature - C. D. Broad

The Self and its Brain: An Argument For Interactionism - Karl Popper and John C. Eccles

Knowledge, Thought, and the Case for Dualism - Richard Fumerton

Consciousness and the Existence of God - J. P. Moreland

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

The Knowledge Argument

Faith Because of Reason 2025-03-17 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:
00:00:00 - Introduction
00:01:17 - The Mary Thought Experiment
00:05:00 - Formalizing the Argument
00:06:02 - Defending Premise 1
00:09:47 - Defending Premise 2
00:14:19 - An Alternative Defense of Premise 2
00:21:06 - Objections to Premise 1
00:22:26 - The Phenomenal Concepts Strategy
00:27:54 - Against Semantic Externalism
00:39:10 - Dennett's Objection to Premise 2
00:46:55 - The Ability Hypothesis
00:55:54 - The Acquaintance Hypothesis
01:07:13 - From Property Dualism to Substance Dualism
01:16:23 - Conclusion

Sources:

“Epiphenomenal Qualia,” The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 32, No. 127. (Apr., 1982) - Frank Jackson

Matter and Sense - Howard Robinson

“A Defense of the Knowledge Argument” - John M. DePoe

There’s Something About Mary: Essays on Phenomenal Consciousness and Frank Jackson’s Knowledge Argument - Peter Ludlow, Yujin Nagasawa, and Daniel Stoljar (eds.)

Knowledge, Thought, and the Case for Dualism - Richard Fumerton

The Knowledge Argument - Sam Coleman (ed.)

Acquaintance: New Essays - Jonathan Knowles and Thomas Raleigh (eds.)

From the Knowledge Argument to Mental Substance: Resurrecting the Mind - Howard Robinson

Semantic Externalism - Jesper Kallestrup

Consciousness Explained - Daniel C. Dennett

Phenomenal Concepts and Phenomenal Knowledge - Torin Alter and Sven Walter (eds.)

“A Defense of the Knowledge Argument” Philosophical Studies 93, (1999) - Brie Gertler

Consciousness Revisited: Materialism without Phenomenal Concepts - Michael Tye

The Mind-Body Problem and Metaphysics - Ralph Stephen Wier

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The Modal Argument

Faith Because of Reason 2024-11-30 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:
00:00:00 - Introduction
00:02:01 - The Specter of Skepticism
00:07:10 - Formalizing the Argument
00:12:32 - The Crucial Third Premise
00:13:12 - The Conceivability of Disembodiment
00:17:01 - The Conceivability of Body-Switching
00:26:21 - The Coherence of Idealism
00:31:09 - The Truth of Indirect Realism
00:34:03 - The Time Lag Argument
00:38:10 - The Double Vision Argument
00:44:11 - The Argument From Illusions/Hallucinations
01:05:51 - The Appeal to Evolution
01:13:57 - Taking Stock
01:16:14 - Modal Anti-Realism
01:24:07 - Modal Skepticism
01:27:23 - Conceivability and Possibility
01:50:49 - Modal Epistemology
01:53:08 - Modal Error
02:03:09 - The Circularity Objection
02:17:30 - The Reversibility Objection
02:30:31 - The De Dicto Objection
02:41:19 - Contingent Physicalism?
02:53:32 - Conclusion

Sources:

The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism - Jonathan J. Loose, Angus J. L. Menuge , and J. P. Moreland (eds.)

The Conscious Self - David H. Lund

Descartes’s Dualism - Marleen Rozemond

The Engines of the Soul - W. D. Hart

Consciousness and the Mind of God - Charles Taliaferro

Epistemology: 50 Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Thought Experiments - Kevin McCain

Are We Bodies or Souls? - Richard Swinburne

After Physicalism - Benedikt Paul Göcke (ed.)

Mind, Matter, & Nature - James D. Madden

The Image in Mind - Charles Taliaferro and Jil Evans

Skepticism About the External World - Panayot Butchvarov

Perception, Mind, and Personal Identity: A Critique of Materialism - David H. Lund

Skepticism and the Veil of Perception - Michael Huemer

The Case for Qualia - Edmond Wright (ed.)

Perception, Realism, and the Problem of Reference - Athanassios Raftopoulos and Peter Machamer (eds.)

The Problems of Perception - R. J. Hirst

Metaphysical and Epistemological Problems of Perception - Richard Fumerton

Perception - Howard Robinson

Debating Christian Religious Epistemology - John M. DePoe and Tyler Dalton McNabb (eds.)

Matter and Consciousness - Paul M. Churchland

Knowledge, Thought, and the Case for Dualism - Richard Fumerton

The Waning of Materialism - Robert C. Koons and George Bealer (eds.)

Internalism and Epistemology - Timothy and Lydia McGrew

“The Price of Possibility” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly (1989) - W. D. Hart

Ontology, Identity, and Modality: Essays in Metaphysics - Peter van Inwagen

The View From Nowhere - Thomas Nagel

The Problem of Consciousness - Colin McGinn

Frontiers of Consciousness - Lawrence Weiskrantz and Martin Davies (eds.)

The Arguments of the Philosophers: Hume - Barry Stroud

“Psychology for Armchair Philosophers” Idealistic Studies, Volume 28 (1998) - Timothy McGrew and Lydia McGrew

Thoughts - Stephen Yablo

Consciousness and the Prospects of Physicalism - Derk Pereboom

Mind, Language, and Reality - Hilary Putnam

Worlds and Individuals, Possible and Otherwise - Takashi Yagisawa

Conceivability and Possibility - Tamar Szabo Gendler and John Hawthorne (eds.)

Contemporary Dualism - Andrea Lavazza and Howard Robinson (eds.)

“Conceivability and the Cartesian Argument for Dualism” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 64 (1983) - James Van Cleve

What Are We?: A Study in Personal Ontology - Eric T. Olson

Soul, Body, and Survival - Kevin Corcoran (ed.)

In Search of the Soul - Joel B. Green and Stuart L. Palmer (eds.)

The Substance of Consciousness - Brandon Rickabaugh and J. P. Moreland

A Brief History of the Soul - Stewart Goetz and Charles Taliaferro

“Two Cartesian Arguments for the Simplicity of the Soul” American Philosophical Quarterly 28 (1991) - Dean W. Zimmerman

“Modal Epistemology,” Philosophical Studies 92 (1) (1998) - Peter van Inwagen

Philosophy of Mind 3rd Edition - Jaegwon Kim

Knowledge, Possibility, and Consciousness - John Perry

“A New Objection to A Priori Arguments for Dualism”, American Philosophical Quarterly (1994) - Trenton Merricks

Personal Ontology - Andrew Brenner

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The Argument From Introspection

Faith Because of Reason 2024-11-03 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:
00:00 - Introduction
00:57 - Setting the Stage
03:52 - The First Argument
09:31 - The Second Argument
13:29 - The Intensional Fallacy?
23:26 - Churchland's Attack on Introspection
32:06 - Musolino's Attack on Introspection
35:08 - Fallibilism and the Mental
44:33 - Conclusion

Sources:

The Immaterial Self - John Foster

The Substance of Consciousness - Brandon Rickabaugh and J. P. Moreland

Consciousness and the Mind of God - Charles Taliaferro

The Creation of Self: A Case for the Soul - Joshua R. Farris

Who Are You, Really? - Joshua Rasmussen

Philosophical Foundation - Surrendra Gangadean

Objections to Physicalism - Howard Robinson (ed.)

Matter and Consciousness - Paul M. Churchland

A Brief History of the Soul - Stewart Goetz and Charles Taliaferro

The Soul Fallacy - Julien Musolino

The Conscious Self - David H. Lund

Natural Signs and Knowledge of God - C. Stephen Evans

The Foundations of Knowledge - Timothy J. McGrew

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Do You Exist?: The Case for a Substantive Self

Faith Because of Reason 2024-10-20 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/c/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:
00:00:00 - Introduction
00:02:32 - Skepticism About the Self
00:06:46 - Descartes and "Cogito, Ergo Sum"
00:10:58 - The Overreach Objection
00:14:36 - The Cartesian Circle Objection
00:19:55 - The General Circularity Objection
00:27:00 - The Subject of Experience
00:38:06 - The Thinker's Thoughts
00:43:18 - Persistence Through Time
00:53:24 - The Simplicity of the Self
01:00:33 - The Insignificance of Hume's Inability to Find Himself
01:08:53 - Conclusion

Sources:

“The Self”, Journal of Consciousness Studies 4 (5-6) (1997) - Galen Strawson

Persons and Personality: A Contemporary Inquiry - Arthur R. Peacocke & Grant R. Gillett (eds.)

Consciousness Explained - Daniel C. Dennett

The Conscious Self - David H. Lund

The Metaphysics of Mind - Anthony Kenny

The Substance of Consciousness - Brandon Rickabaugh and J. P. Moreland

Discourse on Method - René Descartes

Cartesian Truth - Thomas C. Vinci

Surplus: Spinoza, Lacan - A. Kiarina Kordela

Personal Ontology - Andrew Brenner

Squaring the Circle in Descartes' Meditations - Stephen I. Wagner

Transcendent Apriorism - Mark Robert Burgess

Descartes - Margaret Dauler Wilson

Cogitations - Jerrold J. Katz

The Philosophical Works of Descartes, Volume II - René Descartes

Knowledge, Thought, and the Case for Dualism - Richard Fumerton

Consciousness and the Mind of God - Charles Taliaferro

The Immaterial Self - John Foster

Self-Knowledge - Brie Gertler

Contemporary Dualism: A Defense - Andrea Lavazza and Howard Robinson (eds.)

Perception, Mind, and Personal Identity: A Critique of Materialism - David H. Lund

Knowledge, Reality, and Value - Michael Huemer

The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism - Jonathan J. Loose, Angus J. L. Menuge, and J. P. Moreland (eds.)

A Treatise of Human Nature - David Hume

“On the Observability of the Self”, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 30, No. 1 (Sep., 1969) - Roderick M. Chisholm

Consciousness and the Existence of God - J. P. Moreland

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The Mind-Body Problem: An Opinionated Introduction

Faith Because of Reason 2024-10-07 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Chapters:
00:00 - Introduction
02:22 - Physicalism
11:04 - Idealism
12:16 - Dualism
17:58 - Outlier Positions?
18:30 - The Modern Revival of Substance Dualism
23:28 - Substance Dualism and Atheism
27:34 - Substance Dualism and Theism
34:06 - Defining Substances
36:44 - Material Substance
42:47 - Immaterial Substances
48:46 - Summary and Conclusion

Sources:

Body & Soul - J. P. Moreland and Scott B. Rae

The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism - Jonathan J. Loose, Angus J. L. Menuge, and J. P. Moreland (eds.)

Philosophy of Mind - John Heil

The Metaphysics of Mind - Anthony Kenny

In Search of the Soul - Joel B. Green and Stuart L. Palmer (eds.)

Matter and Consciousness - Paul M. Churchland

Philosophy of Mind - Edward Feser

The Nature of Perception - John Foster

The Immaterial Self - John Foster

Consciousness and the Mind of God - Charles Taliaferro

The Substance of Consciousness - Brandon Rickabaugh and J. P. Moreland

The Emergent Self - William Hasker

Brain-Wise - Patricia Churchland

The Waning of Materialism - Robert C. Koons and George Bealer (eds.)

Contemporary Dualism: A Defense - Andrea Lavazza and Howard Robinson (eds.)

The Rediscovery of the Mind - John R. Searle

The Cambridge Companion to Atheism - Michael Martin (ed.)

Consciousness and the Existence of God - J. P. Moreland

The Unknown God - Anthony Kenny

The Agnostic Inquirer - Sandra Menssen and Thomas D. Sullivan

The Conscious Self - David H. Lund

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

The Historical Reliability of Acts

Faith Because of Reason 2024-03-13 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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What is the book of Acts? Is it a reliable history of the early church and the life of the apostle Paul? Or is it a rather late, largely fictional retelling of these events? It is safe to say that modern New Testament scholarship strongly favors this latter option. But what if there is compelling evidence telling in favor of the historical reliability of Acts? And if so, what are the ramifications of this evidence for the Christian faith and Christian apologetics? This video will explore these questions arguing that there is excellent evidence for the reliability of the book of Acts and that this fact serves an critical role in making the case for the resurrection of Jesus.

Chapters:

00:00 - Introduction
01:05 - Authorship of Luke-Acts
07:12 - Date of Composition of Luke-Acts
08:09 - Does Luke-Acts Know Josephus?
15:47 - Is Luke-Acts Never Quoted Before 150 AD?
20:36 - When Was Papias Writing?
24:29 - Was Acts Written Before 70 AD?
31:01 - Internal Evidence of Reliability
31:30 - Names, Titles, and Places
35:39 - Correlations with the Pauline Corpus
36:28 - Undesigned Coincidences
38:07 - Conclusion

Sources:

Cynic Sage or Son of God? - Gregory A. Boyd

Preface to Luke - Harold Riley

The Medical Language of St. Luke - William Kirk Hobart

"Lexical Notes on Luke-Acts: II. Recent Arguments for Medical Language" Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 45, No. 1/2 (1926) - Henry J. Cadbury

Evidence and Paul’s Journeys - Jefferson White

Josephus and the New Testament, Second Edition - Steve Mason

Rethinking the Dates of the New Testament - Jonathan Bernier

The Book of Acts in the Setting of Hellenistic History - Colin J. Hemer

Literary Studies in Luke-Acts - Richard P. Thompson and Thomas E. Philips (eds.)

Who Chose the Gospels? - C. E. Hill

“The Date of Papias: A Reassessment” JETS 26/2 (June 1983) - Robert W. Yarbrough

The Three Gospels - Martin Mosse

Hidden in Plain View - Lydia McGrew

youtube.com/watch?v=VE5UOisT8AY&t=1844s

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The Rationality of Belief in Miracles: Answering Hume and his Contemporary Defenders

Faith Because of Reason 2024-02-01 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Is it rational to believe that miracles happen based upon testimony? David Hume famously argued that it is not. But despite over 200 years of steady criticism, there remain a number of philosophers who defend Hume's argument. This video reviews much of the literature surrounding this debate and argues that neither Hume's original argument nor modern reconstructions thereof are successful.

Chapters:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:02:35 - Hume's First Argument
00:10:29 - Are Miracles Violations of Natural Laws?
00:24:28 - Miracles and the Conservation of Energy
00:32:53 - Hume's Misuse of Induction
00:38:34 - Some Quick "Fixes"
00:42:58 - Hume's Second Argument
00:55:14 - Controversy Over the Interpretation of Hume
01:02:10 - J. L. Mackie
01:10:25 - Antony Flew
01:22:15 - Robert Fogelin
01:25:53 - Alexander George
01:33:41 - William L. Vanderburgh
01:38:41- J. H. Sobel
01:48:48 - Arif Ahmed
01:57:28 - Conclusion

Sources:

Hume’s Philosophy of Belief - Antony Flew

‘Of Miracles’ - David Hume

Hume’s Abject Failure: The Argument Against Miracles - John Earman

Hume and the Problem of Miracles: A Solution - Michael P. Levine

Christian Apologetics Second Edition - Norman L. Geisler

The Legitimacy of Miracle - Robert A. Larmer

Philosophy of Religion - Eleonore Stump & Michael Murray (eds.)

Questions of Miracle - Robert A. Larmer (ed.)

Miracles and the Modern Mind - Norman L. Geisler

The Case Against Miracles - John W. Loftus (ed.)

The Problem of Divine Action in the World - Joel Archer

Chaos and Complexity: Scientific Perspectives on Divine Action - Robert John Russell, Nancey Murphy, and Arthur Peacocke (eds.)

The Soul Hypothesis - Mark C. Baker and Stewart Goetz (eds.)

Divine Intervention - Evan Fales

The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology - William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland (eds.)

Water into Wine?: An Investigation of the Concept of a Miracle - Robert A. H. Larmer

David Hume’s Argument Against Miracles: A Critical Analysis - Francis J. Beckwith

“Everlasting check or philosophical fiasco: a response to Alexander George’s interpretation of Hume’s ‘Of Miracles’” (2016) International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 83(1) - Robert A. Larmer

Miracles and the Critical Mind - Colin Brown

A Defense of Hume on Miracles - Robert J. Fogelin

“Review of Robert Fogelin, A Defense of Hume on Miracles,” 2005, Mind, 114 - Timothy McGrew

The Miracle of Theism - J. L. Mackie

Hume, Holism, and Miracles - David Johnson

Reported Miracles: A Critique of Hume - J. Houston

In Defense of Miracles - R. Douglas Geivett and Gary R. Habermas (eds.)

“Miracles” - Timothy J. McGrew https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/miracles/

Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview - J. P. Moreland and William Lane Craig

The Everlasting Check - Alexander George

David Hume on Miracles, Evidence, and Probability - William L. Vanderburgh

Logic and Theism - J. H. Sobel

"Vindicating a Bayesian Approach to Miracles: A Reply to Jordan Howard Sobel," Philosophia Christi 10, no. 1 (2008) - John M. DePoe

The Routledge Companion to Theism - Charles Taliaferro, Victoria S. Harrison, and Stewart Goetz (eds.)

Two Dozen (or so) Arguments For God - Jerry L. Walls and Trent Dougherty (eds.)

Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Religion - Michael L. Peterson and Raymond J. VanArragon (eds)

“Interpretations of Probability” - Alan Hájek
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/probability-interpret/#FreInt

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Has Science Disproved Free Will?

Faith Because of Reason 2024-01-12 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Full Video:
youtube.com/watch?v=2GSIuYlvaHM&t=2055s

Sources:

Living Without Free Will - Derk Pereboom

Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will - Robert M. Sapolsky

Free: Why Science Hasn’t Disproved Free Will - Alfred R. Mele

Free Will and Luck - Alfred R. Mele

Effective Intentions: The Power of Conscious Will - Alfred R. Mele

Mind, Brain, & Free Will - Richard Swinburne

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Is Free Will Random?

Faith Because of Reason 2024-01-10 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Full Video:
youtube.com/watch?v=2GSIuYlvaHM&t=2055s

Sources:

Free Will - Mark Balaguer

Four Views on Free Will - John Martin Fischer, Robert Kane, Derk Pereboom, and Manuel Vagas

Freedom, Teleology, and Evil - Stewart Goetz

Persons & Causes: The Metaphysics of Free Will - Timothy O’Connor

Agent-Causation Revisted - Thad Botham

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

An Abductive Argument For Free Will

Faith Because of Reason 2024-01-07 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Full Video:
youtube.com/watch?v=2GSIuYlvaHM&t=2055s

Sources:

A Pragmatic Approach to Libertarian Free Will - John Lemos

Free Will: Sourcehood and its Alternatives - Kevin Timpe

The Oxford Handbook of Free Will - Robert Kane (ed)

How Reason Can Lead to God - Joshua Rasmussen

Autonomous Agents - Alfred R. Mele

Mind, Brain, & Free Will - Richard Swinburne

Freewill and Determinism - R. L. Franklin

Agent-Causation Revisited - Thad Botham

Persons & Causes: The Metaphysics of Free Will - Timothy O’Connor

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

A Case For Free Will

Faith Because of Reason 2024-01-01 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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In this video, I’m going to bring together some of my thoughts on the topic of free will. I’ve been pondering this issue on and off for the past several years and my perspectives are, in many regards, unique. I hold to an indeterministic conception of free will which would probably be considered libertarian by many although I have developed some reservations about using that term. The plan for this video is as follows: First, I will offer a brief overview of the contemporary options in the free will debate and get some working definitions on the table. I will then present what I take to be the most plausible account of free will, namely an agent-causal account. I will present an original, although not decisive, argument for why we should think that this account is true. Finally I shall address the two most common objections to agent-causal indeterminism. I will explore and reject the idea that this account of free will is incoherent and reduces to random chance. Then I shall critique the notion that scientific developments in neuroscience has shown that our decisions are predetermined.

Chapters:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:02:40 - A Brief Survey of the Landscape
00:10:27 - Event-Causation vs. Agent-Causation
00:14:13 - Defending Agent-Causation
00:23:25 - Simple Indeterminism
00:29:12 - A Modest Argument For Indeterminism
00:32:28 - Defining Determinism and Indeterminism
00:35:45 - Abductive Reasoning 101
00:39:12 - The Phenomenology of Deliberation
00:42:25 - Determinism Entails Additional Complexity
00:46:45 - Objections and Replies
00:51:02 - The Randomness Objection
00:54:23 - The Extended Randomness Objection
01:00:28 - Has Science Disproved Free Will?
01:15:38 - Conclusion

Sources:

Four Views on Free Will - John Martin Fischer, Robert Kane, Derk Pereboom, and Manuel Vagas

Living Without Free Will - Derk Pereboom

Excusing Sinners and Blaming God - Guillaume Bignon

Free Will: Sourcehood and its Alternatives - Kevin Timpe

Freedom and Neurobiology - John R. Searl

Rationality + Consciousness = Free Will - David Hodgson

Thinking About Free Will - Peter van Inwagen

Persons & Causes: The Metaphysics of Free Will - Timothy O’Connor

Libertarian Accounts of Free Will - Randolph Clarke

Aspects of Agency - Alfred R. Mele

A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will - Robert Kane

How Free Are You?: The Determinism Problem - Ted Honderich

A Pragmatic Approach to Libertarian Free Will - John Lemos

The Oxford Handbook of Free Will - Robert Kane (ed)

How Reason Can Lead to God - Joshua Rasmussen

Autonomous Agents - Alfred R. Mele

Mind, Brain, & Free Will - Richard Swinburne

Freewill and Determinism - R. L. Franklin

Agent-Causation Revisited - Thad Botham

Free Will - Mark Balaguer

Freedom, Teleology, and Evil - Stewart Goetz

Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will - Robert M. Sapolsky

Free: Why Science Hasn’t Disproved Free Will - Alfred R. Mele

Free Will and Luck - Alfred R. Mele

Effective Intentions: The Power of Conscious Will - Alfred R. Mele

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Does God Use Circular Reasoning? | All Reasoning is Not Circular | Part 2

Faith Because of Reason 2023-12-23 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Many contemporary Christian epistemologists confidently claim that epistemically circular reasoning must be okay because even God engages in it. They always cite the influential Christian philosopher Alvin Plantinga to support this claim. This video assesses whether or not Plantinga has offered sufficient justification for this conclusion. (Hint: He hasn't.)

Sources:

youtube.com/watch?v=7F3W1BJY7ZU

youtube.com/watch?v=i-cX0JJx-Kw

Warranted Christian Belief - Alvin Plantinga

Resurrecting Old-Fashioned Foundationalism - Michael DePaul (ed.)

Internalism and Epistemology - Timothy McGrew and Lydia McGrew

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Why The Freethinking Argument is Contradictory

Faith Because of Reason 2023-12-21 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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In this excerpt, I argue that the third and fourth premises of Tim Stratton's Freethinking Argument Against Naturalism are incompatible with one another. Watch the full video here: youtube.com/watch?v=Rd6K8unO3rk&t=40s

Sources:

Human Freedom, Divine Knowledge, and Mere Molinism - Timothy A. Stratton

The Foundations of Knowledge - Timothy J. McGrew

Four Views on Divine Providence - Stanley N. Gunry and Dennis W. Jowers (eds.)

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Why I Dont Use The Freethinking Argument | A Critique of Tim Stratton

Faith Because of Reason 2023-12-17 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Do we need libertarian free will in order to think rationally? Is determinism somehow epistemically self-defeating? And if so, then does this provide us with some reason to think that God exists? An apologist by the name of Tim Stratton strong believes so. This video will critically assess his defenses of these claims and argue that they are ultimately unsuccessful. After that, I will develop and defend an argument which will show that one cannot simultaneously affirm both the third and fourth premises of Stratton's argument at the same time.

Chapters:

00:00 - Introduction
03:07 - The Argument
05:17 - Premise 1
08:09 - Premise 2
08:27 - Premise 3: The Key Premise
10:42 - The Genetic Fallacy
13:34 - A Counterexample
18:20 - A Dilemma for Stratton
19:36 - Restriction to Inferential Knowledge?
25:26 - A Plausible Account of Inferential Justification
29:07 - Transcendental Concerns
35:46 - The Incompatibility of Stratton's P3 and P4
46:03 - Conclusion

Sources:

Human Freedom, Divine Knowledge, and Mere Molinism - Timothy A. Stratton

Tim Stratton Exposed: Deviant Scholarship, Mass Deception, Victimhood Rhetoric & Epistemic Vice (Forthcoming) - J. Nehemiah Thompson

Free Will and Epistemology - Robert Lockie

Rationality + Consciousness = Free Will - David Hodgson

“Reason and the Necessity of Libertarian Freedom” - Tim Stratton
freethinkingministries.com/reason-and-the-necessity-of-libertarian-freedom

“A critical review and fairly comprehensive refutation of “Human Freedom, Divine Knowledge, and Mere Molinism” by Timothy A. Stratton” - Guillaum Bignon
theologui.blogspot.com/2020/12/response-to-tim-stratton.html

Epistemic Justification and the Skeptical Challenge - Hamid Vahid

“A Brief Philosophical & Dialectical Inquiry on Mere Molinism: A Compatibilist Reply | Volume 2” - Colton Carlson
https://www.academia.edu/87243295/A_Brief_Philosophical_and_Dialectical_Inquiry_on_Mere_Molinism_A_Compatibilist_Reply_Volume_2

Internalism and Epistemology - Timothy and Lydia McGrew

Transcendental Arguments and Scepticism - Robert Stern

Transcendental Arguments: Problems and Prospects - Robert Stern (ed.)

“Self-Refutation and Self-Defeat” Logique & Analyse 222 (2013) - Jim Slagle

The Foundations of Knowledge - Timothy J. McGrew

Four Views on Divine Providence - Stanley N. Gunry and Dennis W. Jowers (eds.)

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Is The Bible Our Highest Authority?

Faith Because of Reason 2023-12-12 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Many Christians believe that it is wrong to offer unbelievers evidence for the truth of Christianity. In particular, such objections can be found among Christian presuppositional apologists. They argue that the traditional method of apologetics dishonors Scripture by not giving it the respect it is due. The concern is that offering evidence for the truth of Scripture gives evidence a greater weight of authority than Scripture. In this video, I hope to show that the traditional apologist can answer this type of argument in a two-fold fashion. Once we firmly grasp what it means to say that Scripture is one’s highest authority, it will become clear that this belief is not in conflict with presenting evidence for the truth of Scripture. In short, traditional, evidence-based, apologetics is harmonious with the affirmation that Scripture is the Christian’s highest authority.

Chapters:
00:00 - Introduction
03:19 - Two Different Types of Authority
05:04 - Scripture as an Epistemic Authority
07:39 - The Need for Reasons to Believe Putative Authorities
09:44 - Scripture as a Highest Epistemic Authority
11:06 - Evidence is Not an Type of Authority
12:40 - The Underlying Concern
14:56 - Can Evidence be Greater than God?
16:25 - Conclusion

Sources:

youtube.com/watch?v=aQKjUzotw_Y&t=0s

“The Sufficiency of Scripture in Apologetics,” TMSJ 12/1 (Spring 2001) - Michael J. Kruger

The Logic of Religion - J. M. Bocheński

Epistemic Authority - Linda Zagzebski

Evidentialism - Earl Conee and Richard Feldman

Debating Christian Religious Epistemology - John M. DePoe and Tyler Dalton McNabb (eds.)

facebook.com/559090739/videos/256645877418981

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

How Do You Know Your Reasoning is Valid? | All Reasoning is Not Circular | Part 1

Faith Because of Reason 2023-12-10 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Presuppositionalists like Sye Ten Bruggencate like to ask "How do you know your reasoning is valid?" in an attempt to demonstrate that all reasoning is circular. But does this question even make sense? And if it does, are there hidden assumptions within it? In this video, I explore these questions and how one might respond when asked to justify their use of reason.

Sources:

youtube.com/watch?v=aQKjUzotw_Y

facebook.com/559090739/videos/256645877418981

The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God - John M. Frame

Evidentialism - Earl Conee and Richard Feldman

Believing in Accordance with the Evidence - Kevin McCain (ed.)

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

The Argument From Forced-Fulfilled Prophecy

Faith Because of Reason 2023-11-11 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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There are numerous arguments for the historical reliability of the Gospels based upon their contents. These include the accuracy of the Gospel authors with respect to geographical locations and names, as well as local customs, and cultural references. Then there are undesigned coincidences, unnecessary details, unexplained allusions, and unified personalities throughout the Gospels. All of these arguments have in common the idea that certain details within the Gospels are unlikely to have been fabricated because they are difficult to engineer, and correspond to the known characteristics of reliable testimony. Together, they form a powerful abductive argument for the historical reliability of the Gospels. Most of these arguments have already received attention both in writing and in videos. However, there is a further argument which I would add to this repertoire of arguments which has not hitherto been developed in any detail, at least not to my knowledge. I call this the argument from forced-fulfilled prophecy.

Chapters:

00:00 - Introduction
01:29 - The Reality of Forced-Fulfillment
06:05 - A Distinctive Feature of Matthew's Gospel
07:10 - Midrash
09:38 - An Argument For Historical Reliability
13:33 - New Moses Typology?
16:27 - Historicity: The Best Explanation
17:18 - Conclusion

Sources:

Jesus and the Gospels - Craig L. Blomberg

NICNT: The Gospel of Matthew - R. T. France

New Testament Criticism and Interpretation - David Alan Black and David S. Dockery (eds.)

Scripture and Truth - D. A. Carson and John D. Woodbridge (eds.)

Matthew: Evangelist & Teacher - R. T. France

Historical Tradition in the Fourth Gospel - C. H. Dodd

Crucifixion of the Warrior God, Volume 1 - Gregory Boyd

The Setting of the Sermon on the Mount - W. D. Davies

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Why I Dont Use The Argument From Logic (The Lord of Non-Contradiction)

Faith Because of Reason 2023-11-03 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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Many theists have thought that a divine conceptualist account of logic provides the theist with a ready account of the ontology of logic and, as a result, they think that the existence of logic can be used as an argument for theism. The most sophisticated attempt at providing such an argument comes from James N. Anderson and Greg Welty in their 2011 paper “The Lord of Non-Contradiction: An Argument for God from Logic”. I am actually on-board with most of the premises of this argument. However, I think that the chief flaw emerges in a subtle and unjustified inference from necessary truth to necessary existence. This video will explain the argument and the rationale behind each premise, before developing this point as a fundamental objection to the argument from logic.

Chapters:

00:00 - Introduction
01:56 - The Argument From Logic Stated
04:28 - The Laws of Logic are Necessarily True Propositions
07:14 - What About Non-Classical Logics?
09:17 - Necessarily True Propositions Exist in All Possible Worlds
11:55 - The Laws of Logic Exist in All Possible Worlds
12:24 - Propositions are Non-physical and Intentional
14:50 - Non-physical and Intentional Entities are Thoughts
24:20 - The Laws of Logic are Thoughts
24:43 - Mental Entities Exist Within a Mind
24:51 - The Laws of Logic Exist Within a Mind
24:59 - Therefore, God Exists
26:14 - Critique of the Argument
26:38 - Non-Divine Conceptualism: A Proposal
27:29 - The Shareability Objection
30:32 - Tu Quoque?
33:49 - The Epistemic Access Problem For Divine Conceptualism
36:03 - The Metaphysics of Possible Worlds and Necessary Truths
40:05 - Objections to Non-Divine Conceptualism
48:27 - An Alternative Account of Necessary Truth
50:13 - Summary and Conclusion

Sources:

“The Lord of Non-Contradiction: An Argument for God from Logic” Philosophia Christi 13:2 (2011) - James N. Anderson and Greg Welty
proginosko.com/docs/The_Lord_of_Non-Contradiction.pdf

God Over All - William Lane Craig

“An objection to ‘The Lord of Non-Contradiction’” - Graham Seth Moore
grahamsethmoore.wordpress.com/2019/12/04/the-central-fallacy-of-the-the-lord-of-non-contradiction

Two Dozen (or so) Arguments For God: The Plantinga Project - Jerry L. Walls and Trent Dougherty (eds.)

Knowledge, Cause, and Abstract Objects - Colin Cheyne

Universals, Concepts and Qualities - P. F. Strawson and Arindam Chakrabarti (eds.)

Beyond the Control of God? - Paul M. Gould (ed.)

“Problems with the Lord of non-Contradiction” - Alex Malpass
useofreason.wordpress.com/2016/11/12/problems-with-the-lord-of-non-contradiction

youtube.com/watch?v=4qpwVLLebng

The Logiphro Dilemma - James C. McGlothlin

Thoughts - Stephen Yablo

“From Necessary Truth to Necessary Existence,” Polish Journal of Philosophy Volume 7, Issue 1, (2013) - Joshua L. Rasmussen

Warrant and Proper Function - Alvin Plantinga

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

How to Defeat the Argument From Undesigned Coincidences: A Skeptics Guide

Faith Because of Reason 2023-10-25 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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The argument from undesigned coincidences is an argument which is used in tandem with a series of other arguments to present a holistic argument which concludes that the four canonical Gospels represent a generally historically accurate picture of the life and deeds of Jesus. Lydia McGrew served to revive the argument within contemporary apologetics with the publication of her 2017 book Hidden in Plain View. The argument has, of course, sparked a reaction from many skeptics. I would have liked to make a video defending the argument from undesigned coincidences from the criticisms which it has faced. However, after seeing how badly almost all criticisms of the argument misunderstand it, I thought I would try doing something a bit different. In this video, rather than defend the argument from the extremely misguided criticisms which it has faced heretofore, I will instead sketch a strategy for what a successful refutation of this argument would actually look like. The title of this video is somewhat misleading. I am personally persuaded that the argument from undesigned coincidences is a good argument for the historical reliability of the Gospels. As such, I do not think that the response to the argument which I will sketch here can actually be successfully completed. But I am offering it to skeptics in the hopes that, by seeing what it would take to successfully invalidate the argument from undesigned coincidences, they will better understand the argument from undesigned coincidences.

Chapters:

00:00 - Introduction
02:28 - The Logic Behind the Argument
05:20 - Defining and Identifying Undesigned Coincidences
08:25 - Examples of Undesigned Coincidences
13:55 - The Larger Whole Behind the Texts
19:31 - Inference to the Best Explanation
22:15 - The "Divide and Conquer" Strategy
32:45 - A Shortcoming in the Strategy
33:15 - Conclusion

Sources:

Hidden in Plain View - Lydia McGrew

Can We Trust the Gospels? - Peter J. Williams

youtube.com/watch?v=3oFoM1wtNow&t=2779s

youtube.com/watch?v=lpMJhzkCzv8&t=586s

youtube.com/watch?v=Dn6GR4QFLgo&t=7050s

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Making Sense of Old Testament Violence

Faith Because of Reason 2023-10-18 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

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The Old Testament in the Bible contains many very challenging passages for modern Christians. Some of the rules and regulations just seem arbitrary such as the well-known dietary laws prohibiting foods like pork and shellfish, or laws prohibiting the mixing of different types of fabric. Some of these seem very cruel such as commands to stone disobedient children to death and to cut off the hand of a woman who touches a man’s genitals. Some of these passages are actually disturbing such as verses which describe the proper treatment of slaves, and implicitly endorse the acceptability of capturing enemies and turning them into slaves. More troubling still are verses which seemingly approve of capturing enemy women and forcing them to marry Israelite soldiers. And of course, most troubling of all are the commands from God to wipe out the Canaanites including non-combatants like women, children, and even infants. This video will explore these issues and how Christians have responded to the challenges posed by these texts. I will caution against various extremes before proposing what I see as being the most promising way to understand them.

Chapters:

00:00 - Introduction
01:40 - A Brief Autobiography
04:05 - Some "Solutions" Which Don't Work
12:07 - The Redemptive Movement Hermeneutic
21:29 - Forced Marriages and War R@pe
25:54 - The Canaanite Genocide
33:35 - Slavery in the Old Testament
35:45 - Hand Amputation
42:04 - A Final Concern
46:12 - Conclusion

Sources:

Holy War in the Bible - Heath A. Thomas, Jeremy Evans, and Paul Copan (eds)

Show Them No Mercy: Four Views on God and Canaanite Genocide - Stanley N. Gundry (ed)

Did God Really Command Genocide? - Paul Copan and Matthew Flannagan

Is God a Moral Monster? - Paul Copan

Crucifixion of the Warrior God, Volumes 1 and 2 - Gregory A. Boyd

Jesus Loves Canaanites - Randal Rauser

Bloody Brutal and Barbaric? - William J. Webb and Gordon K. Oeste

Slaves, Women, & Homosexuals - William J. Webb

Corporal Punishment in the Bible - William J. Webb

God is a Man of War - Stephen De Young

"Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use."

Why I Dont Use Adam Lloyd Johnsons Moral Argument

Faith Because of Reason 2023-10-07 | Full video:
youtube.com/watch?v=wiVEU6yAVZk&t=5769s

Sources:

Finite and Infinite Goods - Robert Adams

Divine Love Theory - Adam Lloyd Johnson

God & Moral Obligation - C. Stephen Evans

God’s Command - John E. Hare

After Virtue - Alasdair MacIntyre

God & Moral Law - Mark C. Murphy

An Essay on Divine Authority - Mark C. Murphy

Beyond the Control of God - Paul M. Gould, editor

God Over All - William Lane Craig

Robust Ethics - Erik J. Wielenberg

Internalism and Epistemology - Timothy and Lydia McGrew

“Plantinga, Warrant, and Christian Belief” Philosophia Christi Volume 3, Issue 2, (2001) - Richard Fumerton

Why I Dont Use C Stephen Evans Moral Argument

Faith Because of Reason 2023-10-06 | Full video:
youtube.com/watch?v=wiVEU6yAVZk&t=5769s

Sources:

God & Moral Obligation - C. Stephen Evans

Divine Love Theory - Adam Lloyd Johnson

Ethical Intuitionism - Michael Huemer

Why I Dont Use Jerry Walls And David Baggetts Moral Argument

Faith Because of Reason 2023-10-05 | Full video:
youtube.com/watch?v=wiVEU6yAVZk&t=5769s

Sources:

Good God - Jerry Walls and David Baggett

God & Cosmos - Jerry Walls and David Baggett

God Over All - William Lane Craig

God and Necessity - Brian Leftow

Why I Dont Use William Lane Craigs Moral Argument

Faith Because of Reason 2023-10-04 | Click here to support my research: patreon.com/FaithBecauseofReason?utm_medium=unknown&utm_source=join_link&utm_campaign=creatorshare_creator&utm_content=copyLink

Click here to make a one-time donation: paypal.me/davidpallmann?country.x=US&locale.x=en_US

Full video:
youtube.com/watch?v=wiVEU6yAVZk&t=5769s

Sources:

On Guard - William Lane Craig

Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview - J. P. Moreland and William Lane Craig

Robust Ethics - Erik J. Wielenberg

Unreasonable Faith - James Fodor

The Case Against Theism - Raphael Lataster

God? A Debate Between a Christian and an Atheist - William Lane Craig and Walter Sinnott-Armstrong

Morality Without God? - Walter Sinnott-Armstrong

"Debate with Kevin Scharp Part 3” (2016) - William Lane Craig
reasonablefaith.org/media/reasonable-faith-podcast/debate-with-dr.-kevin-scharp-part-3

“Erik Wielenberg’s Metaphysics of Morals,” Philosophia Christi, Volume 20, Issue 2, (2018) - William Lane Craig