Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) - part 2 Dlium 2023-07-30 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=VdwkKG4ydb0#Dlium Enau or aren or moka or sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is a plant species, the most important palm after coconut (Cocos nucifera) in Arecaceae which is a versatile plant, growing to 25 m high and 65 cm in diameter, stems sturdy and at the top wrapped in by black fibers as leaf fronds that surround the stem.A. pinnata has pinnate compound leaves, up to 5 m long with stems up to 1.5 m. Minor leaves such as corrugated ribbon, 7x145 cm, dark green on the top and whitish by a layer of wax on the bottom.The male flowers separate from the female flowers in different cobs that appear in the armpit of the leaf and are up to 2.5 m long. Bullet-shaped fruit for a diameter of 4 cm, has three chambers and three seeds and arranged in chains.Each bunch has 10 or more stalks and each stalk has approximately 50 rows of green or yellowish brown fruit. This fruit cannot be eaten directly because the sap causes severe itching.Aren are easy to grow in tropical Asia, grow wild or planted on slopes or river cliffs at altitudes up to 1,400 m. The sap causes itching, but ripe fruit is preferred by many animals including weasels and wild boar which indirectly function as seed dispersers.Palm sugar is obtained by tapping the male flower bunches that begin to bloom and scatter the yellow pollen. The bunches were first bruised by hitting them for several days until liquid came out from inside. The bunches were then cut and hung at the ends of bamboo tubs to catch any dripping liquid.The sweet liquid is clear to slightly cloudy. This sap does not last long, so the filled casks must be taken immediately to be processed, usually taken twice a day in the morning and evening.The liquid is immediately cooked until it thickens and becomes liquid sugar. This liquid sugar can be added to the jackfruit sap mixture so that the sugar hardens and is molded into chunks. Liquid sugar can also be added with a separating agent such as coconut oil, so that crystal sugar forms.The liquid is also commonly fermented into alcoholic beverages. This drink is obtained by adding one or several types of bark or roots and letting it sit one to several nights. The resulting drink can taste sweet or sour or bitter. If the fermentation process is continued with the addition of other ingredients, it will produce vinegar.The fruit has 2-3 white seed nuclei in a hard, thin shell. Young fruit has a core that is still soft and slightly translucent. Young fruit is burned or boiled to remove the core and then soaked in lime water for several days to remove the sap. Processed seed kernels will be traded in the market as fruit products for mixed drinks, sweets or cooked in various snacks.The leaves are used as a roofing material for houses. The shoots of the leaves that are still buds are also used as cigarette leaves. The leaves are used to wrap palm sugar and durian fruit. These leaves are often spun into rope, while the sticks are used for woven items and brooms.The fibers are spun into strong, durable and seawater-resistant ropes. Palm fiber can also be used as roofing material for houses, brushes and brooms. The fronds and petioles are processed into strong and durable fibers to be used as yarn, fishing line and guitar strings.The inner stem is quite hard and is used as boards, rafters or made into sticks. The middle stem is very soft, usually pounded and processed to produce low quality sago. Stems that are split lengthwise and the center removed can be used as drains. The roots produce fiber for plaiting material, fishing lines and whips.The sap causes itching, but the ripe fruit is liked by many animals, including civets and wild boars.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: ArecalesFamily: ArecaceaeSubfamily: CoryphoideaeTribe: CaryoteaeGenus: ArengaSpecies: Arenga pinnataArabic: نخيل السكرChinese (Simplified): 砂糖椰子Chinese (Traditional): 砂糖椰子Dutch: Arenpalm, Suikerpalm, ZuikerpalmEnglish: Sugar Palm, Gomuti palmGermany: ZuckerpalmeHebrew: דקל סוכרHindi: चीनी हथेलीHong Kong: 砂糖椰子Indonesian: ArenJapanese: サトウヤシJavanese: ruyungKorean: 설탕 야자Nusa Tenggara: moka, moke, tuwa, tuwakPortuguese: Gomuteira, Palmeira-do-açúcarRussian: Сахарная пальмаSasak: belulukSpanish: Palma de azúcarSundanese: kawung, tarenSulawesi: akol, akel, akere, inru, induSumatra: nau, hanau, peluluk, biluluk, kabung, juk, ijukThai: ตาวTurkish: palmiyeLearn more: dlium.com/2019/12/sugar-palm-arenga-pinnata.htmlLocation: Samigaluh, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhizos) - part 2 Dlium 2023-08-09 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=FZJVjb7lm0c#Dlium Sente or bira or giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhizos) is a plant species in Araceae, a large terna that stands upright 1-3 m tall, tube stems and is green or white brown, produces large, edible tubers that are rich in carnohydrate and a plant ornamental.A. macrorrhizos has single leaves, width 0.9-1.8 m, length 0.6-1.2 m, thick and smooth, heart-shaped, curved base and pointed tip, green or blackish green, main bone in the middle and the minor bones go left and right.Flower cranked, cylindrical in shape, appears on the armpits of leaves, 20-30 cm long stems and yellowish white. The fruit has a diameter of 5 cm and is green. The seeds have an elongated round shape, longitudinal grooves and are green in color. Generative and vegetative breeding.Giant taro grows well in areas with lots of sun, clay soil that is rich in organic humus, moist and has a pool of water with a pH of 6.0 to 6.5. Generally it is found wild on the banks of rivers, on the edge of rice fields, ponds and wet places.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: AlismatalesFamily: AraceaeSubfamily: AroideaeTribe: ColocasieaeGenus: AlocasiaSpecies: Alocasia macrorrhizosAcehnese: BirahArabic: بيراAsilulu: hilaAustria: Riesenblättriges PfeilblattBantoanon: badyangBima: WiaChamorro: pigaChinese (Simplified): 热亚海芋Chinese (Traditional): 海芋 - 蘭嶼姑婆芋 - 姑婆芋 - 痕芋頭 - 熱亞海芋Danish: vikingeskjoldDutch: AlocasieEnglish: Giant taro, Elephant Ear, Giant AlocasiaFrench: Alocasie à grandes racinesFrench: Songe caraïbeGerman: Riesenblättriges PfeilblattGuangdong: 海芋Hawaiian: piaHawaiian: ta‘amu, ApeHebrew: בירהHindi: बीराHong Kong: 海芋Ifugao: bilaIlocano, Cebuano and Bikol: bigaIndonesian: BiraJapanese: インドクワズイモJavanese: SenteKilivila and Fijian: viaKorean: 비라Kowiai: firaKwéyòl: malangaLithuanian: Stambiašaknė alokazijaMacao: 海芋Malagasy: viaMalay: birahMaya: ya'ax-tsots-makalMongondow: bigaMotu and 'Are'are: hiraNgaju: bihaPalauan: bísəPalauan: BisechrabelauPolish: alokazja olbrzymiaRote and Tetun: fiaRukai: vi'a or bi'aRussian: Алоказия крупнокорневищнаяSinhala: හබරලSpanish: Hoja pintadaSpanish: PataTaiwan: 蘭嶼姑婆芋Thai: กระดาดTiruray: biraTongan: KapeWuvulu and Aua: piaLearn more: dlium.com/2020/03/giant-taro-alocasia-macrorrhizos.htmlLocation: Loano, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Sleepy morning (Waltheria indica) Dlium 2023-08-07 | #Dlium Sleepy morning (Waltheria indica) is a plant species in the Malvaceae, short-lived subshrub or shrub, up to 2 meters high, stem diameter 2 cm, most common in dry, disturbed and humid habitats, rainfall 750-1800 mm/year and elevation from sea level up to 400 meters.W. indica has a taproot, brown in color and flexible. Stem cylindrical, erect and strong, rising from beneath the soil surface, branched, green or reddish and white-haired.Leaves alternate, narrow, oval or heart-shaped, edge regularly toothed, veins pinnate, wavy, green and white haired. Flowers appear at 6 months of age and bloom less or more until death occurs. Flowers are yellow and produce nectar.This plant is drought tolerant. Generally easy to find in disturbed areas, weeds on roadside areas, cotton fields, rocks, savanna, river banks and forest boundaries.This species contains alkaloids (adouetins X, Y, Y1, Z and cyclopeptid alkaloids), flavonoids (epicatechin, tiliroside, quercetin and kaemperol), sterols, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, saponins and anthraquinones.Plants have analgesia, antianemic, antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Often used to treat mild symptoms of cough and sore throat), complications of asthma and inflammation, diarrhea, malaria, hemorrhoids, cancer, epilepsy, syphilis, infertility, bladder disease, erectile dysfunction and impotence.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: MalvalesFamily: MalvaceaeSubfamily: ByttnerioideaeGenus: WaltheriaSpecies: Waltheria indicaArabic: صباح نعسانAfrikaans: MeidebossieBrazil: Malva-brancaChinese (Simplified): 蛇婆子Chinese (Traditional): 蛇婆子 - 和他草 - 滿地毯 - 草梧桐Czech: walterie obecnáEnglish: Sleepy Morning Hawaiian: ʻuhaloa, ʻalaʻala pu loaHebrew: בוקר ישנוניHindi: नींद भरी सुबहHong Kong: 蛇婆子 - 和他草 - 滿地毯Indonesian: KarianJapanese: コバンバノキKorean: 졸린 아침Macao: 蛇婆子 - 和他草 - 滿地毯Maya: cuaulotilloNahuatl: tzitziquílitlNdebele: isikolanjibaOtomí: tacua oniPortuguese: Malva-brancaRussian: Вальтерия индийскаяSepedi: MokhutaselaShangaan: simbonganaSotho: lexutaselaSouth Africa: MeidebossieSpanish: tapacolaSubiya: idarereTaiwan: 草梧桐Thai: ง่วงนอนแต่เช้าTswana: seretlhwane, seretlwane, motswalakgoro, seretwane, seretlwana, pookhunung, sekoba, serethwane, serathaneZulu: Uqonsi ubangalalaLearn more: dlium.com/2023/08/sleepy-morning-waltheria-indica.htmlLocation: Wuryantoro, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Garden croton (Codiaeum variegatum) - part 3 Dlium 2023-08-06 | Part 2: youtube.com/watch?v=OJQJRUCAtDgPart 1: youtube.com/watch?v=9DBYK7AFUrE#Dlium Variegated croton or garden croton (Codiaeum variegatum) is plant species in Euphorbiaceae, shrubs, evergreen, monoecious, cosmopolitan, leaves have very varied shapes and colors, are widely cultivated as ornamental plants and have hundreds of varieties.C. variegatum grows to a height of 3 m, large evergreen leaves, thick, leathery, shiny, arranged alternately, 5-30 cm long and 0.5-8 cm wide. Strands can be ribbon, lanceolate, oval, elliptical, inverted ovoid and violin-shaped. Colors can be green, yellow, purple and in various patterns.The petiole is 0.2-2.5 cm long. The inflorescences are racemes, 8-30 cm long, the male is white with five small petals and 20-30 stamens, the pollen is oval and 52x32 microns in size. The female flowers are yellowish. The fruit is a capsule, 9 mm in diameter, three seeds with a diameter of 6 mm.Several hundred cultivars are selected and bred for foliage. Milk sap can cause eczema in some people. The bark, roots, sap and leaves are poisonous. The toxin is the chemical compound 5-deoxyingenol. This plant contains oil and is suspected as a carcinogen.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: MalpighialesFamily: EuphorbiaceaeSubfamily: CrotonoideaeTribe: CodiaeaeSubtribe: CodiaeinaeGenus: CodiaeumSpecies: Codiaeum variegatumVariety: Codiaeum variegatum var. genuinum, Codiaeum variegatum var. moluccanum, Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum, Codiaeum variegatum var. cavernicolaForms: Codiaeum variegatum f. angustifolium, Codiaeum variegatum f. crispumPublications :Balakrishnan, N.P. & Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.Chayamarit, K. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). Euphorbiaceae (Genera A-F). Flora of Thailand 8(1): 1-303. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.Murti, Rudi Hari; Purwantoro, Aziz; Kusumaningrum, Monika Andreastuti (2016-04-08). "keragaman molekuler puring (Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A. Juss) dengan penanda RAPD". Vegetalika. 4 (2): 90–99. doi:10.22146/veg.9279. ISSN 2302-7452.Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.Sachet, M.-H. (1983). Takapoto atoll, Tuamotu archipelago: terrestrial vegetation and flora. Atoll Research Bulletin 277: 1-41.Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.Takeuchi, W. (2005). Floristic notes from a holocene successional environment in Papuasia. Harvard Papers in Botany 10: 95-116.Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.Wester, L. (1985). Checklist of the vascular plants of the Northern Line Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin 287: 1-38.Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.Arabic: حديقة كروتونAustria: KrotonBunun: kulutungChinese (Simplified): 变叶木Chinese (Traditional): 變葉木Czech: kodieum pestréDanish: broget codiaeumDominican Republic: CrotónEnglish: Garden croton, Fire croton, Variegated CrotonEstonian: kirjuleheline ebakrootonFinnish: ihmepensasFrench: CrotonGerman: KrotonHebrew: קרוטון גןHindi: गार्डन क्रोटनHong Kong: 變葉木Indonesian: PuringItalian: crotonJapanese: クロトン - ヘンヨウボクKorean: 정원 크로톤Macao: 變葉木Palauan: KesukPolish: Kroton pstry, Trójskrzyn pstryPortuguese: crótonRussian: Кодиеум пёстрыйSpanish: Cola de paloma, Crotón, Crotón asiático de jardínSwedish: krotonThai: โกสนUkrainian: Кодієум строкатийLearn more: dlium.com/2021/08/variegated-croton-codiaeum-variegatum.htmlLocation: Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Saba banana (Musa acuminata ABB Group Saba) Dlium 2023-08-04 | #Dlium Pisang kepok or saba banana (Musa acuminata ABB Group 'Saba') is a cultivar in Musaceae, arising from a completely buried tuber, stem formed as a pseudostem with heaps of leaf sheaths, succulent, erect, very large and strong, 6-9 meters high, 0.91 meter in diameter, dark blue and green in color and produces buds around it.M. acuminata (ABB Group) 'Saba' has elongated leaves, 120 cm long, 45 cm wide, impermeable, a midrib, dark blue and greenish with a powdery coating.Inflorescences grow horizontally or obliquely from the end of the stem. The female flowers are near the base and develop into fruit, the male flowers are on the uppermost bud and form buds between the leathery bracts. The fruits grow in a bunch.The fruit is square and angular, 8-13 cm long and 2.5-5.5 cm in diameter. The skin is very thick, strong and flexible like rubber. The flesh is white and starchy. Seeds are very small or have no seeds.The fruit is ready to be harvested 150-180 days after flowering, longer than other banana varieties. Each plant has a yield potential of 26-38 kg per bunch. Typically, a group has 16 hands with each hand having 12 to 20 fingers.Saba banana grows best in fertile, well-drained soil with full sun exposure. This variety is tolerant of dry soil and cooler temperate climates. minimum rainfall and survive the long dry season. This variety also has good resistance to Sigatoka leaf spot disease.Fruit is often boiled or fried or baked or processed into various dishes. The fruit can also be eaten raw, whole or chopped and added to desserts and fruit salads. All bananas contain natural sources of three sugars namely sucrose, fructose and glucose.Dark red flowers are cooked as a vegetable. The waxy green leaves are used as a wrap for dishes. Fiber can also be extracted from stems and leaves to make rope, mats and sacks. Saba is also cultivated as an ornamental plant and a shade tree because of its large size and striking color.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: ZingiberalesFamily: MusaceaeGenus: MusaSpecies: Musa acuminataCultivar: Musa acuminata (ABB Group) 'Saba'Publications: Michel H. Porcher (2010). Sorting Musa names. The University of Melbourne.Arabic: موز ساباBali: Biu sabaChinese (Simplified): 沙巴香蕉Chinese (Traditional): 沙巴香蕉English: Saba bananaFilipina: Saba, Sab-a, CardabaHebrew: בננה סבאHindi: सबा केलाIlocano: DippigIndonesian: Pisang KepokJapanese: サババナナKorean: 사바바나나Malay: Pisang Nipah, Pisang AbuThai: กล้วยหินLearn more: dlium.com/2023/08/saba-banana-musa-acuminata-abb-group_4.htmlLocation: Banyuasin, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Temuyang (Phrynium pubinerve) - part 4 Dlium 2023-08-03 | Part 3: youtube.com/watch?v=nUh-W6JzS9APart 2: youtube.com/watch?v=j2oAccQjwSYPart 1: youtube.com/watch?v=9aMpr4pEYvs#Dlium Temuyang (Phrynium pubinerve) is a species of plant in the Marantaceae, erect herbaceous, forming dense bush colonies, up to 2 meters high, green, roots forming tubers, growing in shady places on the tropical forest floor, agricultural lands and abandoned places.P. pubinerve has petiole cylindrical, erect and sturdy, emerging from the ground, up to 1.5 meters long, green, sometimes splitting to form linear branches ending with two leaves.Strands appear at the tip of the stalk, oblong to elongated, up to 50 cm long, pointed tip, margins flat, a major vein in the middle with many minor veins penetrating, upper side dark green and shiny, underside pale green.The flowers are in nodules, appear on the petiole and are tightly packed, The fruits are oval, red in color, contain 2-4 seeds and open when ripe. The seeds are rectangular and gray in color.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: ZingiberalesFamily: MarantaceaeGenus: PhryniumSpecies: Phrynium pubinervePublications :Ardiyani, M., Poulsen, A.D., Suksathan, P. & Borchsenius, F. (2010). Marantaceae in Sulawesi. Reinwardtia 13: 213-220.Blume, 1827 In: Enum. Pl. Javae : 38Govaerts, R. (2004). World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS: 1-54382. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2014). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist"Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.) (2008). Flora of Thailand 9(2): 91-188. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.Suksthan, P. & Borchsenius, F. (2005 publ. 2006). Nomenclatural synopsis of Marantaceae in Thailand. Taxon 54: 1083-1090.Suksthan, P., Madulid, D.A. & Borchsenius, F. (2010). Marantaceae in the Philippines. Taiwania 55: 28-36.Arabic: تيمويانغChinese (Simplified): 柊叶 -毛脉柊叶Chinese (Traditional): 柊葉English: TemuyangHebrew: טמויאנגHindi: तेमुयांगHongkong: 柊葉Indonesian: TemuyangJapanese: テムヤンKorean: 테무양Thai: เตมูยางLearn more: dlium.com/2021/12/temuyang-phrynium-pubinerve.htmlLocation: Kaliangkrik, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Gods crown (Phaleria macrocarpa) - part 2 Dlium 2023-08-02 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=p1GLjZzK6MM#Dlium Mahkota dewa or God's crown (Phaleria macrocarpa) is a plant species in Thymelaeaceae, a dense tree, taproot and yellow, cylindrical stem, rough, gummy surface, brown bark, many branches and sympodial, white wood.P. macrocarpa leaves sit opposite each other, oval in shape, pinnate veins, smooth surface, green in color, pointed tip, flat margin, 7-10 cm long and 3-5 cm wide. Compound flowers, long trumpet-shaped, green and white to maroon in color, grow spread out from the main stem to the branches.Eclipse-shaped fruit, 3 cm in diameter, green when unripe and red when ripe. Poisonous white round pit. Each fruit has 1-2 seeds, oval, brown and anatropic per fruit. Crown gods grow at an elevation of 10-1200 meters with a productive age of 10-20 years.This plant contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic hydroquinones, tannins, steroids, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.Plants are used as a detoxifier to neutralize toxins in the body, a source of antibacterial and antiviral, boost the immune system, increase vitality, reduce blood sugar levels, reduce blood clotting.Promote blood circulation throughout the body and prevent blockages in blood vessels, reduce cholesterol levels and reduce fat accumulation on blood vessel walls, reduce levels of risk of coronary heart disease. Contains anti-inflammatory, helps reduce pain in case of bleeding or swelling and antihistamines.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: MalvalesFamily: ThymelaeaceaeGenus: PhaleriaPhaleria: macrocarpaPublications :Altaf, Rabia; Asmawi, MohammadZaini Bin; Dewa, Aidiahmad; Sadikun, Amirin; Umar, MuhammadIhtisham (2013). "Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. extracts". Pharmacognosy Reviews. 7 (1): 73. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.112853. PMC 3731883. PMID 23922460Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1960-1972). Flora Malesiana 6: 1-1023. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.Arabic: تاج اللهChinese (Simplified): 上帝的王冠Chinese (Traditional): 上帝的王冠English: God's crown, Crown of GodHebrew: כתר אלוהיםHindi: भगवान का मुकुटIndonesian: Mahkota dewa, obat dewa, pau, boh anggota dewanJapanese: 神の冠Javanese: Makuta dewa, Makuto mewo, Makuto ratu, Makuto rojoKorean: 신의 왕관Melayu: SimalakamaThai: มงกุฎของพระเจ้าLearn more: dlium.com/2023/04/gods-crown-phaleria-macrocarpa.htmlLocation: Samigaluh, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Spinyhead sida (Sida acuta) Dlium 2023-08-01 | #Dlium Galunggung or common wireweed or spinyhead sida (Sida acuta) is a plant species in the Malvaceae, erect herbaceous, cylindrical stems, branched, dense, green, white-haired, growing in forests, agricultural land, waterways and roadsides.S. acuta has alternately seated leaves with stalks much shorter than blades. Leaves are simple in shape, lanceolate to linear, rarely ovate to oblong, obtuse at base, taper at apex, margins serrated and widely spaced.Small flowers, disc-shaped, grow in the axils, 2-3 items in a cluster. Centrally jointed stalk, no epicalix, complete, bisexual, regular, actinomorphic, hypogynous, pentamer and yellow.Sepal five-part, gamosepalous, campanulate, slightly accressed, persistent, valvate. Petals five-part, polypetalous but slightly connate below and connected by staminal columns, crooked.Stamens numerous, monadelphous, arranged in staminal columns. Stamina column shorter than calyx, divided above into many filaments, anthers monothecous, reniform, basifixed, short filaments, extrorse. The pollen grains are globose with spikes, about 90 microns in size.Carples of five items, syncarpous, ovary superior, penta or multilocular with axile placentation, one ovule in each locule. Stigma round, according to the number of carpels. A schizocarpic pepperrp, 1 seed in each pepperrp.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: MalvalesFamily: MalvaceaeSubfamily: MalvoideaeTribe: MalveaeGenus: SidaSpecies: Sida acutaSubspecies: Sida acuta ssp. acutaArabic: سبينهيد سيداBengali: বেরেলাChinese (Simplified): 黄花棯 Chinese (Traditional): 黃花稔 - 細葉金午時花 English: Common wireweed, Spinyhead SidaGujrati: બાલા, જંગલી મેંથીHebrew: סידה מחודדת Hong Kong: 黃花稔Indonesian: GalunggungJapanese: ホソバキンゴジカ Korean: 가시머리 사이다Hindi: करेटाKannada: ವಿಷಕಡ್ಡಿKwéyòl: balyé wonzèMacao: 黃花稔Malayalam: മലത്തണ്ണിMarathi: चिकनाMaya: ch'chibéNahuatl: alahuaxipahuasPalauan: KeakPortuguese: Reloginho, RelógioRussian: Грудника остраяSanskrit: बालाSinhala: ගස්බැවිලSpanish: EscobaTaiwan: 細葉金午時花Tamil: மலைதாங்கிTelugu: నేలబెండThai: หญ้าขัดใบยาวLearn more: dlium.com/2023/08/spinyhead-sida-sida-acuta.htmlLocation: Banyuasin, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Señorita banana (Musa acuminata AA Group Señorita) Dlium 2023-07-29 | #Dlium Pisang mas or señorita banana (Musa acuminata AA Group 'Señorita') is a cultivar in Musaceae, a banana with a cylindrical shape and bright yellow skin when ripe, one of the banana cultivars with the shortest fruit and has small seeds or no seeds.M. acuminata (AA Group) 'Señorita' emerged from a completely buried tuber. Stem formed as a pseudostem with heaps of leaf sheaths and succulent, soft, up to 2.5 m high, 42 cm girth at 1 m high. The pseudo stem is green and shiny with a pink-purple base color.The leaf blade is elongated, waxy with a stalk that is sometimes bordered from pink-purple to red, 120 cm long, 45 cm wide and impermeable.The inflorescences hang vertically with red-purple bracts which are yellow or green on the inner surface. Yellow male flowers. The plants start to flower about 231 days after planting. The period from flowering to harvest is 40 days.The fruit is 8.5 cm long, 3.4 cm wide, straight with rounded cross section and bottle-necked apex. The fruit is bright green and turns bright yellow when ripe. The skin is very thin and cracks easily when overcooked. Trees often break their own stems as the fruit ripens.The fruit flesh has a very sweet and tender taste. It is generally always eaten fresh right away because of its fragility which makes it difficult to store or transport over long distances. Fruit is also rarely processed or used in cooking. All bananas contain natural sources of three sugars namely sucrose, fructose and glucose.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: ZingiberalesFamily: MusaceaeGenus: MusaSpecies: Musa acuminataCultivar: Musa acuminata (AA Group) 'Señorita'Publications:Michel H. Porcher (2010). Sorting Musa names. The University of Melbourne.Arabic: سينوريتا الموزChinese (Simplified): 香蕉小姐Chinese (Traditional): 香蕉小姐English: Señorita bananas, Cuarenta dias, Forty day bananaFilipino: Monkoy, Sarot-sut, Cariños, Cariñosa, Arnibal, Inarnibal, LunsuranonHebrew: בננה סניוריטהHindi: सेनोरिटा केलाIndonesian: Pisang Mas, Pisang LampungJapanese: セニョリータバナナKorean: 세뇨리타 바나나Malay: Pisang Empat Puluh HariThai: กล้วยหอมLearn more: http://www.dlium.com/2023/07/senorita-banana-musa-acuminata-aa-group.htmlLocation: Banyuasin, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Apa apa (Flemingia macrophylla) Dlium 2023-07-28 | #Dlium Apa apa (Flemingia macrophylla) is a plant species in Fabaceae, woody shrub, perennial, deep-rooted, erect, 0.6-2.4 meters high, flat or triangular stems, green or brown or gray in color and white or brown hair.F. macrophylla has trifoliate leaves with long stalks and hairs. Leaflets are thin, elongated oval in shape, the tip is sharp, upper surface is dark green and glabrous, lower surface is gray and hairy.Spicate-racemose or paniculate dense flowers and bracts foliaceous or dry, persistent or deciduous. Pods are turn brown when ripe. Cracked pods, generally with 2 seeds in the vessel. Seeds are round, 2–3 mm in diameter, and shiny black.This species grows in shrubs, forests, meadows, forest edges and the like. Mostly seen under trees along streams and in meadows, in clay and lateritic soils.This plant is tolerant of light shade and can survive fires. Tolerant of long dry spells and very poor soils with waterlogging. Grows on a wide range of soils in the pH range of 4-8 and highly soluble aluminum (80% saturation). Rainfall 1100-3500 mm/year. Flowering all year round.The plant is used in a variety of weed control and soil protection and erosion control practices. Often used to shade young coffee and cocoa plants.Extracts this plant have been used to treat rheumatism, female reproductive organs, skin care and anti-oxidants. The active compounds Flemingin P and Flemingin Q from the leaves have anti-breast cancer cell activity (4T1 and T47D cells). The leaves inhibit the growth of cancer cells from the early stages of metastasis to apoptosis.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: FabalesFamily: FabaceaeSubfamily: FaboideaeTribe: PhaseoleaeSubtribe: CajaninaeGenus: FlemingiaSpecies: Flemingia macrophyllaPublications :Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.Du Puy, D.J., Labat, N.-N., Rabevohitra, R., Villiers, J.-F., Bosser, J. & Moat, J. (2002). The Leguminosae of Madagascar: 1-737. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Evenhuis, N.L. & Eldredge, L.G. (eds.) (2012). Records of the Hawaii biological survey for 2011. Part II: plants. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 1-102.Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS E-F: 1-50919.Herrera, K., Lorence, D.H., Flynn, T. & Balick, M.J. (2010). Checklist of the Vascular plants of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia with local names and uses. Allertonia 10: 1-204.Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Lepschi, B. & Monro, A. (Project Coordinators) (2014). Australian Plant Census (APC) Council of Heads of Australian Herbaria.Lock, J.M. & Ford, C.S. (2004). Legumes of Malesia a Check-List: 1-295. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Lock, J.M. & Heald, J. (1994). Legumes of Indo-China a check-list: 1-164. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Lock, J.M. (1989). Legumes of Africa a check-List: 1-619. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Mattapha, S. & al. (2021). New records and synonymisations of Flemingia (Fabaceae: Phaseoleae) for Thailand, Laod and Myanmar. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 49: 76-87.Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.Ranasinghe, S. & al. (2020). The national red list 2020 - Conservation status of the flora of Sri Lanka: 1-254. Biodiversity secretariat, Ministry of environment and the national herbarium.Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).Zhu, X.Y., Zhang, R.P. & He, Y.L. (eds.) (2021). An inventory of legume species diversity of Myanmar: 1-297. China Minzu university press.Arabic: الحروب - واراس Chinese (Simplified): 大叶千斤拔Chinese (Traditional): 大葉千金拔 - 大葉佛來明豆English: Apa apaFilipino: Apa apa, laclay-guinan, gewawini, malabalatongHebrew: אפה אפהHindi: आपा आपाIndonesian: Apa apa, kepokanJapanese: アパアパKorean: 아파아파Malay: Apa apa, beringanThai: อาปา อาปา - มหานก - ขมิ้นนาง - ขมิ้น ลิงVietnamese: tóp mo'láto, cây dau ma, cai duoi chon, tosp mow lastoLearn more: dlium.com/2023/07/apa-apa-flemingia-macrophylla.htmlLocation: Kaliangkrik, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) - part 2 Dlium 2023-07-27 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=7EV2WRK3gIE#Dlium Nanas or Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a species of tropical plant in Bromeliaceae, low habitus and grows up to 1.5 m, annual herb, has about 30 or more leaves that are long, hard and waxy, spiny and sharp-pointed, arranged in a rosette and surrounding thick stem.Pineapple fruit as sold by people is not a true fruit, but a combination of up to 200 true flowers that can be seen from every 'scales' on the skin which are combined together with cob (spadix) or compound flowers into a large 'fruit'.Hummingbird is a natural pollinator for this plant, although various insects also have a similar role. The A. comosus cultivated by people has lost the ability to reproduce sexually, but they develop young plants using the 'crown' part of the fruit as a means of vegetative propagation.Raw pineapple pulp is 86% water, 13% carbohydrates, 0.5% protein, and contains negligible fat (table). In a 100-gram reference amount, raw pineapple supplies 50 calories, and is a rich source of manganese (44% Daily Value, DV) and vitamin C (58% DV), but otherwise contains no micronutrients in significant amounts.Pineapple is prepared and sold on the side of the road as a fresh fruit snack. The crushed fruit is used in yogurt, jam, preserves, ice cream and vinegar. Juice is served as a drink and the main ingredient in cocktails.Pineapple is traditionally used to inhibit tumor growth, fight free radicals, lose weight, treat worms, sprains, boils, itching, inflammation of the skin, acne, dandruff, constipation, beriberi, burns, diabetes, sore throat, digestive disorders and has activity as an antifungal.Leaves are a source of traditional piña fiber, an adaptation of the original weaving tradition with fiber extracted from abacá. It is woven into a sheer, lustrous lace-like cloth which is usually decorated with intricate floral embroidery. They are loved for their light and breezy qualities, which are ideal in hot tropical climates.Phylum: TracheophytaSubphylum; AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: PoalesFamily: BromeliaceaeSubfamily: BromelioideaeGenus: AnanasSpecies: Ananas comosusVariety: Ananas comosus var. bracteatus, Ananas comosus var. comosus, Ananas comosus var. erectifolius, Ananas comosus var. microstachys, Ananas comosus var. parguazensisAceh: AnesArabic: أناناسArgentina: AnanásAustria: AnanasBatak: Henas, Kenas, Honas, HanasBrazil: AbacaxiBunun: bunglaiChinanteco: huChinese (Simplified): 菠萝Chinese (Traditional): 菠蘿 - 鳳梨Czech: ananasovník chocholatýDanish: almindelig ananasEnglish: pineappleEsperanto: ananasoFrench: AnanasGerman: AnanasGuangdong: 菠蘿 - 鳳梨Guaymí: múyaHawaiian: Hala kahiki, Hala-kahiki, Hala-'aiHebrew: אננסHindi: अनन्नासHong Kong: 菠蘿 - 鳳梨Huasteco: chabchamhuitzIndonesian: Nanas, NenasItalian: Ananas, AnanassoJapanese: パイナップルKorean: 파인애플Kwaza: babaɨkaloLacandón: pachLuxembourgish: AnanasMacao: 菠蘿 - 鳳梨Minangkabau: NanehMixe: mutsaijkillNahuatl: Majtzajtli, MatzahtliPalauan: OngolngebardPolish: Ananas jadalnyPortuguese: Ananás, AbacaxiRussian: Ананас настоящийSinhala: අන්නාසිSpanish: Piña, AnanásSunda: Ganas, DanasTaiwan: 菠蘿 - 鳳梨Thai: สับปะรดTotonaco: a'ca'xca'Turkish: ananasUkrainian: Ананас звичайнийZapoteco: toba-quelaZoque: tzicuitLearn more: dlium.com/2019/07/pineapple-ananas-comosus.htmlLocation: Samigaluh, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Pink hibiscus (Hibiscus indicus) Dlium 2023-07-25 | #Dlium Waru pink or pink hibiscus (Hibiscus indicus) is a species of plant of the Malvaceae, upright shrub, up to 3 meters high but usually only 1 meter, woody stems, branched, young stems are green, white hair and old stems are brown.H. indicus has leaves with stalks 6-11 cm and white hair. Leaves heart-shaped, 10-15 cm long, 8-12 cm broad, palmately, at least 3-5 lobes, thick and leathery, green in color, white hairs, serrated edges and 5 main veins.Flowers solitary, axillary on upper branches, disc-shaped, leaf sheaths hairy green and white. The crown is reddish-white or pink and the center is brown. The pollen is yellow, the pollen stalk is white with a dark red tip.These plants sometimes form colonies, growing in forests, agricultural land, rocky to clay soils, elevations of 700-2000 meters and drought resistant.Kingdom PlantaePhylum TracheophytaSubphylum AngiospermaeClass MagnoliopsidaOrder MalvalesFamily MalvaceaeSubfamily MalvoideaeTribe HibisceaeGenus HibiscusSpecies: Hibiscus indicusVariety: Hibiscus indicus var. integrilobusPublications :Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.Hammel, B.E. & al. (eds.) (2007). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, volumen VI, Dicotyledóneas (Haloragaceae-Phytolaccaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 111: 1-933. Missouri Botanical Garden.Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 12: 1-534. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).Xuyên, Đ.T. (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 14: 1-314. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội.Arabic: الكركديه الورديChinese (Simplified): 粉红芙蓉Chinese (Traditional): 粉紅芙蓉English: Pink hibiscusHebrew: היביסקוס ורודHindi: गुलाबी हिबिस्कसIndonesian: Waru PinkJapanese: ピンクのハイビスカスKorean: 핑크 히비스커스Thai: ชบาสีชมพูLearn more: dlium.com/2023/07/pink-hibiscus-hibiscus-indicus.htmlLocation: Kaliangkrik, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Asian spiderflower (Cleome viscosa) Dlium 2023-07-24 | Asian spiderflower (Cleome viscosa) is a species of plant in the Cleomaceae, an annual herbaceous plant, up to 1 meter high, thick and hairy stems, cylindrical in shape, widely grown in warm and humid habitats.C. viscosa has leaves with long petioles 1.5-4.5 cm and glandular hairs. The leaf blade is three-fingered, ovate to oblanceolate-elliptic, 2-6 cm long, 0.5-3.5 cm wide, green and hairy.Yellow flowers with four crowns. The capsule is dehiscing only partially from apex to base, 30-100 mm long, 2-4 mm wide and glandular haired. Seeds are light brown, 1.2-1.8 × 1-1.2 mm and finely serrated transversely.Crushed leaves are used to prevent beetle attacks. The leaves are used externally for wounds and ulcers. The juice of the leaves is used as a medicine to remove pus from the ear. The seeds are anthelmintic and carminative.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: BrassicalesFamily: CleomaceaeGenus: CleomeSpecies: Cleome viscosaArabic: زهرة العنكبوت الآسيويةChinese (Simplified): 黄花草Chinese (Traditional): 向天黃 - 黃花草Dominican Republic: Jitomate, Frijol cimarrón, TabaquilloEnglish: Asian spiderflower, mustard bush, tickweed, dog mustardHebrew: פרח עכביש אסייתיHindi: एशियाई मकड़ी का फूलHong Kong: 黃花草Indonesian: Gulma KutuJapanese: キバナフウチョウソウKorean: 아시아 스파이더 플라워Macao: 黃花草Queensland: tickweedRussian: Клеоме клейкаяSpanish: Cola de rata, Jitomate, Frijol cimarrón, TabaquilloTaiwan: 向天黃 - 黃花草Thai: ผักเสี้ยนผีLearn more: dlium.com/2023/07/asian-spiderflower-cleome-viscosa.htmlLocation: Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo Bandoro
White-spotted tree skink (Lamprolepis leucosticta) Dlium 2023-07-22 | #Dlium White-spotted tree skink (Lamprolepis leucosticta) is a species of animal in Scincidae, an arboreal lizard, cylindrical in shape, brown back with white spots, bright green belly, cylindrical tail and spends time on tree trunks.L. leucosticta has black and white eyes. The top line is yellow and the bottom line is black. The legs are brown with white spots. The fingers are long and end in long, curved fingernails.The tail is long, cylindrical and brown with white spots. These lizards live in trees in forests, farmlands, parks and urban areas.Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: VertebrataClass: ReptiliaOrder: SquamataSuborder: SauriaFamily: ScincidaeSubfamily: LygosominaeGenus: LamprolepisSpecies: Lamprolepis leucostictaArabic: سقنق شجرة بيضاء مرقطةChinese (Simplified): 白斑树石龙子Chinese (Traditional): 白斑樹石龍子English: White-spotted tree skinkHebrew: עור עץ לבן כתמיםHindi: सफ़ेद-धब्बेदार वृक्ष स्किंकIndonesian: Kadal Lurik, Kadal Pohon LurikJapanese: シロホシトカゲKorean: 흰점박이나무껍질Thai: จิ้งเหลนด่างขาวLearn more: dlium.com/2023/07/white-spotted-tree-skink-laprolepis.htmlLocation: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Golden sida (Sida javensis) Dlium 2023-07-21 | #Dlium Golden sida or Java golden flower noon (Sida javensis) is a plant species in the Malvaceae, annual herbaceous plant, grows flat on the ground, up to 70 cm long, rooted in nodes, green stems, branched, grows on forest floor, agricultural land and roadside.S. javensis has leaves with long stalks, green and seated alternately. Strands ovate to heart-shaped, green, about 3 cm long, split at base, sharp to rounded ends and serrated edges.Disc-shaped flowers, yellow, solitary and formed in the leaf axils. Round fruit. This species is similar to Sida cordata, differences found in this species are the much sparser, not viscid, indumentum on the stems, stems that root adventitiously at the nodes, the glabrous filament tube and the 2-awned mericarps.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: MalvalesFamily: MalvaceaeSubfamily: MalvoideaeTribe: MalveaeGenus: SidaSpecies: Sida javensisPublications :Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.Blume, Carl Ludwig. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch IndiëDarbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.Kuo, M.L. (ed.) (2012). Flora of Taiwan, ed. 2, Suppl.: 1-414. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Second Edition, National Taiwan University.Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.Thiombiano, A., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Ouédraogo, A., Hahn, K. & Zizka, G. (2012). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Burkina Faso. Boissiera 65: 1-391.Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.Verdcourt, B. & Mwachala, G.M. (2009). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Malvaceae: 1-170.Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 12: 1-534. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).Xuyen, D.T. (2013). A synopsis of tribe Abutileae from Vietnam. Thai Journal of Botany 5: 143-169.Xuyên, Đ.T. (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 14: 1-314. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội.Arabic: سيدا الذهبيةChinese (Simplified): 金丝达Chinese (Traditional): 金絲達English: Java golden flower noon, Java golden flower, Java golden sida, Golden sidaHebrew: צד זהבHindi: सुनहरा सीडाIndonesian: Sida JawaJapanese: ゴールデンシダKorean: 골든 사이다Thai: สีดาสีทองLearn more: dlium.com/2023/07/golden-sida-sida-javensis.htmlLocation: Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Coralbush (Jatropha multifida) - part 2 Dlium 2023-07-20 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=NARiRTcztbIDlium Jarak tinkir or coralbush (Jatropha multifida) is a plant species in Euphorbiaceae, a shrub with gummy stems, grows wild in forests and agricultural land, is widely used as an ornamental plant and has medicinal properties used to treat wounds as an anti-infection.J. multifida grows up to 3 meters, stems erect, thick, has branches, the surface has traces of stalk marks, green bark when young and dark brown bark, thin with a green inner layer when old.The leaves have long, tubular stalks, are green or yellow in color and grow piled at the top of the stem arranged in a circle. The petiole ends at a leaf that extends to form an umbrella.The leaf blade consists of 7-11 fingers formed by a bone in the center with several lateral veins. The fingers have a large tooth on the side or not, a pointed tip, the upper surface is dark green, the lower surface is light green.The flowers grow in panicles at the end of the stem, have long and erect stalks. The flowers are branched and red with yellow tips. The fruit, growing in the center of the flower, is round with several angles, is green and ripe is bright yellow in color.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: MalpighialesFamily: EuphorbiaceaeGenus: JatrophaSpecies: Jatropha multifidaPublications:Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.Balakrishnan, N.P. & Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun.Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.Chakrabarty, T. & Balakrishnan, N.P. (2009). The family Euphorbiaceae in Sikkim state, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 483-539.Dehgan, B. (2012). Flora Neotropica, Monograph 110: 1-273.Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.Evenhuis, N.L. & Eldredge, L.G. (eds.) (2012). Records of the Hawaii biological survey for 2011. Part II: plants. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 113: 1-102.Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.Florence, J. (1997). Flore de la Polynésie Française 1: 1-393. ORSTOM éditions, Paris.Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.van Welzen, P.C. & Chayamarit, K. (2007). Flora of Thailand 8(2): 305-592. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.Arabic: كورالبوشBalinese: Jarak dokterChinese (Simplified): 红珊瑚Chinese (Traditional): 細裂珊瑚油桐Czech: dávivec mnohodílnýDanish: almindelig purgernødEnglish: Coralbush, Coral plant, Physic nutFrench: Sept branches du dragonHebrew: יטרופית מחולקתHindi: कोरलबुशIndonesian: Jarak tinkir, Tanaman Betadin, Tanaman YodiumJapanese: モミジバアブラギリKorean: 코랄부시Lithuanian: Skiltėtasis braivėlisPortuguese: MertiolateRussian: Ятрофа ветвистаяSpanish: Planta de coral, Tartago emético, PeregrinaThai: ฝิ่นต้นLearn more: dlium.com/2020/12/coralbush-jatropha-multifida.htmlLocation: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Red banana (Musa acuminata AAA Group Red Dacca) Dlium 2023-07-18 | #Dlium Pisang genderuwo or red banana (Musa acuminata AAA Group 'Red Dacca') is a cultivar in Musaceae, bananas with reddish-purple skin, some smaller and plumper or larger than the common cavendish, flesh having a cream to pink color, soft and sweet.M. acuminata (AAA Group) 'Red Dacca' is a small, seedless or seedless, evergreen perennial that arises from a completely buried tuber. Stems form as pseudostems with heaps of leaf sheaths and are succulent, tender, erect, up to 3 meters high, green to black in color and produce shoots around them.The leaf blade is elongated, 120 cm long, 45 cm wide, impermeable, a sheath in the middle and reddish or bluish or black in color and has a powdery coating.Inflorescences grow horizontally or obliquely from the end of the stem. The female flowers are near the base and develop into fruit, the male flowers are on the uppermost bud and form buds between the leathery bracts. The fruits grow in a bunch. Each fruit is up to 23 cm long, up to 4 cm in diameter and weighs up to 200 grams.Red bananas have softer and sweeter flesh than other cavendish cultivars. The skin is thicker, but has a longer shelf life than other cultivars. Prices tend to be more expensive because supply is much less.This cultivar contains more beta carotene and vitamin C than yellow bananas. Also contains potassium and iron. The redder the fruit, the more carotene and the higher the vitamin C.Red bananas are often eaten raw, whole or chopped, and added to desserts and fruit salads. This fruit can also be boiled, fried and baked. All bananas contain natural sources of three sugars namely sucrose, fructose and glucose.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: ZingiberalesFamily: MusaceaeGenus: MusaSpecies: Musa acuminataCultivar: Musa acuminata (AAA Group) 'Red Dacca'Publications:Michel H. Porcher (2010). Sorting Musa names. The University of Melbourne.Arabic: موز أحمرChinese (Simplified): 红香蕉Chinese (Traditional): 紅香蕉English: Red banana, Red dacca, Red cavendish bananaHebrew: בננה אדומהHindi: लाल केलाIndonesian: Pisang GenderuwoJapanese: 赤いバナナKorean: 빨간 바나나Thai: กล้วยแดงLearn more: dlium.com/2023/07/red-banana-musa-acuminata-aaa-group-red.htmlLocation: Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Twoleaf nightshade (Solanum diphyllum) - part 2 Dlium 2023-07-16 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=FN7BEdrSAEw#Dlium Twoleaf nightshade (Solanum diphyllum) is a species of plants in Solanaceae, upright shrubs grow in shade, 1-2 m tall, rounded stems, dense, green-purple brown, short hairy, stopping cells, cornered young twigs and widely cultivated as plants decorate with bright yellow ripe fruit.S. diphyllum has leaves that are alternating, solitary or paired in twigs with generative organs. Some are stemmed for 1-1.5 cm. The leaves are oval to oblique round eggs, dynamic base, flat or wavy edges, tapered or rounded edges, 1-14.5 cm long, 0.5-4 cm wide and have short hair.Flowers facing leaves 5-25 mm long, brownish purple, straight and unbranched. Hook 5-10 mm, greenish to brown and curved. The petals have five ears, pale green and 1-5 mm long. Five crowns, coincide, star-shaped, yellowish white, 2-5 mm long. Five stamens, short and yellowish green pistil, stigma is yellow and 1-2 mm long. Pistil length 4-6 mm.The fruit will hitchhike, round, has two spaces and the axillary placenta. Green when young and yellow when ripe, 10-14 mm and flavorful. Kidney shaped seeds, thickened edges, creamy yellow, 2-5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide. Mesokarp is yellow-orange and sweet.Twoleaf nightshade grows in shady places in the forest, roadside, abandoned land, plantation areas and house yards. They grow at 0-1600 m altitude, also in calcareous and dry soils at 0-250 m altitude.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: SolanalesFamily: SolanaceaeSubfamily: SolanoideaeTribe: SolaneaeGenus: SolanumSection: GeminataSpecies: Solanum diphyllumPublications :Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 3: 1-1248. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.Pullaiah, T. & Karuppusamy, S. (2020). Flora of the Eastern Ghats 7: 1-474.Arabic: الباذنجان ذو الأوراقChinese (Simplified): 黄果龙葵Chinese (Traditional): 瑪瑙珠 - 黃果龍葵 - 秋珊瑚English: twoleaf nightshadeHebrew: נר לילה דו-עליםHindi: टूलीफ़ नाइटशेडHong Kong: 黃果龍葵Indonesian: Terong-terongan semakJapanese: ナガハスズメナスビJavanese: Tomat-tomatanKorean: 두잎 밤그늘Macao: 黃果龍葵Spanish: solimánTaiwan: 瑪瑙珠Learn more: dlium.com/2020/01/twoleaf-nightshade-solanum-diphyllum.htmlLocation: Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Inchplant (Tradescantia zebrina) - part 2 Dlium 2023-07-14 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=9L0eeQeVVYU#Dlium Rumput belang or inchplant or zebrina pendula (Tradescantia zebrina) is a spiderwort species in Commelinaceae, growing vines and climbing, in colonies forming dense mats, having striking zebra-patterned leaves and widely used as ornamental plants.T. zebrina has green stems with magenta spots, divided into growth segments with roots growing at each junction and the tip is magenta leaf buds. The roots develop in permanent contact with moisture, soil, water or substrate.Ovoid-shaped leaves, 4-10 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide and rounded to the base, shiny, growing in a row in each segment, alternating and hairy or hairless. The upper surface is dark green with two wide silver lines parallel to the middle axis, while the bottom surface is magenta.The flowers in clusters are supported by two large and narrow bracts, hermaphrodite, radial-symmetrical triples. Three sepals are 2-3 mm long, the other three grow on the base petals, ovoid, pink to purple and 5-9 mm long.Six stamens have purple hair. Three carpels that have become permanent ovaries will form fruit capsules containing gray-brown seeds. At least three varieties are Tradescantia zebrina var. flocculosa, Tradescantia zebrina var. mollipila and Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrina.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: CommelinalesFamily: CommelinaceaeSubfamily: CommelinoideaeTribe: TradescantieaeGenus: TradescantiaSubgenus: CampeliaSpecies: Tradescantia zebrinaVariety: Tradescantia zebrina var. flocculosa, Tradescantia zebrina var. mollipila, Tradescantia zebrina var. zebrinaArabic: إينشبلانتArgentina: Oreja de tigreAfrikaans: Gestreepte Wandelende JoodBoyacá: Suelda con sueldaChinese (Simplified): 吊竹梅Chinese (Traditional): 吊竹梅 - 水竹草 - 紅苞鴨跖草 - 吊竹草Colombia: panameña, Suelda con sueldaCosta Rica: CucarachaDanish: blomstervuggeDominican Republic: CucarachaEnglish: Inchplant, Wandering Jew, Zebra Wandering JewFinnish: kirjojuoruFrench: misèreHebrew: אינצ'צמחHindi: इंचप्लांटHong Kong: 吊竹梅Indonesian: Rumput Belang, ZebrakrautJapanese: シマムラサキツユクサLithuanian: Dryžuotoji tradeskantėMacao: 吊竹梅Polish: Trzykrotka pasiastaPortuguese: Trapoeraba-zebra, LambariRussian: Традесканция зебринаSpanish: matalí, Cucaracha, cola de pollo, panameña, Suelda con suelda, Oreja de tigreSwedish: zebrabladTaiwan: 吊竹梅 - 吊竹草Thai: ก้ามปูหลุดUkrainian: Традесканція смугастаLearn more: dlium.com/2020/01/inchplant-tradescantia-zebrina.htmlLocation: Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis jalapa) Dlium 2023-07-13 | #Dlium Marvel of Peru or four o'clock flower (Mirabilis jalapa) is a plant species in the Nyctaginaceae, herbaceous perennial, 20-80 cm high, thick stem, quadrangular with many branches and rooted in knots and postures often flat, tubers blackish brown with a white filling and elongated round shape with a size of 7–9 cm and 2–5 cm in diameterM. jalapa has blackish brown tubers, white inside, elongated round shape, 7-9 cm long and 2-5 cm in diameter. Leaves are heart-shaped, green, 2-11 cm long and 1-7 cm wide. Leaf base rounded, tapered tip and flat edge. Leaf stalks are 1-6 cm long.The flowers are trumpet-shaped and come in many colors including red, white and yellow. Single seeded fruit, round, hard, wrinkled, yellow-green when young and black when ripe. Fruit can be made as a powder.It is called the four o'clock flower because it usually blooms at four o'clock in the afternoon due to light stimulation or photonasty. This plant is included in the Dicotyledones class because it has two pieces of seeds, petals with multiples of 4-5 and finger veins.The flower contains eight betaxanthins (indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthin-I, miraxanthin-I, II, III, IV, V and VI). The root contains rotenoid (mirabijalone A, B, C and D, 9-O-methyl-4-hydroxyboeravinone B, boeravinone C and boeravinone F, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methylisoquinoline-7,8-diol ). The seeds contain fatty acids (8-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-11,14-dienoic acid). The methanol extract produces β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and brassicasterol.The plant extract has antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and moderate activity as an inhibitor of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Flowers are processed into fresh drinks. The content of betaxanthis, fatty acid substances and oil acid substances can be used as drugs to improve blood circulation and diuretics. Plants are also used to relieve tonsillitis, sore throat, coughing up blood, cancer, kidney stones, gallstones and diabetes, dysentery, infected wounds, bee stings and scorpions.The leaves are used to reduce inflammation, treat abscesses and treat wounds. The seeds are considered toxic but can be powdered as a cosmetic and dye. The dried flower powder is used to treat headaches and the root decoction is used to wash wounds and treat skin conditions such as leprosy. The juice extracted from the flowers is used for herpes lesions and earaches. The juice extracted from the root is used to treat earaches, diarrhoea, dysentery, syphilis, liver infections and as a laxative.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: CaryophyllalesFamily: NyctaginaceaeGenus: MirabilisSpecies: Mirabilis jalapaVariety: Mirabilis jalapa var. jalapa, Mirabilis jalapa var. oaxacanaAfrikaans: Vieruurtjie, vieruurblom, VieruurtjiesArabic شب الليل - أعجوبة البيروArgentina: Dondiego de nocheAssamese: গধূলিগোপালAustralia: Four o'clockAustria: WunderblumeBasque : Gau-loreCatalan: Flor de nitChinese (Simplified): 紫茉莉 - 地雷花Chinese (Traditional): 紫茉莉Croatian: Noćna dama , Noćna frajla, Peruanski noćurakCzech: nocenka zahradníDanish: VidunderblomstDominican Republic: Buenas Tardes, Buenas NochesDutch: NachtschoneEnglish: Marvel of Peru, Four o'clock flower, Four o'clock, Beauty-Of-The-Night, False Jalap, Four-O' Clock, Four-O'Clock, Four-O'Clocks, Marvel-Of-PeruFinnish: MökinihmekukkaFrench: Belle-de-nuit commune, Belle-de-nuit, Merveille du PérouGerman: WunderblumeGreek: ΔειλινόHebrew: לילנית רב גוניתHong Kong: 紫茉莉Hungarian: nagy csodatölcsérIndonesian: Bunga Pukul EmpatItalian: Bella di notteJapanese: オシロイバナKorean: 분꽃Macao: 紫茉莉Nahuatl: TlalquilinPolish: Dziwaczek JalapaPortuguese: Boas-noites, BoninaRomanian: NoptițăRussian: Ночная красавица - Мирабилис слабительный - Мирабилис ялапаSinhala: හෙන්දිරික්කාSpanish: Maravilla, Aretito, Don Diego de Noche, Dondiego de noche, Perico, Buenas Tardes, Buenas NochesSwedish: underblommaTaiwan: 紫茉莉Thai: บานเย็นTurkish: AkşamsefasıUrdu: گل سہ پہریUruguay: Don Diego de NocheZoque: tzujoyóLearn more: dlium.com/2023/07/marvel-of-peru-mirabilis-jalapa.htmlLocation: Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Indian heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum) - part 3 Dlium 2023-07-11 | Part 2: youtube.com/watch?v=PDS1EGcz7eYPart 1: youtube.com/watch?v=GfqJbmdYjwUDlium Sangketan or Indian heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum) is a plant species in the Boraginaceae, with upright stems, green in color, up to 100 cm high, many branches and coarse-haired, grows solitary or in groups at some distance to form plots in an area.H. indicum has alternate leaves, egg circular shape, serrated or ridged edge, blunt base, sharp tip, wavy surface, green, smooth hair on top and bottom.The leaves have long stalks with narrow linear pinnate bases and eventually widen into a leaf blade. The petiole continues into a single bone in the center with many pinnate and branching veins.The flowers are small in panicles, grow in rows along the stem at the very top and are bluish white. The flower stems have a length of 10 cm, coming out of the axillary or the ends of the stalks that end curling with the petals facing upwards.Indian heliotrope grows wild in fields, rice fields, yards and vacant land. It grows in dry climates from lowlands to an altitude of 800 meters. This plant is often used as traditional medicine including rheumatism, canker sores, lung infections, dysentery, boils, inflammation of the testicles, pain relievers, skin diseases (scabies, boils, eczema), diabetes and diarrhea.The plant contains alkaloids (heliotrine, lasiocarpine, indicine, 12acetyl indicine, indicinine, indicine-n-oxide, retronecine, trachelanthamide, putrescine, spermidine, homo spermidine, permine), cardenolin and flavonoids.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: BoraginalesFamily: BoraginaceaeSubfamily: HeliotropioideaeGenus: HeliotropiumSpecies: Heliotropium indicumArabic: الهليوتروب الهنديChinese (Simplified): 大尾摇 - 耳钩草Chinese (Traditional): 印度天芹菜 - 大尾搖 - 狗尾草English: Indian Heliotrope, Indian Turnsole, Indian String-of-StarsFrench: Héliotrope d'IndeHebrew: הליוטרופ הודיHindi: हतीसूर - भारतीय हेलियोट्रोपHong Kong: 大尾搖Indonesian: SangketanJavanese: Buntut tikusJapanese: ナンバンルリソウKorean: 인도 헬리오트로프Maya: nemaaxPortuguese: Cravo-de-urubuRussian: Гелиотроп индийскийSouthern Africa: Indian String-of-StarsSpanish: Cola de alacránTaiwan: 印度天芹菜 - 狗尾草Thai: หญ้างวงช้างZoque: manequineLearn more: dlium.com/2020/11/indian-heliotrope-heliotropium-indicum.htmlLocation: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Cornstalk dracena (Dracaena fragrans) - part 2 Dlium 2023-07-09 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=uF264uRxr4o#Dlium Drasena or cornstalk dracena (Dracaena fragrans) is a species of flowering plant in Asparagaceae, a shrub that grows slowly, is very adaptive and inhabits in altitude regions of 600-2250 m, multistemmed at the base, up to 15 m high or higher with narrow, upright and slender crowns.D. fragrans has a round stem with a diameter of up to 30 cm, young plants have a single stem and are not branched with a rosette of leaves to the ends, producing two or more new stems with subsequent flowering episodes.Lanceolate leaves, 20-150 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, green overall or yellow vertical stripes follow the bone trench in the middle for some varieties, shiny, upright young leaves to spread and larger leaves droop due to weight.The flowers in panicles are 15-160 cm long, individual flowers have a diameter of 2.5 cm with a six-lobed corolla, are pink and open white with the center having a red or purple line on each lobe for 7-12 mm, very fragrant and popular with pollinating insects.The berries are green and turn orange red when ripe, 1-2 cm in diameter and contain several seeds. Dracena cornstalk is used for ornamental plants and removes air pollutants including formaldehyde, xylene and toluene.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: AsparagalesFamily: AsparagaceaeSubfamily: NolinoideaeGenus: DracaenaSpecies: Dracaena fragransVarieties: Dracaena fragrans var. compacta, Dracaena fragrans var. fragransArabic: كورنستوك دراسيناChinese (Simplified): 巴西铁树 - 金心巴西铁Chinese (Traditional): 巴西鐵樹 - 香龍血樹Czech: dračinec vonnýDanish: duftdracænaEnglish: Corn plant, Fragrant dracaena, Cornstalk dracaena, Corn-plant, Striped dracaena, Compact dracaenaFrench: Dragonnier parfuméHebrew: דרצנה גבעול תירסHindi: कॉर्नस्टॉक ड्रैसेनाHong Kong: 巴西鐵樹Italian: Tronchetto della felicitàJapanese: シロシマセンネンボク - ニオイセンネンボクKorean: 옥수숫대Macao: 巴西鐵樹Polish: Dracena wonnaPortuguese: Tronco-do-brasilRussian: Драцена душистаяSpanish: Tronco de Brasil, Caña indiaSwedish: doftdracenaTaiwan: 巴西鐵樹Thai: วาสนาVietnamese: Phát Tài, Thiết Mộc LanLearn more: dlium.com/2020/02/cornstalk-dracena-dracaena-fragrans.htmlLocation: Kalikajar, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Purple cleome (Cleome rutidosperma) - part 2 Dlium 2023-07-08 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=uK7g-Yn8b2s#Dlium Maman lanang or purple cleome (Cleome rutidosperma) is a species of plant in the Cleomaceae, herbaceous, erect or creeping, 0.15-0.80 meters high, square-shaped stems and green, flowering all year round, growing on roadsides, rice fields, plantations. They also live as epiphytes on rocks and wood.C. rutidosperma has elongated or rounded leaves, sharp or blunt tips, white hair, green, a main vein in the middle with many pinnate minor veins. The stalk is 0.5-2 cm long with thin spines and three strands.The flowers have long stalks. The crown has a pointed claw-like tip, 9-12 mm long, reddish-blue in color and short fine hair. Fruit stalk 20-30 mm long, curved, capsule-shaped, pointed tip, linearly wrinkled and green. Seeds have a diameter of 1.75-2 mm, elaiosomes whitish.Cleomaceae contain thioglucosides which release isothiocyanates when the plant is crushed. They also contain alkaloids and flavonoids of unknown species. Research on the benefits of purple cleome is still very limited and the compounds responsible for its activity are not known with certainty.C. rutidosperma can be used as an antifeedant or herbicide substitute for Brassica plant pests such as Plutella xylostella. Plants also contain a group of potential anticancer compounds, such as alkaloids and flavonoids, both of which have the potential to act as negative regulators of oncogenes and positive regulators of tumor suppressor genes.Negative regulation of oncogenes stops cancer cell proliferation at certain phases of the cell cycle. Tumor suppressor genes such as p53 protein and Retinoblastoma protein (pRb). The Rb protein is able to bind to the E2F protein, so that the cell cycle can be inhibited.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: BrassicalesFamily: CleomaceaeGenus: CleomeSpecies: Cleome rutidospermaArabic: كليم الأرجوانيChinese (Simplified): 皱子白花菜Chinese (Traditional): 皺子白花菜 - 平伏莖白花菜 - 成功白花菜English: Purple Cleome, Fringed Spider FlowerGuangdong: 皺子白花菜Hebrew: קלאומה סגולהHindi: बैंगनी क्लियोमHong Kong: 皺子白花菜\Indonesian: Maman Lanang, Maman UnguJapanese: アフリカフウチョウソウKorean: 퍼플 클레오메Macao: 皺子白花菜Russian: Клеоме морщинистосемяннаяTaiwan: 平伏莖白花菜 - 成功白花菜Thai: ผักเสี้ยนขนLearn more: dlium.com/2022/03/purple-cleome-cleome-rutidosperma.htmlLocation: Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Large flower pink-sorrel (Oxalis debilis) - part 2 Dlium 2023-07-06 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=AISoFBoYXI8#Dlium Large flower pink-sorrel (Oxalis debilis) is a species of plant in the Oxalidaceae, a perennial shrub with erect stems, disk-shaped leaves, pink flowers, cosmopolitan, edible, grows in forests and farmlands in tropical and subtropical climates.O. debilis has roots with tubers. The stem is cylindrical, erect, slender and green. Fruit in capsule form. Propagation by generative and vegetative.Flowers have long stalks, sitting at the tip and the base has a green color. The crown has five sections, each elongated or elliptical, open to the top, light pink with yellow or pink pistil stripes.The leaves have a long stalk, erect, circular and flattened with three or four parts, each part having the shape of a heart with a bone in the middle and several pinnate veins, thick and green.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: OxalidalesFamily: OxalidaceaeGenus: OxalisSubgenus: OxalisSection: IonoxalisSpecies: Oxalis debilisPublications :Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2013). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 5: 1-451. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Flora of North America North of Mexico 12: 1-603. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.) (2008). Med-Checklist Notulae, 27. Willdenowia 38: 465-474.Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.Serviss, B.E. & Peck, J.H. (2013). Rediscovery of Persea borbonia var. borbonia (Lauraceae), Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa (Fabaceae), and Pinus palustris (Pinaceae) in Arkansas. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7: 841-845.Zuloaga, F.O. & Belgrano, M.J. (eds.) (2017). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 17: 1-434. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.Arabic: زهرة كبيرة الوردي حميضArgentina: VinagrilloAustria: Pinker WaldkleeChinese (Simplified): 南天七 - 大叶酢浆草 - 大酸味草 - 柔弱酢漿草 - 红花酢浆 - 铜锤草Chinese (Traditional): 柔弱酢浆草 - 紅花酢漿草 - 紫花酢漿草 - 紫花酢漿草Czech: šťavel cibulkatýDutch: StippelklaverzuringEnglish: Large-flowered Pink-sorrel, Largeflower pink-sorrel, Lavender Sorrel, Pink Shamrock, pink wood sorrel, pink woodsorrel, world-wide wood-sorrel, worldwide wood sorrelFrench: oxalis chétiveGerman: Pinker WaldkleeHebrew: פרח גדול ורוד חומצהHindi: बड़ा फूल गुलाबी सॉरेलHong Kong: 紅花酢漿草 - 紫花酢漿草Indonesian: CalincingItalian: acetosella deboleJapanese: ムラサキカタバミKorean: 큰 꽃 핑크 밤색Mação: 紅花酢漿草 - 紫花酢漿草Portuguese: Azeda, Canuru-de-sapoRussian: Кислица слабаяSpanish: VinagrilloSwedish: lökoxalisTaiwan: 紫花酢漿草Thai: ผักแว่นดอยดอกใหญ่Learn more: dlium.com/2021/06/large-flower-pink-sorrel-oxalis-debilis.htmlLocation: Kalikajar, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Baby jump up (Mecardonia procumbens) Dlium 2023-07-04 | #Dlium Baby jump up or yellow-flowered water hyssop (Mecardonia procumbens) is a plant species in the Plantaginaceae, fibrous roots, stems rectangular, smooth, upright and branching from the base, growing on sandy soil, wet, streams and rice fields at elevations up to 1160 meters .M. procumbens has leaves that sit opposite each other, are hairless and have short or indistinct stalks. The strands are elliptical to ovate, 10–25 mm long, 6–12 mm broad, apically blunt ends and serrated margins.Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, axillary and solitary. Pedicels thin, hairless, 4-6 mm long, longer than fruit (6-18 mm), bracts 2-4 mm long, linear, mostly intact and located at the base of the peduncle.Free petals with a sharp base, hairless, 5 lobes, 6-10 mm long. Outer lobe 3 ovate, oblong, attenuated at apex, obtuse at base, 2 inner lobes shorter, much narrower and linear.The corolla has 2 lips, yellow with a purple stripe on the upper lip, slightly longer than the calyx. The upper lip is limiting. Stamens 4 items and dynamo. Branched anther cells. Superior ovary, almost ovoid, filiform in shape, 1.3 mm long and curved at the apex.Fruit capsule, narrow ellipsoid, stalked, glabrous, 5-6 mm long, ruptured locally and septically from apex, calyx accrescent, outer sepals being 9 mm long and 5 mm wide. Seeds numerous, round with yellow or greenish brown, oval with a blunt or truncated apex and 0.8 mm long.This species grows in forests, savannas, scrublands, grasslands, inland and terrestrial wetlands. Plants are used as neuro-stimulants and brain stimulants, poultices and scabs, cuts, wounds and ringworm.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: LamialesFamily: PlantaginaceaeTribe: GratioleaeGenus: MecardoniaSpecies: Mecardonia procumbensArabic: طفل يقفزChinese (Simplified): 伏胁花Chinese (Traditional): 伏脅花 - 黃花過長沙舅English: baby jump up, baby jumpup, baby jump-up, Prostrate Mecardonia, Prostrate Water-Hyssop, Yellow-flowered waterhyssopGuangdong: 伏脅花 - 黃花過長沙舅Hebrew: תינוק קופץ למעלהHindi: बच्चा ऊपर कूदोHong Kong: 伏脅花 - 黃花過長沙舅Indonesian: TangtungJapanese: アメリカシソクサKorean: 아기 점프Macao: 伏脅花 - 黃花過長沙舅Russian: Мекардония лежачаяSpanish: Oreja de ratón, hoja de quebranto, violetillaTaiwan: 伏脅花 - 黃花過長沙舅Thai: เด็กกระโดดขึ้นLearn more: dlium.com/2023/07/baby-jump-up-mecardonia-procumbens.htmlLocation: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Creeping tick trefoil (Grona triflora) Dlium 2023-07-02 | #Dlium Rumput Jeram or jeram or creeping tick trefoil (Grona triflora) is a plant species in the Fabaceae, an annual herb or annuals, growing creeping on the ground, strong taproot with cylindrical stems, segmented, rough surface, many branches, brown and white hair .G. triflora has green leaves, stalks, alternate and compound with three strands. Each leaf is heart-shaped or ovoid, wide at the tip with a center not more than 0.6 cm, white hair and a vein in the middle.Flowers are bisexual, grow in the axils of the leaves and are white or bright red or purple in the axils. The crown is shaped like a butterfly. Pods slightly curved, hairy, three-chambered and 4-8 seeds. Small seeds, light brown, have modifications such as sharp hairs that allow them to stick firmly to objects.Tropical plants that grow from the lowlands to an elevation of 1500 meters, rainfall 1500-4000 mm/year. Grows well in low to medium fertility soils, pH 5-6.5 in full sun or in shade.This plant contains flavonoids, alkoloids, ethanolic, indole-3-acetic acid, trigonelline, choline, hypaphorine, saponins, terpenoids, anthocyanins, tyrumine, steroids, phenolics and amino acids.This species has been used in traditional medicine to treat flatulence, diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhoids, asthma, fever, rheumatism, wounds, boils, meningitis, antiseptic, mouthwash, cough, snake venom antidote, smallpox, wound medicine and skin problems.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: FabalesFamily: FabaceaeSubfamily: FaboideaeTribe: DesmodieaeSubtribe: DesmodiinaeGenus: GronaSpecies: Grona trifloraPublications :Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.Puff, C., Chayamarit, K., Chamchumroon, V. & Esser, H.-J. (2021). Flora of Thailand 15(1): 1-235. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.Smith, A.C. (1988). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 4: 1-377. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.Arabic: القراد الزاحف ثلاثي الفصوص Chinese (Simplified): 三点金Chinese (Traditional): 三點金 - 三點金草 - 蠅翼草English: creeping tick trefoil, jeram, threeflower ticktrefoilHebrew: עץ קרציה זוחל Hindi: रेंगने वाली टिक ट्रेफ़ोइल Hong Kong: 三點金Indonesian: Rumput JaremJapanese: ハイマキエハギJavanese: Ki mules, Delilan, Semanggen, Suket jaremKorean: 크리핑 틱 트레포일Mação: 三點金Palauan: OlumudRussian: Десмодиум трёхцветковыйSinhala: හීන් උඳුපියලියSundanese: Sisik betok, Genteng cangkengThai: หญ้าเกล็ดหอยLearn more: dlium.com/2023/07/creeping-tick-trefoil-grona-triflora.htmlLocation: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) - part 3 Dlium 2023-07-01 | Part 2: youtube.com/watch?v=hNn2UoYWN58Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=Nikccl1KNdM#Dlium Kangkung or water spinach or water morning glory (Ipomoea aquatica) is a plant species in Convolvulaceae that spreads in watery areas or soft soil, hollow stems to float, including cultivated plants for vegetables with leaves and stems as food.I. aquatica has tubular stems, 2-3 meters long or more, hollow to float, green in color and roots in the fork. Leaves vary in shape from arrowhead to lanceolate, 5-15 cm long, 2-8 cm wide and green.Trumpet-shaped flowers, 3-5 cm in diameter and completely white or light purple in the middle. Propagation using shoot cutting techniques that will take root along the internodes or plant seeds from flowers that produce seed pods.Cultivated water spinach has three cultivar groups. The Lowland group grows wild in shallow swamps and abandoned rice fields. The Alba group grows on land, leaves narrower and is more adaptive to dry land. The Rubra group has red or purple leaves and flowers, the leaves are rather broad and adaptive to dry land.Almost all young plants are edible. Old kale has coarse fiber, young shoots are more popular. Water spinach is used for animal feed as a forage feed with high nutritional value, especially the leaves as a good source of carotene. This food is given to cows, pigs, fish, ducks and chickens.This plant is used in traditional medicine for hemorrhoids, nosebleeds, anthelmintic, high blood pressure, jaundice, nervous weakness and lowering blood sugar in diabetic patients. Plant extracts inhibit the growth of cancer cells Vero, Hep-2 and A-549 cells.Water spinach is ideal for subtropical and tropical climates. High soil moisture is beneficial for growth. Loamy and marshy soils rich in organic matter are suitable for this plant. The pH range of 5-7 is ideal for growth. Shading proved to have a positive effect.The species is most commonly grown in east, south and southeast Asia. It flourishes naturally in waterways,and requires little if any care. It is used extensively in Indonesian, Burmese, Thai, Lao, Cambodian, Malay, Vietnamese, Filipino and Chinese cuisine, especially in rural or kampung areas. The vegetable is also extremely popular in Taiwan.These vegetables contain many important vitamins and minerals that are very low in calories and fat. The nutritional content in 100 grams of kale is vitamin A (6600 IU), calories (19 kcal), carbohydrates (3.14 grams), protein (2.6 grams), folate (14%), vitamin C (55 mg), niacin (0.9000 mg) , sodium (113 mg), potassium (312 mg), calcium (77 mg), iron (1.67 mg), magnesium (71 mg) and zinc (00.18 mg)These vegetables if consumed regularly can prevent osteoporosis, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin A deficiency. In addition, consumption of kale is believed to protect the body from cardiovascular disease, colon and prostate cancer.Water spinach has been found to be cultivated in Australia, Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Maldives, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: SolanalesFamily: ConvolvulaceaeTribe: IpomoeeaeGenus: IpomoeaSpecies: Ipomoea aquaticaArabic: السبانخ المياهAustria: WasserspinatChinese (Simplified): 蕹菜Chinese (Traditional): 甕菜 - 空心菜 - 蕹菜Czech: povijnice vodníDanish: kangkongEnglish: Kangkung, Kháng khong, River spinach, Swamp cabbage, Water convolvulu, Water morning lory, Water spinachFrench: Liseron d'eauGerman: WasserspinatGuangdong: 蕹菜Hebrew: מים תרדHindi: पानी वाली पालकHong Kong: 蕹菜Indonesian: KangkungJapanese: アサガオナ - エンサイ - クウシンサイ - ヨウサイKorean: 물시금치Macao: 蕹菜Palauan: KangkumPolish: Wilec wodnyRussian: Ипомея водянаяSinhala: කංකුන්Taiwan: 蕹菜Thai: ผักบุ้งLearn more: dlium.com/2021/05/water-morning-glory-ipomoea-aquatica.htmlLocation: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Uram (Urena procumbens) Dlium 2023-06-29 | #Dlium Uram (Urena procumbens) is a species in the Malvaceae, sub shrub, erect, up to 80 cm tall, woody stems, procumbent branches, puberulent, solitary or forming loose colonies, growing in forests, agricultural fields, roadsides and wastelands.U. procumbens has subulate, 1.5 mm and caducous stipules. Leaves have petioles, 4-15 mm and hairy. Leaf blade proximal to the stem, 3-5 lobes, lobes rhombus or oblong, flask-shaped, 1-7 x 1-4 cm, both surfaces short-haired, tomentose densely hairy, base rounded to almost heart-shaped and margin serrated.Flowers solitary or nearly branched and axillary. Pedicel 2-3 mm. Epicalyx 7mm. Calyx shorter or almost as long as epicalyx, lobes ovate, acute and stellate. Petals pink or white and 1-1.5 cm long. The staminal column is glabrous and the length of the calyx. The fruit is round, 6 mm in diameter, thorny and hairy. Bare seeds.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: MalvalesFamily: MalvaceaeSubfamily: MalvoideaeTribe: HibisceaeGenus: UrenaSpecies: Urena procumbensVariety: Urena procumbens var. procumbens, Urena procumbens var. microphyllaArabic: أورامChinese (Simplified): 乌拉姆Chinese (Traditional): 烏拉姆English: UramHebrew: אורם Hindi: उरम Indonesian: UramJapanese: ウラムKorean: 우람Thai: อูรามLearn more: dlium.com/2023/06/uram-weed-urena-procumbens.htmlLocation: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Sea hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) Dlium 2023-06-27 | #Dlium Waru or sea hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) is a species in the Malvaceae, a small tree, 5-15 meters high, the stem grows straighter and the crown narrower on fertile soils, while the trunk grows crooked and the crown widens on arid soil.H. tiliaceus has leaves with long stalks. Strands circular or ovoid or heart shaped, flat edge, diameter up to 19 cm. Veins with glands at the base. The underside has gray hair. The supporting leaves are oval in shape, 2.5 cm long and leave marks at the ends of the branches.Flowers solitary or in bunches with 2-5 florets. Additional petals 8-11 items, more than half attached. Petals 2.5 cm long and 5 items. Fan-shaped crown, 5-7.5 cm wide. The flowers bloom yellow in the morning, turn orange in the afternoon and turn red in the evening, before finally falling.Fruit egg-shaped, short beak, imperfect 5 chambers and opens with 5 valves. The seeds are small and light brown. Taproot and yellowish white.This tree has high adaptability, is tolerant of drought and flooding. Grows well in hot areas with rainfall 800-2000 mm/year. Common in sandy coasts, mangroves and riparian forests. This species grows wild in forests, agricultural land and roadsides.The leaves contain saponins, flavonoids and polyphenols, while the roots contain saponins, flavonoids and tannins. This plant contains Cyanidin-3-glucoside as the main anthocyanin found in flowers. The leaves exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity and the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity among 39 tropical plant species.Light wood, quite dense, fine structure and not too hard. Bluish gray or pseudo purple or purplish brown or greenish. Tough and durable survive in the soil. Commonly used as building materials, boats, cartwheels, tool handles, carving and firewood. Bark is soaked and beaten to obtain fiber and rope for further use as the basis for making nets and bags.Leaves for animal feed. Young leaves are used as vegetables and soy sauce fermentation process. The leaves are crushed to treat boils, hair fertilizer. Young leaves are boiled with sugar to dissolve phlegm in severe coughs. Leaf buds are used to treat dysentery and mucus in children. Root for fever medicine.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: MalvalesFamily: MalvaceaeSubfamily: MalvoideaeTribe: HibisceaeGenus: HibiscusSpecies: Hibiscus tiliaceusSubspecies: Hibiscus tiliaceus ssp. hastatus, Hibiscus tiliaceus ssp. tiliaceusVariety: Hibiscus tiliaceus var. elatus, Hibiscus tiliaceus var. pernambucensisAfrikaans: kus-vuurblom Arabic: خطمي ساحلي - خبازي ساحليBikol: malobagoBislama: BuraoCebuano: malabago, malbago, maribago, lambagoChamorro: paguChinese (Simplified): 黄槿Chinese (Traditional): 黃槿Czech: ibišek lípovitýEnglish: Lagoon hibiscus, beach hibiscus, sea hibiscus, coast cottonwoodcoast hibiscus, green cottonwood, native hibiscus, native rosella, cottonwood hibiscus, sea rosemallowEstonian: pärnhibiskFrench: PurauGerman: Lindenblättriger EibischHawaiian: HauHebrew: היביסקוס ים Hindi: समुद्री हिबिस्कस Indonesian: Baru, WaruJapanese: オオハマボウJavanese: WaruKorean: 바다 히비스커스Kwéyòl: maho gonbo, maho mangMalay: baru, bebaruMaluku: baru dowongi, haru, halu, faru, fanuPalauan: Cheremall, ChermalPolish: ketmia lipowataPortuguese: Algodoeiro-da-praiaRussian: Гибискус липовидныйSamoan: fauSpanish: Hibisco marítimoTagalog: balibagoThai: ปอทะเลTahitian: purauVietnamese: cây vốiXhosa: umlolwaZulu: ulolaLearn more: dlium.com/2023/06/dlium-sea-hibiscus-hibiscus-tiliaceus.htmlLocation: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Genduru (Caryota mitis) - part 4 Dlium 2023-06-25 | Part 3: youtube.com/watch?v=bnlG3p17CqkPart 2: youtube.com/watch?v=2WXEmIMi6roPart 1: youtube.com/watch?v=Q4TwDqI-5OU#Dlium Genduru (Caryota mitis) is a plant species in Arecaceae, a tree-shaped palm, often living in clumps, trunk up to 15 meters high, up to 15 cm in diameter, hard bark, black and strong, when young it has ring-shaped fibers.C. mitis has pinnate, double leaves and fin-shaped minor leaves. The leaves are up to 3 meters long, grow spreading and extending upwards and are shiny green. Minor leaves have a size of 7-20 cm, oblique, slightly tapered and serrated.Inflorescences in panicles, branching and hanging. The bunches appear from beneath the leaves or out from the middle of the stem. The first inflorescence grows near the end of the stem and the other younger inflorescences grow under the stem regularly and successively.Male flowers have a large number, 1 cm long, red with red dots. Sepals are wide, 8 petals and cup-shaped, many stamens with clumped stalks at the base of the flower. The female flowers bloom almost simultaneously and are purple to red-brown in color.The fruit is round, red in color and turns purple or dark red or dark blue when ripe. The pulp is brittle and slightly stringy. Seeds are round. Genduru grows in lowland forests up to an altitude of 1300 m.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: ArecalesFamily: ArecaceaeSubfamily: CoryphoideaeTribe: CaryoteaeGenus: CaryotaSpecies: Caryota mitisAceh: BĕridinArabic: قريوطة طرية Batak: AndudurBugis: PanisiCentral Kalimantan: Bulang talang, Bulang tĕlangChinese (Simplified): 短穗鱼尾葵 Chinese (Traditional): 叢立孔雀椰子 - 短穗魚尾葵Czech: Palicha jemnáDutch: Zachte VinnetjespalmEnglish: Genduru, Burmese Fishtail-palm, Clustering fishtail palm, Fishtail palmHebrew: גנדורו Hindi: गेंडुरू Indonesian: Genduru, SaraiJapanese: カブダチクジャクヤシJavanese: GĕnduruKorean: 겐두루Madura: GhanduruMelayu: TukasPalembang: RisiPolish: Kariota łagodnaRussian: Кариота мягкаяSpanish: Palmera cola de pescadoSundanese: Sarai, Sukawung leutik, Suwangkung leutikThai: เต่าร้างแดงLearn more: dlium.com/2020/09/genduru-caryota-mitis.htmlLocation: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Candle bush (Senna alata) - part 2 Dlium 2023-06-23 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=XHx325JxsrU#Dlium Ketepeng cina or emperor's candlesticks or candlebush or Cassia alata (Senna alata) is plant species in Fabaceae, erect shrubs, important medicinal trees and ornamental flowering plants. This extraordinary plant grows to an altitude of 1,200 meters and can be found in various habitats, but is generally fertile on wet soil.S. alata is a shrub that stands 3-4 meters tall with a leaf length of 50-80 cm. The stem has brown skin, young stems are dark green, the leaves are dark green and inflorescence looks like a yellow candle container. This species grows easily from seeds distributed by water or animals.The fruit is straight, up to 25 cm long and dark green. Pods containing 50-60 seeds, almost straight, dark brown or almost black, about 15 centimeters long and 15 millimeters wide. On both sides of the pod are wings that stretch along the path.Ketepeng cina is often called ringworm because it is very effective in expelling worms and treating fungal infections of the skin. The leaves are pounded and mixed with a number of vegetable oils to rub on the site for two or three times a day. Active ingredients include yellow chrysophanic acid and anthraquinone.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: FabalesFamily: FabaceaeSubfamily: CaesalpinioideaeTribe: CassieaeSubtribe: CassiinaeGenus: SennaSpecies: Senna alataArabic: شمعة شجيرة Busang: Ura'kapChinese (Simplified): 翅果决明Chinese (Traditional): 翅果鐵刀木 - 翅莢決明 - 翼柄決明\English: Candelabra Bush, Candle Bush, Candlebush, Candlestick Plant, Emperor's Candlesticks, Candelabra Bush, Christmas Candles, Empress Candle Plant, Ringworm Shrub, CandletreeFrench: Casse ailé, Catépen, Dartrier, Quatre épingles, Séné ailé, Épis d'orHalmahera Utara: Saya mara, haya maraHebrew: שיח נרות Hindi: मोमबत्ती की झाड़ी Indonesian: Ketepeng Cina, Ketepeng KerbauJapanese: ハネセンナJavanese: Ketepeng cina, ketepeng keboKorean: 양초 덤불Kwéyòl: kasialataMadura: Acon-aconanMelayu: Kerap sebut daun kupang, ketepeng, daun kurap, gelenggang , kupang-kupangPalauan: KerulabesokelPaser: GelinggangPijin: bakuatriPortuguese: Candelabro, Dartrial, Fedegoso-gigante, Manjerioba-do-pará, Manjerioba-grande, Maria-preta, Mata-pasto, Mata-pasto-do-brejoRussian: Сенна крылатаяSinhala: ඇත් තෝරSpanish: MazorquillaSundanese: Ki manila, ketepang badakTernate: Kupang-kupangTidore: TabankunThai: ชุมเห็ดเทศLearn more: dlium.com/2019/05/candle-bush-senna-alata.htmlLocation: Purworejo, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
White dotted greenbrier (Smilax leucophylla) - part 3 Dlium 2023-06-21 | Part 2: youtube.com/watch?v=cIfF3qPVFEEPart 1: youtube.com/watch?v=0swyWZTcJnE#Dlium Canar or white dotted greenbrier (Smilax leucophylla) is a species of plant in the Smilacaceae, climbing plants, stems have tendrils, dark green stems, cylindrical stems and red or brown stiff spines.White dotted greenbrier has oval-shaped leaves extending to oval wide, sitting alternately, 10-32 cm long and 4-22 cm wide. Leaves have 3-5 veins. The upper side surface is dark green, glossy and white spots.Flowers appear in the leaf axils. Male flowers are pale white or greenish yellow or brown. The fruit is round, red and black when ripe and stemmed. Seeds are round, located in the middle of the fruit and 1-6 seeds.Canar grows in dry to moist soil in jungles, river banks to ravines and adapts to a pH of 4-6.2. The plant is used as rheumatism, syphilis, ulcers, menstrual disorders, hemorrhoids, swelling due to sprains, antiseptic, antibacterial, stomachache and antidote.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: LilialesFamily: SmilacaceaeGenus: SmilaxSpecies: Smilax leucophyllaArabic: نبات أخضر منقط أبيض Chinese (Simplified): 白点绿蔷薇Chinese (Traditional): 白點綠薔薇English: White dotted greenbrierHebrew: ירוק מנוקד לבן Hindi: सफेद बिंदीदार ग्रीनबियर Indonesian: CanarJapanese: 白い点々のグリーンブライアー Korean: 흰 점박이 청자색 청과물Thai: กรีนไบรเออร์จุดสีขาว Learn more: dlium.com/2022/11/white-dotted-greenbrier-smilax.htmlLocation: Wonogiri, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Indian heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum) - part 2 Dlium 2023-06-19 | Part 3: youtube.com/watch?v=bCbPDI_pU4oPart 1: youtube.com/watch?v=GfqJbmdYjwU#Dlium Sangketan or Indian heliotrope (Heliotropium indicum) is a plant species in the Boraginaceae, with upright stems, green in color, up to 100 cm high, many branches and coarse-haired, grows solitary or in groups at some distance to form plots in an area.H. indicum has alternate leaves, egg circular shape, serrated or ridged edge, blunt base, sharp tip, wavy surface, green, smooth hair on top and bottom.The leaves have long stalks with narrow linear pinnate bases and eventually widen into a leaf blade. The petiole continues into a single bone in the center with many pinnate and branching veins.The flowers are small in panicles, grow in rows along the stem at the very top and are bluish white. The flower stems have a length of 10 cm, coming out of the axillary or the ends of the stalks that end curling with the petals facing upwards.Indian heliotrope grows wild in fields, rice fields, yards and vacant land. It grows in dry climates from lowlands to an altitude of 800 meters. This plant is often used as traditional medicine including rheumatism, canker sores, lung infections, dysentery, boils, inflammation of the testicles, pain relievers, skin diseases (scabies, boils, eczema), diabetes and diarrhea.The plant contains alkaloids (heliotrine, lasiocarpine, indicine, 12acetyl indicine, indicinine, indicine-n-oxide, retronecine, trachelanthamide, putrescine, spermidine, homo spermidine, permine), cardenolin and flavonoids.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: BoraginalesFamily: BoraginaceaeSubfamily: HeliotropioideaeGenus: HeliotropiumSpecies: Heliotropium indicumLearn more: dlium.com/2020/11/indian-heliotrope-heliotropium-indicum.htmlLocation: Grabag, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Common water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) - part 2 Dlium 2023-06-17 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=Y16Ha5K1TNI#Dlium Water hyacinth or common water hyacinth or Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederia crassipes) is a species of plant in the Pontederiaceae, a free-floating perennial aquatic herb with wide, thick, glossy, ovoid leaves and can rise up to 1 meter above the water surface.P. crassipes has leaves 10-20 cm in diameter on stems which float in bulb-like nodules that float above the surface of the water. Hairy roots, purple-black and hanging freely. Stems long, supple and round. Stems erect to support 8-15 flowers, mostly lavender to pink with 6 petals.Habitats range from tropical to subtropical deserts or warm and semi-desert to rainforest zones. Minimum growth is at 12C (54F), optimal growth is 25-30C (77-86F) and maximum growth is 33-35C (91-95F). pH tolerance 5.0-7.5. Leaves die in frost and do not tolerate water temperatures over 34C (93F).This species does not grow in an average salinity greater than 15% seawater (5g/kg salt). Leaves show epinasti and chlorosis in brackish water and eventually die.Water hyacinth grows in shallow ponds, wetlands and swamps, slow flowing water, lakes, water reservoirs and rivers. These plants can adapt to extreme changes in water level, water currents, nutrient availability, pH, temperature and toxins in the water.The rapid growth of water hyacinth is mainly due to water containing high nutrients, especially those rich in nitrogen, phosphate and potassium. Salt content can inhibit growth as occurs in lakes on the coast of West Africa where it will increase during the rainy season and decrease when the salt content rises during the dry season.This plant contains hydrogen cyanide, alkaloids, triterpenoids and can cause itching. Plants sprayed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid can accumulate lethal doses of nitrates and other harmful elements in polluted environments.One of the fastest growing plants known, water hyacinth reproduces primarily via stolons which eventually form new plants. Each plant can also produce thousands of seeds every year and these seeds can last more than 28 years. Hardy plant and mats can double in size in one to two weeks. They multiplied more than a hundred times in a matter of 23 days.The roots naturally absorb several organic compounds which are believed to be carcinogenic in concentrations 10,000 times that of the surrounding water.A series of studies showed that within 24 hours it absorbed cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and chrom (Cr). Chrom (Cr) can be maximally absorbed by water hyacinth at pH 7 where Cr drops to 51.85 percent. Plants also absorb pesticide residues. This species removes arsenic from drinking water.This plant is an excellent source of biomass. One hectare of plants produces more than 70,000 m3/ha of biogas. One kg (2.2 lb) of dry matter can produce 370 liters (13 cu ft) of biogas, a heating value of 22,000 kJ/m3 (590 Btu/cu ft) compared to pure methane (895 Btu/ft3).Farmers dry the crop as fuel and the ash is used as fertilizer. One ton of dried water hyacinth produces about 50 liters of ethanol and 200 kg of residual fiber (7,700 Btu). One ton of bacterial fermentation produces 26,500 ft3 of gas (600 Btu) with 51.6% (CH4), 25.4% (H2), 22.1% (CO2), and 1 .2% (O2).Gasification of one ton of dry matter by air and steam at high temperatures (800C or 1,500F) produces about 40,000 ft3 (1,100 m3) of natural gas (143 Btu/ft3) containing 16.6% H2, 4 .8% CH4, 21.7% CO, 4.1% CO2 and 52.8% N2.This plant is used for furniture, handbags, baskets, rope and household items, wicker, interior products and paper. This plant is used as a carotene-rich table vegetable. Flowers are used for horse skin medicine.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: CommelinalesFamily: PontederiaceaeGenus: PontederiaSubgenus: OshunaeSpecies: Pontederia crassipesAfrikaans: Nyllelie, Waterhiasint, SnotterbelArabic: ورد النيل سميك الساقCatalan: Jacint d'aiguaChinese (Simplified): 凤眼蓝 - 水葫芦Chinese (Traditional): 布袋蓮 - 鳳眼藍 布袋蓮Czech: tokozelka nadmutáDayak: Ilung-ilungDutch: waterhyacintEnglish: Nile Lily, Water Hyacinth, Common water hyacinthFinnish: kellusvesihyasinttiFrench: Jacinthe d'eauGerman: Dickstielige WasserhyazintheHebrew: איכהורניה עבת רגלHindi: पानी जलकुंभीHungarian: közönséges vízijácintIndonesian: Eceng GondokItalian: Giacinto d'acquaJapanese: ホテイアオイ - 布袋葵Korean: 부레옥잠Lampung: RinggakManado: TumpeNahuatl: CamalotlPalauan: bungelralmPalembang: KelipukPortuguese: Aguapé, Gigoga, Jacinto-d'água, Jacinto-de-águaRussian: Эйхорния толстоножковаяSinhala: ජපන් ජබරSpanish: Buchón de Agua, Camalote, Lila de agua, Lila de caño, Lirio acuático sudamericanoSwedish: vattenhyacintThai: ผักตบชวาLearn more: dlium.com/2020/01/common-water-hyacinth-eichhornia.htmlLocation: Grabag, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Dragon primrose (Ludwigia adscendens) Dlium 2023-06-15 | #Dlium Water primrose or water-dragon or dragon primrose (Ludwigia adscendens) is a plant species in the Onagraceae, a floating herbaceous perennial with a spongy and white float, large and cylindrical stems, growing floating on the surface of the water and crawling over the surface of wet soil.L. adscendens has simple leaves with elliptical blades, thick, 0.4-7 cm long, 0.7-3 cm wide, apex sharp or rounded, margins even, dark green and shiny, a main vein in the center with many small pinnate vein. Petiole short 0.5-1.0 cm.Disc-shaped flowers, white or cream with a yellow center, appear singly in the leaf axils, each having 5 sepals, 5 petals and 10 stamens. Flowers have long stalks and white hair.This species grows to float on calm, clear fresh water and permanently wet land with plenty of sunlight in rivers, canals, canals, farmland, roadsides and other inundated places.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: MyrtalesFamily: OnagraceaeGenus: LudwigiaSpecies: Ludwigia adscendensSubspecies: Ludwigia adscendens ssp. adscendens, Ludwigia adscendens ssp. diffusaArabic: تنين الماء Chinese (Simplified): 水龙Chinese (Traditional): 白花水龍 - 水龍 - 過塘蛇English: Dragon primrose, Water-dragon, water primroseHebrew: רקפת הדרקון Hindi: ड्रैगन प्रिमरोज़ Indonesian: KrangkingJapanese: ケミズキンバイJavanese: Tapak Dhoro BanyuKorean: 용 앵초 Nahuatl: āchichilacachticRussian: Людвигия восходящаяThai: แพงพวยน้ำLearn more: dlium.com/2023/06/dragon-primrose-ludwigia-adscendens.htmlLocation: Grabag, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Lavender sorrel (Oxalis barrelieri) - part 2 Dlium 2023-06-13 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=vkoCpRWvtBwDlium Calincing or lavender sorrel (Oxalis barrelieri) is a species in the Oxalidaceae, shrub with erect stems, cylindrical or linear angled, slender, green, 20-150 cm tall, leaves with three strands, flowers bright red with a greenish or yellow base.O. barrelieri has leaves with three strands at the end of a long stalk, two opposite and one at the tip. The strands are oval or round or elongated, green and hairy, blunt ends, margins thickened and dark in color, a large vein in the center with many pinnate small veins.The flowers are star-shaped with five cones, large aisles, bright red or bluish-white and the center is bright yellow. The fruit is capsule-shaped, elongated with sharp corners and bright green.Lavender sorrel grows solitary in forests, farmlands, river-side roads and lots of sun or little shade. Spesies ini digunakan sebagai obat antidiare dan anti-diabetes. Ethanol extract has antihyperglycemic potential and can also accelerate the wound healing process in rats that have been induced by streptozotocin.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: OxalidalesFamily: OxalidaceaeGenus: OxalisSubgenus: ThamnoxysSection: ThamnoxysSpecies: Oxalis barrelieriArabic: حميض الخزامىChinese (Simplified): 土杨桃 - 立性酢浆草Chinese (Traditional): 立性酢漿草English: Barrelier's woodsorrel, Calincing, Lavender SorrelHebrew: חומצת לבנדרHindi: लैवेंडर सॉरेलIndonesian: Calincing, Calincing Tanah, Belimbing Tanah, belimbing miniJapanese: ラベンダースイバKorean: 라벤더 밤색Portuguese: AzedinhaThai: สีน้ำตาลลาเวนเดอร์Learn more: dlium.com/2021/08/lavender-sorrel-oxalis-barrelieri.htmlLocation: Salaman, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) - part 4 Dlium 2023-06-11 | Part 3: youtube.com/watch?v=9Xrx4GvNiwkPart 2: youtube.com/watch?v=lHfMzreEI8kPart 1: youtube.com/watch?v=L1nbrJ_DwK4#Dlium Kapuk randu or Java cotton or silk-cotton or kapok (Ceiba pentandra) is a species of plant in the Malvaceae, fruit that creates an atmosphere on the streets resembling snowfall with scattered fibers, grows under an elevation of 500 meters and rainfall of 1500-2500 mm/year.C. pentandra grows to as high as 60-70 m, trunks 3 m in diameter, bark brownish green, roots spread horizontally from the ground surface. Stems soar singly without branches or can also be branched and often also found thorns.The fruit is a source of fiber for mattresses, pillows, clothing, heat insulation and sound proofing. The dried skin of the fruit can be used as fuel. The seeds contain oil which is used as a lubricant, lamp oil and energy raw material. Cultivation plants generally only grow up to 10-30 m.Tree fruiting first at 4-5 years and economic age up to 60 years. Leaves, flowers and young fruit can be eaten. Plants have biomedical potential that has not been much researched. The leaves are commonly used to treat diarrhea, skin disorders, sedatives and pain relievers. Buds to treat asthma.The leaves produce organic compounds including 174 mg/g phenolics, 4.54 mg/g alkaloids, 26 mg/g flavonoids, 0.48 mg/g tannins, 1.55 mg/g saponins, 0.15 mg phytic acid. /g, trypsin inhibitor 14.54 mg/g, hemagglutinin inhibitor 9.65 mg/g and oxalic acid 0.1 mg/g. The fatty acid derivatives are palmitic acid and linoleic acid.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: MalvalesFamily: MalvaceaeSubfamily: BombacoideaeGenus: CeibaSpecies: Ceiba pentandraArabic: كابوك Austria: Kapokbaum, WollbaumBelize: Ya'axchèChinese (simplified): 吉贝, 美洲木棉Chinese (traditional): 吉貝 (美洲木棉)Chontal: Li-mis-gash-pupiCzech: vlnovec pětimužnýDanish: KapoktræEnglish: Kapok, Kapok Tree, Silk Cotton Tree, Java Cotton, Java Kapok, Silk-cotton, SamaumaFilipino: BuboiFinnish: kuitukapokkipuuFrench: Fromager, KapokierGerman: Kapokbaum, WollbaumHebrew: קאפוק Hindi: कपोक Hong Kong: 吉貝 - 美洲木棉Huasteco: UnupIndonesian: Kapuk Randu, Kapuk, Randu, Kapas Jawa atau Kapuk Jawa, Pohon Kapas SutraJapanese: インドキワタ, カポック, パンヤ, パンヤノキKorean: 카폭Kwéyòl: fwonmajéMacao: 吉貝 - 美洲木棉Maya: CeiboMayan (Yucatec): YaxchèMixteco: TunuumNahuatl: PochotlPalauan: KalngebardPapiamentu: KatunbòmPolish: puchowiec pięciopręcikowyPopoluca: CuypishtinPortuguese: Mafumeira, Paina-lisa, Sumaumeira, Sumaúma, Sumaúma-da-várzea, Sumaúma-verdadeira, Árvore-da-lã, Árvore-da-seda, Árvore-de-lãRussian: Сейба пятитычинковая, Хлопковое деревоSpanish: Ceiba, PochotaSwedish: kapokTaiwan: 吉貝 - 美洲木棉Thai: นุ่นTotonaco: PochotaTseltal: Yas teZapoteco: YagaxeniYuhu: BozaiLearn more: dlium.com/2019/08/kapok-ceiba-pentandra.htmlLocation: Grabag, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina) Dlium 2023-06-09 | #Dlium Balsam or rose balsam or touch-me-not or spotted snapweed or garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina) is a plant species in the Balsaminaceae, annual plant, fibrous roots, 20-75 cm high, stems thick but soft, cylindrical, bright green or red and has many branches.I. balsamina has leaves arranged spirally, oblong-ovate in shape, 2.5-9 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide, scalloped edges, sharp tip, a main vein in the center with many small veins pinnate and green.Flowers are bright red or red or mauve or purple or lilac or white, 2.5-5 cm in diameter and have long stalks. The seed capsule is elliptical in shape, green in color and has white hair. The mature seed capsule undergoes explosive dehiscence. Flowers are pollinated by bees, insects and nectar-feeding birds.Many are found in the lowlands to an elevation of 1000 meters. This plant is not drought tolerant, so it cannot live in dry and arid areas. Likes soil conditions with good drainage and sufficient light intensity.Various parts of the plant are used as traditional medicine for rheumatism, broken bones, constipation, gastritis and skin diseases. The juice from the leaves is used to treat warts, snake bites and fish poison. Flowers are used for burns. Plant extracts to stimulate hair growth.The seed pods are active against antibiotic-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori. It is also an inhibitor of 5α-reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (the active form of testosterone), thereby reducing the action of testosterone in the body.The leaves are crushed to color the nails. The flowers are ground and mixed with alum to produce an orange dye that can be used to color semi-permanent nails, so colored nails must grow over time to remove traces of the color.Naphthoquinones lawone or hennotannic acid, lawone methyl ether and methylene-3,3'-bilawsone are some of the active compounds in the leaves. It also contains kaempferol and some of its derivatives. Baccharane glycosides have been found in Chinese herbal medicine made from the seeds.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: EricalesFamily: BalsaminaceaeGenus: ImpatiensSubgenus: ImpatiensSection: UnifloraeSpecies: Impatiens balsaminaArabic: بلسم الحديقة Armenian: ՀինածաղիկAustria: BalsamineChinese (Simplified): 凤仙花Chinese (Traditional): 鳳仙花Czech: netýkavka balzamínaDutch: Balsemien, TuinbalsemienEnglish: Garden balsam, balsam or rose balsam or touch-me-not or spotted snapweedEspírito Santo: Beijo-de-fradeEstonian: aedbalsamiin, balsamiinlemmaltsFinnish: mummonpalsamiFrench: Impatiente balsamineGerman: BalsamineHebrew: בלסם גן Indonesian: Pacar AirJapanese: ホウセンカJavanese: Pacar cai, Pacar banyuKorean: 봉선화Maluku: Inai anyerNusa Tenggara: Pacar foya, Pacar aikPalauan: HosengkaPortuguese: Beijo-de-fradeRussian: Недотрога бальзаминоваяSpanish: Balsamina asiática, Beso de noviaSulawesi: Tilang gele duluku, Kolendingi unggaagu, Bunga jabelu, Giabebe, Gofu, Laka gofu, Bunga tahoSumatera: Clahine, ParuinaiSwedish: balsaminThai: เทียนดอกLearn more: dlium.com/2023/06/garden-balsam-impatiens-balsamina.htmlLocation: Grabag, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Calabash tree (Crescentia cujete) - part 2 Dlium 2023-06-07 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=OHLzWvpEJH0#Dlium Berenuk or calabash tree (Crescentia cujete) is a plant species in Bignoniaceae, a medium-sized tree, grooved trunk and leathery trunk, leaves are distinctively arranged in three pairs, fruit has a round and large shape, often used as a medicinal ingredient.C. cujete has a height of up to 10 m, the stem is cylindrical, grooved, branched and blackish white. The leaves have short stalks, are compound, pinnate, oval, tapered or rounded and 10-15 cm long.Single flower, growing from branches or twigs. The fruit is round or ovoid, large like a ball, has a stalk, has thick skin, smooth surface and is green in color. The seeds are square and brown.The leaves, stems and fruit contain saponins, polyphenols and flavonoids. The leaves are used as a medicine for new wounds and hypertension. Fruits and seeds to treat diarrhea, stomach ache, colds, bronchitis, asthma, and difficulty urinating. Fruit is also used as a craft medium.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: LamialesFamily: BignoniaceaeTribe: CrescentieaeGenus: CrescentiaSpecies: Crescentia cujeteArabic: شجرة كالاباش Chinanteco: cuaChinese (Simplified): 葫芦树Chinese (Traditional): 葫蘆樹 - 蒲瓜樹Chontal: le-uaCzech: maraka chrastiváEnglish: Calabash TreeFrench: calebasseGerman: KalebassenbaumHebrew: עץ קלבשHindi: कैलाश ट्री Indonesian: BerenukJapanese: ヒョウタンノキ - フクベノキKorean: 호리병박- 호리병박 나무Kwéyòl: kalbasMaya: luchMixe: japtNahuatl: sihuajcalPortuguese: Cabaça, Cabaceira, Cabaça-de-árvore, Coité, Cuia-de-árvore, Cuieira, Cuité, CujubaRussian: Калебасовое деревоSpanish: Calabazo, Güira, Güiro, Higüero, Higüero galión, Jigüero, Jícaro, Pilchi, mate, bototo, calabaza, maraca, puro, totumo, Tecomate, Totumo, jicara, Árbol de las calabazasThai: น้ำเต้าต้นTotonaco: maxat kgaxZapoteco: guito-xigaZoque: totumoLearn more: dlium.com/2021/01/calabash-tree-crescentia-cujete.htmlLocation: Salaman, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Ri palm (Ri purwo) Dlium 2023-06-05 | #Dlium Palem ri or ri palm (Ri purwo) is a plant species in Arecaceae, erect, tubular stems, straight or slightly curved, green in color, leaf marks are clearly visible at more or less equal distances, growing solitary or in rare colonies with three items.Ri purwo has dark green or brown leaf sheaths with long thorns. The spines sit irregularly, the base is wide and white, the tip is slender and black.Leaf stalks are green, shiny, brown scaly and spiny. The thorns sit irregularly and are getting rarer to the end. The spines have a wide base and are white, the tips are slender and black.Leaf bone are green, shiny and prickly. The spines have a wide base and are white, the tips are slender and black. Ribbon-shaped leaves and sit opposite.Ri palm grows in primary forest, mixed forest, coastal forest, near the beach, waterlogged or dry soil, hot temperature and high humidity.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: ArecalesFamily: ArecaceaeSubfamily: ArecoideaeTribe: AreceaeSubtribe OncospermatinaeGenus: RiSpecies: Ri purwoLearn more: dlium.com/2023/06/ri-palm-ri-purwo.htmlLocation: Tegaldlimo, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Bloodleaf (Iresine diffusa f. herbstii) Dlium 2023-06-03 | #Dlium Bayam merah or chicken gizzard plant or Herbst's bloodleaf (Iresine diffusa form herbstii) is a form in Amaranthaceae, a shrub with upright stems or vines and branches, red in color, flowers in panicles at the ends of the stems, grows in damp or slightly wet places.I. diffuse f. hersbstii grows upright, the stem has grooves, is not woody, red in color and the segments are continuous. Leaves come in a variety of shapes and colors. Oval to elongated, base rounded to sharp, tip rounded to sharp. Petiole short to long.A central vein, several pinnate veins, flat margins, upper surface red and black or green and yellow. Small flowers.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: CaryophyllalesFamily: AmaranthaceaeSubfamily: GomphrenoideaeGenus: IresineSpecies: Iresine diffusaForm: Iresine diffusa f. herbstiiArabic: أوراق الدم Chinese (Simplified): 血苋 -血叶Chinese (Traditional): 洋莧 - 血莧 -血葉English: Bloodleaf, Chicken gizzard plant, Herbst's bloodleafHebrew: עלה דםHindi: खून का पत्ताIndonesian: Bayam MerahJapanese: アキランテスKorea: 블러드 리프Spanish: Oreja de mono, Púrpura PeruanaThai: ผักแผ่วแดงLearn more: dlium.com/2023/06/bloodleaf-iresine-diffusa-f-herbstii.htmlLocation: Salaman, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Woodland false buttonweed (Spermacoce remota) Dlium 2023-06-01 | #Dlium Siwingan or woodland false buttonweed (Spermacoce remota) is a plant species in the Rubiaceae, an upright or spreading perennial herb up to 50 cm high, rectangular stems with scaly hairs on the ridges, branched and green in color.S. remote has leaf blades 50-70 mm long, 15-23 mm wide, petioles short and hairy. 5-6 lateral veins on each side of the midrib. Bare surface, undersurface with a few hairs along the veins. Stipules interpetiolar, hairy, margin scalloped with 7 teeth or pegs and teeth about 2-4 mm long.Inflorescence in dense axillary fascicles. Individual flowers are about 5 mm in diameter. The calyx lobes are 0.5-1 mm long and are covered with hair. The corolla tube is about 2.5 mm long, the lobes 2–2.5 mm long and are covered with hairs only on the outer surface near the apex. The anthers are 1 mm long. The filaments are 1-1.5 mm long and are attached to the corolla tube.This species grows near sea level to an elevation of 900 meters. It grows in disturbed areas and along paths and roads, rainforests, mahogany forests, teak forests, riparian forests and most of the Pantropical countries.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: GentianalesFamily: RubiaceaeSubfamily: RubioideaeTribe: SpermacoceaeGenus: SpermacoceSpecies: Spermacoce remotaArabic: عشب الزينة الكاذب في الغابةChinese (Simplified): 光叶丰花草Chinese (Traditional): 光葉豐花草 - 光葉鴨舌癀舅English: Woodland false buttonweed, buttonweedHebrew: עשב כפתורים מזויף ביערHindi: वुडलैंड फाल्स बटनवीडIndonesian: SiwinganJapanese: ナガバハリフタバKorean: 우드랜드 거짓 단추풀Russian: Спермакоце расставленнаяThai: หญ้าเขมรLearn more: dlium.com/2023/06/woodland-false-buttonweed-spermacoce.htmlLocation: Salaman, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Greater galangal (Alpinia galanga) Dlium 2023-05-30 | #Dlium Lengkuas or galangal or greater galangal (Alpinia galanga) is a plant species in the Zingiberaceae, growing to a height of 3 meters or more, underground rhizomes and small adventitious roots, young stems emerge as shoots from the base of old stems, the entire stem is covered with leaf sheaths or stems pseudo.A. galanga has leaves with short stalks, elongated lanceolate in shape, pointed tip, blunt base, flat edge, 25-50 cm long, 7-15 cm wide, 15-30 cm leaf midrib, grooved and green in color.Compound inflorescence in bunches, long stalks, erect and gathered at the end of the stalk. There are more flowers at the bottom than at the top of the stalk so that they are in the shape of an elongated pyramid. Petals are bell-shaped and greenish-white.The crown that is still a bud at the tip is white and the bottom is green. Flower lip has a length of 2.5 cm, white with a bright red oblique line on each side. The crown that is still in bud has a white color, while the base is green.Buni fruit, round, hard, green when young and brown when old. The seeds are small, oval in shape, green when young and turn red, then black when old.Tubers are white or red. Rhizome creeping, large, thick, fleshy, cylindrical, 2-4 cm in diameter and branching. The outer part is brown, slightly reddish or greenish yellow, the scales are white or reddish, hard and shiny. The inside is white.The rhizome has a distinctive aroma, rough and spicy when it is old. The rhizome turns green, the fiber becomes hard and tough when dried. The taste is sharp, spicy, biting and smells good because of the essential oil content.Galangal is a type of spice that is widely grown. Generally for a mixture of spices and traditional medicine. Utilization for cooking by beating the rhizome, then just dipping it into the cooking mixture, while for traditional medicine that is widely used is the red cultivar.This species grows in open areas, in full sun or partial shade. Grows well in moist, loose soil. Grows poorly in flooded soils. It thrives in the lowlands to an elevation of 1200 meters. This plant grows wild in teak forests, pine forests or in shrubs.The history of the cultivation and trading of spices originally took place on the island of Java. Galangal is still widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, especially in the Greater Sunda Islands and the Philippines. Cultivation has also spread to Southeast Asia, including Thailand.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: ZingiberalesFamily: ZingiberaceaeSubfamily: AlpinioideaeTribe: AlpinieaeGenus: AlpiniaSpecies: Alpinia galangaAklanon: EangkawásArabic: خلنجانCambodia: រំដេងChinese (Simplified): 大高良姜Chinese (Traditional): 南薑 - 大高良薑 - 高良薑Dayak Ngaju: LangkuasDayak Iban: EngkuasEnglish: Galanga, GalangalIndonesian: Laos, LengkuasHebrew: גלנגלHindi: कुलंजनIlokano: LangkuásJapanese: サンキョウ - ナンキョウJavanese: LaosKadazan Dusun: HongkuasKorean: 갈랑가Polish: Alpinia galgantProto-Western Malayo-Polynesian: LaŋkuasRussian: Альпиния галангаSanskrit: कुलञ्जाSpanish: Galanga, GalangalSri Lanka: අරත්තSundanese: LajaTagalog: Langkuás, langkáwasTamil: பேரரத்தை - பெரியரத்தைThai: ข่าUrdu: خولنجانLearn more: dlium.com/2023/05/greater-galangal-alpinia-galanga.htmlLocation: Salaman, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Bandicoot berry (Leea indica) Dlium 2023-05-27 | #Dlium Girang or bandicoot berry (Leea indica) is a plant species in Vitaceae, an upright shrub to a small tree, often with several trunks, growing 2-10 meters and sometimes up to 16 meters with a trunk diameter of about 19 cm, single root light brown and rigid.L. indica has woody stems, branched, cylindrical in shape, vines and green when young. Compound leaves, minor lanceolate leaves, short stalks, serrated edges, pointed tip, rounded base, 6-25 cm long, 3-8 cm wide, pinnate veins, hairy and green. Leaf marks are clearly visible.Compound flowers, forming panicles and umbrella-shaped in the leaf axils. Star-shaped petals, 2-5 cm long and whitish yellow. Torn-shaped crown. The anthers are white.The fruit is round, 12 mm in diameter, when young it is green and when it is old it is purple-black. The seeds are small, triangular in shape and yellowish white in color.It grows in primary rainforest, mountain, secondary rainforest, monsoon forest, coastal forest, mixed forest, teak forest, occasionally found in scrub, freshwater swamp forest and grasslands. Spread in the lowlands to an elevation of 1700 meters. Grows well in full or partial sun, preferring moist, fertile and well-drained soil.Leaves contain flavonoids, steroids, saponins and polyphenols. Fruit contains flavonoids. Bark contains alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids. The roots contain flavonoids, steroids, saponins and tannins. The seeds contain saponins, flavonoids and polyphenols.The root is useful as an antifungal drug, malaria, and stomach ache. The leaves are pounded until smooth and rubbed in places that are allergic or itchy. The leaves are pounded until smooth, then paste on the left and right temples to treat headaches. Ethanol extract has been shown to selectively inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.001-0.1 mg/ml.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: VitalesFamily: VitaceaeGenus: LeeaSpecies: Leea indicaArabic: الفاكهة اللصوص Chinese (Simplified): 火筒树Chinese (Traditional): 印度火筒樹 - 火筒樹English: Bandicoot BerryHebrew: פרי השודד Hindi: दस्यु फलIndonesian: GirangJapanese: インドオオウドノキKorean: 산적 과일Palauan: sengallRussian: Леея индийскаяSpanish: Baya bandicootThai: กะตังใบLearn more: dlium.com/2023/05/bandicoot-berry-leea-indica.htmlLocation: Kokap, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Broadleaf lady palm (Rhapis excelsa) Dlium 2023-05-25 | #Dlium Palem jari or broadleaf lady palm or little lady palm (Rhapis excelsa) is a species of plant in the Arecaceae, forming dense clumps with broad, fan-shaped, dark green leaves, growing up to 4 meters and a stem diameter of 30 mm.R. excelsa is a multi-stemmed clump with glossy leaves divided into broad, ribbed segments. Leaf segments are single or few in young plants and increase to a dozen or more in mature plants. Segments are divided on the petiole.Slender petioles with a length of 20-60 cm. New leaves emerge from the fibrous sheaths that remain attached to the base. As the plant ages, the petals fall off to reveal a bamboo-like stem.Small inflorescence at the top of the plant with fleshy flowers which are arranged spirally and contain three petals fused at the base. Ripe fruit is fleshy and white. This species prefers to propagate via underground rhizome branches.The stem height reaches 2.5 m with a frond diameter of 15-21 mm and 8-12 mm without fronds. The leaf sheaths loosely wrap around the stem, usually with outer and inner fibers of equal thickness, producing a squarish web, some young sheaths with flatter and coarser outer fibers and tomentum, the ligule not remaining intact at maturity.Petiole up to 4 mm wide, margin often smooth, rarely scabby, often contains brown papillae. V-shaped or semicircular blade, variable in size, often with a prominent palm, segments 4-13, crease 11-25, up to 375 mm long, broad, sides relatively straight, slightly tapering at base and apex, apex sometimes clustered, usually truncated, with regularly toothed secondary divisions, primary divisions up to 2.5-61 mm from base of blade, sometimes with brown papillae at base and along ribs, sometimes scaly along adaxial ribs, thick texture, adaxial and abaxial surfaces have color which are similar, often with a yellow tinge, adaxial sometimes darker, transverse leaf veins conspicuous.Male and female inflorescences are similar in general appearance and branch into 2 or 3 orders. Tubular prophyll, overlapping base of first bract rachis, relatively thin texture, reddish-brown, sometimes darker at base, inner surface smooth, outer surface with tomentum often only at distal end.Rachis bracts 2-3, sometimes with incomplete distal bract, similar to profile. Overall length rachis up to 260 mm, diameter 4-8 mm. Rachillae 7.5-110 mm long, 0.8-1.9 mm in diameter, usually glabrous, pale brown, sometimes with a small patch of tomentum caducous. Solid flowers on rachillae.Male flowers are round when young, elongated when mature measuring 5.2 x 3.8 mm. Petals up to 2.8 mm, lobes up to 2 mm, usually with regular margins. Corolla sometimes narrows into a short stalk up to 1 mm long. Filaments, rows up to 2.2 mm shorter, rows longer, up to 2.5 mm, broad, up to 0.4 mm, adaxial keel, triangular cross-section. Pistillode sometimes present.Female flowers up to 3.6 x 3.2 mm. Petals to 2.3 mm. Corolla with receiver stem up to 1.1 mm. Staminode is present. Fruit sometimes with 3 developed carpels, often only one reaching maturity, up to 8-10 x 8 mm, borne on a short receptive stalk up to 2 mm long, translucent shiny epicarp, small papillose, with inconspicuous black lenticels.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: ArecalesFamily: ArecaceaeSubfamily: CoryphoideaeTribe: TrachycarpeaeSubtribe: RhapidinaeGenus: RhapisSpecies: Rhapis excelsaPublications :Anh, T.T.P. & Henderson, A. (2017). Thực Vật Chí Việt Nam. Flora of Vietnam 13: 1-414. Nhà xuất bản khoa học và kỹ thuật, Hà Nội.Govaerts, R. & Dransfield, J. (2005). World Checklist of Palms: 1-223. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Henderson, A. (2009). Palms of Southern Asia: 1-197. Princeton university press, Princeton and Oxford.Henderson, A. (2016). A revision of Rhapis (Arecaceae). Phytotaxa 258: 137-152.Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (2016). Flora of Japan IVb: 1-335. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 23: 1-515. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.Arabic: نخيل سيدة عريضة الأوراق Chinese (Simplified): 棕竹Chinese (Traditional): 棕竹 - 觀音棕竹Czech: Rapis ztepiláEnglish: Broadleaf Lady Palm, Little Lady PalmGuangdong: 棕竹Hebrew: דקל גברת רחב עלים Hindi: ब्रॉडलीफ लेडी पाम Hong Kong: 棕竹Indonesian: Palm JariJapanese: カンノンチクKorean: 잎이 넓은 레이디 팜Macao: 棕竹Portuguese: Ráfia, palmeira-ráfiaRussian: Рапис высокийSpanish: Palmera bambúTaiwan: 棕竹Thai: จั๋งญี่ปุ่นLearn more: dlium.com/2023/05/broadleaf-lady-palm-rhapis-excelsa.htmlLocation: Kokap, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Fukien tea tree (Ehretia microphylla) Dlium 2023-05-23 | #Dlium Serut pagar or hokianti or Philippine tea tree or Fukien tea tree (Ehretia microphylla) is a plant species in the Boraginaceae, a shrub that grows up to 4 meters high, woody stems with long, drooping and slender branches.E. microphylla usually has leaves 10-50 mm long, 5-30 mm wide and can vary in size, texture, color and margins. The small flowers are white, 8-10 mm in diameter and the corolla has 4-5 lobes. The fruit contains seeds, 4-6 mm in diameter and ripens orange-brown.Seeds are dispersed by fruit-eating birds. It grows in clumps and semi-evergreen vines, prefers dry sites and occasionally occurs in rainforests. The leaves are used to treat coughs, colic, diarrhea and dysentery.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: BoraginalesFamily: BoraginaceaeSubfamily: EhretioideaeGenus: EhretiaSpecies: Ehretia microphyllaArabic: شجرة الشاي الفلبينيةChinese (Simplified): 基及树 - 小叶厚壳树Chinese (Traditional): 小葉厚殼樹 - 滿福木 - 福建茶 - 福建茶 (基及樹)English: Fukien tea tree, Philippine tea treeHebrew: עץ התה פוקיין Hindi: फुकियन टी ट्रीIndonesian: Serut Pagar, HokiantiJapanese: フクマンギKorean: 필리핀 차나무Russian: Эретия мелколистнаяThai: ชาฮกเกี้ยนLearn more: dlium.com/2023/05/fukien-tea-tree-ehretia-microphylla.htmlLocation: Baturetno, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Dear dewflower (Murdannia japonica) - part 2 Dlium 2023-05-21 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=Y6MLakt67nM#Dlium Dear dewflower (Murdannia japonica) is a species of plant in the Commelinaceae, herbaceous perennial, fibrous roots, short main stem, lush stems emerging from the base of the main stem, erect, up to 50 cm high, growing in moist forests, forest boundaries, shrubs, roadsides with elevation 200-2000 meters.M. japonica has several leaves that grow on the main stem, basal and rosulate. Leaf blade elliptical narrow, 8-15 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, glabrous, wavy edge, pointed tip and green.Inflorescences in terminal panicles with long stalks, straight, branching, dark green and red. The elliptical sepals are narrow and 0.5-6 mm long. Flowers are purple or blue or white and ovate.Capsule ellipsoid, trigonous, 5x4 mm, blunt at both ends. Seeds with 2-4 per valve, uniseriate, brown-gray and tetragonal. Flowers bloom in May-July or August-September.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: CommelinalesFamily: CommelinaceaeSubfamily: CommelinoideaeTribe: CommelineaeGenus: MurdanniaSpecies: Murdannia japonicaArabic: عزيزي ديو فلاور Chinese (Simplified): 亲爱的露花 Chinese (Traditional): 親愛的露花 Hebrew: פרח טל יקר Hindi: डियर ड्यूफ्लॉवरIndonesian: Bunga embunJapanese: ディアデューフラワー Korean: 친애하는 이슬꽃Thai: ดอกน้ำค้างที่รักLearn more: dlium.com/2023/05/dear-dewflower-murdannia-japonica.htmlLocation: Kaligesing, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Unipa palm (Areca unipa) Dlium 2023-05-19 | #Dlium Palem unipa or pinang unipa or unipa palm (Areca unipa) is a plant species in Arecaceae, palm slender and solitary, up to 12 meters high, stem diameter up to 7.5 cm, internodes 3-16 cm long, leaf scars 1-1.5 cm wide, green on the near the crown and dark gray to brownish near the base.A. unipa has about 7 leaves on the crown, pinnate, 119 cm long (including petiole). The casing tube is 54 cm long, 7 cm wide, smooth, non-fibrous, shiny cream to bright green and dull green in color. The crownshaft is well defined, up to 75 cm long and up to 7 cm in diameter.The petiole is 16.5 cm long, slightly tuberous adaxially and abaxially rounded. Rachis slender, ascending but not arched, dorsally elongated abaxially and rounded abaxially.Leaflets 9-10 on each side, 9-15 cm apart, basal leaflets approx. 42 x 1-4 cm,3 folds, sigmoid, middle leaf 41-44 cm long, broad at base 1.5-2.5 cm and 7.5-11 cm broad at tip, 5 folds, sigmoid, terminal leaf pairs 14 cm long, 2-4 cm broad at base and 4-7 cm broad at tip, 3-6 folds, broad wedge-shaped to slightly pointed, apex notched, second and third leaf pairs below terminal pair bisected between folds to about halfway to base, thin, colorless, darker in center than below.Infrafoliar inflorescence, slender, 30-40 cm long, 10-15 cm wide, protandrous and branched into 2 orders. Profile elongated, slender, up to 26 x 2 cm (very young stage), double-edged, leathery, cream and light green near apex.Stem 1-4.5 cm long, green with many stellate hairs. Rachis is cream to yellowish green with a thick rusty brown indumentum of stellate hairs. Rachis bracts caducous. Rachillae up to 21 cm long and 1–4 mm wide, slender, pale green, elongated and tortuous near base.Distichous flower clusters on rachillae, only one complete triad including female flowers occurs at the base of each rachilla, the remaining clusters consist of very few paired and solitary male flowers.Male flowers are small, sessile, triangular, elongated or teardrop-shaped, buds 4.5-6 x 2.1-2.5 mm and asymmetric. Sepals 3, low, 2.1-2.5 x 1.1-1.5 mm and united at base. Petals 3, triangular, elongated or spathulate, 4.2-5 x 2.1-3.5 mm and striated.Stamens 6, small, 2.2-2.8 mm long and 1 mm wide. The filaments are thick, 0.9 mm long, 0.1-0.4 mm wide and darker than the anther. Anthers 2.2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, sagittate and longer than filaments. Pistillode longer than stamen, 2.5-3.2 x 0.8-1 mm, trifid.Flower pistil larger than staminate, triangular, borne on enlarged basal portions of rachillae, only one per rachillae, bud size varies greatly depending on stage of development, 1.1 x 0.9 cm (on buds) to 2 x 1 cm ( late blooming).Sepals 3, imbricated strongly, 1.5 x 0.9 mm at anthesis at the end, triangular, asymmetrical and striated. Petals 3, imbricate, triangular, 1.3 x 0.8 mm at anthesis and striated ends. The gynoecium is 7-12 mm long and 3-5 mm long. Stigma 3 mm long, pointed with 3 lobes, 0.3 mm long. A staminodal ring surrounds the gynoecium, 2 mm high, devoid of distinct staminodes.Fruit oval or ovoid with beak at apex, 5.5-6 x 3.5-3.8 cm (unripe fruit), 4-6 mm long and 5-6 mm in diameter. Epicarp smooth, glossy, green when young and red when old, 0.5 cm thick, 1.5 cm thick at base (below the seed). Endocarp very thin, firmly attached to the seed. Seeds oval, slightly flattened at the base and 3 x 2.2 cm (from unripe fruit). Endosperm ruminates. Bifid eophil.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: LiliopsidaOrder: ArecalesFamily: ArecaceaeSubfamily: ArecoideaeGenus: ArecaSpecies: Areca unipaPublications :Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N., Turner, R. & Paton, A. (2021). The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. DOI:10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6. Scientific Data 8: 215.Heatubun, C., Iwanggin, P. & Simbiak, I. (2013). A new species of betel nut palm (Areca: Arecaceae) from western New Guinea. DOI:10.11646/phytotaxa.154.1.4. Phytotaxa 1:154Arabic: يونيبا بالم Chinese (Simplified): 尼帕棕榈 Chinese (Traditional): 尼帕棕櫚 English: Unipa PalmHebrew: דקל אוניה Hindi: यूनीपा पामIndonesian: Palem Unipa, Pinang UnipaJapanese: ウニパヤシKorean: 유니파 야자Thai: นิภาปาล์มLearn more: dlium.com/2023/05/unipa-palm-areca-unipa.htmlLocation: Selomerto, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
Asian foxtail (Uraria crinita) - part 2 Dlium 2023-05-17 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=1oIygOBq3Jo#Dlium Asian foxtail or cat's tail bean (Uraria crinita) is a species of plant in Fabaceae, a perennial, upright shrub with woody stems at least at the base, up to 2 meters high in forests, agricultural land, waterways, used as a medicinal herb, green manure and sometimes planted in the garden as an ornamental plant.U. crinita has elongated leaves, rounded base, pointed tip, a bone in the middle with several pinnate veins, rough surface, dark green with white spots. Petiole short or less than 0.5 cm and brownish red.Compound flower in spike shape, purple and white triangular crown. Long flower stalk, erect, 15-20 cm long and only at the end of the flower. The crown slowly falls off and leaves behind a stalk that is shaped like coir or light yellow pads.Asian foxtail grows in dry grasslands, open forests, trash cans, roadsides, sandy areas and sometimes in deciduous forests, elevations of 0-1500 meters and does not grow in waterlogged places.The different parts are often used in traditional medicine to cure various conditions including dysentery and diarrhea, enlarged spleen and liver and tumors, to stop bleeding, reduce fever and relieve coughs, intestinal worms, carminative for children, remove lice on the hair. This plant is used as a green manure and cover crop.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: FabalesFamily: FabaceaeSubfamily: FaboideaeTribe: DesmodieaeSubtribe: DesmodiinaeGenus: UrariaSpecies: Uraria crinitaArabic: ذيل الثعلب الآسيويChinese (Simplified): 猫尾草Chinese (Traditional): 兔尾草 - 狗尾草 - 貓尾草 - 通天草Japanese: フジボグサHebrew: זנב שועל אסייתי Hindi: एशियन फॉक्सटेलIndonesian: Bunga ekor rubah AsiaKorean: 강아지풀Russian: Урария длинноволосистаяThai: หางหมาจอกLearn more: dlium.com/2021/03/asian-foxtail-uraria-crinita.htmlLocation: Samigaluh, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
African tulip tree (Spathodea campanulata) - part 2 Dlium 2023-05-15 | Part 1: youtube.com/watch?v=DU-LW27AXYIDlium Kiacret or African tulip tree (Spathodea campanulata) is a species of plant in Bignoniaceae, a medium to large tree, growing up to 35 m high, trunk diameter up to 175 cm, flowers are reddish orange or dark red or yellow and are widely planted as ornamental and shade trees in all over the tropics.S. campanulata has a sturdy trunk and occasionally supported, thick branches mottled with small white lenticels. The leaves are opposite, very wide and up to 50 cm long. Leaf blade elliptical or ovate, 15x7.5 cm with 7-8 main veins on each side, pubescent, protruding below, apex slightly sharp, base slightly asymmetrical and stalk up to 6 cm.The flower has a short stalk, 2-3 mm thick, the ribs are almost straight and pubescent brown. Raceme is 8-10 cm long on stalks of the same length and a pair of small leaves about halfway, rachis and stalk thick, pubescent brown, bracts subtending pedicels lanceolate, curved, about 1 cm long, caducous and a pair of bractlets near the pedicel-like apex.The petals are strongly curved upward, asymmetrical, about 5 cm long, pointed, slightly striped, dividing when blooming up to several mm from the base along the curve of the dorsal, apex, horn-like, blunt, sericeous brownish pubic exterior.Crown is reddish orange or dark red or yellow, 10-12 cm long, leg mouth about 7 cm, lobe about 3 cm long, blunt, very sharp edge and orange-yellow. The filaments are about 5 cm long, anthers are dull orange, linear, 15 mm long, yellow in color, 8 cm long and reddish pistils. The fruit is lanceolate and 17-25 x 3.5-7 cm.Kingdom: PlantaePhylum: TracheophytaSubphylum: AngiospermaeClass: MagnoliopsidaOrder: LamialesFamily: BignoniaceaeTribe: TecomeaeGenus: SpathodeaSpecies: Spathodea campanulataSubspecies: Spathodea campanulata ssp. campanulata, Spathodea campanulata ssp. congolana, Spathodea campanulata ssp. niloticaAfrikaans: Afrikaanse VlamboomChinese (Simplified): 火焰木 - 火焰树Chinese (Traditional): 火焰木 - 火焰樹 - 苞萼木Czech: spatodea zvonkovitáDanish: afrikansk tulipantræEnglish: African Flame Tree, African tulip tree, African tuliptree, Flame of the forestFinnish: tulppaanitrumpettiFrench: Tulipier du GabonGerman: Afrikanischer TulpenbaumIndonesian: KiacretJapanese: カエンボクPortuguese: Tulipeira-africanaRussian: Спатодея колокольчатаяSpanish: Amapola, Galeana, Llama del bosque, Mampolo, Tulipán africanoSwedish: afrikansk tulpanträdThai: แคแสดTseltal: tulipánLearn more: dlium.com/2020/08/african-tulip-tree-spathodea-campanulata.htmlLocation: Samigaluh, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia.Aryo BandoroDlium TheDliumWeb: dlium.com
