ALL ABOUT ELECTRONICS
Inverse Laplace Transform Explained (Part-1)
updated
Apart from that, how the ripple counter works as a frequency divider is explained using examples.
And at the end, how by cascading multiple ripple counters, we can design a ripple counter of higher modulus is also explained with simulation results.
The following topics are covered in the videos:
0:00 Introduction
1:10 MOD 5 Ripple Counter (with simulation)
8:10 BCD Ripple Counter (with Simulation)
17:22 Ripple Counter as Frequency Divider
19:53 Cascading of Ripple Counters
In this video, the general procedure for designing the Ripple Counter of any modulus is explained by taking the example of MOD 5 Ripple counter and BCD Ripple Counters. After the design the simulation results of each counters are also shown.
Apart from that, during the decoding the output of the counter, how the glitches in the output can be avoided using the strobing is also explained using the simulation.
After the discussion of MOD 5 and BCD Ripple Counters, how the Ripple Counters in general acts as a frequency divider is explained using couple of examples. And at the end, how to design a Ripple Counters of higher modulus by cascading multiple Ripple Counters is also explained using the simulation.
The link for the other useful videos and playlist:
1) Introduction to Counters:
youtu.be/AKe2T5BkI1U
2) Asynchronous Counters:
youtu.be/fyagSrWSWbc
3) Universal Shift Registers:
youtu.be/JbtqyvLu67c
4) Digital Electronics (Playlist):
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
5) Analog Electronics (Playlist):
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBVM18VZ7JKW-q88FAtnr8_
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the design and working of BCD Ripple Counters and MOD 5 Ripple Counters. And how Ripple Counters acts as a frequency divider.
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#digitalelectronics
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The following topics have been covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:14 2-bit Up/Down Ripple Counters (using negative edge triggered FFs)
9:44 2-bit Up/Down Ripple Counters (using positive edge triggered FFs)
13:33 Ripple Counters using D Flip-Flops and T Flip-Flops
15:22 3-bit and 4-bit Ripple Counters
Check this playlist for more videos on Digital Electronics,
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
Asynchronous Counters:
In Asynchronous counters, only one flip-flop in the counter circuit receives the clock, and the output of that flip-flop is connected to the clock input of the next flip-flop.
The flip-flop which receives the external clock input represents the LSB of the count, and the Flip-flop which receives the clock input at the last in the sequence represents the MSB of the count.
The asynchronous counters also known as the Ripple Counters. The counters which counts in the binary number sequence are known as Binary Counters.
In this video, the circuit diagram, working and the timing diagram of binary up/down Ripple Counters
have been explained in detail.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the Binary Up/Down Ripple Counters.
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the following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 What is Counter?
1:45 Binary Counters
3:10 Modulus of Counter
4:51 Application of Counters
6:55 Types of Counter
For videos on Digital Electronics, check this playlist:
bit.ly/31gBwMa
What is Counter ?
The Counter is sequential circuit which counts the number of times the specific event has been occurred. The input to the counter is applied in the form of digital input pulses. The counter counts the high to low or low to high transition of the input pulses and accordingly it increments its count.
Internally, it is the interconnection of the Flip-Flops.
Modulus of the Counter:
The number of different output states through which counter goes before returning back to its first state is known as the modulus of the counter.
For N-bit Counter, the maximum possible value of the modulus is 2^N - 1.
The modulus of the counter can be less than the maximum possible value.
E.g BCD counter is MOD-10 Counter. (Although it is 4-bit counter)
Types of Counter:
1. Asynchronous Counter
2. Synchronous Counter
Applications of Counter:
1. Counting
2. Time Measurement
3. Frequency Division
4. Analog to Digital Converters
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0:00 Introduction
2:19 Example 1
9:06 Example 2
More videos related to Shift Register:
1) What is Shift Register? Types of Shift Registers:
youtu.be/bAQfPQqKCHs
2) Serial In Serial Out (SISO) Shift Register:
youtu.be/r4bfEqZNSyo
3) What is universal Shift Register ?
youtu.be/JbtqyvLu67c
4) Applications of Shift Register:
youtu.be/xwafUfsqHGA
Binary Sequence Generator using Shift Register:
Using the combinational circuit in the feedback of the shift register, it is possible to generate the specific pattern of the desired length.
To design the sequence generator one can follow these steps:
1) Find the required number of Flip-Flops
2) Write the sequence in a tabular form for each Flip-Flop output
3) Check whether the output state of the Flip-Flop is not repeating during the sequence
4) If any output state of the Flip-Flop is appearing more than once, then add one more flip-flop and repeat step-2, until you find all unique output states.
5) The output of the Flip-Flops (Q0, Q1, Q2 etc) will be the input to the combinational circuit.
Find the output of the combinational circuit (F) in terms of Q0, Q1 and Q2 etc from the table.
6) Using the K-map, find the simplified expression.
7) From the simplified expression, select the logic circuit for the feedback.
This video will be useful to all the students of science and engineering for understanding how to design the sequence generator using the shift register.
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 What is Pull-up and Pull-down Resistor ?
5:20 Applications of Pull-up Resistor
8:57 How to select the pull-up resistor value for specific application ?
The link for the other useful videos:
1) What is Buffer and Tri-State Buffer ?
youtu.be/VKU9ciJb5u4
2) Difference between Latch and Flip-Flop ?
youtu.be/LTtuYeSmJ2g
What is Pull-up and Pull-down resistor ?
The pull-up resistor pulls up the voltage of the digital pin to logic HIGH and it prevents it from the floating condition (when the pin is interfaced with a switch).
The pull-up resistors are often used with the open collector gates and open collector ICs and they are important part of the I2C protocol.
The pull-down resistor works exactly opposite to the pull-up resistor. It pulls down the voltage of the digital pin to logic LOW and prevents it from the floating condition.
While using these pull-up and pull-down resistor in any circuit, the selection of the proper value of the resistor is also very important.
In this video, how to select the value of pull-up resistor for the specific application is explained using the calculations.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the pull-up and pull-down resistors and how to select the pull-up resistor for the specific application.
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#PullupResistor
#ElectronicsBasic
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Apart from the storage, the shift registers are used in many different applications.
here is the list of some applications.
1) Delay Generation
2) Serial to Parallel and Parallel to Serial Conversion
3) Sequence Detection
4) Sequence Generation
5) Designing Ring and Johnson Counter
6) PRBS generation
7) Arithmetic Operation (Multiplication and Division)
In this video, all these different applications of the shift registers have been explained in detail.
Link for the other useful videos related to Shift Registers:
1) What is Register?
youtu.be/bAQfPQqKCHs
2) Shift Register: SISO Shift Register
youtu.be/r4bfEqZNSyo
3) Shift Register: SIPO, PISO and PIPO Shift Register
youtu.be/r4bfEqZNSyo
4) Universal Shift Register:
youtu.be/JbtqyvLu67c
For more information, please check the timestamps:
Timestamps:
0:00 Generating a Time Delay
1:36 Serial to Parallel and Parallel to Serial Conversion
3:24 Sequence Detection
4:47 Ring Counter and Johnson Counter
12:28 Sequence Generation
14:28 Pseudo Random Binary Sequence Generation (PRBS Generator)
18:25 Arithmetic Operations
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the applications of shift register.
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#shiftregister
#digitalelectronics
#sequentialcircuits
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
0:40 Serial IN Parallel OUT Shift Register (SIPO)
5:44 Parallel IN Serial OUT Shift Register (PISO)
10:58 Parallel IN Parallel OUT Shift Register (PIPO)
11:50 Universal Shift Register
Serial In Serial OUT Shift Register (SISO):
youtu.be/r4bfEqZNSyo
For videos on Digital Electronics check this playlist:
bit.ly/31gBwMa
For more videos on Analog Electronics, check this playlist:
bit.ly/3QtqdnN
Serial In Parallel OUT Shift Register (SIPO):
In this register, the data is shifted in the register serially, but it is taken out parallelly.
Parallel In Serial OUT Shift Register (PISO):
In this register, the data is loaded parallelly in the shift register, but it moved out serially.
Parallel In Parallel OUT Shift Register (PIPO):
In this register, the data is loaded parallelly in the shift register, and it is also taken out parallelly.
Universal Shift Register:
The universal shift register has shift right, shift left and parallel load capability. Depending on the two selection line, it can be used in any one of the 4 modes. In this video, the different modes of the Universal Shift Registers are explained using the diagram.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the different types of shift register .
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#digitalelectronics
#shiftregister
#sequentialcircuits
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 What is Digital Buffer?
0:51 Why Buffers are used in Digital Circuits?
3:15 What is Tri-State Buffer?
6:20 Applications of Tri-State Buffer
9:06 Bi-Directional Tri-State Buffer
For videos on Digital Electronics, check this playlist:
bit.ly/31gBwMa
For more videos on Analog Electronics, check this playlist:
bit.ly/3QtqdnN
What is Buffer?
Buffer is a Logic gate, whose output is the same as the input. It has a high current
driving capability. It is typically used in digital circuits when one wants to drive the low impedance load or to increase the circuit's fanout.
What is Tri-State Buffer?
It is the buffer with two inputs. The Data Input and Control Input.
The control input decides whether the input will reach to the output or not.
When the control input is high then the Tri-State buffer acts as a normal buffer. And when the control input is low then it operates in Hi-Z mode. In this mode, the buffer provides high impedance and it isolates the output from the input side.
This buffer has three output states, logic '1', logic '0', and Hi-Z mode. Since it has three output states, so it is known as the Tri-State Buffer or Three State Buffer.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding what is buffer and Tri-State buffer, and why they are used in digital circuits.
#allaboutelectronicsquiz
#digitalelectronics
#logicgates
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:08 Design and Working of Shift Right Shift Register
12:09 Shift Left Shift Register
13:05 Bidirectional Shift Register
The link for the other useful videos related to Digital Electronics:
1) Digital Electronics (Playlist):
bit.ly/31gBwMa
2) Shift Register:
youtu.be/bAQfPQqKCHs
3) D Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/EILb-DrYr8A
4) Multiplexer:
youtu.be/aQlF-9i3fAA
Serial In Serial Out (SISO) Shift Register:
In this type of shift register, the data is moved to the register serially and it is also taken out serially.
Depending on the direction in which the data is moving, there are two types of SISO registers.
1) Shift Right Shift Register
2) Shift Left Shift Register
In Shift Right Shift Register, the data inside the register is moving from left to right. The input is applied to the MSB of the Register, and the output is taken at the LSB of the register.
In this video, the design and working of the shift right shift register is explained in detail.
In Shift Left Shift Register, the data inside the register is moving from right to left. The input is applied to the LSB of the register and the output is taken at the MSB of the register.
In general, for n-bit SISO register, to load the n-bit data, n clock pulses are required and to move out the same data, n-1 clock pulses are required.
Bidirectional Shift Register:
The Shift Register, which can shift the data in both left and right direction is known as the Bidirectional Shift Register.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the design and working of Serial In Serial Out (SISO) shift register and Bidirectional Shift Register .
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#digitalelectronics
#sequentialcircuits
#shiftregister
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 What is Register ?
1:12 Basic Design of 4 bit Register (with LOAD and CLEAR inputs)
7:10 What is Shift Register ? Types of Shift Registers
Link for the other useful videos/ Playlist:
1) Digital Electronics (Playlist):
bit.ly/31gBwMa
2) Analog Electronics (Playlist):
bit.ly/3QtqdnN
3) JK Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/LOPHyHOMcLI
4) Master Slave JK Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/XgRmLl9uRfI
What is Register:
Register is a group of Flip-Flops which shares the common clock and can store n-bit of binary data.
What is Shift Register:
A register capable of shifting the binary information between the neighbouring Flip-Flops in the selected direction is known as the Shift Register.
Types of Shift Registers:
Depending on how the data is loaded in the Shift Register and how the data is accessed from the Shift Register, there are four types of Shift Registers.
1) Serial IN Serial OUT (SISO)
2) Serial IN Parallel OUT (SIPO)
3) Parallel IN Serial OUT (PISO)
4) Parallel IN Parallel OUT (PIPO)
Applications of Shift Registers:
1) Data Storage
2) Arithmetic Operations
3) Providing Time Delay
4) Serial to Parallel Data Conversion
5) Parallel to Serial Data Conversion
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding what is Registers in Digital Circuits, the basic design of Registers and Types of Shift Registers.
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#ShiftRegister
#digitalelectronics
#sequentialcircuits
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In this video, the behaviour of the flip-flop with the PRESET and CLEAR input is explained using the truth table. And at the later part of the video, the flip-flop circuit with PRESET and CLEAR input is also explained.
The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 What is Synchronous Input ?
1:10 Asynchronous Inputs (PRESET and CLEAR)
5:22 Logic Circuit of Flip-Flop with PRESET and CLEAR inputs
10:52 Why Flip-Flop requires Asynchronous input
The link for other useful videos / Playlist:
1) Digital Electronics (Playlist):
bit.ly/31gBwMa
2) Analog Electronics (Playlist):
bit.ly/3QtqdnN
3) Network Analysis (Playlist):
bit.ly/3RLgESj
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding what is PRESET and CLEAR inputs in Flip-Flop.
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#digitalelectronics
#sequentialcircuits
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Check these other valuable videos related to Digital Electronics:
1) T Flip-Flop
youtu.be/hw2rWOlg9x4
2) Karnaugh Map (K-map):
youtu.be/lw1STgKUpW0
3) JK to SR Flip-Flop, JK to D Flip-Flop, and JK to T Flip-Flop Conversion:
youtu.be/bl77FRTAXWA
4) SR to JK Flip-Flop, SR to D Flip-Flop, and SR to T Flip-Flop Conversion:
youtu.be/PMJ09EwvnF0
5) D to SR Flip-Flop, D to JK Flip-Flop, and D to T Flip-Flop Conversion
youtu.be/zEHoFrGYwdA
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the T to SR, T to JK, and T to D Flip-Flop Conversion.
Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
0:50 T to SR Flip-Flop Conversion
5:31 T to JK Flip-Flop Conversion
9:16 T to D Flip-Flop Conversion
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#digitalelectronics
#SequentialCircuits
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Check these other valuable videos related to Digital Electronics:
1) SOP and POS form | Minterms and Maxterms
youtu.be/YmKmS9bpMqM
2) Karnaugh Map (K-map):
youtu.be/lw1STgKUpW0
3) JK to SR Flip-Flop, JK to D Flip-Flop, and JK to T Flip-Flop Conversion:
youtu.be/bl77FRTAXWA
4) SR to JK Flip-Flop, SR to D Flip-Flop, and SR to T Flip-Flop Conversion:
youtu.be/PMJ09EwvnF0
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the D to SR, D to JK, and D to T Flip-Flop Conversion.
Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
0:50 D to SR Flip-Flop Conversion
4:41 D to JK Flip-Flop Conversion
8:11 D to T Flip-Flop Conversion
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#digitalelectronics
#SequentialCircuits
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Check these other useful videos related to Digital Electronics:
1) SOP and POS form | Minterms and Maxterms
youtu.be/YmKmS9bpMqM
2) Karnaugh Map (K-map):
youtu.be/lw1STgKUpW0
3) SR Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/CiS7N2C8-Ik
4) JK Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/LOPHyHOMcLI
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the JK to JK, JK to D, and JK to T Flip-Flop Conversion.
Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
0:54 JK to SR Flip-Flop Conversion
5:34 JK to D Flip-Flop Conversion
8:51 JK to T Flip-Flop Conversion
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#digitalelectronics
#SequentialCircuits
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Check these other useful videos related to Digital Electronics:
1) SOP and POS form | Minterms and Maxterms
youtu.be/YmKmS9bpMqM
2) Karnaugh Map (K-map):
youtu.be/lw1STgKUpW0
3) SR Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/CiS7N2C8-Ik
4) JK Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/LOPHyHOMcLI
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the SR to JK, SR to D, and SR to T Flip-Flop Conversion.
Chapters:
0:00 Introduction to Flip-Flop Conversion
2:46 SR to JK Flip-Flop Conversion
10:29 SR to D Flip-Flop Conversion
13:18 SR to T Flip-Flop Conversion
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#digitalelectronics
#SequentialCircuits
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
0:30 Rise Time and Fall Time
2:28 Setup Time and Hold Time
4:17 Propagation Delay of Flip-Flop
6:10 Effect of Flip-Flop timings on the Sequential Circuit
13:15 Example
Digital Electronics (Playlist):
bit.ly/31gBwMa
What is Rise Time and Fall Time:
Rise time is the time required by the signal to reach from 10 % to 90% of the signal amplitude.
Fall time is the time required by the signal to reach from 90 % to 10 % of the signal amplitude.
Setup Time and Hold Time:
Setup time is the time duration up to which the input signal to the flip-flop should remain stable before the arrival of the clock edge.
Hold time is the time duration up to which the input signal to the flip-flop should remain stable after the arrival of the clock edge.
Propagation Delay:
It is the time delay after the clock edge after which the output of the flip-flop will change based on the input signal.
In this video, different flip-flop timings are explained using the waveform and how this timings decides the maximum operating clock frequency of the sequential circuit is explained using examples.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the different flip-flop timings like setup time, hold time and propagation delay.
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#digitalelectronics
#sequentialcircuit
#Setuptime
#Holdtime
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Race Around Condition in JK Flip-Flop
1:52 Circuit Diagram of Master-Slave JK Flip-Flop
3:47 Working of Master-Slave JK Flip-Flop
15:04 Master Slave D Flip-Flop and SR Flip-Flop
Master-Slave Flip-Flop Notes:
allaboutelectronics.org/master-slave-flip-flop-explained
The link for the related videos:
1) JK Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/LOPHyHOMcLI
2) SR Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/CiS7N2C8-Ik
3) SR Latch and Gated SR Latch:
youtu.be/xONsaRVYQmA
4) T Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/hw2rWOlg9x4
5) D Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/EILb-DrYr8A
The Master-Slave JK Flip-Flop:
The Master-Slave JK flip-flop consists of two gated SR latches. One latch acts as a master latch, while the other acts as a slave latch. The J and K inputs are applied to the master latch. Apart from that, the outputs of the Slave latches are connected back to the master latch to use the SR latch as the JK latch.
In this Master-Slave Flip-Flop, the clock signal is directly applied to the master latch and it is connected to the slave latch via an inverter (NOT gate). Therefore, at a time only one latch is active.
In the master-slave configuration, during the ON time of the clock, the master responds to the input. And during the OFF time of the clock, the slave latch follows the master output.
Since at a time, only one latch is active, this configuration avoids the race around condition, which is typically seen in the JK Flip-Flop.
In this video, the working of the master-slave JK flip-flop is explained using the timing diagram.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the Master-Slave Flip-Flop.
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#DigitalElectronics
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Truth Table of T Flip-Flop
2:14 Characteristic Equation of T Flip-Flop
4:14 Excitation Table of T Flip-Flop
5:38 Circuit Diagram and Working of T Flip-Flop
For notes, check this link:
bit.ly/3nS6lPl
T Flip-Flop:
In the T Flip-Flop, when its input is 0, then it holds the current state of the Flip-Flop. And when its input is 1 then its output toggles. Since its output toggles when T=1, it is known as toggle flip-flop.
For more videos on Digital Electronics, check this playlist:
bit.ly/31gBwMa
Other useful videos related to Flip-Flops:
1) SR Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/CiS7N2C8-Ik
2) D Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/EILb-DrYr8A
3) Latch and Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/LTtuYeSmJ2g
4) JK Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/LOPHyHOMcLI
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the T Flip-Flop.
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#digitalelectronics
#sequentialcircuits
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The following topics are covered in this video:
0:00 Introduction
1:41 Working and the Logic Circuit of the JK Flip-Flop
8:51 Characteristic Equation of JK Flip-Flop
12:07 Excitation Table of JK Flip-Flop
16:43 Timing Diagram of JK Flip Flop
18:05 Race Around Condition in JK Flip Flop
For notes, check this link:
bit.ly/3cna9FP
For more videos on Digital Electronics, check this playlist:
bit.ly/31gBwMa
Other useful videos related to Flip-Flops:
1) SR Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/CiS7N2C8-Ik
2) D Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/EILb-DrYr8A
3) Latch and Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/LTtuYeSmJ2g
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the JK Flip-Flop.
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#digitalelectronics
#jkflipflop
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
0:52 Truth Table of D Flip-Flop
3:27 Timing Diagram of D Flip-Flop
6:20 Characteristic Equation of D Flip-Flop
8:05 Excitation Table of D Flip-Flop
9:17 Logic Circuit of D Latch, Gated D latch, and D Flip-Flop
D Flip-Flop:
In the D Flip-Flop, the output of the flip-flop is the same as the input. If the input is 0 then the next state of the flip-flop will be 0 and if the input is 1 then the next state will be 1.
The D-Flip Flop captures the input data at every clock transition and it holds that until the next clock transition. It is used in many sequential circuits like data registers and counters.
In this video, the truth table, logic circuit, the excitation table, and the characteristic equation of the D flip-flop are explained in detail.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the D Flip-Flop.
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#digitalelectronics
#sequentialcircuit
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Why Flip-Flop is preferred over a Latch in Sequential Circuits
6:00 Positive Edge Triggered SR Flip-Flop (Symbol, Truth Table, Timing Diagram)
11:33 Negative Edge Triggered SR Flip-Flop (Symbol, Truth Table, Timing Diagram)
13:13 Characteristic Equation and Characteristic Table of SR Flip-Flop
18:12 Pulse Transition Detector for Flip-Flop
For more info, check these other useful videos:
1) Latch and Flip-Flop Explained
youtu.be/LTtuYeSmJ2g
2) SR Latch and Gated SR Latch
youtu.be/xONsaRVYQmA
3) Introduction to Sequential Circuits:
youtu.be/fLN1YOmuAr8
4) Digital Electronics (Playlist):
bit.ly/31gBwMa
Link for the Multisim Simulation :
bit.ly/3tGWBuL
SR Flip-Flop:
In this video, first, the importance of Flip-Flop over the latch in the Sequential Circuits is explained using one example.
And then the working of the positive and the negative edge-triggered SR flip-flops are explained using the truth table and the timing diagram.
The characteristic Equation of the SR Flip-Flop:
The characteristic equation of the Flip-Flop shows the output of the flip-flop in terms of the present state and the inputs.
For SR Flip-Flop if Qn is the present state and, S and R are the inputs, then the next state of the Flip-Flop (Q n+1) can be given as
Q n+1 = S + R' Qn
In this video, the characteristic equation of the SR flip-flop is derived, and in the later part of the video, the pulse transition detection circuit for the Flip-Flop is also discussed.
This video will be useful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the working of the SR Flip-Flop.
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#digitalelectronics
#SequentialCircuit
#FlipFlop
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The following topics are covered during the video:
0:00 Design of Basic Memory Element using Logic Gates
3:30 SR Latch using NOR Gates (Logic Circuit, working and Truth Table)
11:18 SR Latch using NAND Gates (Logic Circuit, working and Truth Table)
16:18 Gated SR Latch
19:14 Gated SR Latch using NAND Gates
23:50 Gated SR Latch Timing Diagram
The link for the other useful videos:
1) Latch and Flip-Flop:
youtu.be/LTtuYeSmJ2g
2) Introduction to Sequential Circuits:
youtu.be/fLN1YOmuAr8
3) Digital Electronics (Playlist)
bit.ly/31gBwMa
SR Latch:
The SR latch has two inputs (SET and RESET) for setting and resetting the 1-bit of information.
And it has two complementary outputs Q and Q'.
When S is 1 and R is 0 then latch Sets the output to logic '1'.
When S is 0 and R is 1 then latch Resets the output to logic '0'.
And when both S and R inputs are 0 then latch retain the currently stored information.
In the active high SR latch, S = 1 and R = 1 input combination is forbidden.
In this video, the SR latch is designed using NOR gates and NAND gates. And the working of the latch is explained for the different input combinations.
Gated SR Latch:
The normal SR latch is transparent, because it immediately responds to the change in input .
But the Gated SR latch has control / enable input. When this enable input is high, then only it becomes transparent to the inputs. In this video, the design of Gated SR latch using the NOR gates and NAND gates is explained.
And its working is explained using the timing diagram.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the Design and working of SR Latch and Gated SR Latch.
#allaboutelectronics
#digitalelectronics
#SRLatch
#RSLatch
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:01 What is Latch? What is Gated Latch?
4:52 What is Flip-Flop? Difference between the latch and flip-flop
The link for the other useful videos:
1) What is Sequential Circuit?
youtu.be/fLN1YOmuAr8
2) Digital Electronics (Playlist):
bit.ly/31gBwMa
Latch and Flip-Flop
The latch and flip-flop are the basic memory element that stores 1-bit ( 0 or 1) of information.
Since the output of these memory elements has two stable states ( 0 or 1), they are also known as a bi-stable multivibrator.
Difference Between Latch and Flip-Flop:
The Latch is a level-sensitive memory element. It responds to the input level change immediately.
sometimes it is also known as a transparent latch (because it responds to the change in input immediately)
The transparent latch with the control input / enable input is known as the Gated Latch. This type of latch becomes transparent when the enable input is high.
Although Latch behaves as an Asynchronous memory element, it can be used as a Synchronous memory element by applying the periodic clock signal at the control / enable input.
In this case, still it is level sensitive. Because it responds to the change in the input when the clock signal / enable input is high. And in this way, it is sensitive to the clock signal level.
The flip-flop is an edge-sensitive memory element. It responds to the input at the clock transitions.
If the flip-flop responds to the input at the rising edge of the clock then it is called a positive edge-triggered flip-flop. And if the flip-flop responds at the falling edge of the clock then it is called a negative edge-triggered flip-flop.
In this video, the difference between the latch and flip-flop is explained using the timing diagram.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding what is Latch and Flip-Flop, and what is the difference between Latch and Flip-flop.
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#Latch
#FlipFlop
#DigitalElectronics
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By watching this video, you will learn the following topics.
0:00 What is Sequential Circuit?
3:33 Block Diagram of Sequential Circuit
5:43 Asynchronous Sequential Circuit
6:42 Synchronous Sequential Circuit
7:33 What is a clock signal? The basic terminologies related to the clock signal
9:55 Edge Triggered and Level Triggered Sequential Circuits
For more info, check this Digital Electronics Playlist:
bit.ly/31gBwMa
What is Sequential Circuit?
The Sequential Circuit is a type of digital circuit where the output of the circuit depends on the current inputs, as well as the past sequence of inputs.
And since the output depends on the past inputs, this Sequential Circuit also has a memory element.
In this video, the block diagram of the Sequential Circuit has been explained using the example.
Types of Sequential Circuits:
There are two types of Sequential Circuits
1) Synchronous Sequential Circuits
2) Asynchronous Sequential Circuits
Asynchronous Sequential Circuits:
The Asynchronous Sequential Circuits respond to the change in the input immediately.
In these circuits, the memory element within the circuit responds to the change in the input immediately.
Synchronous Sequential Circuits:
In these circuits, the memory element within the circuit responds to change in the input only at the discrete-time intervals. The output state of the memory element changes as per the clock signal.
The Synchronous Sequential Circuits can be further classified into two types:
1) Edge Triggered
2) Level Triggered
Level Triggered Sequential Circuits:
In these circuits, the memory element within the circuit responds to the input, when the clock level goes high. (or low). These circuits are sensitive to the clock level.
Edge Triggered Sequential Circuits:
In these circuits, the memory element within the circuit responds to the input during the clock transition. (At the rising or the falling edge of the clock signal)
In this video, the basics of the Sequential Circuit and its different aspects are explained in detail.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the basics of the Sequential Circuits.
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#SequentialCircuits
#DigitalElectronics
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Music Credit: http://www.bensound.com
The following topics are covered in this video:
0:00 Limitations of Binary Encoder
1:06 4 to 2 Priority Encoder (Working, Truth Table, and Logic Circuit)
7:59 8 to 3 Priority Encoder (Working, Truth Table, and Logic Circuit)
17:53 Simulation of 8 to 3 Priority Encoder
19:19 8 to 3 Priority Encoder using 4 to 2 Priority Encoders
26:50 Simulation Result
The link for the other useful videos:
1) Encoder
youtu.be/NWiPVMDh7GE
2) Decoder
youtu.be/a3wh7xV5PBU
3) Multiplexer
youtu.be/aQlF-9i3fAA
4) Demultiplexer
youtu.be/eeWHM3zzK3M
5) Digital Electronics (Playlist)
bit.ly/31gBwMa
74148 Datasheet:
bit.ly/3ywkcRV
Priority Encoder:
In Priority Encoder, unlike the normal Binary Encoder, each input has assigned a priority.
When more than one inputs are high, then the encoder gives the output corresponding to the input which has a higher priority. In this video, the working of 4 to 2 and, 8 to 3 Priority Encoder is explained using the truth table. And based on the truth table, how to design the logic circuit of the Priority Encoder is also explained in detail.
Finally, with the help of the Simulation of the Logic Circuit (of 8 to 3 Priority Encoder), the working is explained.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the Priority Encoder.
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#PriorityEncoder
#DigitalElectronics
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Music Credit: http://www.bensound.com
By watching this video, you will learn the following topics:
0:00 What is Encoder?
1:02 4 to 2 Encoder
2:38 8 to 3 Encoder (Octal to Binary Encoder)
4:40 Applications of Enocder
6:46 Decimal to BCD Encoder
9:01 Limitations of Encoder
11:43 Introduction to Priority Encoder
The link for the other useful videos:
1) Decoder:
youtu.be/a3wh7xV5PBU
2) Multiplexer:
youtu.be/aQlF-9i3fAA
3) Digital Electronics (Playlist):
bit.ly/31gBwMa
What is Binary Encoder:
The binary encoder is the combinational circuit which converts the input binary information into the compact binary code. The Encoder has N outputs and 2^N or fewer inputs. Its working is exactly opposite to the Decoder.
For the normal binary encoder, it has been assumed that only one input is high at any given time.
And depending on the particular high input, the. the Encoder generates the N-bit code at the output.
Depending on the number of inputs and output we have different types of Encoders.
4 Line to 2 Line Encoder, 8 to 3 Encoder (Octal to Binary Encoder) are the few examples of the Binary Encoder.
Limitations of Binary Encoder:
1) If more than one inputs are high then the output of the Binary Encoder is invalid.
2) When all inputs of the Encoder are zero, or when the first input of the Encoder is high then the output of the encoder is same. (All N output bits are 0). In other words, for two different input conditions, the output of the encoder is same.
These two limitations can be eliminated using the priority encoder.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the binary encoder and its working and applications.
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#Encoder
#BinaryEncoder
#DigitalElectronics
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 What is Demultiplexer? Types of Demultiplexer
2:41 Applications of Demultiplexer
4:05 Decoder as Demultiplexer and the logic circuit of DEMUX
7:05 1 to 16 DEMUX using 1 to 8 DEMUX
8:55 1 to 16 Demultiplexer using 1 to 4 Demultiplexer
10:45 Logic Circuit Implementation using Demultiplexer
The link for other useful videos:
1) Decoder in Digital Electronics:
youtu.be/a3wh7xV5PBU
2) Multiplexer Explained
youtu.be/aQlF-9i3fAA
3) Digital Electronics (Playlist):
bit.ly/31gBwMa
What is Demultiplexer?
The decoder is a combinational circuit that has 1 input and M outputs and depending on the inputs at the selection lines, the input of the demultiplexer appears at one of the outputs. That's why it is also called, one to many device.
If the multiplexer has N selection lines then total 2 ^ N outputs can be distinguished using the N selection lines.
Depending on the number of selection lines and outputs, there are different types of Demultiplexers.
e.g 1 to 2 Demultiplexer, 1 to 4 Demultiplexer, 1 to 8 Demultiplexer etc.
Applications of Demultiplexer:
In time-division multiplexing applications, the multiplexer and demultiplexer are used together. The multiplexer is used on the transmitter side, while the demultiplexer is used on the receiver side.
It can also be used for Serial to Parallel Conversion.
And since the design of Demultiplexer is similar to the Decoder, it can also be used in all the applications where the decoder is used.
The Decoder as Demultiplexer:
In this video, how to use the decoder as a demultiplexer is explained. And at the later part of the video, using the Demultiplexer, how to implement the different Boolean Functions is also explained.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding what is demultiplexer, its applications, and how to use demultiplexer for implementing different logic circuits.
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#Demultiplexer
#DigitalElectronics
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:02 NOT gate using the Multiplexer
2:00 AND gate using the Multiplexer
5:00 OR gate using the Multiplexer
6:52 NOR gate using the Multiplexer
8:52 NAND gate using the Multiplexer
10:53 XOR gate using the Multiplexer
12:28 XNOR gate using the Multiplexer
For more information, check this video on multiplexer:
youtu.be/aQlF-9i3fAA
Implementation of the logic gates using the multiplexer:
The multiplexer itself is made up of different logic gates. But sometimes, during the design of any logic circuit, if any logic gate IC is not available then multiplexer IC can be used as a logic gate.
In this video, how to design different logic gates using 2 x 1 MUX is explained in detail.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in learning the implementation of the different logic gates using the multiplexer.
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#Multiplexer
#DigitalElectronics
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 What is Multiplexer?
3:10 The logic circuit of 2 to 1 multiplexer and 4 to 1 Multiplexer
6:12 8 to 1 Multiplexer using 4 to 1 Multiplexer (and 2 to 1 MUX)
8:51 8 to 1 Multiplexer using 2 to 1 Multiplexers
11:58 16 to 1 Multiplexer using 4 to 1 Multiplexers
12:43 Boolean Function Implementation using Multiplexer
For more videos related to Digital Electronics, check this playlist:
bit.ly/31gBwMa
What is Multiplexer?
The Multiplexer is the combinational circuit that has M inputs, 1 output, and N selection lines. And using the selection lines, any one of the inputs is connected to the output. The multiplexer is often referred as MUX during the block diagram representation.
If the multiplexer has M inputs then the total number of selection lines are log 2 (M).
Or if the multiplexer has N selection lines then the total number of inputs are 2 ^N.
Depending on the number of inputs and selection lines, there are different types of multiplexers, e.g 2 x 1 MUX, 4 x 1 MUX, 16 x 1 MUX, etc.
Large Multiplexer using Small Multiplexer:
As the number of inputs to the multiplexer increase, the required number of AND/ OR gates also increases. And hence the cost and the complexity of the design also increase. So, typically the large multiplexer is designed using the small multiplexers.
In this video, the design of 8 x 1 MUX using 4 x 1 MUX and 2 x 1 MUX is explained.
Boolean Function Implementation using Multiplexer:
The multiplexer can be used to implement different Boolean Functions.
In this video, two different methods for Boolean Function Implementation are shown using examples.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding what is multiplexer and how to implement Boolean functions using the Multiplexer.
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#Multiplexer
#DigitalElectronics
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 What is Decoder?
2:01 Applications of Decoder
5:13 Circuit Diagram of 3 to 8 Decoder and BCD to Decimal Decoder
9:55 4 to 16 Decoder using 3 to 8 Decoders
11:58 3 to 8 Decoder using 2 to 4 Decoder
13:15 5 to 32 Decoder using 3 to 8 Decoders
16:35 Implementation of Logic Circuit using Decoder
For more information, check this playlist on Digital Electronics
bit.ly/31gBwMa
What is Decoder?
The Decoder is the logic circuit that has N inputs and M outputs. And depending on the input combination of N inputs, only one of the M outputs is high.
Applications of Decoder:
1) Coder Conversion
2) Address Decoding in Processor
3) Generating the control signals for peripheral devices
4) Implementing logic circuits (e.g Full adder, parity generator, etc.)
In this video, the logic circuit of 3 to 8 decoder and BCD to decimal Decoder is explained in detail. And at the later part of the video, how to design 5 to 32 decoder using 3 to 8 Decoders is also explained.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the basics of the decoder and its different applications.
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#Decoder
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:02 1-bit Magnitude Comparator
2:37 2-bit Magnitude Comparator
12:19 4-bit Magnitude Comparator
17:00 4-bit and 8-bit Comparator using 7485 IC
Digital Electronics (Playlist):
bit.ly/31gBwMa
Quiz-394
youtu.be/nbAmOzvDc0c
What is Magnitude Comparator:
The Magnitude Comparator or Digital Comparator is the digital circuit that compares the two binary numbers and determines whether the one number is greater than, less than, or equal to the other number.
In this video, the design of a 1-bit, 2-bit, and 4-bit comparator is explained in detail.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the design of the Magnitude Comparator (Digital Comparator).
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#DigitalComparator
#Comparator
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:43 Odd and Even Parity Generator (Working and Design)
5:59 Odd and Even Parity Checker (Working and Design)
For more information, check this video on Parity:
youtu.be/Bwih7_AT1oI
What is Parity?
Parity Bit is a simple form of error detecting code, where the additional bit is added along with the data bits.
There are two types of Parity:
1) Odd Parity
2) Even Parity
Odd Parity:
In odd parity, the parity bit is set in such a way that the total number of 1s in the code, including the parity bit is Odd.
Even Parity:
In Even parity, the parity bit is set in such a way that the total number of 1s in the code, including the parity bit is Even.
For error detection, the parity bit is appended with data bits, and the code is sent to the receiver.
At the receiver, the parity checker circuit checks the parity of the received code and detects the error.
Limitations of Parity Bit:
The Parity bit can detect only odd numbers of errors. If there are even a number of errors in the received code, it will remain undetected.
Moreover, the Parity bit can just detect the error in the code (if the number of errors in the received code is odd) but it can't correct the error.
In this video, the design of the 3-bit Parity Generator and 4-bit parity checker is explained using a truth table.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the design and working of the Parity Generator and Parity Checker circuits.
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
0:30 4-bit Subtractor Circuit (using Full Subtractors)
3:23 4-bit Subtraction using adder circuit
9:29 4-bit Adder / Subtractor circuit
For more information, check these videos:
1) Half Adder and Full adder
youtu.be/5XbRIVWFRIw
2) Ripple Carry Adder
youtu.be/b70ZQwci5sY
3) Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor
youtu.be/lqN8xLTtdaA
4-bit Adder / Subtractor Circuit:
In this video, the circuit for the 4-bit adder and subtractor is explained. By watching this video, you will learn how to design a logic circuit that can perform both addition and subtraction.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the design of a 4-bit adder/ subtractor circuit.
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By watching this video, you will learn what is half and full subtractors and how to implement a full subtractor using half subtractors.
Timestamps:
0:00 Half Subtractor
3:34 Full Subtractor
11:11 Full Subtractor using Half Subtractors
What is Half Subtractor?
It is the combinational circuit that performs the subtraction of two input bits and generates the difference and borrow bits as an output.
The logic circuit of the Half subtractor consists of one two-input XOR gate (Difference output) and, one AND gate and NOT gate (Borrow Output).
The Boolean expression of Difference and Borrow output of Half Subtractor:
D = A (XOR) B (The difference output)
B = A'B. (The borrow output)
The half-subtractor circuit can perform the subtraction of two one-bit numbers without any borrow input. It is suitable for the subtraction of the two one-bit numbers at the LSB positions.
Full Subtractor:
The Full-subtractor is the combinational circuit that performs the subtraction of two input bits and the incoming borrow bit and generates the difference and the borrow bits as an output.
The Boolean expression of Difference and Borrow output of Full Subtractor:
D = A (XOR) B (XOR) Bin
Bout = A'B + Bin [ A (XOR) B ] '
The Full Subtractor circuit can be implemented using the two Half Subtractors and one OR gate. In this video, the design of Full Subtractors using Half Subtractors is also explained.
Digital Electronics (Playlist):
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor Circuits, and how to design a Full Subtractor using Half Subtractors.
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#FullSubtractor
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Timestamps:
0:00 Limitation of Ripple Carry Adder
2:00 Carry Generation and Carry Propagation logic in CLA
4:40 Carry Look Ahead logic for 4-bit Adder
10:28 Delay Comparison between Ripple Carry Adder and Carry Look Ahead Adder
13:30 Limitations of Carry Look Ahead Adder
14:52 16-bit Adder using 4-bit CLA blocks
Digital Electronics (Playlist):
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
Carry Look Ahead Adder:
In Carry Look Ahead Adder, using the Carry Look Ahead logic (the additional combinational circuit), the carry bit of each adder is generated at the same time.
In this Look Ahead Carry Adder, each stage of the adder receives the carry bit at the same time. And hence, the speed of the addition is much faster than Ripple Carry Adder.
As the number of bits in the adder circuit increases, the improvement in the speed is more prominent.
Limitation of Carry Look Ahead Adder:
As the number of bits in the adder increases, the cost and the complexity of the design increase.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the Carry Look Ahead Adder (CLA).
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And at the later part of the video, the Solved example related to Ripple Carry Adder is also explained.
The Following Topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
0:55 n-bit Parallel Adder (Ripple Carry Adder) and it's working
4:16 Limitation of Ripple Carry Adder (using Example)
10:01 Solved Example
Ripple Carry Adder:
In Ripple Carry Adder, to add two n-bit numbers, the n-number of full-adder stages are cascaded. The output carry of one adder is given as an input to the next higher full-adder stage.
Because of this arrangement, the carry has to propagate through each full-adder stage before it reaches the final stage of the adder. That is why it is known as the Ripple Carry Adder.
This adder is also known as the parallel adder.
Limitation of Ripple Carry Adder:
Each full-adder stage has its own propagation delay. That means the moment we apply the input bits, the valid sum and carry output will be after finite delay. This propagation delay depends on the internal circuit of the full-adder as well as the propagation delay of each logic gate in the logic circuit.
Because of this propagation delay, the carry output of each stage is available only after the propagation delay. And for the input carry, each stage has to wait until its previous stage generates the valid carry output. Therefore, the full-adder at the MSB position has to wait for the incoming carry for the longest time.
Because of this carry propagation delay, the valid sum and carry output of the n-bit adder is available after a certain delay. And as the number of bits in the adder stage increases, this delay also increases.
In this video, the limitation of this Ripple Carry Adder is explained using a couple of examples.
For more videos related to digital circuits, check this playlist:
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) technique.
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#ParallelAdder
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Timestamps:
0:00 Half Adder Circuit
3:41 Full Adder Circuit
11:52 Full Adder using Half Adders
For notes, check this link:
allaboutelectronics.org/half-adder-and-full-adder-explained
Half Adder:
The Half Adder is the combinational circuit that adds the two bits and generates the Sum of two bits and Carry bit as an output.
The logic circuit of the Half adder consists of one two-input XOR gate (Sum output) and one AND gate (Carry Output).
The Boolean expression of Sum and Carry output of Half Adder:
S = A (XOR) B
C= AB
The half-adder circuit can add two one bits numbers, but if there is an incoming carry from the previous addition then it cannot be added using the Half adder.
Full Adder:
The Full-adder is the combinational circuit that adds the two bits and the incoming carry bit and generates the Sum bit and Carry bit as an output.
The Boolean expression of Sum and Carry output of Full Adder:
S = A (XOR) B (XOR) Cin
Cout= AB + BC + AC
Cout = AB + Cin [ A (XOR) B ]
The Full Adder circuit can be implemented using the two Half Adders and one OR gate. In this video, the design of Full Adder using Half Adders is also explained.
Digital Electronics (Playlist):
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the Half Adder and Full Adder Circuits, and how to design a Full Adder using Half Adders.
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#FullAdder
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Chapters:
0:00 What is Don't Care Condition
2:07 Example 1
4:52 Example 2
8:32 Example 3
Don't Care Condition:
In digital circuits, many times some input combinations are never used. The output for these unused input combinations is un-specified. (e.g in 8421 BCD code, the six combinations are invalid codes ). Such input combinations are known as don't care combinations and in the K-map, such don't care terms are defined by either X or d. In the K-map, these don't care terms can be used for the minimization of the Boolean Function.
In this video, through the different examples, it has been explained that how to use the don't care condition in the K-map for the minimization of the Boolean Function.
Digital Electronics (Playlist)
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding what is don't care condition in Digital Circuits and how to use them in the K-map during the minimization of Boolean Function.
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#KarnaughMap
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:21 What is Implicant?
2:46 What is Prime Implicant and How to Identify the Prime Implicant in K-map?
7:49 What is Essential Prime Implicant and How to Identify it in the K-map?
What is Implicant?
A minterm or group minterms which are adjacent and can be combined in the K-map are called Implicant.
What is Prime Implicant?
The largest group of "1"s which can be circled to cover the particular "1" (minterm) in the K-map is called Prime Implicant.
What is Essential Prime Implicant?
It is the prime implicant where at least one minterm or is not covered by any other prime implicant in the K-map.
Minimizing the Boolean Function using Essential Prime Implicants:
During the Minimization, by identifying the Prime Implicants and the Essential Prime Implicants, systematically we can find the minimal expression of the given Boolean function.
Steps for finding the Minimal Expression:
1) Find the Essential Prime Implicants and add them to the final solution
2) Determine the minterms in the K-map which are not covered by Essential Prime Implicants
3) Include the remaining minterms using Non-Essential Prime Implicants
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the Prime Implicant and Essential Prime Implicant. And how to find the minimal solution of the Boolean Function by identifying the Essential Prime Implicants in the K-map.
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#EssentialPrimeImplicant
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
0:26 Construction of 4-variable K-map
4:31 Mapping the 4 variable Boolean Function in K-map
6:00 Minimization of 4-variable Boolean Function using K-map
10:25 Example 1
11:28 Example 2
13:11 Example 3
14:41 Example 4
16:08 Example 5
18:15 Example 6
Karnaugh Map (K-map)
The Karnaugh Map is a technique for simplifying the Boolean function.
4- Variable K-map:
The 4-Variable K-map consists of 4x4 cells. Each cell of the map represents a particular minterm.
During the mapping of the function in the K-map, the minterms which are present in the function are represented as '1' in the map. (when the function is given in SOP form)
The cells in the K-map are arranged such that, the two adjacent cells of the map differ by only 1 bit.
Boolean Function Minimization using K-map (Rules):
1) Make the group of adjacent '1's in the map to minimize the function.
2) The group of '1's should be in the power of 2. (i.e the group size should be 2, 4, 8, etc).
3) The shape of the group can be either square or rectangle.
4) During the minimization and grouping, just ensure that all the 1's in the map get covered.
5) During Minimization, the overlapping of the group is allowed.
In this video, the minimization of 4-variable functions using the K-map is explained with different examples.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the 4 variable Karnaugh Map (K-map) and how to minimize 4-variable Boolean expressions using K-map.
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#Kmap
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
2:00 Construction of 2 and 3 Variable K-map
5:16 Mapping of Boolean Function on K-map
6:50 2-Variable K-map (Boolean Function Minimization)
11:20 3-Variable K-map (Boolean Function Minimization)
Karnaugh Map (K-map)
The Karnaugh Map is a technique for simplifying the Boolean function.
2-Variable K-map:
The 2-Variable K-map consists of 2x2 cells. Each cell of the map represents a particular minterm.
During the mapping of the function in the K-map, the minterms which are present in the function are represented as '1' in the map.
3- Variable K-map:
The 3-Variable K-map consists of 4x2 cells. Each cell of the map represents a particular minterm.
During the mapping of the function in the K-map, the minterms which are present in the function are represented as '1' in the map.
The cells in the K-map are arranged such that, the two adjacent cells of the map differ by only 1 bit.
Boolean Function Minimization using K-map (Rules):
1) By grouping the '1's in the map, it is possible to minimize the function.
2) The group of '1's should be in the power of 2. (i.e the group size should be 2, 4, 8, etc).
3) The shape of the group can be either square or rectangle.
4) During the minimization and grouping, just ensure that all the 1's in the map get covered.
5) During Minimization, the overlapping of the group is allowed.
In this video, the minimization of 2-variable and 3-variable functions using the K-map is explained with different examples.
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the Karnaugh Map (K-map) and how to minimize any Boolean expression using K-map.
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#Kmap
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Timestamps:
0:00 Introduction
0:37 Sum of Product Form: Non-Canonical to Canonical Form Conversion
3:00 Example 1
5:45 Example 2
7:43 Shortcut method for Non-Canonical SOP to Canonical form Conversion
9:52 Product of Sum Form: Non-Canonical to Canonical Form Conversion
12:35 Shortcut method for Non-Canonical POS to Canonical form Conversion
14:17 Example 3
Digital Electronics (Playlist):
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
SOP and POS Form: Minterms and Maxterms
youtu.be/YmKmS9bpMqM
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the conversion of Boolean expression from Non-Canonical to Canonical form.
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#SOPandPOSform
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:05 Sum of Product (SOP) form
4:01 Product of Sum (POS) form
7:16 What is Minterm
12:21 What is Maxterm
18:27 Canonical SOP to Canonical POS conversion
Boolean Expression Representation:
The Boolean Expression is typically represented in two forms.
1) Sum of Product Form (SOP)
2) Product of Sum Form (POS)
There are two types of SOP and POS forms of representation.
Canonical and Non-Canonical
In this video, the Boolean Expressions in both Canonical and Non-Canonical SOP and POS forms are explained. And the concept of minterms and maxterms is also explained.
What is minterm?
It is the product term that contains all the variables of the function either in true form or complemented form.
The canonical SOP form is Sum of Minterms.
What is Maxterm?
It is the sum term that contains all the variables of the function either in true form or complemented form.
The canonical POS form is Product of Maxterms.
In the later part of the video, how to write the Boolean expression in Canonical SOP or POS form from the truth table is also explained.
Digital Electronics (Playlist):
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the SOP (Sum of Product) and POS (Product of Sum) form of representation of the Boolean Function and the concept of minterms and maxterms.
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#Minterms
#Maxterms
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
0:26 NOT gate using NOR gate
1:06 OR gate using NOR gate
1:50 AND gate using NOR gate
2:52 NAND gate using NOR gate
3:25 XNOR gate using NOR gate
6:53 XOR gate using NOR gate
Universal Logic Gates:
NAND and NOR gates are Universal Logic gates because using any of the two gates alone, it is possible to implement any logic function. And using either NAND or NOR gate alone, any logic gate can be implemented.
In this video, it has been explained that how to implement any logic gate using NOR gate and thus how NOR gate is a universal gate.
Digital Electronics (Playlist):
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding how the NOR gate act as a universal gate and how to implement different logic gates using the NOR gate.
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#UniversalGates
#LogicGates
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The following topics are covered in the video:
0:00 Introduction
0:50 NOT gate using NAND gate
1:30 AND gate using NAND gate
2:16 OR gate using NAND gate
3:27 NOR gate using NAND gate
4:00 XOR gate using NAND gate
11:22 XNOR gate using NAND gate
Universal Logic Gates:
NAND and NOR gates are Universal Logic gates because using any of the two gates alone, it is possible to implement any logic function. And using either NAND or NOR gate alone, any logic gate can be implemented.
In this video, it has been explained that how to implement any logic gate using NAND gate and thus how NAND gate is a universal gate.
Digital Electronics (Playlist):
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering for understanding, how NAND gate is a universal gate and how to implement different logic gates using the NAND gate.
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#LogicGate
#NANDGate
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Chapters:
0:00 De Morgan's Law (with Proof)
7:44 Example 1
9:17 Example 2
11:02 Example 3
De Morgan's Law:
1) (A+B)' = A' . B'
2) (A.B)' = A' + B'
These laws can be extended for more than 2 inputs also. These laws are useful in simplifying the Boolean expression which contains a negation.
In this video, a few examples related to negation are also covered.
Digital Electronics (Playlist)
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding De Morgan's Law in Boolean Algebra.
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#BooleanLaws
#DeMorgansLaw
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Timestamps:
0:00 Introduction
1:26 AND Laws
5:01 OR Laws
8:51 Commutative Laws
9:27 Associative Laws
14:02 Distributive and Absorption Laws
Boolean Algebra Laws:
AND Laws:
A.0 = 0
A.1 = A
A.A' = 0
A.A = A
OR Laws
A + 0 = A
A + 1 = 1
A + A = A
A + A' = 1
Comutative Law
A. B = B.A
A + B = B + A
Associative Law:
(A.B).C = A. (B.C)
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C)
Distributive Law :
A. (B + C) = AB + AC
A + BC = ( A + B) (A + C )
Absorption Law:
A + AB = A
A . (A + B) = A
Double Negation Law:
(A')' = A
Digital Electronics (Playlist):
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the basic laws of Boolean Algebra.
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#BooleanLaws
#BooleanAlgebra
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In this video, two input XOR and XNOR gates, the applications of XOR and XNOR gates, and the XOR and XNOR gates with more than 2-inputs are explained. And at the end, how XOR and XNOR gates can be used as an inverter (as NOT gate) is also explained.
Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
0:35 XOR gate
6:26 XNOR gate
16:00 XOR and XNOR gate as Inverter
XOR gate (Exclusive OR Gate):
The output of the 2-input XOR gate is high when both inputs are different. It can also be implemented using three basic gates. (AND, OR, and NOT gate). In this video, the implementation of the XOR gate using three basic gates is shown.
In general, the output of the n-input XOR gate is high (logic '1'), when an odd number of inputs is high or logic '1'.
Typically, more than a 2-input XOR gate is not readily available and it is implemented using multiple 2-input XOR gates.
XNOR gate:
The output of the XNOR gate is the complement of the XOR gate output. The output of the 2-input XNOR gate is high (logic '1' ) when both inputs are same. (either logic '0' or logic '1'). The XNOR gate can also be implemented using the three basic gates. (AND, OR, and NOT gates). In this video, the implementation of the XNOR gate using three basic gates is shown.
In general, for the n-input XNOR gate, the output is high (logic '1') when the even number of inputs is high (logic '1').
Similar to the XOR gate, more than 2-input XNOR gates are not readily available. And they are implemented using the 2-input XOR and XNOR gates.
Applications of XOR and XNOR gate:
1) Arithmetic Operations (Adder and Subtractor)
2) Code Converter
3) Error Correction and Error Detection
Multisim Simulation Link:
multisim.com/content/kKC98HyPte2zsGjn6LbZa3/xnor
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the XOR and XNOR gates.
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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Logic Gate?
2:17 AND gate
4:37 OR gate
6:23 NOT gate
7:38 NAND gate
9:38 NOR gate
For Notes, check this link:
allaboutelectronics.org/logic-gates-explained
What is Logic Gate?
The logic gates are very basic building blocks of digital systems.
The logic gates are electronic circuit that consists of one or more inputs and one output.
The relation between the input and output is based on certain logic. With the help of the logic gates, it is possible to perform different Boolean operations.
Types of Logic Gates:
AND, OR and NOT gate are three very basic logic gates. Using these three gates, it is possible to implement any Boolean function.
NAND and NOR are universal logic gates because using any of the two gates alone it is possible to implement any Boolean function.
Apart from that, there is an XOR and XNOR gate.
In this video, three basic gates and two universal gates are explained using the Truth Table.
Digital Electronics (Playlist):
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwjK_iyK4LLBC_so3odA64E2MLgIRKafl
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the basics of logic gates.
#ALLABOUTELECTRONICS
#LogicGate
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