Hookworm filariform larva. Nematode, worm, parasite. CDC/Dr. Mae Melvin
Hookworm egg undergoing the process of cellular division CDC
Newspaper Article Herald Democrat. October 29, 1909
Historic diagram showing unsanitary placement of a farm house privy CDC/Minnesota Department of Health, R. N. Barr Library; Librarians Melissa Rethlefsen and Marie Jones
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Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Hookworm filariform larva. Nematode, worm, parasite. CDC/Dr. Mae Melvin
Hookworm egg undergoing the process of cellular division CDC
Newspaper Article Herald Democrat. October 29, 1909
Historic diagram showing unsanitary placement of a farm house privy CDC/Minnesota Department of Health, R. N. Barr Library; Librarians Melissa Rethlefsen and Marie Jones
SFX
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Paleohaemoproteus burmacis gen. n., sp. n. (Haemospororida: Plasmodiidae) from an Early Cretaceous biting midge (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) http://bit.ly/2uAbmhH --
Host, Producer Anna Rothschild
Camera, Sound, Research, Writing, Illustrating, Animating K Melvin
Brave New World Watch Out - 30 Margarita Fantastic Journey Music Provided by APM
Jurassic Park (1993) Universal Pictures, Amblin Entertainment
Beautiful Pigeon Bird Walking On Grass In The Square. Curious Pigeons Standing Pond5/ronedya
Coprolite Wikimedia Commons/United States Geological Survey
Dinosaur coprolite (Morrison Formation, Upper Jurassic; Cortez, Colorado, USA) Flickr/James St. John
Entamoeba coli CDC/ Dr. Mae Melvin
Fasciolopsis buski CDC/Dr. Mae Melvin
Ascaris lumbridcoides CDC
Parasite130049 Haemoproteus syrnii -fig3 Wikimedia Commons/Karadjian, G., Puech, M.-P., Duval, L., Chavatte, J.-M., Snounou, G. & Landau, I. 2013: Haemoproteus syrnii in Strix aluco from France: morphology, stages of sporogony in a hippoboscid fly, molecular characterization and discussion on the identification of Haemoproteus species. Parasite, 20, 32. doi:10.1051/parasite/2013031
Biting midge Flickr/Oregon State University
DMSN dinosaurs Wikimedia Commons/Luke Jones
T-rex Sue 1070329 Wikimedia Commons/Amphibol
AMNH rex mount Wikimedia Commons/Osborn, H.F.
Figures 1, 3, and 4 Wolff, E. D. S., Salisbury, S. W., Horner, J. R., & Varricchio, D. J. (2009). Common Avian Infection Plagued the Tyrant Dinosaurs. PLoS ONE, 4(9), e7288.
GROSS SFX
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Short Fart 01 Freesound/dsisstudios
Big Dinosaur Whirrs Freesound/robinhood76
Produced by WGBH for PBS Digital StudiosWhat Happens When You Get Rabies?Gross Science2017-07-20 | Rabies may have lead to legends of werewolves, vampires, and zombies. And while it’s preventable, it still plagues around 60,000 people a year. Subscribe! http://bit.ly/1FkxVLb ‖ Twitter! twitter.com/gross_science ‖ Instagram! instagram.com/annarothschild
↓Want more gross info?↓
WHO on Rabies: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/
Many thanks to Nyar Lathotep for pointing out that the Laws of Eshnunna (the tablets I speak about at the end of the piece) were clay tablets, not stone, and date to the Old Babylonian period. --
Host, Writer, Editor Anna Rothschild
Camera, Sound, Research K Melvin
Nature’s World 3 Horrendous Crimes Unwanted Assignment Main underscore Biotic Factor b The Human Kernal a Music Provided by APM
Night of the Living Dead (1968) Image Ten, Laurel Group, Market Square Productions The Nervous System Archive.org Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corporation
Ants on a log: I made this one up. Just sprinkle ants on celery with cream cheese. I’d also recommend eating the ants in a salad, or maybe in gazpacho. They were pretty good!
Lollipop: This was from Hotlix (not sponsored)
I bought all the bugs online from edibleinsects.com (again, not sponsored.)
Here’s a tutorial for making giant borax crystals. However, DO NOT heat pyrex directly on the stove. I did so with some… unfortunate results that ended with glass and hot borax everywhere: http://www.danslelakehouse.com/2015/01/diy-borax-crystals.html
Cleaning instructions: If you can do the experiment in a cooking pot, you can add additional water and just reheat the borax so that it becomes liquid again. If you use pyrex or something else that can’t be heated on a burner, poor hot water into the container a few times to loosen the mat of crystals that forms, and then dispose of them.
--
Host, Editor Anna Rothschild
Writer, Illustrator, Animator K Melvin
Camera, Moral Support Marshall Johnson
Heartbreak Liar - Underscore Music Provided by APM
Dysregulation of BDNF-TrkB Signaling in Developing Hippocampal Neurons by Pb2þ: Implications for an Environmental Basis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22345308
Skelett-Mensch-drawing Wikimedia Commons/Hubert Ludwig
31 Weeks Pregnant Flickr/Jerry Lai
New baby Flickr/Jeremy Tarling
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Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Bubbles Popping Freesound/ch0cchi
Nord analog howling wind storm Freesound/medialint
Wink Freesound/Bennychico11
Lock Unlock Freesound/cemagar
Produced by WGBH for PBS Digital StudiosAre Bees the Addicts of the Animal Kingdom?Gross Science2017-05-22 | Bees get more than just nectar from the flowers they visit. Sometimes they also get a sip of caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol. Subscribe! http://bit.ly/1FkxVLb ‖ Twitter! twitter.com/gross_science ‖ Tumblr! http://grossscience.tumblr.com ↓Want more gross info?↓
Footage from the following video used with permission from Dr. Margaret Couvillon: http://bit.ly/2r6H9ZZ -Scientists at feeders: Credit Dr. Hasan Al Toufailia and Mr. Kyle Shackleton -Bees foraging on flowers: Dr. Roger Schürch
Extreme closeup of several honeybees swarming into pink gum-nut blossom flower to suckle nectar Pond5/EnlightenedMedia
Almond Tree Wikimedia Commons/Yves Remedios from London, UK
Cherries 3 Wikimedia Commons/Liridon
Disco Ball 1 Wikimedia Commons/PJ
Fiori e frutti di avocado Wikimedia Commons/Petar43
Gross SFX
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Male drinking slurping aaaaaaaaaaah small belch Freesound/Anton
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Pencil Freesound/Faston
Wink Freesound/Bennychico11
Rolling in Chair 1_2 Freesound/acrober
Produced by WGBH for PBS Digital StudiosShould You Really Wash Your Hands?Gross Science2017-04-21 | What do we really mean when we say that we’re clean? Check out Melissa’s video at Clean My Space! youtube.com/watch?v=DKO2gFWzxqU Many thanks to Google’s Making & Science team for making this collaboration possible #sciencegoals
Bolin, J., Maass, E., & Musselman, L. (2009). Pollination Biology of Hydnora africana Thunb. (Hydnoraceae) in Namibia: Brood‐Site Mimicry with Insect Imprisonment. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 170(2), 157-163. doi:10.1086/593047 http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/593047?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
More info and pictures of Hydnora from Lytton J. Musselman at Old Dominion University http://ww2.odu.edu/~lmusselm/plant/parasitic/hydnora.php
--
Host, Writer, Animator, Editor Anna Rothschild
Camera, Sound Natasha Ishak
Many thanks to Dr. Lytton John Musselman for his help with this piece.
Prokop-Prigge, K. A., Thaler, E., Wysocki, C. J., & Preti, G. (2014). Identification of volatile organic compounds in human cerumen. Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 0, 48–52. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987112
Trumble, S. J., et al. (2013). "Blue whale earplug reveals lifetime contaminant exposure and hormone profiles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(42): 16922-16926. http://www.pnas.org/content/110/42/16922.abstract
Fig 1. from Trumble, S. J., et al. (2013). "Blue whale earplug reveals lifetime contaminant exposure and hormone profiles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(42): 16922-16926. Courtesy Dr. Sascha Usenko and Dr. Stephen J. Trumble, Baylor University
Image of Prokop-Prigge, K. A., Mansfield, C. J., Parker, M. R., Thaler, E., Grice, E. A., Wysocki, C. J., & Preti, G. (2015). ETHNIC/RACIAL AND GENETIC INFLUENCES ON CERUMEN ODOR PROFILES. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 41(1), 67–74.
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the trachea (respiratory epithelium). Light microscope micrograph. Shutterstock/Jose Luis Calvo
Woman Digging Nose Shutterstock/ CHAjAMP
File:Surgical anatomy - a treatise on human anatomy in its application to the practice of medicine and surgery (1901) (14780479334) Wikimedia Commons/Internet Archive Book Images
Delightful, Jesara Flickr, Nathan
Day 59, Project 365 - 12.18.09 Flickr/William Brawley
GROSS SFX
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Cough Cough Sniff Sniff Freesound/harrypeeks
Male Drinking Slurping Aaaaaaaaaaah Small Belch Freesound/anton
Pathways for below-ground carbon transfer between paper birch and Douglas-fir seedlings: http://bit.ly/2kocFzg Defoliation of interior Douglas-fir elicits carbon transfer and stress signalling to ponderosa pine neighbors through ectomycorrhizal networks: http://go.nature.com/2ko1iaS Suzanne Simard’s TED Talk: http://bit.ly/2kodnMW
-- Host, Producer, Editor, Animator Anna Rothschild
(Primary Literature) The anus as a second mouth: anal suspension feeding by an oral deposit-feeding sea cucumber: http://bit.ly/2ibnzXa
(Primary Literature) Mechanisms involved in pearlfish resistance to holothuroid toxins: http://bit.ly/2ibg4z8
(Primary Literature) When a repellent becomes an attractant: harmful saponins are kairomones attracting the symbiotic Harlequin crab: http://go.nature.com/2ibltGv
Graceful pearlfish (Encheliophis gracilis) living inside sea cucumber (Bohadschia argus) on reef, West Papua, Indonesia Getty Images/BBC Natural History
A common, large sea cucumber (Bohadschia argus) is easy to identify due to its distinctive pattern. This species can extrude sticky defensive threads called cuverian tubules. Shutterstock/Ethan Daniels
Cloaque Femelle Wikimedia Commons/Au Domaine des 3 Coqs
Swimming Crab - Lissocarcinus Orbicularis on Sea Cucumber Wikimedia Commons/Prilfish
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Gross Science is produced by WGBH for PBS Digital Studios100,000 Subscribers!Gross Science2016-12-26 | In which I answer your questions, because thank you, thank you, thank you.
Host, Writer, Editor, Animator Anna Rothschild
Camera Jeffrey Wood
Special Thanks to all my subscribers!
Watch the World Go By Music Provided by APM
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Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Male Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) shedding the velvet from its antlers, Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway, September Roy Mangersnes/Nature Picture Library
Santa Claus rides in a reindeer sleigh. He hastens to give gifts before Christmas. This is fast team of eight deer. Shutterstock/Vladimir Melnikov
reindeer in velvet roaming in lush green arctic svalbard meadow Shutterstock/FloridaStock
full grown shaggy Reindeer with peeling shedding velvet on antlers Shutterstock/paolo airenti
Caribou group on pastures in the mountains of Kamchatka in Russia Shutterstock/Sergey Krasnoshchokov
(Primary Literature) Contribution of Arctic seabird-colony ammonia to atmospheric particles and cloud-albedo radiative effect: http://go.nature.com/2ftUAOs
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Slide Whistle Down 01 Freesound/joedeshon
Slide Whistle Up 01 Freesound/joedeshon
Wink Freesound/bennychico11
Gross Science is produced by WGBH for PBS Digital StudiosElectronics Powered by Fish ScalesGross Science2016-11-16 | Scientists are turning discarded fish scales into tiny energy harvesters. NOTE: An earlier version of this video showed an *electromagnetic speaker* in a novelty card, NOT a piezoelectric speaker. Many thanks to viewer Dx Ka for pointing that out. Subscribe to Gross Science! http://bit.ly/1FkxVLb ‖ Twitter! twitter.com/gross_science ‖ Tumblr! http://grossscience.tumblr.com ↓Want more gross info?↓
(Original article) High-performance bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator made with fish scales: http://bit.ly/2gdOVvU
Images of collagen and scientists with generator Courtesy Dr. Dipankar Mandal
X-ray real heart beating in action Shutterstock/SVTeam
Dead Fish Wikimedia Commons/Jbellegaribay
Cook Fish on White Ceramic Plate Pexels
Sashimi Pixabay/PublicDomainPictures
Tuna fish sandwiches for the National School Lunch Program (1) Wikimedia Commons/U.S. Department of Agriculture
Fish Sticks (11833724893) Wikimedia Commons/EHRENBERG Kommunikation
Fish and Chips PublicDomainPictures.net/George Hodan
Salade nicoise Wikimedia Commons/Canterel
Image from page 442 of “Encylopédie d’historie naturelle” (Fish illustration) Flickr/Internet Archive Book Images
Genga 05 Wikimedia Commons/Fuelbottle~commonswiki
The horse, its treatment in health and disease with a complete guide to breeding, training and management (1906) (14749262516) Wikimedia Commons/J. Wortley Axe/Internet Archive Book Images
Wax(?) model of a dissected foot, showing tendons. Pencil an Wellcome V0008281 Wikimedia Commons/Wellcome Images
Catla catla Wikimedia Commons/Khalid Mahmood
Dead Carp J1 Wikimedia Commons/Jamain
GROSS SFX
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Paper on Beetles Mimicking Ant Sounds: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0130541 Di Giulio A, Maurizi E, Barbero F, Sala M, Fattorini S, Balletto E, et al. (2015) The Pied Piper: A Parasitic Beetle’s Melodies Modulate Ant Behaviours. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0130541. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0130541
Paper on Paussus favieri Behavior: hindawi.com/journals/psyche/2012/940315 Emanuela Maurizi, Simone Fattorini, Wendy Moore, and Andrea Di Giulio, “Behavior of Paussus favieri(Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussini): A Myrmecophilous Beetle Associated with Pheidole pallidula (Hymenoptera, Formicidae),” Psyche, vol. 2012, Article ID 940315, 9 pages, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/940315
--
Host, Producer, Editor Anna Rothschild
Writer, Researcher Elizabeth Preston
Animator, Illustrator Mark Gartsbeyn, Anna Rothschild
Blue Merle Australian Shepherd puppy, 10 weeks old, looking at Striped Skunk, Mephitis Mephitis, 5 years old, sitting in front of white background Shutterstock/Eric Isselee
Pepe Le Pew Gif Giphy/Warner Brothers
Baby skunk Wikimedia Commons/AnimalPhotos
Juvenile Spotted Skunk Flickr/vladeb
American hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus leauconotus) Flickr/Saguaro National Park
McKeown, D., Luescher, A., & Machum, M. (1988). Coprophagia: Food for thought. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 29(10), 849–850. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1680886
File:My dogs 2 Wikimedia Commons/Atchoo420
Ancylostoma caninum attached to the intestinal mucosa CDC
File:Smiling dog Wikimedia Commons/Brandon Weeks
Hookworm filariform larva CDC
Maltese puppy, 3 days old Wikimedia Commons/yasmapaz & ace_heart from Germany
Movie S3 from Rickettsia Actin-Based Motility Occurs in Distinct Phases Mediated by Different Actin Nucleators Courtesy Dr. Thomas Burke http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24361066
Listeria monocytogenes moving in PtK2 cells Many thanks to Dr. Julie Theriot and her lab members http://cmgm.stanford.edu/theriot/
Chicken meat Processed At Food Processing Factory. Poultry Production line Pond5/mrs_veronik
Electron microcraph of a Listeria bacterium in tissue CDC/Dr. Balasubr Swaminathan; Peggy Harris
Menschenhaar 200 fach Wikimedia Commons/Jan Homann
Female shadow with organs Wikimedia Commons/Mikael Häggström
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Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Male drinking slurping aaaaaaaaaaah small belch Freesound/anton
*** (legs from thumbnail image) Flickr/Artur Potosi
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Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Produced by WGBH for PBS Digital StudiosAre There Dead Wasps In Figs? | Gross ScienceGross Science2016-08-22 | Figs aren't exactly fruits...but that's not the only bizarre thing about them. Discover the gross world of figs! Subscribe to Gross Science! http://bit.ly/1FkxVLb ‖ Twitter! twitter.com/gross_science ‖ Tumblr! http://grossscience.tumblr.com ↓Want more gross info?↓
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Flying Mosquito Freesound/zywx
Bubbles Popping Freesound/ch0cchi
Squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Jelly Mangling On Plate Freesound/lolamadeus
Gross Science is produced by WGBH for PBS Digital StudiosHow (and Why) to Make a Pill Out of PoopGross Science2016-08-16 | The latest clinical trials for poop pills that can fight a gut infection failed. But that's no reason to flush this research down the toilet. Subscribe! http://bit.ly/1FkxVLb ‖ Twitter! twitter.com/gross_science ‖ Tumblr! http://grossscience.tumblr.com ↓Want more info?↓
The Journal of Infectious Diseases: A Novel Microbiome Therapeutic Increases Gut Microbial Diversity and Prevents Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: http://bit.ly/2bvCrdL
The New England Journal of Medicine: Burden of Clostridium difficile Infection in the United States: http://bit.ly/2b0Umc3
Ile de Mahe - Plantes carnivores (3) Wikimedia Commons/Remi Jouan
Common Bladderwort (3629436369) Wikimedia Commons/Jason Hollinger
Common Bladderwort Wikimedia Commons/pellaea
Drosera rotundifolia leaf1 Wikimedia Commons/Petr Dlouhý
Drosera Capensis eating a fruit fly Wikimedia Commons/Scott Schiller
Pitcher Plants Flickr/Dave Bonta
Sarracenia leucophylla Flickr/Aaron Carlson
Sarracenia ‘Boob Tube’ x open-pollinated Flickr/Aaron Carlson
Sarracenia oreophila x purpurea Flickr/Aaron Carlson
Pitcher Plants..lots of them! Flickr/vladeb
IMG_1757 Graeme Scott
Terrestrial shrew remains examined in
Nepenthes attenboroughii by Dr Alastair S Robinson Wikimedia Commons/Alastair S. Robinson Venus Fly Trap Eating Compilation Scott's Revenge On The Caterpillars Wikimedia Commons/Scott Schiller
Dionea in action Wikimedia Commons/Stefano Zucchinali
GROSS SFX
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Shuffling Cards Freesound/robertwulfman
Wink Freesound/bennychico11
Nord analog howling wind storm Freesound/medialint
New Scientist Article by Alice Klein—Turtle herpes outbreak hints at Great Barrier Reef contamination: http://bit.ly/29LYFuC
Van Houtan KS, Hargrove SK, Balazs GH (2010) Land Use, Macroalgae, and a Tumor-Forming Disease in Marine Turtles. PLoS ONE 5(9): e12900. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012900 http://bit.ly/29LVN0u
Green Sea Turtle Biscayne Wikimedia Commons/Photo by National Park Service South Florida / Caribbean Network
Green turtle with fibropapillomatosis Wikimedia Commons/Andrew Danielson
Herpesviruses CDC/ Dr. Fred Murphy; Sylvia Whitfield
Cold sore Wikimedia Commons/Ben Tillman
Chickenpox Adult back Wikimedia Commons/F malan
Various viruses from the Herpesviridae family seen using an electron microscope CDC/ Dr. Erskine Palmer
Figure 1. Hawaiian green turtle (Chelonia mydas) with fibropapillomatosis (FP) on the seafloor in Pupukea Marine Life Conservation District, North Shore, Oahu. Van Houtan KS, Hargrove SK, Balazs GH (2010) Land Use, Macroalgae, and a Tumor-Forming Disease in Marine Turtles. PLoS ONE 5(9): e12900. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012900
Green sea turtle at Panaluu beach, Hawaii Wikimedia Commons/Frank Schulenburg
Runoff of soil & fertilizer Wikimedia Commons/ U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Lynn Betts, photographer
Green Sea Turtle grazing seagrass Wikimedia Commons/ P.Lindgren
Soup of Silkie Seahorse and Cordyceps Wikimedia Commons/Kent Wang
Mountain yak penis, fungus as Chinese medicines Wikimedia Commons/Angela Schmeidel Randall
Cordyceps Sinensis Wikimedia Commons/Rafti Institute
Caterpillar Fungus Store, Central Lhasa Flickr/Erik Törner
Duck Tales, Alice in Wonderland, Mario Gifs Giphy
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Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Jawharp Boing Freesound/plingactivator
Swish Unwrap Fast Freesound/goldendiaphragm
RAM_Mouth Hawk_rev_v1 Freesound/Reidedo
Male drinking slurping aaaaaaaaaaah small belch Freesound/Anton
Tape Pulling Off Surface Freesound/Baryy
MouthPop Freesound/HerbertBoland
Produced by WGBH for PBS Digital StudiosWhy Am I Obsessed With Gross Stuff?Gross Science2016-04-11 | Thanks for watching me make a fool of myself for one whole year! Here’s an awkward timeline of my life. PBS Digital Studios Survey! http://svy.mk/1S5DD6S Subscribe! http://bit.ly/1FkxVLb ‖ Twitter! twitter.com/gross_science ‖ Tumblr! http://grossscience.tumblr.com ↓Want more info?↓ -- Host, Writer, Editor Anna Rothschild
DP, General Production Help Jeffrey Wood
Garden Party March Delightful A Music Provided by APM
Herpes Viruses CDC/Dr. Fred Murphy; Sylvia Whitfield
Acanthamoeba polyphaga CDC/Catherine Armbruster; Margaret Williams Photo Credit: Janice Haney Carr
Shirley McClinton making notations on a Petri place of Fusarium fungal colonies CDC/Mark Lindsley, Sc.D. D(ABMM), Lynette Benjamin, Shirley McClinton Photo Credit: James Gathany
Clean, open contact lens case CDC/Amanda Mills Photo Credit: Amanda Mills
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Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Produced by WGBH for PBS Digital StudiosThree Surprising Questions About PeriodsGross Science2016-02-10 | In honor of Valentine’s Day, I’m celebrating the 10s of millions of people who will be menstruating on the Hallmark holiday. What should you do if you have your period in the field? Check out Emily’s video on The Brain Scoop! youtu.be/jjFZ1nzijrI Subscribe! http://bit.ly/1FkxVLb ‖ Twitter! twitter.com/gross_science ‖ Tumblr! http://grossscience.tumblr.com ↓Want more info?↓
Francie Diep writing for PopSci on why you poop more when you have your period: http://bit.ly/20oMYIC
Regarding the section on how menstruation evolved, as I indicated in the video, this is one hypothesis. Here’s more info on it, along with other ideas:
Paper on the hypothesis I discuss about why menstruation evolved: http://bit.ly/1msFqaw
Pharyngula on the mother-fetus conflict hypothesis of how menstruation evolved: http://bit.ly/1PNJvC2
BBC article that addresses multiple hypotheses for the evolution of menstruation: http://bbc.in/1KFFE9B
Also, a note: In this piece, when I say menstruation, I’m referring to “overt menstruation,” where the lining is shed and then expelled from the body. Some people use the term “covert menstruation” to talk about animals that have “estrous cycles” and reabsorb their endometrium. --
Host, Writer, Editor, Animator Anna Rothschild
Additional Research and Writing Karishma Desai
Many thanks to Dr. Kathryn Clancy and Dr. Deena Emera.
Also, special thanks to Vanessa Hill, Joe Hanson, the entire PBS Digital Studios team for the awesome brainstorming session, Seeta Joseph, Allison Eck, Greg Kestin, and Jeffrey Wood.
MIT Tech Review piece on using CRISPR to create a mosquito that can’t spread malaria: http://bit.ly/1WVJkWI
Paper explaining the potential applications of gene drives, and also the ethical issues, written by scientists: http://elifesciences.org/content/3/e0...
File: Sugar Cubes (7164573186) Wikimedia Commons/david pacey from LEEDS, West yorkshire
File: The Dental cosmos (1912) (14769050452) Wikimedia Commons/White, J.D. McQuillen, J.H. (John Hugh), 1826-1879. Ziegler, George Jacob, 1821-1895. White, James William, 1826-1891. Kirk, Edward C. (Edward Cameron), 1856-1933. Anthony, L. Pierce (Lovick Pierce), b. 1877.
File: Phagocytose Entamoeba gingivalis-PMN Wikimedia Commons/Mark Bonner dmd, Institut International de Parodontie, www. parodontite.com
Oral thrush. Aphthae. Candida albicans. CDC
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Dun dun dun Freesound/Simon_Lacelle
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Jelly/Jelly Mangling on Plate Freesound/lolamadeus
CORRECTION: There was a factual error relating deep sea gigantism to temperature in this video. It was in part drawn from a paper that is widely shared, but not largely accepted in today's marine biology community. Many thanks to Dr. Craig McClain for pointing it out. There is a lot we don't know about deep sea gigantism, but according to Dr. McClain, it may occur because of the lack of food in the deep sea. Larger creatures are more metabolically efficient and better at resisting starvation than smaller creatures. Accuracy is extremely important to me, and I will do my best to try to prevent an error like this from slipping in again. I have removed the relevant section at 2:11.
Audio and video of Koala Velar Vocal Fold Vibrations Courtesy Dr. Benjamin Charlton
A video recording of a bellowing male koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) (called Andy) at Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary. Movie S1 from: Charlton, B. D., Ellis, W. A. H., McKinnon, A. J., Brumm, J., Nilsson, K., & Fitch, W. T. (2011). Perception of Male Caller Identity in Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus): Acoustic Analysis and Playback Experiments. PLoS ONE, 6(5), e20329. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020329
Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) newborn in pouch, Australia Getty Images/Roland Seitre
young joey in pouch eating pap Shutterstock/WF
Portrait of male Koala bear, Phascolarctos cinereus, 3 years old, in front of white background, studio shot Pond5/lifeonwhite_photos
Koala chases girl riding an ATV and attacks Ebony Churchill/ViralHog.com http://bit.ly/1HPYrO5
Brushfire Pond5/EcoMedia
Cutest Koala Wikimedia Commons/Erik Veland
Phascolarctos cinereus -ZooParc de Beauval, France -upper body- 8a Wikimedia Commons/frank wouters
Baby Koala Wikimedia Commons/ حسان هواري
Koala with young Wikimedia Commons/Brian Dell Bdell555
Koala Eating Wikimedia Commons/(--Pumpmeup)
Friendly Male Koala Wikimedia Commons/Quartl
Koala Wikimedia Commons/Summi
A cranky-looking koala, sitting beside the road on the way to Apollo Bay Flickr/Shiny Things (used with permission from author)
Koala02 Wikimedia Commons/Mike R
The World Factbook - Australia - Flickr - The Central Intelligence Agency (19) Wikimedia Commons/The Central Intelligence Agency
Koala being treated for chlamydia Ari Daniel/WGBH Educational Foundation
Koala and joey Wikimedia Commons/Benjamint444
Koala Eating (3337014192) Wikimedia Commons/Rennett Stowe from USA
Australia satellite plane Wikimedia Commons/Reto Stöckl / NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Macropus rufus in ZOO Plock Wikimedia Commons/Bardrock
Vegemiteontoast large Wikimedia Commons/Tristanb
SFX
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Bourouiba, L., Dehandschoewercker, E., Bush, J.W.M (2014). Violent expiratory events: on coughing and sneezing. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 745, 537-563. doi:10.1017/jfm.2014.88 https://lbourouiba.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/14BourouibaBush-sneezecloudJFM_corrected.pdf
For additional information about the study of respiratory disease transmission via sneezes and its fluid dynamics please visit the MIT Fluid Dynamics of Disease Transmission Laboratory of Prof. Lydia Bourouiba http://lbourouiba.mit.edu/
To learn more about Vomiting Larry—and lots of other cool projects—visit the UK’s Health and Safety Laboratory site: http://www.hsl.gov.uk
Tung-Thompson, G., Libera, D.A., Koch, K.L., de los Reyes, F.L. III, Jaykus, L-A. (2015) Aerosolization of a Human Norovirus Surrogate, Bacteriophage MS2, during Simulated Vomiting. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0134277. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134277: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134277
Vomiting Larry - A demonstration and explanation for his creator Courtesy Health and Safety Laboratory and Dr. Catherine Makison-Booth http://bit.ly/1HhAEXc
Norovirus EM PHIL 2172 lores Wikimedia Commons/CDC
Vomiting Machine Face Grace Tung-Thompson
Fig 2. Photo of a Simulated Vomiting Episode. Tung-Thompson et al. 2015
Vomiting Machine Whole Thing Grace Tung-Thompson
Norovirus 4 Wikimedia Commons/Graham Beards
SFX
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Cockroaches Freesound/StateAardvark (used with permission from author)
Squeak Pack/squeak_10 Freesound/Corsica_S
Jelly Mangling on a Plate Freesound/lolamadeus
Projector Screen Pull In Out Freesound/yoh
Wink Freesound/bennychico11
Produced by WGBH for PBS Digital StudiosCan Microbes Solve Murder Mysteries?Gross Science2015-10-26 | Meet your necrobiome: The microbes that feast on your body after death. Wanna know more about the science of death? Follow me to It's Okay To Be Smart and BrainCraft! Do Animals Mourn?: youtu.be/rHJDmMSKlHM The Surprising Ways Death Shapes Our Lives: youtu.be/Joalg73L_gw