Stefan MiloHow did humans go from hunter gatherers to farmers? Climate change? Intensive use of resources? Population growth? A little bit of everything?
As always the information here is subject to change as new archaeological discoveries are made and evidence is analysed. Feel free to double check my work or look in to things more deeply with these sources. It's these people who do all the real work.
Sources:
Birch-Chapman, Shannon, et al. “Estimating Population Size, Density and Dynamics of Pre-Pottery Neolithic Villages in the Central and Southern Levant: an Analysis of Beidha, Southern Jordan.” Levant, vol. 49, no. 1, 2017, pp. 1–23., doi:10.1080/00758914.2017.1287813.
Bocquet-Appel, J.-P. “When the World's Population Took Off: The Springboard of the Neolithic Demographic Transition.” Science, vol. 333, no. 6042, 2011, pp. 560–561., doi:10.1126/science.1208880.
Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre, and Ofer Bar-Yosef. “The Neolithic Demographic Transition and Its Consequences.” 2008, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8539-0.
Larsen, C. Spencer. “Biological Changes in Human Populations with Agriculture.” Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 24, no. 1, 1995, pp. 185–213., doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.24.1.185.
Scarre, Christopher. The Human Past World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies. Thames and Hudson, 2018.
Shennan, Stephen. The First Farmers of Europe: an Evolutionary Perspective. Cambridge University Press., 2018.
Verhoeven, Marc. “The Birth of a Concept and the Origins of the Neolithic: A History of Prehistoric Farmers in the Near East.” Paléorient, vol. 37, no. 1, 2011, pp. 75–87., doi:10.3406/paleo.2011.5439.
The Evolution of Farming in the Near EastStefan Milo2019-06-08 | How did humans go from hunter gatherers to farmers? Climate change? Intensive use of resources? Population growth? A little bit of everything?
As always the information here is subject to change as new archaeological discoveries are made and evidence is analysed. Feel free to double check my work or look in to things more deeply with these sources. It's these people who do all the real work.
Sources:
Birch-Chapman, Shannon, et al. “Estimating Population Size, Density and Dynamics of Pre-Pottery Neolithic Villages in the Central and Southern Levant: an Analysis of Beidha, Southern Jordan.” Levant, vol. 49, no. 1, 2017, pp. 1–23., doi:10.1080/00758914.2017.1287813.
Bocquet-Appel, J.-P. “When the World's Population Took Off: The Springboard of the Neolithic Demographic Transition.” Science, vol. 333, no. 6042, 2011, pp. 560–561., doi:10.1126/science.1208880.
Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre, and Ofer Bar-Yosef. “The Neolithic Demographic Transition and Its Consequences.” 2008, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8539-0.
Larsen, C. Spencer. “Biological Changes in Human Populations with Agriculture.” Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 24, no. 1, 1995, pp. 185–213., doi:10.1146/annurev.anthro.24.1.185.
Scarre, Christopher. The Human Past World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies. Thames and Hudson, 2018.
Shennan, Stephen. The First Farmers of Europe: an Evolutionary Perspective. Cambridge University Press., 2018.
Verhoeven, Marc. “The Birth of a Concept and the Origins of the Neolithic: A History of Prehistoric Farmers in the Near East.” Paléorient, vol. 37, no. 1, 2011, pp. 75–87., doi:10.3406/paleo.2011.5439.
www.instagram.com/historysmiloBritains most debated rockStefan Milo2024-10-10 | The Altar stone of Stonehenge seemingly came from Scotland. But how do we know that?
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloThe ACTUAL Archaeology Of The Richat feat. Milo Rossi (Miniminuteman)Stefan Milo2024-09-30 | Go to groundnews.com/stefan to understand how context shapes history and the different ways we interpret current events with Ground News. Subscribe through my link for 40% off unlimited access this month.
According to some the Richat structure is Atlantis. I think they are wrong. This is the actual archaeology of the Richat.
Sao, Ousmane, et al. “Les environnements Sédimentaires des Gisements Pré-Acheuléens et Acheuléens des wadis Akerdil et Bamouéré (guelb er-richât, adrar, Mauritanie), une première approche.” L’Anthropologie, vol. 112, no. 1, Jan. 2008, pp. 1–14, doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2008.01.001.
Vernet, Robert. “Un siècle de Préhistoire en Mauritanie Occidentale (1910-2010).” Les Nouvelles de l’archéologie, no. 120–121, 1 Sept. 2010, pp. 122–128, doi.org/10.4000/nda.1034.
Vernet, Robert, et al. Dictionnaire Archéologique de La Mauritanie. CRIAA, Université de Nouakchott, 2003.
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloHow many mammoths got stuck? #archeologyStefan Milo2024-09-03 | ...The Strange DNA of the last mammothsStefan Milo2024-08-31 | If you are interested in having a career with purpose click here for their free career guide 80000hours.org/stefanmilo (also everything they do is free forever)
10,000 years ago the last mammoths to walk the earth were trapped on Wrangel island, northern Siberia. New genetic insights reveals, how many were trapped, how their population grew and perhaps even how they became extinct. I chatted to geneticst Marianne Dehasque about her fascinating research into the dna of the last mammoths.
Sources: Temporal dynamics of woolly mammoth genome erosion prior to extinction Dehasque, Marianne et al. Cell, Volume 187, Issue 14, 3531 - 3540.e13
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloKinda gross, maybe cute #ancient #archaeologyStefan Milo2024-08-16 | ...Who made these fishy gods?Stefan Milo2024-07-30 | ...Britain’s oldest place namesStefan Milo2024-07-22 | ...We share an ancient GrannyStefan Milo2024-07-16 | Our most recent mitochondrial common ancestor #humanevolutionHow far north did Neanderthals get?Stefan Milo2024-06-20 | Thanks to Keeps for sponsoring this video & for the free product! Head to keeps.com/stefanmilo to get a special offer. Individual results may vary.
How far north did Neanderthals get? Did Neanderthals ever reach Scandinavia, Denmark, Sweden? It's an interesting question because we often think of Neanderthals as cold adapted. However answering it is very difficult.
I chatted to the team at NeanderEDGE who are working on answering this very problem. https://projects.au.dk/neanderedge
Sources: Yaworsky, Peter M., et al. “The Neanderthal niche space of western Eurasia 145 ka to 30 ka ago.” Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, 2 Apr. 2024, doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57490-4.
Roebroeks, Wil, et al. “Landscape modification by last interglacial neanderthals.” Science Advances, vol. 7, no. 51, 17 Dec. 2021, doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abj5567.
Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine, et al. “Widespread evidence for elephant exploitation by Last Interglacial Neanderthals on the North European Plain.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 120, no. 50, 4 Dec. 2023, doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2309427120.
Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre, and Anna Degioanni. “Neanderthal demographic estimates.” Current Anthropology, vol. 54, no. S8, Dec. 2013, doi.org/10.1086/673725.
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloAnyone know any older portraits? Series question.Stefan Milo2024-05-23 | ...A true paleolithic puzzleStefan Milo2024-05-20 | ...Stone age people made hundreds of these...why?Stefan Milo2024-05-20 | Click here sbird.co/3VA0HUi and use my code STEFAN to get 55% OFF your first month at Scentbird. Currently only available in the US & CA.
Hundreds of perforated batons have been found across western and central Europe. Typically they are made from Antler, but this one from Hohle Fels is made of Mammoth Ivory.
What were they used for? Ritual or something practical? I spoke to Prof. Nicholas Conard of the University of Tubingen to discuss his idea that they were used to produce rope.
Sources: Nicholas J. Conard, Veerle Rots ,Rope making in the Aurignacian of Central Europe more than 35,000 years ago.Sci. Adv.10,eadh5217(2024).DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adh5217
Lucas, C., Galway-Witham, J., Stringer, C.B. et al. Investigating the use of Paleolithic perforated batons: new evidence from Gough’s Cave (Somerset, UK). Archaeol Anthropol Sci 11, 5231–5255 (2019). doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00847-y
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloNeanderthals put 35 skulls in this cave…. why?Stefan Milo2024-04-26 | Sign up for a 14-day free trial and enjoy all the amazing features MyHeritage has to offer bit.ly/StefanMilo
At Cueva des Cubierta, central Spain, archaeologists uncovered 35 skulls, all of horned animals in one cave chamber. What were Neanderthals doing with all these skulls? Are they the subtle traces of a Neanderthal ritual site?
Timestamps: 0:00 Introduction 2:54 the problem with ritual 5:10 The site 8:02 What were Neanderthals doing 10:36 other funky stuff 12:27 other odd sites 15:53 Neanderthal art nearby
Sources: Baquedano, Enrique, et al. “A symbolic Neanderthal accumulation of large herbivore crania.” Nature Human Behaviour, vol. 7, no. 3, 26 Jan. 2023, pp. 342–352, doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01503-7.
Hoffmann, D. L., et al. “U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art.” Science, vol. 359, no. 6378, 23 Feb. 2018, pp. 912–915, doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778.
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloWere dogs originally food? (and other speculations)Stefan Milo2024-04-14 | Thanks to Keeps for sponsoring this video & for the free product! Head to http://keeps.com/stefanmilo to get a special offer. Individual results may vary.
Timestamps: 0:00 Intro 2:16 Controlling a wolf's breeding 4:47 Was dog domestication deliberate? 6:56 Thanks to Keeps 8:38 Why domesticate dogs? 10:47 Were dogs food? 14:17 Were dogs ritual tools? 17:37 Dogs as fish eaters? 20:40 What does dog domestication say about us?
Main source: Losey, Robert J., et al. “Dogs were domesticated in the Arctic: Culling practices and dog sledding at Ust’-Polui.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, vol. 51, Sept. 2018, pp. 113–126, doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2018.06.004.
Timestamps 0:00 Intro 1:20 Thanks to Kiwico 3:17 Our strangest cousins 6:48 Big game hunters 8:36 Hand axes 11:05 The first carpenters 12:56 A global species 15:42 Our tiniest cousin 18:04 life in the cold 20:35 Burnt grass 22:27 The biggest difference 23:55 A hard life
Written and Edited by Stefan Milosavljevich Artwork by Ettore Mazza Script help by Dr. Anna Goldfield Footage from Getty, Shutterstock, Wikimedia Commons
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloProbably Romes Furthest ExpeditionStefan Milo2024-03-14 | Click betterhelp.com/stefanmilo for 10% off your first month of therapy with my sponsor BetterHelp. Join over 4 million people who’ve met with a therapist on BetterHelp and started living a healthier, happier life.
Did Romans travel all the way to China, through Vietnam? I reckon so.
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloNeanderthal rituals site #evolution #science #archaeologyStefan Milo2024-03-13 | ...Ancient Amazonian Cities [3 examples...kind of]Stefan Milo2024-02-24 | Click betterhelp.com/stefanmilo for 10% off your first month of therapy with my sponsor BetterHelp. Join over 4 million people who’ve met with a therapist on BetterHelp and started living a healthier, happier life.
What's going on with these ancient Amazon cities!
Sources: Prümers, Heiko, et al. “Lidar reveals pre-Hispanic low-density urbanism in the Bolivian amazon.” Nature, vol. 606, no. 7913, 25 May 2022, pp. 325–328, doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04780-4.
Rostain, Stéphen, et al. “Two Thousand Years of garden urbanism in the Upper Amazon.” Science, vol. 383, no. 6679, 12 Jan. 2024, pp. 183–189, doi.org/10.1126/science.adi6317.
Šprajc, Ivan, et al. “Origins of mesoamerican astronomy and calendar: Evidence from the olmec and maya regions.” Science Advances, vol. 9, no. 1, 6 Jan. 2023, doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abq7675.
Timestamps: 0:00 Introduction 1:02 Thanks to Betterhelp 2:26 Spanish Accounts 6:22 LIDAR 7:17 Paper 1 11:25 Paper 2 15:19 Paper 3
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloMoral dilemma #archaeologyStefan Milo2024-02-14 | ...What am I even sayingStefan Milo2024-02-13 | ...Why so many skulls? #history #evolution #neanderthalsStefan Milo2024-02-13 | ...Evolution & your Chinese granny #evolution #history #ancientStefan Milo2024-02-12 | ...Finest craftsmanship #history #artStefan Milo2024-02-07 | ...Episode 1 of a little series whilst I’m here in VietnamStefan Milo2024-02-07 | ...thinking about apesStefan Milo2024-02-06 | ...What are these enormous piles of Mammoth bones?Stefan Milo2024-02-02 | Go to drinkag1.com/stefanmilo to get a FREE 1-year supply of Vitamin D3+K2 and 5 AG1 travel packs with your first purchase. Thanks to AG1 for sponsoring today's video!
Across the riverbanks of Russia and Ukraine, archaeologists have found enormous piles of mammoth bones. What are they?
Timestamps 0:00 Introduction 0:57 Mammoths 2:50 Thanks to AG1 4:23 Mammoth Structures 8:03 Houses? 10:53 Not Ritual AGAIN! 12:36 Odd construction 20:15 Bear Ritual
Sources: Sablin, Mikhail, et al. “The Epigravettian Site of Yudinovo, Russia: Mammoth bone structures as ritualised middens.” Environmental Archaeology, 19 Apr. 2023, pp. 1–21, doi.org/10.1080/14614103.2023.2182977.
“Paleolythic dwellings of Anosovka-Mezin type: Construction features and the issue of interpretation.” Rossiiskaia Arkheologiia, no. 4, Nov. 2019, doi.org/10.31857/s086960630007212-2.
Khlopachev, Gennady A. “Les Cabanes de Type « anosovka-mézine » du site de Yudinovo : éléments de construction, architecture, Classification.” L’Anthropologie, vol. 125, no. 4, Sept. 2021, p. 102923, doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2021.102923.
Iakovleva, Lioudmila. “The architecture of mammoth bone circular dwellings of the Upper Palaeolithic settlements in Central and Eastern Europe and their socio-symbolic meanings.” Quaternary International, vol. 359–360, Mar. 2015, pp. 324–334, doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.08.050.
Pryor, Alexander J.E., et al. “The chronology and function of a new circular mammoth-bone structure at Kostenki 11.” Antiquity, vol. 94, no. 374, 17 Mar. 2020, pp. 323–341, doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.7.
Ethno-archaeology among Evenkian forest hunters. Preliminary results and a different approach to reality! Mesolithic on the Move Papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm 2000, Ole Gren and Oleg Kuznetsov
Electrodoodle by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0BIG RAMBLE - Thank you (plus out of breath update)Stefan Milo2023-12-21 | thank you all so much! Here's to a great 2024
0:00 rambly thank you 4:07 I know where I am 4:20 log 1 4:38 more rambly thank yous 5:08 log 2 5:16 rambly 2024 plans
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloWhy do Amazonian people have some Australasian DNA?Stefan Milo2023-12-14 | Sign up for a 14-day free trial and enjoy all the amazing features MyHeritage has to offer. bit.ly/StefanMilo If you decide to continue your subscription, you’ll get a 50% discount.
People in South America share a complicated connection to groups in South Asia and Oceania? Do they share ancestry from a mysterious group geneticists call Population Y?
Today the help of expert geneticists Tábita Hünemeier and Marcos Araújo Castro e Silva we're going to discuss one of the biggest questions in archaeology and prehistory, who was Population Y?
This research connects remote Indian islands, to the mountains of Vietnam, to caves deep in Brazil. It's fascinating stuff.
0:00 Introduction 3:53 Peopling of America 7:04 What do we know 12:48 Why not in the north? 17:27 Where did Pop Y come from? 23:46 In America First? 26:55 I see into your brain 30:00 Conclusione
Quick note Some images at 17:53 are not of the Onge, but of the neighbouring Jarawa ethnic group. I try really hard to source accurate images and video footage but for very small groups that is not always possible.
$1000 of the Myheritage sponsorship was donated to Amazon Watch in appreciation of the help provided by Native Groups in understanding our past. Much love to all!
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloThe worlds most heavily debated footprintsStefan Milo2023-12-09 | Get 50% off your first month of KiwiCo at kiwico.com/stefan with code STEFAN
The most important archaeological sites in the entire world, definitely in America.
Watch my videos Ad free only on Nebula go.nebula.tv/stefanmiloHow do neanderthal genes affect your health? (With Geneticist Laurits Skov)Stefan Milo2023-11-26 | Go to https://ground.news/stefan to stay fully informed. Subscribe through my link for as little as $1/month or get 40% off unlimited access this month only.
How do neanderthal genes affect your health? Today I'm chatting with UC Berkeley geneticist, Laurits Skov about his research in this area. We even get to look at my genome!
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
www.instagram.com/historysmilomaaaaybe the oldest stories in the worldStefan Milo2023-10-17 | What are the oldest stories in the world? I'd like to suggest 2 contenders.
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
www.instagram.com/historysmiloWhat do you think? #archaeologyStefan Milo2023-09-24 | ...Who were the first people in recorded history?Stefan Milo2023-09-20 | If you’re struggling, consider therapy with our sponsor BetterHelp. Click betterhelp.com/stefanmilo for a 10% discount on your first month of therapy with a licensed professional specific to your needs.
Huge thanks to Sara Mohr, Raven Todd Da Sila and Hassan Elzawy. Written by Stefan Milosavljevich Edited by Amanda Laws Artwork by Ettore Mazza
Sources: Kushim Source: Nissen, Hans-Jörg, et al. Archaic Bookkeeping Early Writing and Techniques of Economic Administration in the Ancient Near East. University of Chicago Press, 1993.
Source for the goatherders: Green, M. W. “Animal Husbandry at Uruk in the Archaic Period.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 39, no. 1, 1980, pp. 1–35, doi.org/10.1086/372776.
Source for Gal-Sal: Visible Language: Inventions of Writing In The Middle East And Beyond, Oriental Institute Of Chicago
Source for Egypt relied heavily on Raven and Hassan but this is the Petrie book Petrie, William Matthew. The Royal Tombs of the Earliest Dynasties, 2013, doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107337299.
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
Were humans in Oregon 18,000 years ago? Were humans in Brazil 27,000 years ago???? hmmmm tricky. Timestamps: 0:00 Intro 1:52 Why so much debate? 7:32 Site 1 Oregon 12:52 Site 2 Brazil 22:18 What does this all mean?
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
www.instagram.com/historysmiloGenetic insights into Neanderthal societyStefan Milo2023-08-15 | What can we learn about Neanderthal society from this huge genetic sample? For 50% off with HelloFresh PLUS free shipping, use code 50STEFANMILO at bit.ly/3Qec8y9
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
Sources: Harmand, Sonia, et al. “3.3-Million-Year-Old Stone Tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya.” Nature, vol. 521, no. 7552, 2015, pp. 310–315, doi.org/10.1038/nature14464.
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
www.instagram.com/historysmiloPoor Aphrodisios! #history Thanks to Roku Romora for sharing. Gravestone is at the Louvre.Stefan Milo2023-07-12 | ...TLDR we shouldn’t do genetics research without the willing participation of all parties affected.Stefan Milo2023-07-05 | ...Best names ever probablyStefan Milo2023-06-22 | ...America’s unique prehistoric problemStefan Milo2023-06-20 | ...The Best Evidence For The First Americans...so farStefan Milo2023-06-16 | Get an exclusive Surfshark deal! Enter promo code STEFANMILO for an extra 3 months free at https://surfshark.deals/stefanmilo
An important clarification from the Nez Perce. They do not support the testing of human remains for ancient DNA as it is a destructive process and not how they believe the dead should be treated. My apologies for not making their opposition to that clear in this video.
We still don't know when humans arrived in North America but I think this is our best bet so far. It's Pre-Clovis, lines up with genetics and has a connection to Asia.
Sources: Image of Anzick Tools courtesy of Dr. Samuel Stockton White
Davis, Loren G., et al. “Late Upper Paleolithic Occupation at Cooper’s Ferry, Idaho, USA, ~16,000 Years Ago.” Science, vol. 365, no. 6456, 2019, pp. 891–897, doi.org/10.1126/science.aax9830.
Williams, Thomas J., et al. “Evidence of an Early Projectile Point Technology in North America at the Gault Site, Texas, USA.” Science Advances, vol. 4, no. 7, 2018, doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar5954.
Jenkins, Dennis L., et al. “Clovis Age Western Stemmed Projectile Points and Human Coprolites at the Paisley Caves.” Science, vol. 337, no. 6091, 2012, pp. 223–228, doi.org/10.1126/science.1218443.
Raff, Jennifer. “6.” Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas, Twelve, Hatchett Book Group, New York, 2023.
Pratt, Jordan, et al. “A Circum-Pacific Perspective on the Origin of Stemmed Points in North America.” PaleoAmerica, vol. 6, no. 1, 2019, pp. 64–108, doi.org/10.1080/20555563.2019.1695500.
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
www.instagram.com/historysmiloDid Polynesians Reach America? DNA evidenceStefan Milo2023-05-20 | The genetic evidence for one of the greatest voyages in history. The first 100 people to use code STEFANMILO at the link below will get 60% off of Incogni: incogni.com/stefanmilo"
Chapters: 0:00 Intro 4:06 Spanish Potatoes? 5:32 Thor and Lapita 10:30 Oral History Meets Genetics 14:34 Rapa Nui DNA 21:00 The New Study 29:18 When 35:14 Where 38:14 Caveat 41:34 Tei Tetua
Sources: Ioannidis, Alexander G., et al. “Native American Gene Flow into Polynesia Predating Easter Island Settlement.” Nature, vol. 583, no. 7817, 2020, pp. 572–577, doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2487-2.
Ioannidis, Alexander G., Javier Blanco-Portillo, Karla Sandoval, Erika Hagelberg, Carmina Barberena-Jonas, et al. “Paths and Timings of the Peopling of Polynesia Inferred from Genomic Networks.” Nature, vol. 597, no. 7877, 2021, pp. 522–526, doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03902-8.
Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor, et al. “Genome-Wide Ancestry Patterns in Rapanui Suggest Pre-European Admixture with Native Americans.” Current Biology, vol. 24, no. 21, 2014, pp. 2518–2525, doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.09.057.
Ioannidis, Alexander G., Javier Blanco-Portillo, Karla Sandoval, Erika Hagelberg, Carmina Barberena-Jonas, et al. “Paths and Timings of the Peopling of Polynesia Inferred from Genomic Networks.” Nature, vol. 597, no. 7877, 2021, pp. 522–526, doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03902-8.
Eckstein, Lars, and Anja Schwarz. “The Making of Tupaia’s Map: A Story of the Extent and Mastery of Polynesian Navigation, Competing Systems of Wayfinding on James Cook’s Endeavor, and the Invention of an Ingenious Cartographic System.” The Journal of Pacific History, vol. 54, no. 1, 2018, pp. 1–95, doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2018.1512369.
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
www.instagram.com/historysmiloWhere are all the Denisovans? Ancient DNAStefan Milo2023-05-04 | In 2010 geneticists uncovered an entirely new branch of human evolution, which they called the Denisovans. Since then archaeologists have been on the hunt for this lost population. Today, with the help of Geneticist Joao Teixeira we make that argument that we did find them, we found quite a few of them and we found them 100 years ago.
Sources: Reich, David, et al. “Genetic History of an Archaic Hominin Group from Denisova Cave in Siberia.” Nature, vol. 468, no. 7327, 2010, pp. 1053–1060., doi.org/10.1038/nature09710.
Teixeira, João C., et al. “Widespread Denisovan Ancestry in Island Southeast Asia but No Evidence of Substantial Super-Archaic Hominin Admixture.” Nature Ecology & Evolution, vol. 5, no. 5, 2021, pp. 616–624., doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01408-0.
Rizal, Yan, et al. “Last Appearance of Homo Erectus at Ngandong, Java, 117,000–108,000 Years Ago.” Nature, vol. 577, no. 7790, 2019, pp. 381–385., doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1863-2.
Détroit, Florent, et al. “A New Species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines.” Nature, vol. 568, no. 7751, 2019, pp. 181–186., doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1067-9.
Hayes, Elspeth H., et al. “65,000-Years of Continuous Grinding Stone Use at Madjedbebe, Northern Australia.” Scientific Reports, vol. 12, no. 1, 2022, doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15174-x.
Westaway, K., Louys, J., Awe, R. et al. An early modern human presence in Sumatra 73,000–63,000 years ago. Nature 548, 322–325 (2017). doi.org/10.1038/nature23452
Rogers, Alan R., et al. “Neanderthal-Denisovan Ancestors Interbred with a Distantly-Related Hominin.” 2019, doi.org/10.1101/657247.
Zeitoun, Valery, et al. “Solo Man in Question: Convergent Views to Split Indonesian Homo Erectus in Two Categories.” Quaternary International, vol. 223-224, 2010, pp. 281–292., doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.01.018.
Jacobs, Guy S., et al. “Multiple Deeply Divergent Denisovan Ancestries in Papuans.” Cell, vol. 177, no. 4, 2019, doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.035.
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
www.instagram.com/historysmiloA great evolution mysteryStefan Milo2023-03-04 | ...The Life and Death of a Neanderthal (Shanidar 1)Stefan Milo2023-02-22 | Roughly 50,000 years ago, Shanidar 1 aka Nandy walked the earth. What can we say about the life and death of this Neanderthal?
Sources: Great general source for Neanderthals: Sykes, Rebecca Wragg. Kindred. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020.
Shanidar Neanderthals and their injuries: Trinkaus, Erik, and M. R. Zimmerman. “Trauma among the Shanidar Neandertals.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 57, no. 1, 1982, pp. 61–76., doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330570108.
Churchill, Steven E., et al. “Shanidar 3 Neandertal Rib Puncture Wound and Paleolithic Weaponry.” Journal of Human Evolution, vol. 57, no. 2, 2009, pp. 163–178., doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.05.010.
Trinkaus, Erik, and Sébastien Villotte. “External Auditory Exostoses and Hearing Loss in the Shanidar 1 Neandertal.” PLOS ONE, vol. 12, no. 10, 2017, doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186684.
Neanderthal Medicine: Weyrich, Laura S., et al. “Neanderthal Behaviour, Diet, and Disease Inferred from Ancient DNA in Dental Calculus.” Nature, vol. 544, no. 7650, 2017, pp. 357–361., doi.org/10.1038/nature21674.
Cannibalism: Defleur, Alban R., and Emmanuel Desclaux. “Impact of the Last Interglacial Climate Change on Ecosystems and Neanderthals Behavior at Baume Moula-Guercy, Ardèche, France.” Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 104, 2019, pp. 114–124., doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2019.01.002.
Smith, Tanya M., et al. “Wintertime Stress, Nursing, and Lead Exposure in Neanderthal Children.” Science Advances, vol. 4, no. 10, 2018, doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau9483.
Diet: Martínez Valle, Rafael, et al. “Bird Consumption in the Final Stage of Cova Negra (Xátiva, Valencia).” Quaternary International, vol. 421, 2016, pp. 85–102., doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.01.068.
Evins, Mary A. “The Fauna from Shanidar Cave : Mousterian Wild Goat Exploitation in Northeastern Iraq.” Paléorient, vol. 8, no. 1, 1982, pp. 37–58., doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1982.4308.
Boëda, Eric, et al. “A Levallois Point Embedded in the Vertebra of a Wild Ass (Equus Africanus): Hafting, Projectiles and Mousterian Hunting Weapons.” Antiquity, vol. 73, no. 280, 1999, pp. 394–402., doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00088335.
Henry, Amanda G., et al. “Microfossils in Calculus Demonstrate Consumption of Plants and Cooked Foods in Neanderthal Diets (Shanidar III, Iraq; Spy I and II, Belgium).” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108, no. 2, 2010, pp. 486–491., doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1016868108.
Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine, et al. “Hunting and Processing of Straight-Tusked Elephants 125.000 Years Ago: Implications for Neanderthal Behavior.” Science Advances, vol. 9, no. 5, 2023, doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add8186.
Art & Symbolism: Hoffmann, D. L., et al. “U-Th Dating of Carbonate Crusts Reveals Neandertal Origin of Iberian Cave Art.” Science, vol. 359, no. 6378, 2018, pp. 912–915., doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778.
Jaubert, J., Verheyden, S., Genty, D. et al. Early Neanderthal constructions deep in Bruniquel Cave in southwestern France. Nature 534, 111–114 (2016). doi.org/10.1038/nature18291
Artwork by Ettore Mazza Additional research by Dr. Anna Goldfield
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
www.instagram.com/historysmiloAnswering a childs archaeology questions (theyre hard)Stefan Milo2022-12-16 | Huge thanks to Bertie for getting my book and asking such awesome questions Check out my book here https://a.co/d/9BE4VB9