Insane Curiosity
31 Heroes Gave Their Lives To Make Artemis II Possible. Nobody Remembers Them.
updated
Betelgeuse: Identikit
Betelgeuse, a star in the Orion constellation, is a fascinating celestial object that captures the imagination of both astronomers and pop culture enthusiasts. What sets it apart from our Sun is its remarkable size and distinct characteristics.
Dimming Before the Explosion
In order to understand why and how a star like Betelgeuse ends its life going supernova, we need a pinch of stellar evolution theory. However, we will leave the tedious part to astronomers and we will focus on the explosive stuff!
The great dimming
The craziest thing happened in 2019. Betelgeuse went extremely dimmer than usual, and this of course alerted astronomers all over the world, for the exact reasons mentioned earlier. The event is now known as “the great dimming”.
New Study Results
As we already mentioned, stars like Betelgeuse are incredible celestial objects that fuse elements together in their core, creating new ones. This fusion process leads to variations in the star's brightness.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
6:10 dimming before the explosion
7:20 How does this dim take place?
8:20 the great dimming
11.10 New Studies Results
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#insanecuriosity #betelgeuse #supernova
But... Just as we study the inhabitants of North Sentinel Island as if it were a zoo, would it be possible that an extraterrestrial race much more advanced than us could be studying the human race as if we were a zoo? Stay to find out!
North Sentinel Island
North Sentinel Island is a small island in the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean. This island is part of the Andaman Islands archipelago, which belongs to India. What makes North Sentinel Island unique is that it is inhabited by an indigenous tribe known as the Sentinelese, who have lived in isolation and with virtually no contact with the outside world for approximately 60 thousand years.
Why has it been decided to leave this tribe alone?
It has been decided to leave the island's inhabitants alone because any contact with modern civilization could pose a mortal risk for them and anyone who tries to approach them.
A human zoo?
It is likely that among the island's inhabitants, some curious people wonder where those men come from who dress in such colorful clothes on those boats that can cross the ocean.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
00:40 North Sentinel Island
2:53 Why has it been decided to leave this tribe alone?
6:50 A Human Zoo?
9:08 could we say that the north
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#insanecuriosity #zoohypothesis #
Even though Mercury is the second closest planet to Earth, this is also the most challenging planet to visit, but why?
Is it because it is too close to the sun? Because of its high temperatures? Or will the composition of the planet have something to do with it? The answer will surprise you!
The closest planet to Earth is Venus; yes, you heard right, Venus; although it is popularly said that the planet more like Earth is Mars, the closest is Venus because it is only 25 million miles (40 million km) from the Earth at its closest point.
Why is it so difficult to get to Mars?
In addition to Earth, Mars is the planet with the best conditions to host humans. Space agencies such as SpaceX or NASA are planning to take the next generation of astronauts to the red planet, but it has not yet been achieved, Why is it so difficult to get to Mars?
let's start!
During the space race in the 60s, NASA successfully took six missions to the moon that placed 12 astronauts on the surface of our natural satellite. Having gone to the moon several times nearly five decades ago and is used to seeing astronauts travel to space almost routinely, having extended stays on the International Space Station, it's tempting to think that sending humans to Mars could be perfectly plausible today.
Is it challenging to get to Jupiter? Why have we never seen its interior?
Jupiter is the most visited gaseous planet of all; throughout the history of space exploration, it has been visited by nine spacecraft; however, so far, only one ship has managed to cross its dense atmosphere to observe its interior. Is it tough to land a spaceship on Jupiter? What's inside the gas giant?
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
00:02 Why Is It So Hard To Get To Mercury?
10:45 Why Is It So Hard To Get To Mars?
23:18 Why Is It So Hard To Get To Jupiter?
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#insanecuriosity #spacetrip #solarsystemjourney
How possible is it for a star to cause this? And most importantly, is there a twin star of the Sun called Nemesis?
Let's find out!
First of all, we must know how stars are formed. The origin of the stars is in the nebulae, immense concentrations of dust and gas. This matter gradually concentrates in different nebula areas until gravity causes them to collapse, forming stars.
Is there evidence of the existence of the star Nemesis?
Many may wonder, if the Sun had a twin sister orbiting around it, how come we have never seen her?
A dark star
An explication is that we have not found the Nemesis star because it could be a dark star, that is, a brown dwarf. Brown dwarfs are in a "gray area" in classifying celestial objects. They are bigger than a planet, but not as big as a star, and generally do not have enough mass to initiate nuclear hydrogen fusion reactions at their core.
The search for a ghost
Because it is almost impossible for a star or a brown dwarf to exist, much less a black hole. A few years ago, a new theory emerged, which is taken more seriously in the scientific community.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
2:20 alpha centauri and proxima centauri
3:40 is there evidence of
7:36 could the nemesis star exist?
9:07 the search for a ghost
11:40 Is Jupiter a failed star?
15:28 Why Jupiter has remained a planet?
17:05: Is there any chance that this could happen?
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#insanecuriosity #nemesis #darkstar
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Join us on an extraordinary journey as we delve into the groundbreaking New Horizons mission to Saturn. Discover the spacecraft, its objectives, and the thrilling discoveries that await as we explore the mysteries of the ringed giant. Let's embark on this cosmic adventure together!
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#insanecuriosity #missiontosaturn #newhorizon
Drop everything and let me give you a really fun fact about the North Star to share with your friends and family, in the hopes of sounding a little smarter and up to date in the science field. Everything we know about this star has just been put under a huge question mark!
Polaris, also known as the North Star, has been guiding travelers for centuries in determining the direction of north on Earth. This star is located in the constellation Ursa Minor, commonly known as the Little Dipper. Thanks to its fixed position relative to the Earth's rotation axis, Polaris remains almost directly above the North Pole throughout the night. This makes it a reliable reference point for navigators, astronomers, and even everyday stargazers who want to locate the North direction, since the beginning of civilization!
At the center of the Little Dipper, Polaris is part of a triple star system. It consists of a primary star and two companions, which are much fainter and orbit around the main star.
The interesting aspect of Polaris that we will be focusing on is its pulsating nature. It periodically varies in brightness, which can be clearly observed and determined by astronomers. This characteristic is usually studied to gain insights into the distance of stars and gain more information on the acceleration rate of the Universe
What is Happening?
Very recent studies have shown that the pulsations of the star haven’t been showing exactly what we expected them to. Its pulsations have been undergoing weird changes in the past 200 years, and we only really noticed today!
Types of Stars Around It
The Polaris I keep mentioning is the main star, more professionally called Polaris AA. It is a yellow super giant, also called an F type star.
Direct Observations
Here's the interesting part about Cepheid variables- their total brightness is directly linked to their pulsation! It's like their own little light show
Something is Weird!
Recently, the observations from Polaris have added a new twist to the story. Astronomers have been keeping tabs on it and have noticed some interesting things.
Possible Causes We Know Of
As we get into the intricacies, it becomes a little apparent that the cause lies within the orbital dynamics at play. Let's take a closer look at the enigmatic situation.
Consequences
However, this new finding presents a huge problem. As I mentioned earlier, Cepheid variables are commonly used to accurately determine distances, because of their unchanging nature
Outro
In conclusion, the discovery of how Cepheid variables are influenced by their partner stars has raised concerns regarding the accuracy of distance measurement
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
1:40 What is Happening?
2:42 What type of star are orbiting Polaris
3:52 direct observations
5:56 Something is weird!
8:27 possible causes we know of:
9:30 consequences
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#insanecuriosity #polaris #northstar
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How does our sun, the powerhouse of our solar system, influence Earth's climate? Join us as we explore the intriguing connection between solar variability and our planet's ever-changing weather patterns. It's a cosmic dance that shapes our world!
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#insanecuriosity #solarvariability #climatechange
Its name is Dimethyl Sulfide, but its friends call it DMS.
You put it on your eyes: it burns. Do you spread it on your skin? It hurts. If you find a bottle of it: don’t swallow it. Moreover, it stinks, and it has a very unpleasant odor, why would you even get close to it?
Now, it appears that our beloved James Webb Space Telescope has discovered DMS on the exoplanet K2 18b. This is an incredibly thrilling discovery, as the presence of this molecule in a planet's atmosphere could provide compelling evidence for the existence of life as we understand it. Skeptical? Join me in this video and allow me to change your mind. We may be on the cusp of the most groundbreaking discovery ever made. Don't pass up this opportunity!
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K2-18b
K2-18b is an exoplanet located approximately 124 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Leo. It was discovered by the Kepler space telescope and confirmed as an exoplanet in 2015
K2-18b: a Hycean Planet
Take note: 2019 was K2-18b’s year. That year, astronomers had the Hubble space telescope’s mirror pointing at it, and they discovered something incredible.
Further research was conducted using the Hubble Space Telescope, enabling scientists to gather more information about the atmosphere of the planet.
Biosignatures
So, what do scientists look for when they want to assess whether a planet is hosting life or not?
First, they make sure the planet is in the habitable region of its star. In the case of K2-18b, this holds.
Breaking Discovery
Among the observations made by the Webb telescope is also the possible presence of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), a molecule which, at least on Earth, is produced only by biological activities.
Different Scenarios
So, is everything real or are we dreaming? For sure, the finding of DMS on K2-18b is not a dream.
The discovery of DMS (Dimethyl Sulfide) provides solid observational evidence rather than mere speculation. However, it is still possible that this finding could be a result of calibration errors in the measurements.
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00:00 Intro
1:08 k2 18b
4:30 K2-18b: a Hycean Planet
7:18 Biosignatures
9:23 Breaking Discovery
10:00 Different Scenarios
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#insanecuriosity #jameswebbspacetelescope #k1218b
But what you can do is to warp spacetime around you, creating a bubble so that the bubble itself travels faster than light. This concept is very well known among sci-fi lovers, it is the Alcubierre Drive. Alcubierre was the name of the mathematician who first studied this problem from a topological point of view. However, not all mathematical results find a physical application. To find one, the computations need to comply with the limits imposed by reality. In the case of the Alcubierre’s drive, if we wanted to build one, we would need a gigantic amount of energy, because warping spacetime is no walk in the park! Think about the fact that only very massive objects like planets, stars, and black holes are capable of warping it off a noticeable amount. Of course, even the smallest grain of sand is currently warping spacetime, but its contribution is so small that, if it were the only existing object in the cosmos, the universe would be flat everywhere.
So, as you can understand, it is almost impossible to build something like an Alcubierre’s drive making use of the current technologies and resources. However, it might be that in the future, a more advanced human civilization will be able to make one. So, with just the right amount of time, we will be able to do everything we want to. The advancement of humanity seems to be unstoppable…but is it?
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Type VII Civilization: Definition
In the vast expanse of the universe, there’s a scale that provides a fascinating framework for understanding the potential of civilizations based on their energy consumption and utilization capabilities.
Type VII Civilization: Definition
In the vast expanse of the universe, there’s a scale that provides a fascinating framework for understanding the potential of civilizations based on their energy consumption and utilization capabilities.
Type I: Planetary Power
On this scale, humanity is estimated to be at approximately 0.73. This places us at the lower end of a so-called Type I civilization.
Type II: Stellar Power
A Type II Kardashian civilization signifies a remarkable advancement in energy mastery as it expands its capabilities to encompass an entire star
Type III: Galactic Power
A Type III civilization is characterized by its ability to harness energy on a galactic scale.
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00:00 intro
00:24 alcubierre drive
1:50 type 7 advanced civilization
3:15 type 1 kardashev scale
6:02 type 2 kardashev + dyson sphere
8:08 type 3 galactic power
11:15 type 4 and beyond
12:20 back to type 7
#insanecuriosity #kardashevscale #advancedcivilization
"Introduction"
Humans have been living in this world as a species for approximately 200,000 years; this means that throughout human history, we have witnessed several periods in which global temperatures dropped dramatically, but for this video, we are going to consider the maximum peak of the last Ice Age, which occurred approximately 20,000 years ago, this was the period when temperatures were lowest.
South America
Today the only glaciers that exist are found mainly in 3 areas of the world, Antarctica, the North Pole, and the Himalayas, but during the last great ice age, there were many more glaciers and ice sheets.
North America
Twenty thousand years ago, what is now Canada was covered entirely in ice, extending to the northern part of the USA.
Europe
On the European continent, the scenario was much more drastic since an ice sheet was formed that extended from the British Isles to Siberia.
ASIA
The continent that suffered the most changes during the last great ice age was the Asian continent; since being made up of lower lands, Earth connections were formed due to the drop in sea level.
Oceania
Just as Asia underwent significant changes during this time, Oceania underwent many changes. Currently, the islands of Australia and New Guinea are separated by the Torres Strait, but during the last ice age, that strait did not exist.
Africa
Finally, the African continent would be the least affected by the glaciation; However, global temperatures meant no tropical forests like there are today in the Congo; Africa did not have large glaciers like America or many emerging lands like Asia.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
2:05 South America - Antactica
3:48 North America
5:10 Europe
7::30 Asia
9:32 Oceania
10:28 Africa
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#insanecuriosity #iceage #geography
Currently, spaceships, even humanity's most advanced and powerful, have many problems getting out of the solar system.
This is mainly due to two factors; the first is that the universe is vast, it is immense, and the distances that separate all celestial bodies are so enormous that they cannot be measured in kilometers but rather in astronomical units and light years.
An astronomical unit is the average distance between the Sun and Earth, equivalent to approximately 92.96 million miles (149.6 million kilometers).
The problem of going out
To date, no human-created spacecraft has managed to leave the solar system.
Technologies that already exist
In past videos, we have talked about the different technologies that could exist in the future to travel to Alpha Centauri. However, most of them remain in speculation as they do not exist yet.
Temporary dilation
Time dilation is a phenomenon that arises from Einstein's theory of relativity; in simple terms, it means that time can pass slower or faster depending on the speed and gravity in which you find yourself.
What technology will be chosen?
That said, considering the trip to Alpha Centauri will take more than 80 years, what technology would be chosen to do it?
1. Nuclear Fusion Propulsion
Nuclear fusion propulsion is a space propulsion concept based on the use of energy generated by controlled nuclear fusion.
2. Nuclear Pulse Propulsion
Pulse nuclear propulsion, also known as pulsed nuclear explosion nuclear propulsion, is a space propulsion concept that involves using controlled nuclear explosions to generate impulses and propel a spacecraft.
3. Solar sail propulsion
Solar sail propulsion is a theoretical space propulsion method based on harnessing the pressure of solar radiation to propel a spacecraft. It uses a very light and large sail or reflector, known as a solar sail, which reflects solar radiation.
4. Laser propulsion
Laser propulsion is a space propulsion concept that relies on using a high-powered laser beam to propel a spacecraft.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
1:38 the problem of going out
2:40 25.000 years to leave the solar system?
4:20 technology that already exist
6:10 time dilation solution + scheda
7:56 what technology will be chosen?
8:18 1. Nuclear Fusion Propulsion
9:15 2. Nuclear Pulse Propulsion
10:20 3.Solar sail propulsion
11:18 4. laser propulsion
13:50 What Will Solar Sail Propulsion Mean for the Future of Space Travel?
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#insanecuriosity #interstellartravel #alphacentauri
Nebulae are like the supermodels of the universe - they are stunningly beautiful and everyone wants to capture a picture of them. But surprisingly, they're not as well-known as you might think.
Allow me to explain. The term "nebula" has always been a bit confusing because it's been used to describe different things. But thanks to some amazing discoveries, scientists have been able to somehow classify them. What they've found is that some are so huge they stretch out for hundreds of light years!
Now, here's the really cool part - most nebulae are where stars are born! Take the Orion Nebula, for example. It's one of the most famous ones out there and it's actually one of the most photographed things in the night sky. This beautiful nebula has given us a peek into how stars and even whole planetary systems are formed!
You see, these objects are made up of clouds of gas and dust. When they collapse under their own gravity, they start to form new stars. It's like watching a cosmic nursery in action. These stunning objects might not be as famous as they deserve to be, but they hold the key to understanding the birth of our universe. Would you believe me if I told you you are living in one of them?
What a Nebula IS NOT
Imagine being an early astronomer, gazing up at the night sky and discovering something unusual. There, amidst the twinkling stars, you spot a hazy object that resembles a cloud. Curiosity grips you, and you decide to give it a name: nebula.
What a Nebula IS
A nebula is a massive cloud formed by dust and gases, predominantly hydrogen and helium, that exists in the vastness of space.
The Local Interstellar Cloud
The Local Interstellar Cloud belongs to the so-called emission-type nebulae, made of ionized gases that emit light of various wavelengths
How do we Know?
Well, the answer to this question is quite easy they have used various scientific instruments and observations to gather this information.
The Local Interstellar Cloud Structure
The local interstellar cloud, known as the LIC, may be faint, but it possesses a distinguishable structure like any other nebula. Despite its boundary-like appearance, scientists have discovered that it exhibits a defined structure.
Superbubble, Remnant Supershell
Astronomers have made an intriguing discovery about the Local Interstellar Cloud – it is not alone. In fact, it is part of a much larger group of clouds known as a Local Bubble.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
00:40 Orion nebula
1:28 What a Nebula IS NOT
3:08 What a Nebula IS
5:00 The Local Interstellar Cloud
7:25 How do we know?
8:25 The Local Interstellar Cloud Structure
9:20 Superbubble, Remnant Supershell
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#insanecuriosity #nebula #orionnebula
Imagine you pick up a newspaper and all the headlines scream about the rising temperature around the world. It's a big concern, especially if they don’t make it clear what exactly is going on. Well, in this video, we're going to see what science has to say about it, and why we should care. I’ll make sure to explain everything in the simplest way possible. But brace yourself, because what you're about to learn might not be what you want to hear.
Here on this channel, we believe in the power of science. It's like a crystal ball, helping us predict the future and understand the past. We rely on it for videos about the vast solar system, the incredible Voyager probes, and even the mysterious atmospheres of faraway exoplanets. And guess what? Science plays a huge role in this video too - all about global warming.
Are They Lying to Us?
What the scientific community has been trying to tell us during the past decades is that we must be careful, because temperatures are rapidly increasing all over the years, and this is happening at the fastest pace it ever happened in million years.
How to Measure the Earth's Temperature
The first thermometer ever invented exploited a very well-known physics principle: thermal expansion. In a nutshell, every material expands when warmed up, and contracts when it cools down. a mercury thermometer consists of a glass tube filled with mercury
Zooming In
So, once we understand how the previous plot was actually made, it is reasonable to take a closer look by zooming in. Let’s go from a scale of millions of years to a scale of thousands of years, and see what the plots tell us! Wow! Look at that! Do you notice anything peculiar?
Human Impact
Alright, so here's the deal: Throughout Earth's history, temperature changes have happened naturally, taking a long time to unfold. But now, things are moving faster. And guess who's to blame? Yep, it's us.
A Reversible Trend
However, we are not completely doomed yet. The potential reversibility of climate change hinges on a combination of factors. At the forefront of this battle is mitigation — the sustained reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
1.20 Are They Lying to Us?
4:06 How to Measure the Earth's Temperature
9:00 Zooming in
12:20 human impact
14:20 A Reversible Trend
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#insanecuriosity #globalwarming #iceage
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For centuries, humans have looked to the stars for guidance. Is astrology mere coincidence or does it truly impact our lives? Dive in as we unravel the mysteries of the cosmos and its potential influence on us.
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#insanecuriosity #astrology #cosmos
As beautiful as this dream seems for the common citizen who just wants to watch high-quality videos in the comfort of his home, this is an ultimate nightmare for the scientific community! Their observations are being severely disturbed by the near earth objects, creating very long light streams when long exposure pictures are taken! Will we reach a time where stars will stop being accessible to us on Earth and the only way to see them is through pictures from space-based telescopes? Are we ready to say goodbye to romantic stargazing nights in the desert or up in the mountains?
Quick Recap
Let’s remember together what these little trouble-making satellites are made of.
In order to make them the most effective and least costly, the satellites operate on solar panels that get charged during the day, to be able to power the satellite throughout the night.
Stars? Or Elon Musk?
Nowadays, it seems like everywhere you look, you see Elon Musk. You look on your right, you see a Tesla pass by, you look on your left, you see his face next to Mark Zuckerberg’s claiming to meet up for a physical fight. Now that he has successfully conquered our Earth, he’s planning to conquer what surrounds it too!
The Train
Despite all the negative consequences that Starlink is imposing on scientific research and our Earth’s habitability, it is still somehow a pretty sight for us to watch the famous “Train of Lights” pass us by in the night sky.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
1:30 Quick Recap
3:25 Stars? Or Elon Musk?
4:25dark coated satellites,
6:07 Space Debris
9:48 The train of lights
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#insanecuriosity #starlink #starlinksatellites
Here’s why it's so difficult to get to Mercury!
It was a thrilling day on November 3, 1973, filled with excitement for a group of NASA engineers. They were eagerly awaiting the launch of Mariner 10, an extraordinary robotic space probe that would have accomplished what was long thought to be forbidden: reaching Mercury, the closest planet to the scorching Sun.
The New York Times perfectly described the mission's ambitious goals:
“Mariner 10 will take the 1,100‐pound spacecraft by the cloud‐shrouded Venus on its way to Mercury, the first two‐planet mission ever attempted. It will also be the first attempt to use the gravity of one planet, Venus, as a source of energy to reach another planet.”
Yes, Mercury posed a daunting challenge. But NASA's brilliant minds, as you'll see in this captivating video, triumphed over the odds. They skillfully guided Mariner 10 not once, not twice, but three times past Mercury, setting a groundbreaking record in the process. The last flyby on March 16, 1975, was especially remarkable when they brought the spacecraft within a mere 203 miles (327 kilometers) of the planet's surface.
From that moment on, the quest to reach the innermost planet of the Solar System would never be the same. NASA paved the way for future missions, leaving an indelible mark on space exploration history.
The Speed Problem
Mercury, the mysterious inner planet of our solar system, remains largely unexplored. Can you believe that only two missions, Mariner 10 and MESSENGER, have dared to get up close and personal with this enigma? But hold onto your seats because there's another mission in the pipeline. Its name is Bepi Colombo, and it is set to reach Mercury by December 2025. Cue the excitement!
The Temperature Problem
Anyway, let’s get back to our problems.
Our probe will in general face numerous challenges before it can safely reach Mercury, and speed is just one of them.
The Communication Delay Problem
Mercury, the closest planet to Earth, is actually quite far away. We're talking about a whopping 48 million miles (77 million km) distance!
The Endurance Problem
But even if you manage to get everything planned, there's still another problem to deal with. The journey to Mercury is no picnic. Depending on the spacecraft's propulsion system and trajectory, it can take several months or even years to reach Mercury.
A Word on Bepi Colombo
As we approach the end of this video, I would like to talk about the last of the three missions humans ever sent to Mercury. Bepi Colombo takes its name from the famous Mathematician we mentioned earlier, whose theories played a crucial role in the exploration of Mercury.
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00:00 Intro
1:45 The speed problem
5:12 The temperature problem
7:38 The communication delay problem
8:30 The endurance problem
9:30 bepicolombo mission
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#insanecuriosity #mercurymission #mercury
This was absolutely extraordinary because hurricanes rarely hit California. The first one struck its shores only in 1939, and the last one occurred in 1997, more than 25 years ago. However, one thing is certain… Most of the storms that have reached the 'Golden State,' as California is called, have occurred when another cyclical force of nature known as El Niño was in full swing!
El Niño is not a new phenomenon, and its study has evolved over time to the present day. It's not an ocean current or a one-time nature's whim; El Niño is a cyclical event capable of altering the climate and many other parameters worldwide. According to experts, following the initial signs also reported by the Copernicus mission monitoring system - a complex Earth satellite observation program launched in 1998 by a consortium of space agencies - we can now say that El Niño is returning, and it's likely to be a grand return because its disruptions could combine with the ongoing climate change. The fear, in particular, is that a very strong El Niño event in 2024 could make it the hottest year ever reco
How can we deal with El Niño?
El Niño is a natural phenomenon that we cannot prevent or control. However, we can try to monitor its development and prepare for its effects, both individually and collectively.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
6:41 Enso
9:10 El nino dramatic consqequences
13:50 How can we deal with El Niño?
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#insanecuriosity #elñiño #laniña
But have you ever wondered where our fixation with life on Mars comes from? It's been centuries since we last gave Mars a moment of peace. From the first time we noticed it hanging in the sky - closer than other worlds, brighter than other worlds, eerily redder than other worlds - we've alternately loved and feared it.
But why? There are so many other beautiful planets just in our solar system, not to mention the trillions of others we now know are out there. Why Mars in particular?
Among the worlds we know, Mars is not in any way exceptional. It's not the brightest, the closest, the smallest, or even the easiest to reach. It's not as mysterious as Venus; not as bizarrely colored as Jupiter, or ringed like Saturn. So why?
Well, the fact is, since the invention of the telescope, we've come to understand that the red planet has polar ice caps like Earth, experiences seasons like ours, has a day equal to ours, and its surface landscapes resemble our desert regions... All of this made it easy for us to tell ourselves that it was likely life had emerged there too.
Decades of fervent attention to every surface change led us into an obsession with the Canals, the Face, the pyramids, and the meteorite with microbes... stages of a Via Crucis made of great enthusiasms and deadly disappointments.
Today, we know no immense engineering scars are crossing the planet's reddish surface, nor have there ever been Martian civilizations capable of erecting pyramids and mysterious monuments... Yet the issue of the Canals and the Martian Face has kept several generations of Earthlings holding their breath.
And below, we'll try to explain why.
Since civilizations first looked up at the sky, humans have tracked Mars and charted its capricious path through the heavens. When the Sumerians followed this "wandering star" crossing the sky in the third millennium BCE, they noticed its eerie color and associated it with the evil deity Nergal, god of pestilence and war. Its movements and variable brightness foretold the death of kings and horses and the fate of harvests and battles.
The Greeks associated it with Ares, named after their god of war, which the Romans rebranded as Mars.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
2:00 Mars
7:50 optical integration
9:20 Cydonia - Mars Stone Face
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#insanecuriosity #alienmartianartifacts #artifacts
youtu.be/uivbBBGgSE0
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From rising sea levels to extreme weather events, climate change is reshaping our planet. But how do scientists predict these changes? Dive into the world of climate models, data analysis, and the science behind forecasting Earth's climatic shifts.
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#insanecuriosity #climatechange #predictingclimates
But it turns out there are even more mind-boggling and mysterious things floating around in space. Take, for instance, this asteroid called Arrokoth. It looks like a giant snowman! And let's not forget about the comet 67/P Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The scientists behind the Rosetta mission studied it, and boy, were they in for a surprise.
But the granddaddy of them all is this object called Oumuamua. Say that three times fast! Not only does its name sound like it's from another planet, but its very existence and shape are a complete mystery. Some think it's a piece of a destroyed planet. Others believe it's a piece of advanced alien technology sent our way on purpose. And the debate is now on fire.
In this video, I'll be your guide through the mysteries of Oumuamua, one of the greatest interstellar puzzle of our time.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com, Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
1:38 oumuamua identikit
4:00 oumuamua mysteries
6:28 Defying cometary physics
7:54 the explanation
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#insanecuriosity #oumuamua #alienspaceship
youtu.be/3-_f75NUoLY
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Dive into the intriguing theory that our vast universe might be a sophisticated computer simulation. From quantum quirks to digital deja vus, let's explore the evidence and ponder the implications!
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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#insanecuriosity #computersimulation #universe
Is this asteroid still on a collision course toward Earth? And if so, when will the day of impact occur?
Join us to find out!
NEOs
The Near Earth Objects, also called NEOs, are all those space objects, such as asteroids or comets, whose orbits around the sun place them too close to Earth. But what do we mean when we say "close"?
It all started on Jupiter
In July 1994, Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacted Jupiter, marking the first time in human history that scientists and astronomers could directly observe a space object's impact on a planet in real time.
Apophis the bringer of destruction
After the desperate race to find objects that could impact Earth began, many observatories worldwide joined the search.
Objects with collision courses against the Earth were found from time to time. Still, once the corresponding calculations were made, they were immediately discarded as they did not represent a threat to our planet.
The most dangerous asteroid of all
Since its discovery in 2004, Apophis has been observed by dozens of observatories and telescopes worldwide, and even space telescopes have given us more information about its trajectory.
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00:00 Intro
00:53 NEOs The Near Earth Objects
2:15 It all started on Jupiter
8:40 Apophis the bringer of destruction
The most dangerous asteroid of all
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#insanecuriosity #apophis #asteroidhitearth
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Ever pondered how ancient societies viewed the vast cosmos? Dive into the mesmerizing world of ancient stargazers, their beliefs, and their cosmic interpretations. How did the universe shape ancient cultures? Let's explore!
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2024 could be even hotter than this year because we might be on the brink of an ice age termination event. It all started over two and a half million years ago, and scientists are still trying to figure out how it works. Of course, the Milankovitch theory explains the cyclical changes in Earth's temperature, but there are still many open questions.
During an ice age, there are periods of cold when glaciers spread, and these are called glacial cycles. The opposite of this is the warm periods, called interglacial periods when the glaciers melt. Scientists used to think we were in one of these warm periods, but recent studies suggest something else is happening right now: temperatures are rising like crazy and glaciers are melting. And methane could be responsible for this. The last time something like this happened, Tundras turned tropical and strange animals like glyptodons, a sort of heavy armored armadillos, started populating the Earth. So, where are we exactly headed?
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What’s an Ice Age?
First of all, allow me to remind you what an ice age actually is.
Ice ages are periods when huge sheets of ice cover large areas of land. They can last for millions of years and drastically change the landscape. Throughout Earth's history, there have been several major glaciations. The most recent one occurred during the Pleistocene Epoch, which lasted from 2.6 million to 11,700 years ago. During this time, early humans like Hom0 erectus and early Hom0 sapiens had to adapt to the challenges of the ice ages and warmer interglacial periods.
Methane
Now, a new study suggests we might be living during one of these terminations. And scientists came to this conclusion by studying a very well-known gas: methane.
Methane is a well-studied molecule in the universe, and astronomers know it really well! Methane can even be found way up in the sky on some planets, like Mars.
Among other things, methane is also very important for life on Earth. You can find it in a bunch of places: sometimes, it is hiding deep underground, like a secret gas in the earth.
The Rising of Methane
Ice age terminations occur in three phases, each of which is recorded in ice cores dating back 800,000 years. The first phase begins with a gradual rise in methane and CO2 levels, resulting in global warming over a period of a few thousand years.
What will happen next?
The end of each ice age brought a big change to the Earth's surface. The air bubbles trapped in ice tell us that the amount of methane in the air increased a lot during these times. This caused the climate to warm up by a few degrees over a few thousand years. The main reason for this increase in methane was the growing wetlands in tropical areas.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
1:20 What is an Ice Age
1:40 Pleistocene Epoch
3:03 Glacials and Interglacials
5:20 Methane: A responsible?
7:20 The rising of Methane
9:30 What will happen next?
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#insanecuriosity #iceage #terminationevent
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At school, we are taught that all the planets in the solar system orbit the Sun in a plane as if they were on a vast and invisible cloth that supports them all, forming a considerable flat, but... Do the planets orbit around the Sun in the same plane? Why do they all orbit in the same direction? And could a planet orbit in the opposite direction to all the others?
We will answer all those questions in this video, so stay with us to find out!
The Ecliptic
When we see the planets from Earth, they are always within an " Ecliptic " zone; this is an imaginary line that the Sun and the planets follow in the sky.
When the first astronomers in history began to observe the movements of the planets, they realized that they always followed a well-defined path through the ecliptic and that no known planet was outside this region.
Do all the planets really orbit the sun in the same plane and in the same direction?
Empirical observation has convincingly shown that the planets of the Solar System follow a relatively common path around the Sun. Although there are minor variations in the inclinations and eccentricities of their orbits, generally speaking, all planets orbit in a nearly aligned plane and counterclockwise direction as seen from the Sun's north pole.
Why do the planets have these orbits?
The planetary system we call home originated from a giant cloud of gas and dust that began to collapse under its gravity about 4.6 billion years ago. As this cloud contracted, it began to spin faster due to the conservation of angular momentum. This rotational motion formed a flattened protoplanetary disk, with the Sun at the center and surrounding materials in orbit around it.
Do comets and asteroids also orbit in the same direction and the same plane as the planets?
While the uniformity of planetary orbits in the Solar System is well-established, the history of comets and asteroids presents a more complex plot regarding orbital alignment. Although, for the most part, they follow the general rules of planetary motion, these objects have also revealed an orbital diversity that enriches our understanding of the cosmos and the processes that have shaped our planetary system.
Could a planet orbit in a different direction from all the others?
The answer is yes; it could be that a planet had a retrograde orbit concerning the Sun, but for this to happen, two scenarios would have to occur.
Is there a planet with that feature?
The answer, again, is yes. That planet is called WASP-17b. This exoplanet, located about 1,000 light-years away in the constellation Scorpius, defies expectations by orbiting its star in the opposite direction to the direction the star rotates on its axis. Its retrograde trajectory
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
2:00 The Ecliptic
6:10 Why do the planets have the same orbit?
7:00 What means "Accretion"
9:20 Trojan asteroids
13:02 This planet has a different characteristics
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#insanecuriosity #planetorbit #orbit
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Ever wondered about the atmosphere cloaking the Red Planet? Dive into Mars' thin, carbon dioxide-rich shroud and learn what it tells us about the planet's past, present, and potential for future missions!
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#insanecuriosity #mars #atmosphere
The Finding Of Pluto
Before one can dive into the controversy of the declassification of Pluto, one must dive into the history of the planet that started it all. And believe it or not, the finding of Pluto was due to one of its "brethren", Uranus.
From is status in the solar system, to some of the unique things about it, and more! Join me as I show you Ceres facts and history: The mysterious dwarf planet!
What Is Ceres?
Dwarf planet Ceres is the largest object in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and the only dwarf planet located in the inner solar system. It was the first member of the asteroid belt to be discovered when Giuseppe Piazzi spotted it in 1801. And when Dawn arrived in 2015, it became the first dwarf planet to receive a visit from a spacecraft.
From its fast-spinning rotation, to the fact that it looks like a football, and more! Join me as I detail for you Haumea Facts and history: The fast spinning dwarf planet!
What Is Haumea?
Despite our solar system being one that is very much in depth in terms of public knowledge about what's out there, there are a few things that don't exactly make the headlines, and Haumea is one of them. Why is that? Because it's a dwarf planet.
From its interesting name, to its composition, discovery, and more! Join me as we explore MakeMake: Facts and History!
What Is MakeMake?
Given the rather odd name for the object, you'd be forgiven for not knowing exactly what this entity is on its title alone. It's a Dwarf Planet, and possibly one of the biggest in our solar system.
From its distance from the sun, to how it helped change the definition of a planet, and more! Join me as I show you Eris: Facts and History!
What Is Eris?
Depending on your familiarity with our solar system, you may or may not know about Eris, and for good reason based on its location and how it relates to other planets and celestial objects in the system.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
00:05 Pluto facts and history
14:10 Ceres facts and history
27:50 Haumea facts and history
43:10 Makemake facts and history
57:10 Eris facts and history
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#insanecuriosity #dwarfplanets #dwarfplanet
The polar vortex, as we will see, is a structure present on other planets as well. In the past, it has played a fundamental role in shaping Earth's climatic history, particularly in the last 2.5 million years, characterized by a sequence of recurring glacial periods and shorter interglacial periods.
Today, thanks to the whims of the polar vortex, we have the fortune (or misfortune) of occasionally experiencing what the average climate conditions were like during the last glacial maximum. We can temporarily return to the conditions that prevailed on Earth 20,000 years ago.
But there's a danger lurking – the possibility that over time (some suggest within a couple of decades at most), the polar vortex might collapse definitively, leading us not to just occasional adventurous cold weeks, but to a permanent ice age!
Probable or only possible?
Let's try to make sense of it all!
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
1:42 Experiencing the Polar Vortex
3:45 What is the Polar Vortex?
6:12 Observing it from Space
6:36 Rossby waves
6:46 what are Jet Streams
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#iceage #polarvortex #jetstream
Although it sounds hard to believe, the ice giant Neptune has only been visited by a single spacecraft in all of human history, and that spacecraft was the Voyager 2 probe, which passed close to Neptune's orbit in 1989.
The Voyager 2 probe was part of the Voyager mission, which consisted of two space exploration probes, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, whose main objective was to study the outer planets, about which, until then, very little was known.
The only way to travel without fuel
Gravity assist is a space maneuver in which a ship uses a planet's gravity to change its speed and direction. Used in missions such as Voyager, it saves fuel and accelerates spaceships to speeds that they would never reach with conventional fuel to reach their objectives in less time.
Voyager 2 Voyage
Voyager 2 was launched in 1977 and undertook an epic journey through the outer solar system. It used gravity assistance from Jupiter and Saturn during its journey to head towards more distant planets. In August 1989, after more than a decade of journey, Voyager 2 approached Neptune, becoming the first and only spacecraft to explore this planet up close.
Orbital Velocity
To better explain this, imagine a car race; in car races, all the cars go at extremely high speeds, and although each car moves at a different speed, they all go so fast that if one of the drivers were to brake suddenly, At the moment of pressing the brake pedal, it would not stay in the place where it braked, but would advance several tens of meters until it braked completely.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
00:46 Have we only gone once?
1:52 he only way to travel without fuel
3:48 Voyager 2 Voyage
5:34 Orbital Velocity
7:40 Braking is not so easy in space
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#insanecuriosity #neptune #journeytoneptune
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Is it an alien spacecraft or a natural object? Oumuamua, the first interstellar object detected passing through our solar system, has sparked many theories and debates. Dive deep into the latest findings that may have finally solved the mystery of this cosmic wanderer!
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#insanecuriosity #aliencraft #oumuamua
Intro
Have you ever noticed how some things that seem simple are actually quite perplexing? Take, for example, the common warning to never pour water on a grease fire. It's a fact that most of us have learned through trial and error, but it's not exactly the most intuitive response. In the heat of the moment, when panic sets in, our instincts tell us to douse the flames with water. But little do we know, that's exactly what we shouldn't do!
Science is riddled with counterintuitive concepts that make us question our understanding of the world. Consider Einstein's twin paradox, where one twin travels through space at high speed, only to return and find that the twin who stayed on Earth has aged more. How can this be? It defies logic, yet with a touch of mathematical genius, it turns out to be true. The laws of the universe sometimes play tricks on our minds, challenging our preconceived notions.
And let's not forget the unpredictable dynamics of human relationships. Have you ever tried doing something cute for your partner while they are fuming with anger? Surprisingly, rather than melting their icy demeanor, it often exacerbates their anger.
In this video, I invite you on a journey through the perplexing Monty Hall paradox.
Michael Jordan Can’t Sleep
Picture yourself in a fancy-schmancy five-star hotel. You're all cozied up in bed, ready for some sweet dreams. Just as you start to drift off, you hear the sound of thundering footsteps coming from the hallway. You peer through the peephole, only to see a colossal shadow making its way toward your room. Who could it be, you wonder?
No wonder this question kept MJ awake at night.
This problem is a brain teaser, in the form of a probability puzzle, loosely based on the American television game show Let's Make a Deal and named after its original host, Monty Hall. Why don't you take a second to answer the question? What would you do? Would you switch the door?
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Intuitive Explanation
Most people come to the conclusion that switching does not matter because there are two unopened doors and one car and that it is a 50/50 choice. This would be true if the host opens a door randomly, but that is not the case, because the host’s choice in turn depends on the choice we make initially.
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A More Formal Explanation
The best way to truly believe that the solution to the Monty Hall problem is true is to try the simulation for yourself. But if you want to understand why it works mathematically, let's break it down.
Imagine there are 3 doors. Since the cards are three and you can only pick one, your original choice has a 1/3 chance of winning, while the other two doors combined have a 2/3 chance because the total probability of the system must add up to one.
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A valuable lesson
This paradox holds valuable lessons for us on two fronts. Firstly, it prompts us to reflect upon the notion that knowledge empowers us to make better decisions. This principle extends beyond basic applications and can also be observed when we calculate probabilities. The more we understand about a given topic, the more accurately we can predict outcomes and make informed choices.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
1:41 Michael Jordan Can’t Sleep
4:00 Intuitive Explanation
5:34 A More Formal Explanation
7:25 A valuable lesson
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#insanecuriosity #montyhallparadox #doorsparadox
Let's find out!
Photographs taken from space can be disconcerting for many who expect to see the starry space that we fall in love with on Earth. Let's analyze the five most important factors contributing to missing stars in space photographs and the technological implications that this involves.
1. Intense sunlight: The main factor that prevents the stars from being seen in space photographs is intense sunlight. When the camera is set to capture the details of the foreground object, sunlight entering the camera can saturate the sensor and make the image appear too bright. This means that the fainter stars are not visible
2. Shutter Speed: Shutter speed is also an essential factor that affects your camera's ability to capture the stars. In most space photography, a fast shutter speed is used to prevent the image's blurring due to the spacecraft's movement.
3. ISO: The ISO is the camera sensor's sensitivity to light. The camera should be set to a low ISO sensitivity when taking pictures from space to capture starlight effectively.
4. Focal Length: Focal length is also essential to consider when taking space photos. Most cameras used in space have wide-angle lenses to capture a comprehensive view of space. However, this means that the stars appear smaller in the image. A longer focal length is required to get a more detailed image of the stars.
5. Image processing: Another critical factor affecting space photos' ability to show stars is image processing. Images captured by space cameras are typically processed to increase the contrast and clarity of foreground objects
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
00:50 1. Intense sunlight:
1:29 2. Shutter Speed:
2:03 3.ISO
2:30 4.Focal lenght
2:50 5. Image processing:
4:30 Technological implications
5:16 images of Apollo Missions
8:20 never been a priority
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#insanecuriosity #starsinspace #sky
Then why does the moon revolve around the Earth instead of the Sun, if the Sun has the capability to take it away from us? Is that even true?
If the Moon is orbiting the Earth while the Earth is orbiting the Sun, one might say that the Moon is also orbiting the Sun, right?
In this video, we will explore the gravity behind this phenomenon, the theory of moon formation, and the other asteroids that inhabit Earth’s vicinity! Get ready to delve deep into space and understand the secrets of the Universe!
The easy answer to our question is that the Sun is too far away to steal the Moon from us.
Earth's gravity causes the moon to orbit it.
Formation of the Moon
But first, it’s in our interest to understand how the Moon formed to understand why it orbits our planet!
The Skydiver Effect
It is not accurate to suggest that moons like that of Earth and other planets made a conscious decision to not orbit the Sun. This idea implies that billions of years ago, the moons had an option of two possibilities, which is not the case
Gravity “Wells”
Gravity is a significant force that has an effect on everything in space. Every object in space attracts all other objects, meaning that the trajectory of anything orbiting or passing through space is determined by gravity.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
1:56 Formation of the moon - Theia
3:50 the skydiver effect
5:24Gravity “Wells”
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#insanecuriosity #moon #sun
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Some people take ten seconds to fall in love. Some others might take a bit longer. A week, for instance. Just like it happened with your ex.
It takes a bit less than one month for the moon to complete a revolution around the Earth, and a lot more to finally deliver your baby. Time is the doom of every living and non-living thing in the cosmos. Of course, some of them persist for long timescales. For instance, trees are living up to 5000 years, and did you know that it takes the Sun something like 230 million years to revolve around the center of the Milky Way? And, as with all things, even human life will end one day.
A creepy question arises: what will the Earth be like in the next million years?
Follow me in this video, as we unveil the future of our fragile planet. You will find out what a pity it is for the human lifetime to be so short.
The New Pole Star, Polaris (2000 years)
Ross 248 the closest star to us ( 36.000 years)
I'm sure you know the closest star to Earth (after the Sun, of course) is Proxima Centauri. And it has been so for a really long time! Would you shed a tear if I told you that this will change in about 36 thousand years? --
Rivers, Lakes, and Waterfalls ( 50.000 years)
The Earth's rivers, lakes, and water complex will undergo significant changes in the distant future. Over a period of 50 thousand years or more, many landscapes will be transformed. Some lakes will completely evaporate, and rivers will alter their paths due to erosion.
New Supernovae and New Constellations ( 100.000 years)
Let’s make a step further into the future: what can we expect to change in 1 hundred thousand years from now? Everything gets really exciting here!
Cupid and Belinda Collision ( 100.000 years)
Uranus, the wonderful planet that really stands out in our solar system, has not one, not two, but a whopping 27 moons! Talk about being popular! Five of these moons are quite big, while the rest are tiny little things. It's like having a bunch of rowdy puppies running around in space!
Vega, the New Brightest Star ( 100.000 years)
We said the Sun is moving in the galaxy, and with him, all planets, even the Earth. This will have strong consequences on the brightness of stars in the long term.
The End of Human Culture and Life? ( 500.000 years)
Have you ever wondered what the world will look like in half a million years? Well, let me paint you a picture.
Geography and Auroras ( 1 million years)
The mark left by an asteroid is usually a big hole in the ground called a crater. One of the most famous craters on Earth is the Meteor crater in Arizona. It's really big, about 1,200 meters wide and 170 meters deep
Human and AI Evolution ( 1 million years)
According to some scientists, humans in one million years will likely have merged with artificial intelligence and machines, resulting in a new hybrid species that blurs the line between biological and synthetic beings
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
1:15 The new pole star, Polaris
5:10 Ross 248 the closest star to us ( 36.000 years)
6:48 Rivers, lakes and waterfalls ( in 50.000 years)
8:36 New supernovae and new constellations ( in 100.000 years)
10:18 The beauty of the cosmos
11:50 cupid and belinda collision ( 100.000 years) ++ scheda uranus moons
13:30 Vega the brightest star ( 100.000 years)
14:20 the end of human culture and life? (500.000 years)
17.06 goegraphy and auroras (1 million years)
18:47 human and a.i. evolution
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#insanecuriosity #earthinthefuture #futureofearth
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How Long Would it Take Us to Get to Pluto?
Once upon a time, in 1930, there was a little 11-year-old girl called Venetia. One morning, as she was eating breakfast with her grandfather, it struck her to suggest calling the newly discovered planet Pluto. And that’s exactly what happened!
Pluto is a really cool place in outer space! It's much smaller than Earth's Moon, and it has a nice heart-shaped glacier that's the size of Texas and Oklahoma combined. It’s an icy dwarf planet that is very, very far away from us. It's so cold that nothing can live on it. It's about half the size of the United States and it's so far away from the Sun that it takes over 30 years for it to go around the Sun once!
Pluto has blue skies, and it has spinning moons that look like they're dancing in the sky. There are also really tall mountains like the ones here on Earth, and when it snows, the snow is red!
Have you ever wondered how long it would take us to get to Pluto? The answer lies within the vastness of space and the technology we have available to us.
How long would it take us to go to Proxima Centauri?
That of one day reaching out and touching the stars is a relatively recent desire of our species...We can perhaps date its appearance to 1838, the year, that is, when the German astronomer Friedrich Bessel first succeeded in determining the distance to a star and clarifying the extent of the problem we faced.
A dream, we said,,,,, but with recent advances in technological development it seems that dream is slowly becoming a reality...hand in hand with our growing awareness of the limited resources and environmental problems we face here on Earth.
Indeed, stars are far, far too far away... But, there you go... If there were an exoplanet with some Earth-like qualities within a radius of a few light-years (not a hundred or a thousand, as is the norm) then yes, this could work!
It would do a bit like the Moon, which served as a first step, a spur to get us to the other planets... We could start seeing interstellar space as a sea sprinkled with islands, rather than as the current unreachable void.
What a pity!
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
00:02 How Long Would It Take Us To Get To Pluto?
12:12 How Long Would It Take Us To Get To Proxima Centauri?
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#insanecuriosity #pluto #journeytoproximacentauri
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Ever wonder how we send messages across the cosmos? Dive into the world of interstellar communication as we explore how scientists communicate with space probes millions of miles away. Uncover the tech and techniques that make it possible!
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#insanecuriosity #voyager #spaceprobe
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A few days ago, India taught us a valuable lesson, which is that what seemed impossible for others, could be possible for us!
For ages, the moon has always captivated our imaginations. But it wasn't until recently that we actually set foot on it. First, we sent robots, and then we sent people. The Soviet Union was the first to deliberately crash a spacecraft into the moon in 1959, and the U.S. did the same thing in 1962. Other countries have also intentionally crashed their spacecrafts on the moon, like Japan, the European Space Agency, India, and China. But now, space agencies have figured out how to do soft landings. After their initial crash landings, several countries have successfully used braking rockets to softly land on the lunar surface and conduct scientific experiments. The Soviet Union was the first to do this in 1966, followed by the U.S., and China.
Just last week, the Russian Luna 25 and the Indian Chandrayaan-3 missions attempted soft landings at the moon's south pole, a region of interest because of the occurrence of water ice in permanently shadowed areas around it.
Unfortunately, Russia's mission failed, but India became the fourth nation to succeed in a soft landing on the moon.
Mission
According to the Indian space agency, India has successfully landed on the Moon with Chandrayaan-3's rover descending from the lander. Similar to the United States, the former Soviet Union, and China, India has now achieved a soft landing on the Moon.
Objectives
So why that particular landing location?
First up, we have the famous water ice – very far from the kind you would need for your typical lemonade, however the type that might quench the thirst of destiny lunar missions. India's wondering long term – sipping lunar lemonade, so are y’all people in?
Spacecraft
The spacecraft is equipped with three important parts: The propulsion module, the lander and the rover. Let’s go through them one by one.
Russia’s Failed Luna 25 Mission
Landing on the south pole of the moon is much harder and less trivial than it seems. We often hear people saying “If people have landed on the moon before, then why don’t they just do it again?
The Three Other Flags!
India is not alone up there! It has joined a community of successful landers! Who are these elite members?
Outro
India's successful landing on the Moon with Chandrayaan-3's rover marks a significant achievement for the country's space agency. Joining the ranks of the United States, the former Soviet Union, and China, India has now accomplished a soft landing on the lunar surface.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
1:50 India Moon Mission
3:18 objectives
5:50 spacecraft
9:55 Russia's failed Luna 25 mission
12:23 the 3 other flags
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#insanecuriosity #indiamoonmission #indiamoonlanding
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"Glaciers are retreating, Greenland is blooming with flowers, Arctic ice is disappearing, sea levels are rising... Stop global warming or the Earth will die!"
This, more or less, is the relentless message we've been bombarded with daily for years. Everyone says it, so why shouldn't we believe it?
Only a few persist in claiming that the anthropogenic origin of global warming is merely an unproven conjecture, deduced solely from complex computer programs known as General Circulation Models. On the contrary, scientific literature has increasingly highlighted the presence of natural climate variability that these models fail to reproduce.
This natural variability explains a significant portion of the global warming observed since 1850. The anthropogenic responsibility for the observed climate change in the last century is therefore unjustifiably exaggerated, and the catastrophic predictions are unrealistic.
The climate is the most complex system on our planet, requiring appropriate and coherent approaches commensurate with its level of complexity. According to the minority of "climate change skeptics," climate simulation models do not reproduce the observed natural climate variability, particularly failing to reconstruct the warm periods of the last 10,000 years. These periods recurred roughly every thousand years and include the well-known Medieval Warm Period, the Roman Warm Period, and generally extended warm periods during the Holocene Optimum. These past periods were even warmer than the present, despite lower CO2 concentrations than today, and are linked to millennial cycles of solar activity.
Whom should we listen to? Shall we discuss it?
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--
Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
4:30 MIlankovitch cycles
5:30 Tilt in Earth's Variation and the Precession of the Equinoxes
7:06 Interglacial Periods
10:13 Otzi the Iceman
12:55 Solar event - the grand minimum
14:50 the Sun
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#insanecuriosity #iceage #newiceage
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Ever wondered what's inside a neutron star? Prepare to dive deep into the core of one of the universe's most intriguing objects. Discover the incredible density, composition, and phenomena that lie within a neutron star.
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#insanecuriosity #neutronstar #stars
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Ok, we are about to embark on a complete tour of our solar system, but before we set off, I have a question for you... How do you want to travel?
I ask because if we were to simulate a real-time journey aboard a spacecraft... well, I'm afraid it would take us more than 50 years to chase all eight planets as they orbit, with the risk of reaching Pluto when we're already in our eighties... or worse!
So, let's settle for using our trusty and incredibly fast steed of imagination and begin our exploration from the center of it all, the Sun!
Mercury is the first planet we encounter after leaving the Sun.
Let's fly over it at a distance of 300 kilometers from the surface, and as we get closer, we have the impression of observing a fireball split in half... blazingly bright on the side facing the Sun and pitch-dark on the other.
So, let's keep our distance... and instead, let's try heading towards Venus: the planet of love, beauty, and so on. Will we have better luck?
We're sorry to disappoint you even before we arrive... It's true that Venus, being the brightest planet in Earth's sky, has been associated with beauty since ancient times. It's also true that in terms of mass and size, it can be considered a twin of Earth.
By chance! Our Earth owes all its fortune - unique among all the planets - to the fact that it has trillions of cubic meters of water freely flowing on its surface. And this is due to its orbiting at just the right distance from the Sun, right in the heart of that famous habitable zone that guarantees the existence of water in the form of ice, vapor, and liquid.
The Moon is the only natural satellite of our planet. And it is more than enough!
In fact, it is quite large compared to its parent planet, with a diameter of 3,450 km... over a quarter the diameter of Earth.
It's Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun, the ultimate alien world, the scientific dream of generations of astronomers and enthusiasts alike: an icon forever ingrained in everyone's imagination. It is the second smallest planet in the solar system, with a diameter just over half that of Earth and barely double that of the Moon.
The distance from the Sun is quite variable, as the planet moves along a rather eccentric orbit, but the average is 228 million kilometers, equivalent to 12.7 light minutes.
So off we go, embarking on a rather long and challenging journey to reach Jupiter!
Long, because there is a distance of 550 million kilometers between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, which almost doubles when considering that it's difficult to travel in a straight line in a gravitational field like that of the solar system. And challenging, because we'll have to cross the asteroid belt.
We're talking about Saturn, of course!
This leg of the journey from Jupiter to Saturn will be the longest so far, but there will be even longer ones later on... So let's go! But first, some information about the planet we're about to reach...
Our next destination is Uranus, a gas giant that orbits 1.5 billion kilometers further...
Uranus is perhaps the strangest planet in the solar system.
Neptune orbits the Sun at an average distance of 4.5 billion kilometers (equivalent to 278 light minutes) and takes 164 years to complete one orbit. It is slightly smaller than Uranus, measuring 49,500 kilometers in diameter, but it is more massive than Uranus.
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--
Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
--
00:00 Intro
6:25 Reaching Mercury
9:12 ReachingVenus
12:28 Reaching Earth
14:08 ReachingMoon
15:40 Reaching Mars
19:03 Reaching Jupiter
23:10 Reaching Saturn
29:24 Reaching Uranus
33:20 Reaching Neptune
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#insanecuriosity #solarsystemexploration #fromsunton
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Witness the awe-inspiring journey of a neutron star, from its violent birth in a supernova explosion to its mysterious existence as one of the universe's densest objects. Delve into the fascinating phases and phenomena of a neutron star's life cycle.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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#insanecuriosity #neutronstars #stars
youtu.be/wtpiwWZdCA8
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Venture into the vastness of space as we trace the origins of 'Oumuamua, our solar system's first identified interstellar visitor. Is it a comet, an asteroid, or something entirely different? Let's unravel the mysteries of this cosmic traveler together!
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DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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#insanecuriosity #oumuamua #comets
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The earth will end sooner than you think this is ,The Catastrophic Death of the Earth
Think about that delicious muffin you made the other day, or the coffee you’ve been craving for so long: now you’re having the last sip of it. The love you always thought it would be forever, it suddenly came to an end. And last but not least, you went through the weekend but got hit by another Monday morning.
Just like all things, also the Earth will eventually end.
But how and when is this going to happen? Will we be able to experience it? Or will we be long gone?
Follow me in this video to find out more about it. Don’t be scared: all good things eventually come to an end.
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DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
3:38 red giant phase
4:38 migration of planets + scheda
5:20 the cool white dwarf
6:50 No more nutella
7:10 say goodbye to other planets
8:04 the planet is lava!
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#insanecuriosity #endoftheworld #endofearth
youtu.be/xTbuzBctxsQ
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Join us on a journey through the red planet's most recent revelations! From ancient water channels to startling signs of past life, dive into the latest discoveries that are reshaping everything we know about Mars.
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DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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#insanecuriosity #mars #gasgiant
youtu.be/uZlw9XnHrD8
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Ever noticed Uranus behaving a bit... differently? Let's dive deep into why this icy giant spins on its side! From colossal cosmic collisions to its enigmatic evolution, discover the secrets behind Uranus' unique tilt.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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#insanecuriosity #uranus #tiltedplanet
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Do you remember this sentence? "On August 4th, 1997, computers became self-aware, and 25 days later, they began their mission to exterminate the human race."
Well, if you're not living in a post-apocalyptic bunker today, it's only because science fiction doesn't always get its predictions right, especially when it comes to artificial intelligence. Luckily, no Skynet is ruling the world today (although there is a facial recognition program called that in China). And it's highly unlikely that Siri and Alexa will become sentient and start asking us to answer all their questions.
The more or less casual use of artificial intelligence, often abbreviated as AI, is a constant in every science fiction movie featuring a spaceship, control center, or some robots... starting with the most famous intelligence of all, HAL 9000, who refuses to let astronaut David Bowman back on board because he knows he intends to deactivate him... Representing one of humanity's greatest fears about the progress of technology: can a machine become sentient and decide for itself what is right and what is wrong?
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DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
2:37 1968 vs Today chat gpt 4
5:33 Cimon 2 assistant
10:00 the help of A.I. in space
11;38 How to orient yourself in space?
14:00 Time dilation
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#insanecuriosity #artificialintelligence #futureofspace
youtu.be/uivbBBGgSE0
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Ever wondered why we have seasons? Dive into Earth's mesmerizing dance around the sun! Unravel the rhythmic cycle of spring blooms to winter chills. Nature's calendar, decoded.
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DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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#insanecuriosity #iceage #seasonscycle
youtu.be/uZlw9XnHrD8
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Flashback to 1781: a tiny dot changes our cosmic perspective! Delve into the incredible tale of Uranus's discovery and the curious events that led to its naming. A chapter from the vast book of space exploration.
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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#insanecuriosity #uranus #solarsystemdiscovery
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How long would it take us to go to Jupiter?
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. And no one seems to be talking much about the gas giant. So we thought to take matters into our own hands and talk about how long it would take for us to go to Jupiter. Well the answer to that question depends upon a number of factors like distance, path, speed and who is going to Jupiter. So let’s discuss these in great detail one by one in this video and understand how long it will take to reach the biggest planet in our solar system.
Jupiter is one of the most important planets in our solar system. With giant anti-cyclonic storms and a magnetosphere so powerful that it defies comprehension, Jupiter is an intriguing planet. Many people would prefer to go to Saturn obviously because of its beautiful rings, but Jupiter too won’t disappoint you. There are many reasons to go to Jupiter like its icy moons, which we will discuss later in the video. But if you were to escape Earth for some reason a cost-benefit observation would show that Jupiter is a more viable option.
How long would it take to go to Saturn?
Ever since Galileo pointed his telescope toward Saturn in 1610, it became an intriguing planet to explore. Over the years scientists have understood a great deal about our solar system and the universe. Despite this we are limited by our current technology in many ways. But these limitations will soon be overcome by humanity. One such limitation is interstellar travel. Even though we have sent many spacecraft to various places in our solar system and some even outside the solar system, sending humans is a whole another task. So let’s say we decided to explore this beautiful planet sometime in the future, how long will the journey take?
Saturn is one of the most beautiful planets in our solar system. Its rings are one of the most differentiating features. It is often seen as a hazy yellow planet in the night sky, and feels so close when we observe it with binoculars or a telescope.
In order to go to Saturn we first need to understand how far away Saturn really is? Would it take a long haul trip for us to get to the Ringed planet?
How long would it take us to go to Uranus?
Above us, hidden in darkness, the blue giants Uranus and Neptune are claiming our attention.
Much larger than Earth, than Mars, than Venus -- yet so distant as to be invisible to the naked eye.
We encountered them only once, when Voyager 2 flew over them in 1986 and 1989, then passed on until they were lost in interstellar space.
Numerous other probes since then have since visited all the other planets in our System. But the blue giants have not. They have been kept on the sidelines, even though we have long known that in them lies the key to understanding how our Solar System, and especially the solar systems of other stars, came into being.
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DISCUSSIONS & SOCIAL MEDIA
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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00:00 Intro
00:03 How long would it take us to go to Jupiter?
10:38 How long would it take us to go to Saturn?
21:25 How long would it take us to go to Uranus?
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#insanecuriosity #spacetrip #solarsystemjourney
youtu.be/uivbBBGgSE0
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Ever imagined a world cloaked in endless winter? Dive into chilling scenarios of Earth gripped by a winter apocalypse! Discover what triggers these icy eras and how they've shaped our planet's history. Brace yourself, it's a frosty journey ahead!
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Credits: Ron Miller, Mark A. Garlick / MarkGarlick.com ,Elon Musk/SpaceX/ Flickr
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#insanecuriosity #winter #winterapocalypse


