New Nature
What’s Hidden Under Antarctica Will Cause Global Tension (No AI)
updated
Whale Fall footage courtesy of Ocean Exploration Trust / NOAA @EVNautilus
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Welcome to the deepest point on Earth, nearly 11,000 meters down. No sunlight. Crushing pressure. It’s more alien than the surface of Mars. And we know almost nothing about it. But now, one country is racing to explore these depths, and not just for science.
China is deploying fleets of deep-sea robots, building underwater bases, and quietly moving to claim what lies at the bottom, before anyone else can. As the U.S. guts its ocean research programs, China is diving deeper, moving faster, and investing more aggressively than any nation in history.
So what exactly is down there? And why is China so determined to get it first? Watch the video to find out.
Chapters:
00:00 Intro
01:17 Photic Zone
02:20 Twilight Zone: Fading Light Below
03:29 Midnight Zone: Total Darkness
05:07 Abyssal Zone: Deceiving Mud
05:50 Marine Snow
07:05 Whale Fall
08:41 Hadal Zone: Into the Mariana Trench
11:02 Challenger Deep: Earth’s Deepest Point
13:35 China’s Deep Sea Drones
15:35 Cold Seeps & Fire Ice: Hidden Ocean Energy
17:39 Mining the Abyss: Riches vs. Ruin
20:36 China’s Underwater Base
22:04 Seafloor Cables: The New Invisible War
24:16 The Deep Sea Talent Race
25:48 What China Discovered
I highly recommend checking out these featured channels and subscribe for more deep sea science and exploration:
@EVNautilus
@oceanexplorergov
@usnoaagov
@caladanoceanic3432
@MITMechE
@BetterAncestors
Credits:
Voice: Mike Reid mikereidvo.com
Footage research and clearing: Riley Zang
3D Animation: Alex Bernal
In this video you'll learn:
01:17 How deep is the Mariana Trench?
10:32 What lives at the bottom of the ocean?
11:06 What is Challenger Deep?
13:35 How does China explore the deep sea?
16:40 What is fire ice (methane hydrate)?
17:43 What are polymetallic nodules?
18:10 How does deep sea mining work?
20:48 What is China’s underwater base?
22:04 Can undersea cables be cut?
24:16 Who’s winning the ocean tech race?
#china #usa #science
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For over four billion years, the Sun has powered life on Earth. But it won’t shine forever. One day, it will leave the main sequence, swell into a red giant, and make our planet uninhabitable.
In this cinematic science documentary we explore the full timeline of the Sun, from stellar birth to extinction, and what that means for the future of life on Earth.
Scientists now understand how our star will die — and they’ve mapped the chain of events that will reshape the solar system. From nuclear fusion at the Sun’s core, to the physics of heliophysics, solar storms, and Earth’s eventual fate, this documentary tells the story of a star… and what happens to everything that depends on it.
What happens when the Sun runs out of fuel? How does the Sun’s energy sustain life and how will it end it? When will Earth become uninhabitable? And how do these scientific predictions align with what’s written in ancient texts like the Bible and the Quran? Is Elon Musk right that humans need to become a multi-planetary species?
Narrated by Michael (a real human), and in 4K, this astronomy documentary blends cinematic visuals with real science — exploring stellar evolution, the death of main sequence stars, and the deep cosmic timeline we’re already living in.
This is the science of how our world ends — and when.
If you enjoy documentaries with Neil deGrasse Tyson, Brian Cox, or David Attenborough or shows like Netflix Cosmos, BBC Horizon, and PBS Space Time — you’ll hopefully enjoy this one too.
See more of our amazing Sun and follow Simon Tang (the Stupid Astronomer) on Instagram:
instagram.com/simon2940
Check out Undo Carbon to learn more about silicate weathering: youtube.com/@undo-carbon
Also check out Jason Stambo's short "Sun vs Earth". youtube.com/watch?v=IcFebDIRfrk
Chapters:
02:05 Birth of the Sun
03:53 Layers of the Sun
07:07 Corona (Sun's Atmosphere)
10:07 Chromosphere
11:00 Photosphere (Sun's Surface)
11:57 Convection
13:04 Sunspots
14:25 Star Types
15:51 Supernovae
17:58 Solar Wind and CME's
19:19 The Carrington Event
22:24 Increased Brightness
23:53 Red Giant Sun
25:00 Silicate Weathering
27:26 The End of Humanity
28:46 The Creator
In this video you’ll learn:
-How the Sun formed from a collapsing gas cloud
-What keeps it burning and how it creates energy
-The structure of the Sun, from the corona to the photosphere
-How solar activity impacts Earth today
-What will happen when the Sun runs out of fuel
-How Earth will change as the Sun evolves
-The future of our solar system billions of years from now
Support me on Patreon: patreon.com/NewNature
Subscribe to New Nature for more cinematic science documentaries about the universe, life, and our place in it. bit.ly/newnaturechannel
#sun #solarflare #4k #redgiant #documentary
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What's beneath the Moon's surface, waiting to be uncovered? Could the strange, newly discovered holes on the Moon be more than just natural formations? Why has China, with its ambitious space program, set its sights on exploring these eerie pits? Are these ancient tunnels merely remnants of volcanic activity, or do they hold something vital for the future of lunar exploration? And could these dark voids be the key to establishing a permanent human presence on the Moon?
3D animations by Alex Bernal.
Drone footage of the Son Doong Cave at the 20.30 minute mark courtesy of oxalisadventure.com
02:22 Strange Moon Holes
03:56 Earth’s Lava Tubes
04:28 Moon Lava Tubes
07:13 Sponsor Break
08:39 Why China Cares About the Holes
09:53 Can Lunar Caves Protect Us?
11:52 Building Moon Habitats
14:00 Exploring the Moon’s Tubes
14:24 DuAxel Rover
14:55 Daedalus Mapper
15:28 Spacehopper Bot
16:42 China’s Lava Tube Plans
17:15 What’s Inside the Tubes?
18:15 A New Race to the Moon?
19:20 China’s Lunar Strategy
20:12 Caves as Moon Shelters
21:40 The Moon as a Launchpad
22:48 China’s Deep Earth Drilling
References:
Kaku, T., et al. "Detection of Intact Lava Tubes at Marius Hills on the Moon by SELENE (Kaguya) Lunar Radar Sounder." 2017. agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/2017GL074998
--
Carrer, Leonardo, et al. "Radar evidence of an accessible cave conduit on the Moon below the Mare Tranquillitatis pit." 2024. nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02302-y
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Wagner, R. V., et al. "Lunar Pit Morphology: Implications for Exploration." 2022. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2022JE007328
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Qiu, X. and Ding, C. "Radar Observation of the Lava Tubes on the Moon and Mars." 2023. mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/11/2850
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Blair, David M., et al. "The structural stability of lunar lava tubes." 2017. sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103516303566
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Wilcoski, Andrew, et al. "Thermal Environments and Volatile Stability Within Lunar Pits and Caves: Models and Observations From the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment." 2023. agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2023JE007758
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Horvath, Tyler, et al. "Thermal and Illumination Environments of Lunar Pits and Caves: Models and Observations From the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment." 2022. agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022GL099710
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Tong, Yuqi, et al. "月球熔岩管探测与开发方案设计." 2024. https://jdse.bit.edu.cn/sktcxb/article/doi/10.15982/j.issn.2096-9287.2024.20230146
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Go deeper:
"China Is Taking a Keen Interest in Lava Tubes as Possible Lunar Habitats"
spacenews.com/china-is-taking-a-keen-interest-in-lava-tubes-as-possible-lunar-habitats
--
"Deep Pit on Moon May Be Entrance to Cave That Could Act as Lunar Base"
newscientist.com/article/2439470-deep-pit-on-moon-may-be-entrance-to-cave-that-could-act-as-lunar-base
--
"Lunar Lava Tube Could Shelter a Future Moon Base"
astronomy.com/space-exploration/lunar-lava-tube-could-shelter-a-future-moon-base
--
"Cave Living on the Moon"
smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/cave-living-moon-180961494
Music credits:
Ian Post - Night Rider
Kyle Preston - Gaia
Tiko Tiko - Overcome
Nick Keller - Cello Concerto no. 1
#space #china #mooncolonization
Thank you to Gylfi from @JustIcelandic for the great aerial shots over Grindavik, subscribe to his channel for the latest updates on the eruptions in Iceland and buy him a coffee if you like it!
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Dive deeper:
Krafla Magma Testbed: https://kmt.is
Iceland Deep Drilling Project: https://iddp.is
The Secret Lagoon: https://secretlagoon.is
British Airways Flight 009: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Airways_Flight_009
References:
J. Colp. "Final report - Magma Energy Research Project." (1982). doi.org/10.2172/6588943.
Pearce, Fred. “Iceland Drills Hottest Hole to Tap into Energy of Molten Magma.” New Scientist, October 21, 2016. newscientist.com/article/2109872-iceland-drills-hottest-hole-to-tap-into-energy-of-molten-magma/.
Nakada, S. (2013). Scientific Results of Volcano Drilling and Future Prospects. Journal of Geography, 122, 258-272 https://consensus.app/papers/results-volcano-drilling-future-prospects-nakada/4bf558fe605550bbbc674486be529088/
Friðleifsson, G. Ó., Elders, W., Zierenberg, R., Stefánsson, A., Fowler, A., Weisenberger, T., Harðarson, B. S., & Mesfin, K. (2017). The Iceland Deep Drilling Project 4.5 km deep well, IDDP-2, in the seawater-recharged Reykjanes geothermal field in SW Iceland has successfully reached its supercritical target. Scientific Drilling, 23, 1-12.
Stefánsson, V. (2013). The Iceland Deep Drilling Project: Challenges in High-Temperature Geothermal Drilling. Geothermics.
00:00 Intro: Drilling into Magma?
00:30 The Iceland Deep Drilling Project
01:01 Why Drill into a Volcano?
01:27 Welcome to Iceland
02:19 Why Iceland is So Geothermal
03:30 How Iceland Was Formed
05:04 Why Choose Krafla Volcano
06:11 Accidentally Hitting Magma
07:04 How to Drill into Magma
07:33 Volcanoes and the Risk of Eruption
08:19 The Dangers of Ash Clouds
10:09 Back to Krafla: Is it Safe?
10:50 Geothermal Power in Iceland
11:59 What is Supercritical Geothermal Energy?
13:37 The Blue Lagoon and Energy Potential
15:03 The Future of Clean Power
16:00 Engineering Challenges Ahead
17:00 Why It Still Matters
18:26 Looking Ahead: China and the Next Big Drill
#sciencefacts
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China begins drilling one of world’s deepest holes in hunt for discoveries deep inside the Earth. What if China's quest could unveil secrets as transformative as the Moon landing? Drilling further down than Everest is tall, what might they discover in the Earth's ancient layers? Could this journey uncover a new chapter in our planet's story, or a treasure trove of geothermal energy to power future economic growth? In this video we probe the mysteries and ambitions driving China to pursue one of the deepest hole ever drilled, and consider what breakthroughs, or challenges, await at the edge of this uncharted subterranean frontier by looking at past drillings in various corners of the planet.
References:
--
Cheung, Rachel. "China Begins Drilling One of World’s Deepest Holes in Hunt for Discoveries Deep Inside the Earth." The Guardian. June 6, 2023. theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/06/china-begins-drilling-one-of-worlds-deepest-holes-in-hunt-for-discoveries-deep-inside-the-earth.
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Teagle, Damon, and Benoît Ildefonse. "Journey to the Mantle of the Earth." Nature 471, no. 7339 (2011): 437–439. doi.org/10.1038/471437a.
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Witze, Alexandra. "Quest to Drill into Earth’s Mantle Restarts." Nature 528, no. 16–17 (2015). doi.org/10.1038/528016a.
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Pechenga District, Image Archive of the Kola Superdeep Borehole." Accessed Dec 15th, 2023". http://superdeep.pechenga.ru/.
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Müller, R. Dietmar, et al. "A Tectonic-Rules-Based Mantle Reference Frame since 1 Billion Years Ago – Implications for Supercontinent Cycles and Plate–Mantle System Evolution." Solid Earth 13 (2022): 1127–1159. doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1127-2022.
Footage credits:
Ultra Deepwater Drillship Basic Walkthrough by youtube.com/@jhndeere
The Kola Superdeep Borehole today by youtube.com/@rosamenkman
Seismic waves simulation by youtube.com/@SeismologyOxford
Mantle convection simulation by youtube.com/@TimoHeister
Mantle structure by youtube.com/@earthbyte9249
Rocks under microscope by youtube.com/@cambridge University
Mantle Convection explained by youtube.com/@LMU.Muenchen
Plate tectonics simulations by youtube.com/@cscotese
Greenland’s ice sheet by youtube.com/@NASAGoddard
Animated maps by youtube.com/@esrimaps
China’s Drilling Projects by youtube.com/@ChinaViewTV
Drill bits animation and refurbishment by youtube.com/@UlterraDrillingTechnologies
Supercritical geothermal energy animations by youtube.com/@quaise
Additional 3D animations by Sabir Bikmaev.
This video is a collaborative creation, conceived, written, directed and crafted by human brains and further enhanced with the support of artificial intelligence tools.
#science
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What happens if you keep digging? What lies beneath the countless grains of sand on a beach or in a desert? Is it just more sand, or is there something more? What makes beach sand different from desert sand, and how do these tiny grains come to be? Beneath the Sahara Desert, could there be remnants of a time when it was not a desert at all? And what could a prehistoric mega lake tell us about the Earth's past? Join us as we dig deep into these questions, uncovering the surprising and complex world beneath the sand. From the formation of sand to the secrets of the Sahara, we'll explore how our planet's landscapes are not static, but constantly changing and evolving over time.
Reference:
"Remnants of an Ancient Lake." 2019. NASA Earth Observatory. Accessed July 14, 2023. earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146304/remnants-of-an-ancient-lake.
#sand
Help me make science accessible, enjoyable, and awe-inspiring for everyone: patreon.com/NewNature
The intriguing phenomenon of a runaway supermassive black hole offers a fascinating exploration into the mysteries of our universe. Known for their immense gravitational pull, black holes are typically associated with pulling matter in. However, in some instances, they can leave a trail of stars in their wake as they move through the galaxy.
The science behind this event involves the black hole interacting with the gas and dust in space, causing disturbances that lead to the formation of new stars. Recent research findings have shed light on these mysteries, and future research is planned to further explore these phenomena.
References:
“A Candidate Runaway Supermassive Black Hole Identified by Shocks and Star Formation in its Wake”
by P. V. van Dokkum et al. (2023)
dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acba86
“Supermassive Black Hole Wake or Bulgeless Edge-on Galaxy?”
by J. Almeida et al. (2023)
dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346430
Footage credits:
Zooming into Sagittarius A* by European Southern Observatory (ESO)
Self-gravitating gas cloud by Pavel Ševeček
Collision of accretion disks (N-body simulation) by Pavel Ševeček
CID-42: Simulation of Black Hole Ejection by Laura Blecha
Crash of the Titans: Milky Way & Andromeda Collision by Hubble Space Telescope
Journey of a Gravitational Wave by LIGO Lab Caltech : MIT
Four galaxies interacting and merging together (N-body simulation) by Pavel Ševeček
Simulation of the formation of the Milky Way galaxy by Francis Villatoro
Mosh Pit - in slow motion by crisfil marbibi
Computer simulation of star formation in MACS1149-JD1 by European Southern Observatory (ESO)
This video was made by real people that used artificial intelligence tools as part in their workflow.
#sciencenews #blackhole
Help me make science accessible, enjoyable, and awe-inspiring for everyone: patreon.com/NewNature
The gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A, also known as the Brightest of All Time (BOAT), represents the most powerful space explosion ever witnessed by humans. This cosmic event, caused by the death and subsequent collapse of a massive star into a black hole, challenges our understanding of black hole formation and the nature of the universe's brightest explosions. The explosion produced a structured jet surrounded by a wider outflow of gas, and its afterglow remained visible months later, suggesting a complex interaction between the collapsing star and the jet. This record-breaking event offers a unique opportunity to address fundamental questions about black hole formation, energy dynamics, and dark matter models.
References and further reading:
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/acc39c
science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi1405
academic.oup.com/mnrasl/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/mnrasl/slad075/7194247?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Footage credit: @DeutschesElektronenSynchrotron
#sciencenews
Help me make science accessible, enjoyable, and awe-inspiring for everyone: patreon.com/NewNature
Scientists Discovered the Biggest Seaweed Bloom in the World. Sargassum, a unique brown seaweed, forms massive floating islands in the ocean, creating a phenomenon known as the "Great Atlantic Sargassum Belt". This belt, growing annually since 2011, provides habitat for marine life but also causes problems when it washes ashore, impacting coastal ecosystems and tourism. Factors contributing to these blooms include nutrient input from West Africa and the Amazon River, primarily from agricultural fertilizers. Despite the challenges, Sargassum also presents opportunities, such as carbon sequestration and use as a natural resource in various industries. So, while Sargassum can be a nuisance, it also represents a unique opportunity.
Sources:
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/145281/scientists-discover-the-biggest-seaweed-bloom-in-the-world
earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/151188/a-massive-seaweed-bloom-in-the-atlantic
theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/07/great-atlantic-sargassum-belt-seaweed-visible-from-space
oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sargassosea.html
nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00238-3
#sciencenews


