Uploaded August 2025 | Updated September 2026, 3 weeks ago
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Sources:
1. Boehlke C, Zierau O, Hannig C. Salivary amylase – The enzyme of unspecialized euryphagous animals. Archives of Oral Biology. 2015;60(8):1162-1176. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.05.008
2. Brulé D, Sarwar G, Savoie L. Uricogenic potential of selected cooked foods in rats. J Am Coll Nutr. 1990;9(3):250-254. doi:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720376
3. Monjotin N, Amiot MJ, Fleurentin J, Morel JM, Raynal S. Clinical Evidence of the Benefits of Phytonutrients in Human Healthcare. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1712. doi:10.3390/nu14091712
4. Lykkesfeldt J, Carr AC. Vitamin C. Adv Nutr. 2023;15(1):100155. doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100155
5. D’Cunha NM, Sergi D, Lane MM, et al. The Effects of Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products on Neurocognitive and Mental Disorders. Nutrients. 2022;14(12):2421. doi:10.3390/nu14122421
6. de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation. 1999;99(6):779-785. doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.6.779
7. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;378(25):e34. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1800389
8. Bassi M. Ape-Like Human Ancestors Were Largely Vegetarian 3.3 Million Years Ago in South Africa, Fossil Teeth Reveal. Smithsonian Magazine. Accessed August 20, 2025. smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ape-like-human-ancestors-were-largely-vegetarian-33-million-years-ago-in-south-africa-fossil-teeth-reveal-180985873
9. Lüdecke T, Leichliter JN, Stratford D, et al. Australopithecus at Sterkfontein did not consume substantial mammalian meat. Science. 2025;387(6731):309-314. doi:10.1126/science.adq7315
10. Buettner D, Skemp S. Blue Zones: Lessons From the World’s Longest Lived. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2016;10(5):318-321. doi:10.1177/1559827616637066
11. Ahituv H, Henry AG, Melamed Y, et al. Starch-rich plant foods 780,000 y ago: Evidence from Acheulian percussive stone tools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(3):e2418661121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2418661121
12. Kawanishi K, Dhar C, Do R, Varki N, Gordts PLSM, Varki A. Human species-specific loss of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase enhances atherosclerosis via intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2019;116(32):16036-16045. doi:10.1073/pnas.1902902116
13. Ben‐Dor M, Sirtoli R, Barkai R. The evolution of the human trophic level during the Pleistocene. American J Phys Anthropol. 2021;175(S72):27-56. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24247
14. O’Keefe JH, Cordain L, Harris WH, Moe RM, Vogel R. Optimal low-density lipoprotein is 50 to 70 mg/dl: Lower is better and physiologically normal. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2004;43(11):2142-2146. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.03.046
15. Burén J, Ericsson M, Damasceno NRT, Sjödin A. A Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Increases LDL Cholesterol in Healthy, Young, Normal-Weight Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):814. doi:10.3390/nu13030814
16. Roberts WC. Twenty questions on atherosclerosis. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2000;13(2):139-143. Accessed February 3, 2025. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1312295
17. Ference BA, Ginsberg HN, Graham I, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. European Heart Journal. 2017;38(32):2459-2472. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144
18. Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO. The Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3209. doi:10.3390/nu12103209
19. Levin NA, Greer KE. Scurvy in an Unrepentant Carnivore.
20. Kargin D, Tomaino L, Serra-Majem L. Experimental Outcomes of the Mediterranean Diet: Lessons Learned from the Predimed Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2019;11(12):2991. doi:10.3390/nu11122991
21. Zehiroglu C, Ozturk Sarikaya SB. The importance of antioxidants and place in today’s scientific and technological studies. J Food Sci Technol. 2019;56(11):4757-4774. doi:10.1007/s13197-019-03952-x
22. Fiske G. Early man ate carbs and processed food 780,000 years ago, northern Israel site shows. The Times of Israel. timesofisrael.com/early-man-ate-carbs-and-processed-food-780000-years-ago-northern-israel-site-shows/. January 9, 2025. Accessed July 24, 2025.
Related videos:
youtu.be/3c5rWOBqXPE
youtu.be/Q2XvKn0Uq1Q
Sources:
1. Boehlke C, Zierau O, Hannig C. Salivary amylase – The enzyme of unspecialized euryphagous animals. Archives of Oral Biology. 2015;60(8):1162-1176. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.05.008
2. Brulé D, Sarwar G, Savoie L. Uricogenic potential of selected cooked foods in rats. J Am Coll Nutr. 1990;9(3):250-254. doi:10.1080/07315724.1990.10720376
3. Monjotin N, Amiot MJ, Fleurentin J, Morel JM, Raynal S. Clinical Evidence of the Benefits of Phytonutrients in Human Healthcare. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1712. doi:10.3390/nu14091712
4. Lykkesfeldt J, Carr AC. Vitamin C. Adv Nutr. 2023;15(1):100155. doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100155
5. D’Cunha NM, Sergi D, Lane MM, et al. The Effects of Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products on Neurocognitive and Mental Disorders. Nutrients. 2022;14(12):2421. doi:10.3390/nu14122421
6. de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation. 1999;99(6):779-785. doi:10.1161/01.cir.99.6.779
7. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, et al. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;378(25):e34. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1800389
8. Bassi M. Ape-Like Human Ancestors Were Largely Vegetarian 3.3 Million Years Ago in South Africa, Fossil Teeth Reveal. Smithsonian Magazine. Accessed August 20, 2025. smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ape-like-human-ancestors-were-largely-vegetarian-33-million-years-ago-in-south-africa-fossil-teeth-reveal-180985873
9. Lüdecke T, Leichliter JN, Stratford D, et al. Australopithecus at Sterkfontein did not consume substantial mammalian meat. Science. 2025;387(6731):309-314. doi:10.1126/science.adq7315
10. Buettner D, Skemp S. Blue Zones: Lessons From the World’s Longest Lived. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2016;10(5):318-321. doi:10.1177/1559827616637066
11. Ahituv H, Henry AG, Melamed Y, et al. Starch-rich plant foods 780,000 y ago: Evidence from Acheulian percussive stone tools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2025;122(3):e2418661121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2418661121
12. Kawanishi K, Dhar C, Do R, Varki N, Gordts PLSM, Varki A. Human species-specific loss of CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase enhances atherosclerosis via intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2019;116(32):16036-16045. doi:10.1073/pnas.1902902116
13. Ben‐Dor M, Sirtoli R, Barkai R. The evolution of the human trophic level during the Pleistocene. American J Phys Anthropol. 2021;175(S72):27-56. doi:10.1002/ajpa.24247
14. O’Keefe JH, Cordain L, Harris WH, Moe RM, Vogel R. Optimal low-density lipoprotein is 50 to 70 mg/dl: Lower is better and physiologically normal. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2004;43(11):2142-2146. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.03.046
15. Burén J, Ericsson M, Damasceno NRT, Sjödin A. A Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet Increases LDL Cholesterol in Healthy, Young, Normal-Weight Women: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):814. doi:10.3390/nu13030814
16. Roberts WC. Twenty questions on atherosclerosis. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2000;13(2):139-143. Accessed February 3, 2025. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1312295
17. Ference BA, Ginsberg HN, Graham I, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. European Heart Journal. 2017;38(32):2459-2472. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144
18. Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO. The Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):3209. doi:10.3390/nu12103209
19. Levin NA, Greer KE. Scurvy in an Unrepentant Carnivore.
20. Kargin D, Tomaino L, Serra-Majem L. Experimental Outcomes of the Mediterranean Diet: Lessons Learned from the Predimed Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2019;11(12):2991. doi:10.3390/nu11122991
21. Zehiroglu C, Ozturk Sarikaya SB. The importance of antioxidants and place in today’s scientific and technological studies. J Food Sci Technol. 2019;56(11):4757-4774. doi:10.1007/s13197-019-03952-x
22. Fiske G. Early man ate carbs and processed food 780,000 years ago, northern Israel site shows. The Times of Israel. timesofisrael.com/early-man-ate-carbs-and-processed-food-780000-years-ago-northern-israel-site-shows/. January 9, 2025. Accessed July 24, 2025.
