Wayne BreslynA step-by-step explanation of how to draw the H2SO3 Lewis Structure (Sulfurous acid).
When we have an H (or H2) in front of a polyatomic molecule (like CO3, SO4, NO2, etc.) we know that it's an acid. This means that the Hydrogen atoms will be attached to the outside of the oxygen molecules. Knowing this information makes it much easier to draw the Lewis structure for H2SO3. A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the H2SO3 Lewis Dot Structure (Sulfurous acid).
For the H2SO3 structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence electrons for the H2SO3 molecule. Once we know how many valence electrons there are in H2SO3 we can distribute them around the central atom with the goal of filling the outer shells of each atom.
In the Lewis structure of H2SO3 structure there are a total of 26 valence electrons. H2SO3 is also called Sulfurous acid.
Note that H2SO3 can have an Expanded Octet and have more than eight valence electrons. Because of this there may be several possible Lewis Structures. To arrive at the most favorable Lewis Structure we need to consider formal charges. See how to calculate formal charges: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOFAPlq4y_k
----- Steps to Write Lewis Structure for compounds like H2SO3 ------ 1. Find the total valence electrons for the H2SO3 molecule. 2. Put the least electronegative atom in the center. Note: Hydrogen (H) always goes outside. 3. Put two electrons between atoms to form a chemical bond. 4. Complete octets on outside atoms. 5. If central atom does not have an octet, move electrons from outer atoms to form double or triple bonds.
Lewis Structures, also called Electron Dot Structures, are important to learn because they help us understand how atoms and electrons are arranged in a molecule, such as Sulfurous acid. This can help us determine the molecular geometry, how the molecule might react with other molecules, and some of the physical properties of the molecule (like boiling point and surface tension).
H2SO3 Lewis Structure: How to Draw the Lewis Structure for Sulfurous acidWayne Breslyn2013-07-01 | A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the H2SO3 Lewis Structure (Sulfurous acid).
When we have an H (or H2) in front of a polyatomic molecule (like CO3, SO4, NO2, etc.) we know that it's an acid. This means that the Hydrogen atoms will be attached to the outside of the oxygen molecules. Knowing this information makes it much easier to draw the Lewis structure for H2SO3. A step-by-step explanation of how to draw the H2SO3 Lewis Dot Structure (Sulfurous acid).
For the H2SO3 structure use the periodic table to find the total number of valence electrons for the H2SO3 molecule. Once we know how many valence electrons there are in H2SO3 we can distribute them around the central atom with the goal of filling the outer shells of each atom.
In the Lewis structure of H2SO3 structure there are a total of 26 valence electrons. H2SO3 is also called Sulfurous acid.
Note that H2SO3 can have an Expanded Octet and have more than eight valence electrons. Because of this there may be several possible Lewis Structures. To arrive at the most favorable Lewis Structure we need to consider formal charges. See how to calculate formal charges: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOFAPlq4y_k
----- Steps to Write Lewis Structure for compounds like H2SO3 ------ 1. Find the total valence electrons for the H2SO3 molecule. 2. Put the least electronegative atom in the center. Note: Hydrogen (H) always goes outside. 3. Put two electrons between atoms to form a chemical bond. 4. Complete octets on outside atoms. 5. If central atom does not have an octet, move electrons from outer atoms to form double or triple bonds.
Lewis Structures, also called Electron Dot Structures, are important to learn because they help us understand how atoms and electrons are arranged in a molecule, such as Sulfurous acid. This can help us determine the molecular geometry, how the molecule might react with other molecules, and some of the physical properties of the molecule (like boiling point and surface tension).
Chemistry help at https://www.Breslyn.orgConvert 4.0 L to mL (4 Liters to Milliliters)Wayne Breslyn2024-06-18 | To convert 4 liters (L) to milliliters (mL), you can use the following steps. Note that the L will cancel out as you perform the conversion, leaving only mL:
Conversion Factor:
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
Start with the quantity you want to convert (4 L) and set up a ratio where the original unit (L) is in the denominator and the target unit (mL) is in the numerator, using the conversion factor:
Conversion factor: 1000 mL / 1 L
Write the quantity you want to convert (4 L) as a fraction over 1: 4 L / 1
Multiply this fraction by the conversion factor: (4 L / 1) * (1000 mL / 1 L)
Notice that the units of liters (L) in the numerator and denominator cancel out, leaving only the units of milliliters (mL):
(4 * 1000) / (1 * 1) mL = 4000 / 1 mL = 4000 mL
So, 4 L is equivalent to 4000 milliliters. The units of liters cancel out during the conversion process, leaving only milliliters as the final unit.Write the Molecular, Structural, and Skeletal Formula for Butanone (Methyl Ethyl Ketone)Wayne Breslyn2024-06-18 | In this video, we'll learn how to draw the molecular, structural, and skeletal formulas for butanone, also known as Butan-2-one or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), which has the molecular formula CH₃COCH₂CH₃.
Starting with the molecular formula, CH₃COCH₂CH₃, we see the number of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms, as well as the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O), which is characteristic of ketones. However, the molecular formula alone doesn't reveal the arrangement of these atoms.
Next, we'll draw the structural formula for Butanone, illustrating how the Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms are connected. This provides a clearer picture of the molecule's structure, showing the carbonyl group (C=O) located on the second carbon atom in the chain.
Finally, we'll simplify the representation by drawing the skeletal formula, also known as the bond-line formula. This type of drawing only shows the Carbon backbone, with Carbon and Hydrogen atoms implied. The Oxygen atom in the carbonyl group is explicitly shown double-bonded to a Carbon atom.
Each of these representations—molecular formula, structural formula, and skeletal formula—offers unique insights into the molecule. By understanding how to draw and interpret these formulas, you'll gain valuable skills for studying organic chemistry and visualizing molecular structures.H2, N2, and NH3 : Comparing Boiling PointsWayne Breslyn2024-06-10 | NH₃ has the highest boiling point because it experiences stronger hydrogen bonding compared to the weaker London dispersion forces in H₂ and N₂. Comparing N2 and H2, the greater molar mass of N2 means it will have a higher boiling point than H2.
Here are the boiling points for each substance:
H2 boils at -252.8C N2 boils at -195.8C NH3 boils at -33.1C
Join this channel to get full access to Dr. B's chemistry guides: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUF73YX-uQTGwDB20I3n3g/joinWrite the Molecular, Structural, and Skeletal Formula for Propene (C₃H₆)Wayne Breslyn2024-06-06 | In this video, we'll learn how to draw the molecular, structural, and skeletal formulas for Propene (C₃H₆).
Starting with the molecular formula, C₃H₆, we see the number of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms, but it doesn't reveal their arrangement. However, this formula is crucial as it indicates that Propene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, meaning it contains a carbon-carbon double bond.
Next, we'll draw the structural formula for Propene, showing how the Carbon and Hydrogen atoms are connected. This provides a clearer picture of the molecule's structure, showing a chain of three Carbons with a double bond between two of the carbons.
Finally, we'll simplify the representation by drawing the skeletal formula, also known as the bond-line formula. This type of drawing only shows the Carbon backbone, with Carbon atoms implied at each vertex and endpoint. The double bond would be explicitly shown in the skeletal structure.
Each of these representations—molecular formula, structural formula, and skeletal formula—offers unique insights into the molecule. By understanding how to draw and interpret these formulas, you'll be able to visualize molecular structures in organic chemistry.Write the Molecular, Structural, and Skeletal Formula for Butanol (C₄H₉OH)Wayne Breslyn2024-06-05 | In this video, we'll learn how to draw the molecular, structural, and skeletal formulas for Butanol, also known as Butan-1-ol, which has the molecular formula C₄H₉OH.
Starting with the molecular formula, C₄H₉OH, we see the number of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms, as well as the presence of a hydroxyl group (OH), which is characteristic of alcohols. However, the molecular formula alone doesn't reveal the arrangement of these atoms.
Next, we'll draw the structural formula for Butanol, illustrating how the Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms are connected. This provides a clearer picture of the molecule's structure, showing a linear chain of four Carbon atoms with the hydroxyl group (OH) attached to the first Carbon.
Finally, we'll simplify the representation by drawing the skeletal formula, also known as the bond-line formula. This type of drawing only shows the Carbon backbone, with Carbon and Hydrogen atoms implied. The Oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is explicitly shown bonded to a Carbon atom.
Each of these representations—molecular formula, structural formula, and skeletal formula—offers unique insights into the molecule. By understanding how to draw and interpret these formulas, you'll gain valuable skills for studying organic chemistry and visualizing molecular structures.Write the Molecular, Structural, and Skeletal Formula for 2-MethylpentaneWayne Breslyn2024-06-05 | In this video, we'll learn how to draw the molecular, structural, and skeletal formulas for 2-methylpentane (C₆H₁₄).
Starting with the molecular formula, C₆H₁₄, we see the number of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms, but it doesn't reveal their arrangement. However, this formula is crucial as it indicates that 2-methylpentane is an isomer of hexane, meaning it shares the same molecular formula but has a different structural arrangement.
Next, we'll draw the structural formula for 2-methylpentane, showing how the Carbon and Hydrogen atoms are connected. This provides a clearer picture of the molecule's structure, showing the parent chain of five Carbons (pentane) and the methyl group (CH₃) attached to the second Carbon.
Finally, we'll simplify the representation by drawing the skeletal formula, also known as the bond-line formula. This type of drawing only shows the Carbon backbone, with Carbon atoms implied at each vertex and endpoint. The skeletal formula is a common way to depict organic molecules, especially in scientific literature, as it's less cluttered and easier to draw while still conveying essential structural information. Remember that atoms like Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur would be explicitly shown in skeletal structures.
Each of these representations—molecular formula, structural formula, and skeletal formula—offers unique insights into the molecule. By understanding how to draw and interpret these formulas, you'll be able to visualize molecular structures in organic chemistry.Write the Molecular, Structural, and Skeletal Formula for Dimethylamine (C₂H₇N)Wayne Breslyn2024-06-05 | In this video, we'll learn how to draw the molecular, structural, and skeletal formulas for Dimethylamine (C₂H₇N).
Starting with the molecular formula, C₂H₇N, we see the number of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen atoms, but it doesn't reveal their arrangement. However, this formula, along with the name "Dimethylamine," suggests it is a secondary amine, meaning the nitrogen atom is connected to two carbon atoms.
Next, we'll draw the structural formula for Dimethylamine, showing how the Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen atoms are connected. This provides a clearer picture of the molecule's structure, revealing a central nitrogen atom bonded to two methyl groups (CH₃) and one hydrogen atom.
Finally, we'll simplify the representation by drawing the skeletal formula, also known as the bond-line formula. This type of drawing only shows the Carbon backbone, with Carbon atoms implied at each vertex and endpoint. The Nitrogen and Hydrogen atoms would be explicitly shown in the skeletal structure.
Each of these representations—molecular formula, structural formula, and skeletal formula—offers unique insights into the molecule. By understanding how to draw and interpret these formulas, you'll be able to visualize molecular structures in organic chemistry.Molecular Formula vs Structural Formula vs Skeletal FormulaWayne Breslyn2024-05-13 | This video provides a detailed overview of three primary types of chemical formulas: molecular formulas, structural formulas, and skeletal formulas.
More organic chemistry help at www.Breslyn.org !
We'll start with molecular formulas, which simply list the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule, offering no structural insights. Then we’ll look at structural formulas, which build on molecular formulas by showing the connections between atoms, thus giving a basic view of the molecule's structure. Lastly, we'll cover skeletal formulas, which are streamlined representations used mainly in organic chemistry to depict the carbon backbone of molecules, omitting most hydrogen atoms.
Be sure to do the practice problems to really learn to identify and draw each type of formula. Also look carefully at the visual demonstrations that show how each formula type correlates to the actual structure of molecules, aimed at improving understanding and visualization skills.Convert 5.0 L to mL (5 Liters to Milliliters)Wayne Breslyn2024-05-12 | To convert 5 liters (L) to milliliters (mL), you can use the following steps. Note that the L will cancel out as you perform the conversion, leaving only mL:
Conversion Factor:
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
Start with the quantity you want to convert (5 L) and set up a ratio where the original unit (L) is in the denominator and the target unit (mL) is in the numerator, using the conversion factor:
Conversion factor: 1000 mL / 1 L
Write the quantity you want to convert (5 L) as a fraction over 1: 5 L / 1
Multiply this fraction by the conversion factor: (5 L / 1) * (1000 mL / 1 L)
Notice that the units of liters (L) in the numerator and denominator cancel out, leaving only the units of milliliters (mL):
(5 * 1000) / (1 * 1) mL = 5000 / 1 mL = 5000 mL
So, 5 L is equivalent to 5000 milliliters. The units of liters cancel out during the conversion process, leaving only milliliters as the final unit.Convert 1.25 L to mL (1.25 Liters to Milliliters)Wayne Breslyn2024-05-12 | To convert 1.25 liters (L) to milliliters (mL), you can use the following steps. Note that the L will cancel out as you perform the conversion, leaving only mL:
Conversion Factor:
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
Start with the quantity you want to convert (1.25 L) and set up a ratio where the original unit (L) is in the denominator and the target unit (mL) is in the numerator, using the conversion factor:
Conversion factor: 1000 mL / 1 L
Write the quantity you want to convert (1.25 L) as a fraction over 1: 1.25 L / 1
Multiply this fraction by the conversion factor: (1.25 L / 1) * (1000 mL / 1 L)
Notice that the units of liters (L) in the numerator and denominator cancel out, leaving only the units of milliliters (mL):
(1.25 * 1000) / (1 * 1) mL = 1250 / 1 mL = 1250 mL
So, 1.25 L is equivalent to 1250 milliliters. The units of liters cancel out during the conversion process, leaving only milliliters as the final unit.Convert 650mmHg to atm.Wayne Breslyn2024-05-12 | To convert 650 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) to atmospheres (atm), you can use the conversion factor: 1 atmosphere (atm) is equal to 760 mmHg.
The conversion formula is:
Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example:
Pressure in atmospheres = 650 mmHg / 760
Calculating this:
Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.855 atm So, 650 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.855 atmospheres.
Essentially, we multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out, leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
It's important to note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude. As you move to higher elevations, atmospheric pressure decreases. Therefore, the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level. f atm in 650mmHg.Write the Molecular, Structural, and Skeletal Formula for Cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂)Wayne Breslyn2024-05-12 | In this video, we'll learn how to draw the molecular, structural, and skeletal formulas for cyclohexane (C₆H₁₂).
Starting with the molecular formula, C₆H₁₂, we see the number of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms, but it doesn't reveal their arrangement. However, this formula is important as it indicates a cyclic structure due to the reduced number of hydrogens compared to a straight-chain alkane.
Next, we'll draw the structural formula for Cyclohexane, illustrating how the Carbon and Hydrogen atoms are connected in a ring. This provides a clearer picture of the molecule's structure, showing a hexagon with each vertex representing a Carbon atom bonded to two Hydrogens.
Finally, we'll simplify the representation by drawing the skeletal formula, also known as the bond-line formula. This type of drawing only shows the Carbon backbone, with Carbon and Hydrogen atoms implied. For Cyclohexane, the skeletal formula is simply a hexagon, with each vertex and line segment representing a Carbon atom and a C-C bond, respectively.
Each of these representations—molecular formula, structural formula, and skeletal formula—offers unique insights into the molecule. By understanding how to draw and interpret these formulas, you'll gain valuable skills for studying organic chemistry and visualizing molecular structures.Write the Molecular, Structural, and Skeletal Formula for Butane (C₄H₁₀)Wayne Breslyn2024-05-12 | In this video, we'll learn how to draw the molecular, structural, and skeletal formulas for Butane, a simple hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C₄H₁₀.
Starting with the molecular formula, C₄H₁₀, we see the number of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms, but it doesn't reveal their arrangement. However, this formula tells us that butane is an alkane, a type of hydrocarbon with only single bonds between carbon atoms.
Next, we'll draw the structural formula for Butane, illustrating how the Carbon and Hydrogen atoms are connected in a straight chain. This provides a clearer picture of the molecule's structure, showing each Carbon atom bonded to two other Carbons (except for the ends, which are bonded to three Hydrogens).
Finally, we'll simplify the representation by drawing the skeletal formula, also known as the bond-line formula. This type of drawing only shows the Carbon backbone, with Carbon and Hydrogen atoms implied. For Butane, the skeletal formula is simply a zigzag line with four vertices, each representing a Carbon atom.
Each of these representations—molecular formula, structural formula, and skeletal formula—offers unique insights into the molecule. By understanding how to draw and interpret these formulas, you'll gain valuable skills for studying organic chemistry and visualizing molecular structures.Predict the Products of the Reaction for C6H12O6 + O2 (Glucose + Oxygen Gas)Wayne Breslyn2024-05-11 | To predict the products of the chemical reaction between C6H12O6 (Glucose) and O2 (Oxygen), it's essential to identify the type of reaction occurring.
Given that C6H12O6 is a sugar (a carbohydrate) and O2 is oxygen, we are looking at a combustion reaction. In this context, combustion typically involves oxygen reacting with a compound to produce energy, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O).
Therefore, we can predict that the products of the combustion of glucose will be carbon dioxide and water. This type of reaction releases energy and is fundamental to cellular respiration in living organisms.
This reaction is an example of a complete combustion reaction, assuming there is sufficient oxygen. The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of glucose is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2OIdeal Gas Law (PV=nRT) Practice ProblemWayne Breslyn2024-05-11 | In this video we’ll work a practice problem for the Ideal Gas Law, PV=nRT. For this problem you can rearrange the equation to get V by itself to start with or just plug in values and solve for V.
Volume (V) = 321 mL (convert to liters: 0.321 L) Temperature (T) = 25.0 °C (convert to Kelvin: 298.15 K) Pressure (P) = 745 mmHg (convert to atm: divide by 760) Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
Convert volume to liters: 321 mL = 0.321 L Convert temperature to Kelvin: 25.0 °C + 273.15 = 298.15 K Convert pressure to atm: 745 mmHg / 760 mmHg/atm = 0.980 atm Now, plug in the values into the ideal gas law:
Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example:
Pressure in atmospheres = 670 mmHg / 760
Calculating this:
Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.882 atm So, 670 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.882 atmospheres.
Essentially, we multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out, leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
It's important to note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude. As you move to higher elevations, atmospheric pressure decreases. Therefore, the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level.Paper Pinhole GlassesWayne Breslyn2024-05-11 | I recently learned that by poking a hole in a piece of paper, I can improve my vision when looking through it without my glasses. It's similar to a pinhole camera, where I control how light enters my eye. Surprisingly, this method allows me to see objects, especially text, much more clearly than I could without my glasses. It might come in handy if you lose your glasses.
Join this channel to get full access to Dr. B's chemistry guides: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUF73YX-uQTGwDB20I3n3g/joinConvert 0.25 L to mL (0.25 Liters to Milliliters)Wayne Breslyn2024-05-11 | To convert 0.25 liters (L) to milliliters (mL), you can use the following steps. Note that the L will cancel out as you perform the conversion, leaving only mL:
Conversion Factor:
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
Start with the quantity you want to convert (0.25 L) and set up a ratio where the original unit (L) is in the denominator and the target unit (mL) is in the numerator, using the conversion factor:
Conversion factor: 1000 mL / 1 L
Write the quantity you want to convert (0.25 L) as a fraction over 1: 0.25 L / 1
Multiply this fraction by the conversion factor: (0.25 L / 1) * (1000 mL / 1 L)
Notice that the units of Liters (L) in the numerator and denominator cancel out, leaving only the units of milliliters (mL):
(0.25 * 1000) / (1 * 1) mL = 250 / 1 mL = 250 mL
So, 0.25 L is equivalent to 250 milliliters. The units of Liters (L) cancel out during the conversion process, leaving only milliliters (mL) as the final unit.Convert 0.75 L to mL (0.75 Liters to Milliliters)Wayne Breslyn2024-05-11 | To convert 0.75 liters (L) to milliliters (mL), you can use the following steps. Note that the L will cancel out as you perform the conversion, leaving only mL:
Conversion Factor:
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
Start with the quantity you want to convert (0.75 L) and set up a ratio where the original unit (L) is in the denominator and the target unit (mL) is in the numerator, using the conversion factor:
Conversion factor: 1000 mL / 1 L
Write the quantity you want to convert (0.75 L) as a fraction over 1: 0.75 L / 1
Multiply this fraction by the conversion factor: (0.75 L / 1) * (1000 mL / 1 L)
Notice that the units of Liters (L) in the numerator and denominator cancel out, leaving only the units of milliliters (mL):
(0.75 * 1000) / (1 * 1) mL = 750 / 1 mL = 750 mL
So, 0.75 L is equivalent to 750 milliliters. The units of Liters (L) cancel out during the conversion process, leaving only milliliters (mL) as the final unit.Convert Moles Ne to AtomsWayne Breslyn2024-05-05 | let's convert 1.4 moles of Ne (neon) to atoms using Avogadro's number.
Step 1: Identify Avogadro's Number Avogadro's number (NA) is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 atoms per mole.
Step 2: Set Up the Conversion To convert moles of Ne to atoms, use the following conversion factor:
1 mole Ne = Avogadro's Number (6.022 x 10^23) of Ne atoms
Step 3: Perform the Calculation Now, plug in the given value (1.4 moles) and Avogadro's number into the conversion factor:
1.4 moles Ne * (6.022 x 10^23 atoms / 1 mole Ne)
Step 4: Cancel Units Note that the unit "moles Ne" cancels out with "moles Ne" in the conversion factor, leaving you with the unit "atoms."
Step 5: Calculate the Result Perform the multiplication:
1.4 moles Ne * (6.022 x 10^23 atoms / 1 mole Ne) = 8.4 x 10^23 atoms of Ne
So, there are 8.4 x 10^23 atoms of Ne in 1.4 moles of Ne.Solving the Ideal Gas Law for Temperatures (T)Wayne Breslyn2024-05-05 | In this video we’ll work a practice problem for the Ideal Gas Law, PV=nRT. For this problem you can rearrange the equation to get T by itself to start with or just plug in values and solve for T.
Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example:
Pressure in atmospheres = 570 mmHg / 760
Calculating this:
Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.75 atm So, 570 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.75 atmospheres.
Essentially, we multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out, leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
It's important to note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude. As you move to higher elevations, atmospheric pressure decreases. Therefore, the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level.Convert 0.1 L to mL (0.1 Liters to Milliliters)pen_sparkWayne Breslyn2024-05-05 | To convert 0.1 liters (L) to milliliters (mL), you can use the following steps. Note that the L will cancel out as you perform the conversion, leaving only mL:
Conversion Factor:
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliters (mL)
Start with the quantity you want to convert (0.1 L) and set up a ratio where the original unit (L) is in the denominator and the target unit (mL) is in the numerator, using the conversion factor:
Conversion factor: 1000 mL / 1 L
Write the quantity you want to convert (0.1 L) as a fraction over 1: 0.1 L / 1
Multiply this fraction by the conversion factor: (0.1 L / 1) * (1000 mL / 1 L)
Notice that the units of liters (L) in the numerator and denominator cancel out, leaving only the units of milliliters (mL):
(0.1 * 1000) / (1 * 1) mL = 100 / 1 mL = 100 mL
So, 0.1 L is equivalent to 100 milliliters. The units of liters cancel out during the conversion process, leaving only milliliters as the final unit.Decompostion of Metal Oxides: Predicting ProductsWayne Breslyn2024-05-05 | This video covers the decomposition of metal oxides, focusing on how these reactions occur and the products formed. The video starts with how to identify decomposition reactions and then specifically looks at metal oxides, explaining their breakdown into simpler substances under certain conditions.
⭐ Full courses at: http://www.YouTube.com/@wbreslyn/courses
Recognizing the decomposition process of metal oxides is crucial for predicting the products of chemical reactions accurately. This is part of our "Predicting the Products of Chemical Reactions" course, available under the "Courses" tab on my YouTube channel.
Decomposition reactions vary widely, and metal oxides form an important group within these reactions. Learning about these reactions helps in understanding chemistry better.
Join this channel to get full access to Dr. B's chemistry guides: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUF73YX-uQTGwDB20I3n3g/joinHow to Balance Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3 + H2O ()Wayne Breslyn2024-05-05 | In this video we'll balance the equation Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3 + H2O and provide the correct coefficients for each compound.
To balance Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 = CaCO3 + H2O you'll need to be sure to count all of atoms on each side of the chemical equation.
Once you know how many of each type of atom you can only change the coefficients (the numbers in front of atoms or compounds) to balance the equation for .
Important tips for balancing chemical equations:
Only change the numbers in front of compounds (the coefficients). Never change the numbers after atoms (the subscripts). The number of each atom on both sides of the equation must be the same for the equation to be balanced. For a complete tutorial on balancing all types of chemical equations, watch my video:
Drawing/writing done in InkScape (https://www.InkScape.org). Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Created on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: Differences and ExamplesWayne Breslyn2024-05-04 | Atoms, ions, and molecules are fundamental entities in chemistry, each with distinct characteristics:
Atoms: 🔹Composition: Atoms are the basic units of matter and the smallest indivisible particles of an element. 🔹Charge: Atoms are usually electrically neutral, with equal numbers of protons (positively charged) and electrons (negatively charged). 🔹Formation: Atoms combine to form molecules through chemical bonding.
Ions: 🔹Composition: Ions are charged particles that result from an atom gaining or losing electrons. 🔹Charge: Ions can be positively charged (cations) if they lose electrons or negatively charged (anions) if they gain electrons. 🔹Formation: Ions are formed through processes such as ionization or the interaction of atoms with other particles.
Molecules: 🔹Composition: Molecules are formed when two or more atoms chemically combine through bonding. 🔹Charge: Molecules are usually neutral, with the total positive charge equaling the total negative charge. 🔹Formation: Molecules result from covalent bonds (sharing electrons) between atoms of different or the same elements. These are usually non-metals.
So, atoms are the building blocks of matter, ions are charged particles derived from atoms, and molecules are combinations of atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Step 1: Identify Avogadro's Number Avogadro's number (NA) is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 atoms per mole.
Step 2: Set Up the Conversion To convert moles of He to atoms, use the following conversion factor:
1 mole He = Avogadro's Number (6.022 x 10^23) of He atoms
Step 3: Perform the Calculation Now, plug in the given value (0.7 moles) and Avogadro's number into the conversion factor:
0.7 moles He * (6.022 x 10^23 atoms / 1 mole He)
Step 4: Cancel Units Note that the unit "moles He" cancels out with "moles He" in the conversion factor, leaving you with the unit "atoms."
Step 5: Calculate the Result Perform the multiplication:
0.7 moles He * (6.022 x 10^23 atoms / 1 mole He) = 4.2 x 10^23 atoms of He
So, there are 4.2 x 10^23 atoms of helium in 0.7 moles of He.Predict the Products of the Reaction for Zn + HCl (Zinc + Hydrochloric acid)Wayne Breslyn2024-05-04 | To predict the products of the chemical reaction between Zn and HCl (Zinc and Hydrochloric acid), we first need to recognize the type of reaction that will take place.
Because Zn is a metal and HCl is an acid, we have a single displacement reaction. Based on this information, we can predict that the products will be zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and hydrogen gas (H2).
This reaction is also an example of a metal-acid reaction, where the metal replaces the hydrogen in the acid, resulting in the formation of a salt (zinc chloride in this case) and the release of hydrogen gas. This allows us to figure out the products of the reaction between Zn and HCl.Electron Configurations Video Workbook: Explanation, Examples, & PracticeWayne Breslyn2024-05-02 | This video on writing electron configurations for the elements accompanies the guide at https://www.Breslyn.org . You'll learn faster and remember longer is you watch the video and do the electron configuration practice problems as you watch.
One of the quickest ways to write electron configurations is to remember the trend for the orbital blocks on the Periodic Table. This way you'll be able to figure out the last term in an configuration for an element just by knowing its position on the Periodic Table.
Remember that when we write electron configurations we are generating a description of how electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom. Based on this information we can determine considerable information about how the atom might react to form chemical bonds, it's charge when forming ionic compounds, and other valuable information.
Join this channel! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUF73YX-uQTGwDB20I3n3g/joinHow to Balance Cu + HNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O (Copper + Nitric Acid)Wayne Breslyn2024-04-23 | In this video we'll balance the equation Cu + HNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O and provide the correct coefficients for each compound.
To balance Cu + HNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O you'll need to be sure to count all of atoms on each side of the chemical equation.
Once you know how many of each type of atom you can only change the coefficients (the numbers in front of atoms or compounds) to balance the equation for Copper + Nitric Acid.
Important tips for balancing chemical equations:
Only change the numbers in front of compounds (the coefficients). Never change the numbers after atoms (the subscripts). The number of each atom on both sides of the equation must be the same for the equation to be balanced. For a complete tutorial on balancing all types of chemical equations, watch my video:
Drawing/writing done in InkScape (https://www.InkScape.org). Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Created on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).Eclipse 2024 - Pinhole Camera EffectWayne Breslyn2024-04-10 | A quick video of something I found interesting while watching the recent eclipse. You're seeing the shadow of a card with "Dr. B" made by using a hole-punch on an piece of paper.
Each hole acts like an individual camera and focuses and image of the sun on the paper. When I have it the right distance you can see the moon covering the sun. The moon is between the earth and the sun and that is what causes the eclipse.
#eclipse #eclipseviewing #shortsHalp! Dr. B needs some advice!Wayne Breslyn2024-04-04 | Is this something I should invest my time doing? You advice is most appreciated. PDF Guide: https://www.breslyn.org/uploads/Electron-Configurations.pdf Feedback form (link also in guide): https://forms.gle/Tuyxt1Vg5zJwhoM36Decomposition Reactions: Predicting ProductsWayne Breslyn2024-03-30 | In this video, we look at decomposition reactions, a fundamental concept in general chemistry, and focus on predicting the products of these reactions.
⭐ Full courses at: http://www.YouTube.com/@wbreslyn/courses
Basic Binary Decomposition Reactions We start with the simplest form of decomposition reactions. An example we cover is sodium chloride (NaCl) decomposing into sodium (Na) and chlorine gas (Cl2).
Decomposition of Metal Carbonates Next, we explore how metal carbonates break down. We'll look at calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which decomposes into calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Decomposition of Metal Hydroxides Following that, our focus shifts to metal hydroxides. For instance, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) decomposes into sodium oxide (NaO) and water (H2O).
Decomposition of Oxides Lastly, we examine the decomposition of oxides, such as sodium oxide (Na2O) breaking down into sodium (Na) and oxygen gas (O2).
By categorizing these decomposition reactions, we can identify patterns that help in predicting the products of these reactions. This video is designed to simplify these concepts for students at the general chemistry level.
In this course you’ll build the essential skills for converting between moles, grams, and grams per mole efficiently. We'll emphasize the practical aspects, not theoretical or historical discussions about the mole. As a result, you’ll be able to do the conversions you need to work chemistry problems involving the mole..
Start now and be confidently converting in just 1 hour!
More on balancing equations like H2 + O2 = H2O as well as how to balance equations for double displacement reactions and combustion reactions, and more!
#balancingequation #shorts #balancingchemicalequationsHow to Draw Lewis Dot Structures in (Almost) One MinuteWayne Breslyn2024-03-17 | Writing Lewis structures is an important skill in chemistry for visualizing the arrangement of electrons in molecules and ions. Here's a structured guide on how to draw them:
Count the Valence Electrons: Begin by determining the total number of valence electrons available for bonding. This is done by adding up the valence electrons of each atom in the molecule or ion. For ions, adjust the total by adding electrons for negative charges or subtracting electrons for positive charges.
Choose the Central Atom: Place the least electronegative element in the center of your structure, as it is more likely to share electrons. Hydrogen and halogens are exceptions; they are almost always placed on the outside since hydrogen can only form one bond, and halogens typically form one bond as well.
Sketch a Skeleton Structure: Connect the central atom to the outer atoms with single bonds. Each line represents a pair of shared electrons.
Complete the Octets of the Outer Atoms: Distribute the remaining valence electrons around the outer atoms to complete their octets (8 electrons around each atom), except for hydrogen, which is stable with 2 electrons. Start by placing electron pairs around the atoms until each gets an octet or, in the case of hydrogen, a duet.
Place Remaining Electrons on the Central Atom: After the outer atoms have their octets, place any remaining electrons on the central atom.
Form Double or Triple Bonds if Necessary: If the central atom does not have an octet after distributing the electrons, consider forming double or triple bonds by sharing electrons from the outer atoms. This often occurs when there are not enough electrons to complete octets with single bonds alone.
Review for Exceptions to the Octet Rule: Keep in mind that there are exceptions to the octet rule. Some elements can have less (e.g., boron) or more (e.g., sulfur, phosphorus) than eight electrons. These exceptions are based on the specific requirements of the molecule's structure and the elements involved.
Finalize the Structure: Review the structure to ensure that all valence electrons are accounted for and that all atoms (except for exceptions) follow the octet rule. Adjust as necessary, considering resonance structures if applicable, where multiple valid structures can represent a molecule.
Join this channel to get full access to Dr. B's chemistry guides: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUF73YX-uQTGwDB20I3n3g/joinMolecule vs Particle in ChemistryWayne Breslyn2024-03-09 | In short, the term "molecule "is more specific referring to a group of covalently (molecularly) bonded non-metals. The term "particle" is more general and includes ions, individual atoms, molecules, and other smaller substances.
Note that molecules are considered to be particles!
Particle:
Broader term: A particle is a general term for any minute entity with mass or energy. This includes atoms, molecules, ions, subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons), photons, and more.
No specific composition: A particle can have any composition, from simple (like an electron) to complex (like a virus).
Focus on physical properties: The classification of particles often focuses on their physical properties like mass, charge, and interaction with forces.
Molecule:
A molecule is a specific type of particle: A molecule is a specific type of particle composed of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
Specific formation: Molecules are formed by sharing electrons between atoms, resulting in a stable structure with unique properties.
Focus on chemical properties: The classification of molecules often focuses on their chemical properties like bonding, reactivity, and functional groups.
Join this channel to get full access to Dr. B's chemistry guides: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaUF73YX-uQTGwDB20I3n3g/joinHow to Balance NO2 + H2 = NH3 + H2O (Nitrogen dioxide + Hydrogen gas)Wayne Breslyn2024-03-05 | In this video we'll balance the equation NO2 + H2 = NH3 + H2O and provide the correct coefficients for each compound.
To balance NO2 + H2 = NH3 + H2O you'll need to be sure to count all of atoms on each side of the chemical equation.
Once you know how many of each type of atom you can only change the coefficients (the numbers in front of atoms or compounds) to balance the equation for Nitrogen dioxide + Hydrogen gas.
Important tips for balancing chemical equations:
Only change the numbers in front of compounds (the coefficients). Never change the numbers after atoms (the subscripts). The number of each atom on both sides of the equation must be the same for the equation to be balanced. For a complete tutorial on balancing all types of chemical equations, watch my video:
#chemistry #minecraftHow to Balance Half ReactionsWayne Breslyn2024-02-19 | The third video in a series of understanding redox reactions and how to balance Redox Equations. Having mastered the identification of oxidation numbers and the art of writing half-reactions in the previous two videos, you're now ready to balance half reactions..
Redox Guides, Videos, and Practice at www.Breslyn.org/redox
Balancing half-reactions is a step-by-step, methodical procedure. We break down the process into manageable sub-steps, to provide clarity and practice.
Addition of Water and H+: Recognize that water and hydrogen ions (H+) can be introduced during the balancing process. Given that most redox reactions occur in water, incorporating these elements is a common practice. In an acidic medium, the addition of H+ is also available. (You'll learn about balancing in basic medium later in the series).
Check Your Work! Double-checking your balanced half-reaction is essential at this point. Ensure the equality of atoms and charges on each side. This step is quick, straightforward, and serves as a safeguard against potential errors. It's a quick step but it will save you an immense amount of time later.
While the process of balancing half reactions may seem time-consuming, carefully following the steps pays off in the long run. You'll make much smoother progress in the overall redox reaction.
www.Breslyn.orgConvert 630mmHg to atm.Wayne Breslyn2024-02-18 | To convert 630 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) to atmospheres (atm), you can use the conversion factor: 1 atmosphere (atm) is equal to 760 mmHg.
The conversion formula is:
Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example:
Pressure in atmospheres = 630 mmHg / 760
Calculating this:
Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.829 atm So, 630 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.829 atmospheres.
Essentially, we multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out, leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
It's important to note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude. As you move to higher elevations, atmospheric pressure decreases. Therefore, the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level.Convert 560mmHg to atm.Wayne Breslyn2024-02-18 | To convert 560 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) to atmospheres (atm), you can use the conversion factor: 1 atmosphere (atm) is equal to 760 mmHg.
The conversion formula is:
Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example:
Pressure in atmospheres = 560 mmHg / 760
Calculating this:
Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.737 atm So, 560 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.737 atmospheres.
Essentially, we multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out, leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
It's important to note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude. As you move to higher elevations, atmospheric pressure decreases. Therefore, the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level.Convert 520mmHg to atm.Wayne Breslyn2024-02-18 | To convert 520 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) to atmospheres (atm), you can use the conversion factor: 1 atmosphere (atm) is equal to 760 mmHg.
The conversion formula is:
Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example:
Pressure in atmospheres = 520 mmHg / 760
Calculating this:
Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.684 atm So, 520 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.684 atmospheres.
Essentially, we multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out, leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
It's important to note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude. As you move to higher elevations, atmospheric pressure decreases. Therefore, the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level.Convert 470mmHg to atm.Wayne Breslyn2024-02-18 | To convert 470 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) to atmospheres (atm), you can use the conversion factor: 1 atmosphere (atm) is equal to 760 mmHg.
The conversion formula is:
Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example:
Pressure in atmospheres = 470 mmHg / 760
Calculating this:
Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.618 atm So, 470 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.618 atmospheres.
Essentially, we multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
It's important to note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude. As you move to higher elevations, atmospheric pressure decreases. Therefore, the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level.Convert 480mmHg to atm.Wayne Breslyn2024-02-18 | To convert 480 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) to atmospheres (atm), you can use the conversion factor: 1 atmosphere (atm) is equal to 760 mmHg.
The conversion formula is:
Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example:
Pressure in atmospheres = 480 mmHg / 760
Calculating this:
Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.632 atm So, 480 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.632 atmospheres.
Essentially, we multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out, leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
It's important to note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude. As you move to higher elevations, atmospheric pressure decreases. Therefore, the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level.Convert 430mmHg to atm.Wayne Breslyn2024-02-18 | To convert 430 mmHg to atmospheres, you can use the conversion factor: 1 atmosphere (atm) is equal to 760 mmHg.
The conversion formula is: Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example: Pressure in atmospheres = 430 mmHg / 760
Calculating this: Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.566 atm
So, 430 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.566 atmospheres.
Essentially, you multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out, leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
Note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude, and the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level.Convert 420mmHg to atm.Wayne Breslyn2024-02-18 | To convert 420 mmHg to atmospheres, you can use the conversion factor: 1 atmosphere (atm) is equal to 760 mmHg.
The conversion formula is: Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example: Pressure in atmospheres = 420 mmHg / 760
Calculating this: Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.553 atm
So, 420 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.553 atmospheres.
Essentially, you multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out, leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
Note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude, and the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level.Convert 350mmHg to atm.Wayne Breslyn2024-02-18 | To convert 350 mmHg to atmospheres, you can use the conversion factor: 1 atmosphere (atm) is equal to 760 mmHg.
The conversion formula is: Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example: Pressure in atmospheres = 350 mmHg / 760
Calculating this: Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.461 atm
So, 350 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.461 atmospheres.
Essentially, you multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out, leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
Note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude, and the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level.Convert 340mmHg to atm.Wayne Breslyn2024-02-18 | To convert 340 mmHg to atmospheres, you can use the conversion factor: 1 atmosphere (atm) is equal to 760 mmHg.
The conversion formula is: Pressure in atmospheres (atm) = Pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) / 760
For your specific example: Pressure in atmospheres = 340 mmHg / 760
Calculating this: Pressure in atmospheres is approximately 0.447 atm
So, 340 mmHg is approximately equal to 0.447 atmospheres.
Essentially, you multiply the mmHg given by the conversion factor 1 atm/760 mmHg. The units mmHg cancel out, leaving atm, which is what we are trying to find.
Note that atmospheric pressure varies with altitude, and the conversion factor may not be accurate at locations significantly above or below sea level.