ATP synthase - the world's tiniest motor

CMIcreationstation^{📤 7 years ago 2011-07-21}

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ATP synthase is the world's tiniest motor. Spinning at up to 7000 RPM to manufacture ATP, the energy currency of the cell, it is a key requirement for life and it is powerful evidence against evolution.

Watch an animated video of ATP in action here:

Main article:
From Creation magazine 31(4) ATP Synthase

Related articles

• Design in living organisms (motors: ATP synthase)
• Fantastic voyage
• DNA repair enzyme
• Notable evolutionists retreating from empiricism to arguments from anology
• Can evolution produce new organs or structures?

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Richard Dawkins Destroying The Irreducible complexity Argument

Agatan Foundation^{📤 1 year ago 2017-09-24}

Richard Dawkins Destroying The Irreducible complexity Argument.
Irreducible complexity (IC) is the argument that certain biological systems cannot evolve by successive small modifications to pre-existing functional systems through natural selection. Irreducible complexity is central to the creationist concept of intelligent design, but it is rejected by the scientific community,[1] which regards intelligent design as pseudoscience.

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ATP synthase: Structure and Function

Stewart Lab^{📤 2 years ago 2016-04-14}

A short video describing F1Fo ATP synthase function.
We made this a couple of years ago for the late Richard Perham to explain ATP synthase function for the book he was co-authouring: Molecular Biology of Assemblies and Machines:
Visualisation was performed with an in house ray tracer / molecular modelling tool written by Callum Smits:

Was Noah’s Flood global? (Creation Magazine LIVE! 4-24)

CMIcreationstation^{📤 3 years ago 2015-04-01}

Does it matter whether it was global or local? What does the scripture actually say? If it was a global flood, where’s the evidence for it? These and other questions are answered in this episode.

The Creation Magazine LIVE! TV program is a ministry of Creation Ministries International. With offices in seven countries and more PhD scientists than any Christian organization this program shows how the latest scientific discoveries support the Bible and refute evolution and million of years.

Related Articles:
Why is origins important? (Creation Magazine LIVE! 3-18) ( )
Tracing the nations back to Babel (Creation Magazine LIVE! 3-12) ( )
Noah’s Flood Q&A page ( )
Genesis Verse-by-Verse ( )

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ATP & Respiration: Crash Course Biology #7

CrashCourse^{📤 6 years ago 2012-03-12}

In which Hank does some push ups for science and describes the "economy" of cellular respiration and the various processes whereby our bodies create energy in the form of ATP.

Crash Course Biology is now available on DVD!

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Special thanks go to Stafford Fitness (staffordfitness.net) for allowing us to shoot the gym scenes in their facilities.

This video uses sounds from Freesound.org, a list of which can be found, along with the CITATIONS for this episode, in the Google Document here:

Table of Contents:
1) Cellular Respiration 01:00
2) Adenosine Triphosphate 01:29
3) Glycolysis 4:13
A) Pyruvate Molecules 5:00
B) Anaerobic Respiration/Fermentation 5:33
C) Aerobic Respiration 6:45
4) Krebs Cycle 7:06
A) Acetyl COA 7:38
B) Oxaloacetic Acid 8:21
C) Biolography: Hans Krebs 8:37
D) NAD/FAD 9:48
5) Electron Transport Chain 10:55
6) Check the Math 12:33

TAGS: crashcourse, biology, science, chemistry, energy, atp, adenosine triphosphate, cellular respiration, glucose, adp, hydrolysis, glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain, fermentation, lactic acid, enzyme, hans krebs, citric acid, ATP synthase Support CrashCourse on Subbable:

World's Smallest running v8 engine

James Peter^{📤 8 years ago 2010-08-29}

Worlds smallest running v8 hand started small v8 engine.

Ciencia - Nanotecnologia

juagardia^{📤 8 years ago 2009-11-20}

Impresionantes avanzes tecnologicos a nivel molecular, nanotecnologias necesarias para un futuro viaje a Marte. Micromaquinas y energia.
Extraido del documental Odissea (Ciencia, Tecnologia y Salud - Nanotecnologia y Viaje a Marte)

Running : Comment faire les étirements avant le footing ? Sport

Pratiks^{📤 7 years ago 2010-10-21}

Sport - running - Course à pieds Running
Olivier, prof de sport et coach sportif chez Sun City Sport à Clichy, nous montre et explique en vidéo et par étapes, quels sont les étirements à faire avant d'aller courir un footing., Vous verrez comment bien faire ses étirements avant de courir un jogging ou running.

La course à pied est très seine à condition de pratiquer cet exercice intelligemment en prenant bien soin de faire des étirements avant et après l'exercice, tant pour éviter les accidents musculaires pendant l'exercice que pour éviter les courbatures. Nous verrons l'étirement des quadriceps, les rotations de buste, la simulation du footing et les auto-grandissements.Avant le jogging : les étirements.

Retrouvez des milliers d'autres vidéos pour tout faire sur

Kawasaki 48 Cylinder Runs!

kawapowa^{📤 10 years ago 2008-06-22}

Quick clip of the Worlds largest multi Cylinder Motorcycle, this 48 cylinder bike was built by my pal Simon Whitelock - here it is at the Triples Rally in 2004 - it is actually 49 cylinder as the initial sound is of the single cylinder starter engine

fantastic vesicle traffic

DvonWangenheim^{📤 9 years ago 2009-04-11}

The miracle of life relies in its cells.
The root hair is one of the fastest growing cells in the plant. To allow this rapid growth, continuous delivery of membrane and cell wall material to the growing tip of the hair cell is required. A component part of this material is protein, which is synthesized by ribosomes along the Endoplasmic Reticulum, modified in the Golgi apparatus and packaged into vesicles. The vesicles are finally delivered to the plasma membrane by motor proteins along the cytoskeleton. How do vesicles find their target membranes? The specificity of target recognition is mediated by the interaction of v-SNARE proteins on the vesicle surface with t-SNARE proteins on the target membrane. Among others, small G-proteins regulate this process. One group of small G-proteins is the so-called RabGTPases.
To visualize the distribution of such RabGTPase proteins within the cell, they are tagged with the Green Fluorescent Protein. The video shows the germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds, zooming in on the root hairs, which display movement of fluorescent vesicles through the cytoplasm, and finally one can see an animation of myosin VI motor proteins dragging the fluorescently marked vesicles along actin filaments.

Video: Daniel von Wangenheim
Music: Thomas Marey
The Scientist: Tobias Berson

This video is part of the videocontest at

A Metabolic Poison: How Cyanide Disrupts ATP Synthesis

Blair Lyons^{📤 6 years ago 2012-04-08}

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Cells harvest usable energy from food using organelles called mitochondria. Inside the mitochondrion, there is a highly folded membrane that contains the electron transport chain. As high energy electrons from food are passed down the chain, protons are pumped out of the membrane. These protons flow back through a molecular machine called ATP synthase to make ATP and power the cell. Cyanide is a very deadly poison because it interferes with this process, which is essential for human life.

Oxidative Phosphorylation in Plain English

OxiPhosphory^{📤 7 years ago 2010-11-29}

Honors MB 351 Project. Ben Lyles, Ginny Zimmerman, Sneha Patel

Big Bang and the Bible (Creation Magazine LIVE! 7-08)

CMIcreationstation^{📤 6 months ago 2018-04-11}

Major scientific problems with the Big Bang are explained along with its incompatibility with Scripture!

Related Articles:
Big bang beliefs: busted ( )
‘Light from the big bang’ casts no shadows ( )
Bye-bye, big bang? ( )
Secular scientists blast the big bang ( )

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ATP Synthase: The power plant of the cell

DiscoveryScienceNews^{📤 5 years ago 2013-01-14}

The Intelligent Design of Molecular Machines in the Cell:
ATP Synthase is a molecular machine found in many living organisms. It serves as a miniature power-generator, producing an energy-carrying molecule, adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. The ATP synthase machine has many parts we recognize from human-designed technology, including a rotor, a stator, a camshaft or driveshaft, and other basic components of a rotary engine. This machine is just the final step in a long and complex metabolic pathway involving numerous enzymes and other molecules—all so the cell can produce ATP to power biochemical reactions, and provide energy for other molecular machines in the cell.

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The Smallest RC Engine In The WORLD!

joehandsome99^{📤 6 years ago 2012-03-04}

I met Ronald Valentine recently and he says he makes the smallest combustion engines in the world. I am not the expert here, but I must say he holds the title so far as I can see. His smallest engine is less than the size of an American quarter coin and I am really impressed.

You can visit Ronald's website and make your own decision, but from my view he has made some really fine engines.

To view the smallest RC engines in the world then visit Ronald's website here.

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Thanks,
Eric Jordon

This video was edited using Movie Edit Pro MX. I use MEP to edit all my videos. You can download a free trial version at this link.

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"Feelin Good" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)

Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)

ndsuvirtualcell^{📤 10 years ago 2008-03-03}

NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)'. For more information please see

Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and provides both animals and plants with the energy needed to power other cellular processes. This section covers the electron transport chain.

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

Khan Academy^{📤 8 years ago 2009-12-08}

Introduction to ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate

ATP synthase: represented through human movement

Benskian^{📤 3 years ago 2015-03-24}

How do you convey to someone the structure and function of a complex membrane motor protein? My friends and I got together one Saturday to do find out how ... by using our body movement, we have tried to convey how ATP synthase uses the kinetic energy established by a hydrogen ion gradient to create chemical potential energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which can be utilised for other biological reactions.

Music: "Smoking Blue Midi" by The Flashbulb

Photosynthetic Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis

Ryan L^{📤 5 years ago 2013-04-07}

Powering the Cell: Mitochondria

XVIVO Scientific Animation^{📤 8 years ago 2010-10-04}

Together Harvard University and XVIVO developed this 3D animation journey for Harvard's undergraduate Molecular and Cellular Biology students about the microscopic world of mitochondria. The animation highlights the creation of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) -- mobile molecules which store chemical energy derived from the breakdown of carbon-based food. ATP molecules act as a kind of currency, imparting chemical energy to power all the functional components of cellular activity. This piece is the second in a series of award winning animations XVIVO is creating for Harvard's educational website BioVisions at Harvard. The first program, Inner Life of the Cell, received international acclaim and can be seen both on our website and the BioVisions site.

F1 ATP synthase

F1ATPase^{📤 11 years ago 2007-05-20}

Credit: Dr. John E. Walker, Medical Research Council, Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, UK.

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

Bozeman Science^{📤 5 years ago 2013-03-17}

Paul Andersen explains the structure, function and importance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). He begins by describing the specific structure of the molecule and its three main parts: adenine, ribose sugar, and phosphate groups. He explains how energy can be stored in ATP and released through hydrolysis to ADP and Pi. He shows how the molecule is created in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. He also explains how it is used throughout the cell. He finishes with a brief discussion of LUCA and how elements of ATP can be found in other parts of the cell (including RNA, DNA).

Intro Music Atribution
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound:
Creative Commons Atribution License

All images are either Public Domain or Creative Commons Attribution Licenses:
Alex.X. Using 1QO1 as Framework to Combine 1C17(FO) and 1E79(F1. PyMOL Was Used for Rendering., January 15, 2007. enWiki (PDB.org for coordinate). .
Boumphreyfr. English: Loading and Charging a tRNA Molecule with an Amino Acid Using aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase, June 1, 2009. Own work. .
Cyberpower678. English: This Is a Battery That Has Less Than 51% but More Than 33%., July 7, 2012. Own work. .
"File:D-glucose-chain-3D-balls.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 9, 2013. .
"File:Peptide Syn.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 9, 2013. .
"File:Querbrückenzyklus 1.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 9, 2013. .
"File:Scheme Sodium-potassium Pump-en.svg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 9, 2013. .
"File:Tree of Life SVG.svg." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 8, 2013. .
"File:TRNA-Phe Yeast 1ehz.png." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed March 9, 2013. .
Foresman, Pearson Scott. Line Art Representation of a w:Spring, [object HTMLTableCellElement]. Pearson Scott Foresman, donated to the Wikimedia Foundation. (PSF).svg.
Jynto. Ball-and-stick Model of the Adenosine Triphosphate Molecule, Also Known as ATP, the Nucleotide That Functions as the Primary Energy Carrier in Cells, Often Called the "Molecular Unit of Currency". This Image Shows the Electrically Neutral Form., June 5, 2011. Own work This chemical image was created with Discovery Studio Visualizer. .
———. Space-filling Model of the Adenosine Diphosphate Molecule, Also Known as ADP, a Nucleotide Used to Make ATP, and Is the By-product When It Is "Burned". This Image Shows the Anionic (negatively Charged) Form., June 5, 2011. Own work This chemical image was created with Discovery Studio Visualizer. .
———. Space-filling Model of the Adenosine Triphosphate Molecule, Also Known as ATP, the Nucleotide That Functions as the Primary Energy Carrier in Cells, Often Called the "Molecular Unit of Currency". This Image Shows the Anionic (negatively Charged) Form., June 5, 2011. Own work This chemical image was created with Discovery Studio Visualizer. .
———. Space-filling Model of the Adenosine Triphosphate Molecule, Also Known as ATP, the Nucleotide That Functions as the Primary Energy Carrier in Cells, Often Called the "Molecular Unit of Currency". This Image Shows the Anionic (negatively Charged) Form., June 5, 2011. Own work This chemical image was created with Discovery Studio Visualizer. .
LadyofHats. English: A Diagram Showing a Mitochondrion of the Eukaryotic Cell. Mitochondria Are Organelles Surrounded by Membranes, Distributed in the Cytosol of Most Eukaryotic Cells. Its Main Function Is the Conversion of Potential Energy of Pyruvate Molecules into ATP. Português:, March 7, 2013. .
Sponk. Deutsch: Verknüpfung Der Nukleinbasen C, G, A Und T Mit Dem Desoxyribosephosphat-Rückgrat Der DNA, March 25, 2010. Own work. .
———. Deutsch: Verknüpfung Der Nukleinbasen C, G, A Und U Mit Dem Ribosephosphat-Rückgrat Der RNA, March 25, 2010. Own work. .

The ATP Synthase Enzyme

Creation Ministries International^{📤 8 years ago 2010-03-11}

This animated sequence shows the ATP Synthase enzyme in operation. The animation is based on an incredible series of scientific discoveries. Only the colours show artistic licence.

ATP, or Adenosine Tri-Phosphate, is the energy currency of the cell. ATP is produced by a tiny molecular rotary motor, rotating at up to 7,000 rpm. These are so small that 100,000 would fit side-by-side in a millimetre. A current of protons drives the motor, unlike man-made electric motors, which use electrons.

This portion of the enzyme is where Adenosine Di-Phosphate is combined with a phosphate ion, in the presence of a catalyst to produce ATP which is then released, making way for the next cycle. A top view of the enzyme shows the sequential operation. Almost every bio-chemical process in your body requires ATP.

Such a nano-machine exhibits all the characteristics of super-intelligent design. ATP is vital for life and many of these motors were needed before the first living cell could exist. An evolutionary impossibility!

Related Articles:
Design in living organisms (motors: ATP synthase):
ATP synthase: majestic molecular machine made by a mastermind:
Is ATP synthase found in all life?:

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What Darwin Couldn't Know tract -
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Mechanism of ATP Synthase

AK LECTURES^{📤 3 years ago 2015-06-10}

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Biology Lecture - 42 - Creating ATP with ATP Synthase

thenewboston^{📤 6 years ago 2012-09-22}

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100 Reasons Why Evolution Is STUPID! - Kent Hovind Christian Creationist

Kerrigan Skelly^{📤 6 years ago 2011-11-26}

A video of Kent Hovind from Creation Science Evangelism giving us 100 reason why Evolution is Stupid! This is for your viewing pleasure only. No commenting on this video.

We don't agree with everything, when it comes to doctrine, with Dr. Hovind. More specifically, we don't agree with original sin, sinful nature and once saved, always saved. Here are some resources regarding those:

Sinful Nature/Original Sin-

OSAS-

ATP Synthase working model

LDogSmiles^{📤 6 years ago 2012-01-22}

This is a functioning model of ATP Synthase, found in the mitochondria of cells. The top half rotates, picking up and dropping off marbles. This turns the protein subunit that acts like a shaft which causes conformational changes in the bottom portion of the molecule. These changes bring the ADP molecule and the phosphate group together to form ATP. The marbles represent hydrogen ions.

Gradients (ATP Synthases)

ndsuvirtualcell^{📤 10 years ago 2008-03-03}

NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Gradients (ATP Synthase)'. For more information please see

Gradients are used to create energy that can power biological cyles. ATP synthase is powered by a hydrogen gradient, located in the mitochondria. This section covers the action of this specific gradient.

Fibonacci Sequence Documentary - Golden Section Explained - Secret Teachings

Proper Gander^{📤 2 years ago 2016-01-26}

Fibonacci Sequence Documentary, Golden Section Explained - Secret Teachings

The Fibonacci spiral is named after Italian mathematician Fibonacci. His 1202 book Liber Abaci introduced the sequence to Western European mathematics, although the sequence had been described earlier as Virahanka numbers in Indian mathematics. By modern convention, the sequence begins either with F0 = 0 or with F1 = 1. The sequence described in Liber Abaci began with F1 = 1.

Fibonacci numbers are closely related to Lucas numbers. They are intimately connected with the golden ratio or golden mean; for example, the closest rational approximations to the ratio are 2/1, 3/2, 5/3, 8/5, ...

Fibonacci numbers appear unexpectedly often in mathematics, so much so that there is an entire journal dedicated to their study, the Fibonacci Quarterly. Applications of Fibonacci numbers include computer algorithms such as the Fibonacci search technique and the Fibonacci heap data structure, and graphs called Fibonacci cubes used for interconnecting parallel and distributed systems. They also appear in biological settings, such as branching in trees, phyllotaxis (the arrangement of leaves on a stem), the fruit sprouts of a pineapple, the flowering of an artichoke, an uncurling fern and the arrangement of a pine cone's bracts. This movie also deals with the magical applications of the sequence, the pentagram or pentacle being a Fibonacci spiral borrowed directly from nature, and also many practical applications and mathematical ideas.

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Fifteen Uncanny Examples of the Golden Ratio in Nature -

As always, use this info to gather more info.

ATP Synthase

Dr.G.Bhanu Prakash - Medical Animations^{📤 6 years ago 2012-08-28}

Subunit composition of the ATP synthase

There are minor differences between bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts in some of the smaller subunits, which leads to a confusing nomenclature. The simplest system is that from E. coli. The ATP synthase can be dissociated into two fractions by relatively mild salt treatments.
A soluble portion, the F1 ATP-ase, contains 5 subunits, in a stoichiometry of 3a:3b:1g:1d:1e. Three substrate binding sites are in the b-subunits. Additional adenine nucleotide binding site in the a-subunits are regulatory. The F1 portion catalyzes ATP hydrolysis, but not ATP-synthesis.

Dissociation of the the F1 ATP-ase from the membranes of bacteria or organelles leaves behind a membrane embedded portion called FO. This consists (in E. coli) of three subunits a, b and c, with relative stoichiometries of 1:2:9-12. The c-subunit is very hydrophobic, and forms a helix turn helix structure which spans the membrane twice, with a hydrophilic loop on the side of attachment of F1. There is a conserved acidic residue half-way across the membrane in the C-terminal helix.

After dissociation, the membranes are permeable to protons. The proton leak can be stopped by addition of inhibitors, which are also inhibitors of ATP synthesis in the functional complex. Two "classical" inhibtors are commonly used. Oligomycin binds at the interface between Fo and F1; dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) binds covalently to the conserved acidic residue in the c-subunit of Fo. One DCCD per ATP-ase is sufficient to block turn-over, suggesting a cooperative mechanism. The action of these inhibitors indicates that the proton permeability of the Fo is a part of its functional mechanism.

The proton leak can be plugged, and a functional ATP synthase can be reconstituted, by adding back the F1 portion to membranes containing the Fo portion.

The ATP synthase enzymes have been remarkably conserved through evolution. The bacterial enzymes are essentially the same in structure and function as those from mitochondria of animals, plants and fungi, and the chloroplasts of plants. The early ancestory of the enzyme is seen in the fact that the Archaea have an enzyme which is clearly closely related, but has significant differences from the Eubacterial branch. The H+-ATP-ase found in vacuoles of the eukaryote cell cytoplasm is similar to the archaeal enzyme, and is thought to reflect the origin from an archaeal ancestor.
In most systems, the ATP synthase sits in the membrane (the "coupling" membrane), and catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate driven by a flux of protons across the membrane down the proton gradient generated by electron transfer. The flux goes from the protochemically positive (P) side (high proton electrochemical potential) to the protochemically negative (N) side. The reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is fully reversible, so ATP hydrolysis generates a proton gradient by a reversal of this flux. In some bacteria, the main function is to operate in the ATP hydrolysis direction, using ATP generated by fermentative metabolism to provide a proton gradient to drive substrate accumulation, and maintain ionic balance.

Kinesin Transport Protein

DarwinsLobster^{📤 11 years ago 2007-10-05}

***From Wikipedia***

Function

In the cell, small molecules such as gases and glucose diffuse to where they are needed. Large molecules synthesized in the cell body, intracellular components such as vesicles, and organelles such as mitochondria are too large (and the cytosol too crowded) to diffuse to their destinations. Most kinesins transport such cargo about the cell by walking unidirectionally along microtubule tracks hydrolysing one molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at each step. It was thought that ATP hydrolysis powered the kinesin walk but it now seems that the force of binding to the microtubule is what pulls the cargo along while the binding of ATP assists the direction of motion.

Structure

The typical kinesin is a protein dimer consisting of two heavy chains and two light chains. The heavy chains comprise a globular head (the motor domain) connected via a short, flexible neck linker to the stalk - a long, central coiled-coil region - that ends in a tail region formed with a light-chain. The stalks intertwine to form the kinesin dimer. Cargo binds to the tail while the twin heads alternately bind the microtubule as the kinesin pulls the cargo along. The heads will hydrolyze 2 ATP molecules per step.

Polarity

Motor proteins travel in a specific direction along a microtubule. This is because the microtubule is polar, the heads only bind to the microtubule in one orientation, and ATP hydrolysis drives the molecule in one direction.

Most kinesins walk towards the positive end of a microtubule which, in most cells, entails transporting cargo from the centre of the cell towards the periphery. This form of transport is known as anterograde transport.

Some kinesins {EG5}, and a different type of motor protein known as dyneins, move towards the minus end of the microtubule. Thus they transport cargo from the periphery of the cell towards the centre. This is known as retrograde transport. These motors have a different morphology: their structure is such that they move in the opposite direction though the directional principle is the same as for the rest of the family.

Proposed mechanisms

Kinesin accomplishes transport by essentially "walking" along a microtubule. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain how this movement occurs.

* In the "hand-over-hand" mechanism, the kinesin heads step over one another, alternating the lead position.
* In the "inchworm" mechanism, one kinesin head always leads, moving forward a step before the trailing head catches up.

Despite some remaining controversy, mounting academic evidence points towards the symmetric inchworm mechanism as being more likely.

Asters and assembly

In recent years, it has been found that microtubule-based molecular motors (including a number of kinesins) have a role in mitosis (cell division). The mechanism by which the cytoskeleton of the daughter cell separates from that of the mother cell was unclear. It seems that motors organize the two separate microtubule asters into a metastable structure independent of any external positional cues. This self-organization is in turn dependent on the directionality of the motors as well as their processivity (ability to walk). Thus motors are necessary for the formation of the mitotic spindle assemblies that perform chromosome separation. Specifically, proteins from the Kinesin 13 family act as regulators of microtubule dynamics. The prototypical member of this family is MCAK (formerly Kif2C, XKCM1, Gene KIF2C) which acts at the ends of microtubule polymers to depolymerize them. The function of MCAK in cells and its mechanism in vitro is currently being investigated by numerous labs.

The Atheist's Nightmare: ATP Synthase (by Intelligent Faith 315)

IntelligentFaith315^{📤 5 years ago 2013-04-10}

Is it reasonable to think that an outboard propeller motor could come into existence, assemble itself in the proper order, and activate itself to begin functioning? According to what we know of Probability Theory, and even just our common sense, the answer is a resounding "NO!".

Now enter the design nightmare of any rational atheist or naturalist: the ATP Synthase. The ATP Synthase is the smallest Molecular Machine that we know of, and is very properly called a molecular motor, since it possesses many of the same mechanical parts and engineering.

The ATP Synthase operates within each Mitochondria, the power cell for each of your 30 trillion cells. Within each Mitochondria, hundreds upon hundreds of elegantly and efficiently designed ATP Synthases operate with breathtaking efficiency and relentless determination to keep you alive on a daily basis. They produce Adenosine Tri-Phophate (ATP) which your body uses up to it's own weight in, every day of your life. Cyanide poison is fatal instantly, precisely because it blocks the production of ATP for your body.

Without this nano-technological marvel of engineering and design, you would not be alive to read this information, and watch this video. This, of course, raises some obvious scientific questions:

1. WHAT IS THE NATURALISTIC EXPLANATION FOR A STEP-BY-STEP EVOLVING OF SUCH A MARVELOUS MOLECULAR MACHINE?

2. WHERE DID THE SPECIFIED INFORMATION COME FROM ON THE DNA MOLECULE THAT WAS THE BLUEPRINT FOR THE ATP SYNTHASE?

3. ARE WE TO BELIEVE THAT OUTBOARD MOTORS HAVE INTELLIGENT PERSONAL DESIGNERS, BUT NOT APPLY THE SAME SCIENTIFIC/LOGICAL REASONING TO THE ATP SYNTHASE, WHICH IS A MILLION TIMES SMALLER AND THOUSANDS OF TIMES MORE EFFICIENT.

I propose that to believe such a marvel of elegant and efficient engineering arose randomly, and by chance, is not only THE HEIGHT OF UNSCIENTIFIC REASONING, but also VIOLATES RATIONAL AND LOGICAL REASONING as well.

I don't have enough faith to be an Atheist or Naturalist. Not in the light of the ATP Synthase, and other Molecular Machines.

Irreducible Complexity? The Bacterial Flagellum

ric h^{📤 7 years ago 2010-10-20}

A clip from the NOVA production, "Judgment Day."

Lec 7 | MIT 7.014 Introductory Biology, Spring 2005

MIT OpenCourseWare^{📤 10 years ago 2008-02-08}

Biochemistry VI (Prof. Graham Walker)

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ATP synthase live.mpg

Sarah officinalis^{📤 6 years ago 2011-11-19}

تصوير بكاميرا دقيقة و سريعة جدا لدوران تحت الوحدة C ( الأسطوانة المتحركة C10 ) المحمولة على الجزء Fo لإنزيم ATP synthase .
ما يدور في الفيديو هو خيط الأكتين الموسوم و المرتبط ( تحت ظروف التجربة ) مع تحت الوحدة C.

ATP synthase - the world's tiniest motor