The Science Asylum
Faking Gravity in a Spaceship
updated
Watch this video ad-free on Nebula:
nebula.tv/videos/scienceasylum-the-equations-that-proved-einstein-wrong
Bonus Video (Nebula Exclusive):
nebula.tv/videos/scienceasylum-measuring-curvature-in-an-infinite-universe
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
What was the Big Bang?
youtu.be/SJ7h_ZpBkvM
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Sign-Up for Nebula:
go.nebula.tv/scienceasylum
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
scienceasylum.com/paperback
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
scienceasylum.com/ebook
Merchandise:
scienceasylum.com/store
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Joe K. Kim
Asylum Orderlies:
Chloë Joan López, Dhruv Singhal, James Smith, Joel Wolhendler, Medec Hurtz, Peter Engrav
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Dan Sullivan, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Matias Cveczilberg, Sheila Owen, William Hutchison
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Kevin MacLean, Rex_zane, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Cesar Moya, Christopher Bennett, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Fabio Manzini, Ishay Oz, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Li-Ce Hu, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, P. Patrick Tukkers, Qin Li, Ulrich, Vasile Coman, Zachary Milne
________________________________
SOURCES
Einstein's Papers:
https://einstein-annalen.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/related_texts/sitzungsberichte
Friedmann's Paper:
doi.org/10.1023/A:1026751225741
Einstein's Biggest Blunder:
arxiv.org/abs/1804.06768
________________________________
AFFILIATE LINKS TO BOOK SOURCES
"Spacetime and Geometry"
by Sean Carroll
amzn.to/3bLFLFm
"General Relativity"
by Robert Wald
amzn.to/3vREnrs
"Gravitation"
by Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler
amzn.to/3vSvQEz
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=SJ7h_ZpBkvM&lc=UgxTfK2fAIS9cYpNZWp4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=SJ7h_ZpBkvM&lc=Ugyv5uvFHbUnC-T4D314AaABAg.A2zx_zdVchvA2zzJKboF_B
youtube.com/watch?v=SJ7h_ZpBkvM&lc=Ugyv5uvFHbUnC-T4D314AaABAg.A2zx_zdVchvA35rpX1EHfM
youtube.com/watch?v=SJ7h_ZpBkvM&lc=Ugwod11O8lvPUPVhdHN4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=SJ7h_ZpBkvM&lc=UgycQgCT7esyKB3VCG54AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Einstein Portraits:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:08608_einstein_1916.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Einstein_1921_portrait2.jpg
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A294080
Hilbert Portrait:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hilbert.jpg
Friedmann Portrait:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aleksandr_Fridman.png
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Intro
00:17 Brief History of Cosmology
00:58 Friedmann Equations
03:24 Possible Futures of a Universe
06:05 Changes in the Scale Factor
09:51 Matter, Dark Matter, and Light
11:09 Dark Energy
12:41 Closing Thoughts
13:38 Featured Comment
Watch this video ad-free on Nebula:
nebula.tv/videos/scienceasylum-the-big-bang-as-simple-as-possible
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Element Origins:
youtu.be/lInXZ6I3u_I
Cosmic Distance Ladder:
youtu.be/zrpdwJNNskk
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Sign-Up for Nebula:
go.nebula.tv/scienceasylum
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Joe K. Kim
Asylum Orderlies:
Chloë Joan López, Dhruv Singhal, James Smith, Joel Wolhendler, Medec Hurtz, Peter Engrav
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Dan Sullivan, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Matias Cveczilberg, Sean K, Sheila Owen, William Hutchison
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rex_zane, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Cesar Moya, Christopher Bennett, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Ishay Oz, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Li-Ce Hu, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, P. Patrick Tukkers, Qin Li, Ulrich, Vasile Coman, Zachary Milne
________________________________
SOURCES
Sean Carroll GR Stuff:
preposterousuniverse.com/grnotes
arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9712019v1
Fred Hoyle Story:
nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00894-z
________________________________
AFFILIATE LINKS TO BOOK SOURCES
"Spacetime and Geometry"
by Sean Carroll
amzn.to/3bLFLFm
"General Relativity"
by Robert Wald
amzn.to/3vREnrs
"Gravitation"
by Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler
amzn.to/3vSvQEz
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=lInXZ6I3u_I&lc=UgwJDyWhDfYCqufgwIp4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=lInXZ6I3u_I&lc=UgxnfyJ5WwCJgLCQgaF4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=lInXZ6I3u_I&lc=UgxomraWefYp8zxc94h4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=lInXZ6I3u_I&lc=Ugy80y1h-IVthGiIxeR4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
NASA Big Bang:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12656
Microwave Background Map:
http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2013/03/Planck_CMB
Milky Way:
images.nasa.gov/details/PIA10748
Older Fred Hoyle:
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A297805
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Intro
00:20 Getting a Baseline
00:50 "Big Bang" Coined
02:02 Big Bang was NOT an Explosion
03:29 Expansion Analogies
04:18 The Primeval Atom
05:12 Where did the Big Bang happen?
06:00 Where is the center of the Universe?
06:35 The Many Edges of the Universe
08:46 Observable vs Entire Universe
11:07 Trouble with Edges
12:02 What does "Big Bang" mean?
13:14 Closing Thoughts
13:37 Featured Comment
Watch this video ad-free on Nebula:
nebula.tv/videos/scienceasylum-not-all-your-atoms-are-stardust
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Supernovas Explained:
youtu.be/IoWdgU_QYxA
Muons from Cosmic Rays:
youtu.be/1plELH0qXhE
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Sign-Up for Nebula:
go.nebula.tv/scienceasylum
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Joe K. Kim
Asylum Orderlies:
Chloë Joan López, Dhruv Singhal, James Smith, Joel Wolhendler, Medec Hurtz, Peter Engrav
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Dan Sullivan, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Matias Cveczilberg, Sean K, Sheila Owen, William Hutchison
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rex_zane, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Cesar Moya, Christopher Bennett, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Ishay Oz, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Li-Ce Hu, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, P. Patrick Tukkers, Qin Li, Stephanie Beach, Ulrich, Zachary Milne
________________________________
SOURCES
NASA Periodic Table of Origins:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13873
Scientific Papers:
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977ApJ...213..225L/abstract
arxiv.org/abs/1710.05450
arxiv.org/abs/1710.05843
arxiv.org/abs/1710.05858
arxiv.org/abs/1710.05843
arxiv.org/abs/1710.05841
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/375492
journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.28.53
Written for General Audience:
forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2020/05/25/this-is-where-the-10-most-common-elements-in-the-universe-come-from
https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/ligo-and-virgo-make-first-detection-gravitational-waves-produced-colliding-neutron-stars-80082
blog.sdss.org/2017/01/09/origin-of-the-elements-in-the-solar-system
https://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/ryden.1/ast162_5/notes21.html
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
Floating Questions:
youtube.com/watch?v=IoWdgU_QYxA&lc=UgxbvTdrD251o6xi4HN4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=IoWdgU_QYxA&lc=Ugx6_uMQ7C6Kfuq4ls14AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=IoWdgU_QYxA&lc=UgwxGvAWo1T1SmYUqT94AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=IoWdgU_QYxA&lc=UgynPZj8VoEnZqrSg1p4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=IoWdgU_QYxA&lc=UgzYgFcPe4gj6N2t3q94AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=IoWdgU_QYxA&lc=Ugw0fOMUjlKn7XyiZSl4AaABAg
End Screen Comment:
youtube.com/watch?v=IoWdgU_QYxA&lc=UgwVnOdfXV9ivqPYdI14AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Supernova:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13578
Neutron Star Merger:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12740
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14209
LIGO Stuff:
https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/image/ligo20211107a
ligo.org/science/Publication-GW170817GRB
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Intro
00:58 The Big Bang
02:39 Fusion in Stars
04:44 Supernovas
06:30 Abundancy
08:37 Cosmic Rays
11:54 Neutron Capture
14:09 Neutron Star Mergers
17:33 Summary
19:13 Featured Comment
19:33 Surprise Surprise!
Watch this video ad-free on Nebula:
nebula.tv/videos/scienceasylum-how-do-massive-stars-end-their-existence
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
The Sun and Quantum Tunneling:
youtu.be/lQapfUcf4Do
Life Cycle of the Sun:
youtu.be/GltTRdM1RW4
Tachyons Explained:
youtu.be/K_oxeG6LMO0
nebula.tv/videos/scienceasylum-the-problem-with-faster-than-light-particles-tachyons-explained
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Sign-Up for Nebula:
go.nebula.tv/scienceasylum
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Joe K. Kim
Asylum Orderlies:
Chloë Joan López, Dhruv Singhal, James Smith, Joel Wolhendler, Medec Hurtz, Peter Engrav
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Dan Sullivan, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Matias Cveczilberg, Sean K, Sheila Owen, William Hutchison
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rex_zane, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Cesar Moya, Christopher Bennett, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Ishay Oz, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Li-Ce Hu, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, P. Patrick Tukkers, Qin Li, Stephanie Beach, Ulrich, Zachary Milne
________________________________
SOURCES
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/NucEne/nucbin2.html
pubs.aip.org/aapt/ajp/article-abstract/63/7/653/593789/The-atomic-nuclide-with-the-highest-mean-binding
https://www.whoi.edu/cms/files/dfino/2005/6/Notes02_3263.pdf
https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1960ApJ...132..565H
journals.aps.org/rmp/abstract/10.1103/RevModPhys.29.547
solarsystem.nasa.gov/genesismission/gm2/mission/pdf/Giantstars.pdf
https://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/m/main+sequence+lifetime
arxiv.org/abs/1004.2318
web.archive.org/web/20150506032339/http://www2.astro.psu.edu/users/rbc/a534/lec26.pdf
________________________________
AFFILIATE LINKS TO BOOK SOURCES
"Physics, Formation and Evolution of Rotating Stars"
by Andre Maeder
amzn.to/3TrdJBU
"An Introduction to Stellar Astrophysics"
by Francis LeBlanc
amzn.to/48JnOyy
"Advanced Stellar Astrophysics"
by William K. Rose
amzn.to/4a0pZij
"Structure and Evolution of Single and Binary Stars"
by C. de Loore & C. Doom
amzn.to/4c58dvY
"Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis"
by Sean G. Ryan & Andrew J. Norton
amzn.to/48SPjG8
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=K_oxeG6LMO0&lc=Ugx73Id7MWje-noneol4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=K_oxeG6LMO0&lc=Ugxvvak5IslSDOKNIlZ4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=K_oxeG6LMO0&lc=Ugxv21W7zw9T1CeMnsd4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=K_oxeG6LMO0&lc=UgwAhRrHNTYfBY0Ku_l4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Supernova Explosion:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13578
Ring Nebula:
nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/messier-57-the-ring-nebula
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Intro
00:29 Which stars end with a supernova?
02:08 Stellar Core Structure
03:50 Nuclear Binding Energy
05:55 Exothermic vs Endothermic Fusion
06:26 The Final Moments
07:36 Photodisintegration
08:16 Why a supernova though?
09:36 Supporter Shoutouts
09:54 Featured Comment
10:13 Surprise Surprise!
Watch this video ad-free on Nebula:
nebula.tv/videos/scienceasylum-the-problem-with-faster-than-light-particles-tachyons-explained
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
4-Velocity:
youtu.be/fB8eatgkOyM
Speed of Light:
youtu.be/vPi1lyAx4ws
What if YOU were made of Light?
youtu.be/HU6t8QvGZmA
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Isaac Arthur on Tachyons:
youtu.be/-CgxuW203fk
ScienceVerse on Tachyons:
youtu.be/Eu1a9zXyswc
youtu.be/N2rr8aRmdcA
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Sign-Up for Nebula:
go.nebula.tv/scienceasylum
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Richard Senegor
Asylum Orderlies:
Chloë Joan López, Dhruv Singhal, James Smith, Joel Wolhendler, Medec Hurtz, Peter Engrav
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Matias Cveczilberg, Sean K, Sheila Owen, YouTubeviewer2014
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Dan Sullivan, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rex_zane, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Cesar Moya, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Ishay Oz, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Li-Ce Hu, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, P. Patrick Tukkers, Stephanie Beach, Zachary Milne
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=fB8eatgkOyM&lc=UgyIoZUZUr7dArLrQOJ4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=fB8eatgkOyM&lc=UgzrdheIBnE2gkrG-jd4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=fB8eatgkOyM&lc=UgyRimErpmBFLwwSRa54AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=fB8eatgkOyM&lc=Ugy218lJoFHsPpTh9Cx4AaABAg
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Intro
00:43 What is a Tachyon?
01:27 What Everyone Gets Wrong
02:28 Spacetime Basics
03:24 Velocity Angles
04:18 Infinite Speed
05:15 How to Time Travel
06:28 Spacetime Distortion
07:23 Causality isn't Broken
07:54 More Weird Stuff
08:20 Tachyons are Imaginary
08:51 Outro
09:31 Featured Comment
________________________________
Corrections:
00:56 "Lux" is actually Latin, not Greek. Oops! My bad.
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Planetary Rings:
youtu.be/I7RM-2RUhwk
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Intro
00:14 Change 1
02:13 Change 2
03:07 Change 3
04:11 Outro
The speed you know is only your spatial speed, but you also have a speed through time. The two together make something called a 4-velocity and its size is always the speed of light.
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Speed of Light is Infinite:
youtu.be/vPi1lyAx4ws
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
ScienceClic on 4-Velocity:
youtu.be/au0QJYISe4c
PBS Space Time on 4-Velocity:
youtu.be/P4rW_pPbD-U
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K, YouTubeviewer2014
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier
________________________________
ADDITIONAL READING
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Relativ/vec4.html
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=tgenS5vxe4M&lc=UgzXy13eBX1RwzZTOlN4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=tgenS5vxe4M&lc=UgzqaJaN9oy8aUr329x4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=tgenS5vxe4M&lc=UgwDxyd-R8e2z5_b03B4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=tgenS5vxe4M&lc=Ugya8tB2hU7E6ErmN0x4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Rene Descartes:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:37 Introduction
00:48 3D Velocity
01:31 What is a Tangent?
02:12 What is Speed?
02:46 Coordinate System
03:47 4D Spacetime
04:18 4-Velocity is just like 3-Velocity
04:57 Mathematical Definition
05:43 The 2 Points of View
06:23 Intuition
07:24 What about Photons?
08:08 Summary
08:26 Sponsor Message
09:48 Outro
09:54 Featured Comment
The Equivalence Principle is considered the major turning point in our understanding of gravity (General Relativity). But, if you think about it for more than a second, it doesn't hold up. Why is it so important if it isn't true?
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer
Em Lucid - Producer
Viki Lewis - Editor
Mikaila Blackburn - Animator
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K, YouTubeviewer2014
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier
________________________________
SOURCES
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Relativ/grel.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar_eclipses_in_the_20th_century
britannica.com/story/the-solar-eclipse-that-made-albert-einstein-a-science-celebrity
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=zrpdwJNNskk&lc=UgzM-_X6Xl9fqMCZ0Xl4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=zrpdwJNNskk&lc=UgxX0fh9PisCmuevQKd4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=zrpdwJNNskk&lc=Ugxe38QjtLk44RpSDg54AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=zrpdwJNNskk&lc=Ugy7lGzT4n3nXGVfTtd4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Eclipses:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HowardRussellButlerEclipse.JPG
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1919_eclipse_positive.jpg
People:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:08608_einstein_1916.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:David_Hilbert_postcard.png
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:23 What is the Equivalence Principle?
02:01 What if weight doesn't exist?
03:01 Thought Experiment 1
03:36 Thought Experiment 2
04:11 Thought Experiment 3
04:37 Uniform Gravitational Fields
05:34 Why does the Equivalence Principle exist?
06:21 Solar Eclipse Experiment
07:28 Summary
08:03 Nebula Ad
09:21 Featured Comments
Then watch my next video early: nebula.tv/videos/scienceasylum-this-important-principle-is-always-explained-wrong
We can't measure the distance to astronomical objects directly, so we have to be creative. That's why we need the cosmic distance ladder. It's a serious of techniques we use to calculate astronomical distances indirectly.
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
Nora Bailey - Researcher, Fact-Checker
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Black Hole Misconceptions:
youtu.be/JAUObgaGnNI
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
SciShow Space on Distance Ladder:
youtu.be/rV-Z6jk9Fkw
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K, YouTubeviewer2014
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, LT Marshall, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallaghe, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier
________________________________
SOURCES
Radar Ranging:
doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(73)90002-X
ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/scienceContributions/lunar.html
Parallax:
doi.org/10.1167/9.1.10
https://sci.esa.int/web/gaia/-/53278-measuring-stellar-distances-by-parallax
https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Gaia/Gaia_factsheet.
doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/aacb21
Cepheid Variables:
http://astro.wku.edu/labs/m100/PLrelation.html
https://www.atnf.csiro.au/outreach/education/senior/astrophysics/variable_cepheids.html
doi.org/10.17226/9585
doi.org/10.1086/126870
Type 1a Supernovas:
arxiv.org/abs/0705.0726
doi.org/10.1086/186970
doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.30.090192.002043
arxiv.org/abs/1608.04192
Cosmological:
https://astro.ucla.edu/~wright/CosmoCalc.html
arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9905116
doi.org/10.1093/astrogeo/aty268
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ac9b22
arxiv.org/abs/2208.13642
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=RFXFevguldQ&lc=UgyurT3TBd7MqFgtvNh4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=RFXFevguldQ&lc=Ugwr83-b5STb9r8baVh4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=RFXFevguldQ&lc=UgyrZEuxWhBij4PDqzF4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=RFXFevguldQ&lc=Ugz4R9pNEJgGsiJ8lLJ4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Apollo Retrorefector:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Apollo_11_Lunar_Laser_Ranging_Experiment.jpg
nasa.gov/image-article/retroreflectors-from-apollo-mars
Deep Field Flythrough:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31035
Gaia Animation:
https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Videos/2019/10/Gaia_astronomical_revolution
Milky Way (Artist Rendition):
images.nasa.gov/details/PIA10748
Type 1a Supernova:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13852
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Record-breaking_supernova_in_the_CANDELS_Ultra_Deep_Survey.jpg
Barred Spiral Galaxy (NGC 1300):
images.nasa.gov/details/GSFC_20171208_Archive_e002154
Redshift Cube:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14105
Redshift Zoom:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14301
Galaxy GLASS-z12:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NASA-GLASS-z13-Closeup-JWST-20220722.jpg
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:22 Introduction
02:05 Radar Ranging
04:17 Inverse Square Law
04:57 Stellar Parallax
08:46 Standard Candles
10:58 Cepheid Variable Stars
12:58 Type 1a Supernovas
15:15 Cosmological Redshift
18:37 Summary
19:44 Nebula Ad
20:52 Outro
21:05 Featured Comment
Then watch me in a D&D game: nebula.tv/videos/neurotransmissions-a-therapeutic-dungeons-dragons-oneshot?ref=scienceasylum
The James Webb Space Telescope, or JWST, is the greatest telescope ever constructed. But between ballooning budgets, a decade and a half of launch delays, and a huge controversy over the name; getting this thing into space was a nightmare.
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
Thanks to Mr. Beat for the cameo:
youtube.com/@iammrbeat
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Lagrange Points:
youtu.be/TryOFDe2K7M
"Bowling Ball in a Boat" Paradox:
youtu.be/MY-tCL7ORxs
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Real Engineering on JWST:
youtu.be/aICaAEXDJQQ
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K, YouTubeviewer2014
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, LT Marshall, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Christopher Bennett, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier
________________________________
SOURCES
NASA's Report on James Webb:
nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/nasa_historical_investigation_james_webb_0.pdf
JWST History:
https://www.stsci.edu/files/live/sites/www/files/home/hst/documentation/_documents/NextGenerationSpaceTelescope.pdf
https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/about-jwst/history
webbtelescope.org/news/milestones/mission-timeline
planetary.org/articles/cost-of-the-jwst
gao.gov/products/gao-18-273
James Webb History:
en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_E._Webb&oldid=427970219
hmoluseyi.medium.com/was-nasas-historic-leader-james-webb-a-bigot-131c821d5f12
thestranger.com/blogs/2015/01/21/21510326/should-nasa-name-a-telescope-after-a-dead-guy-who-persecuted-gay-people-in-the-1950s
web.archive.org/web/20150614012201/forbes.com/sites/matthewfrancis/2015/06/11/the-problem-with-naming-observatories-for-bigots
google.com/books/edition/Toward_Stonewall/foG86j3QEWgC?hl=en&gbpv=1
https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/executive-order-9835-prescribing-procedures-for-the-administration-employees-loyalty
https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/executive-order-10450-security-requirements-for-government-employment
casemine.com/judgement/us/5e787d2d4653d0631857c2df
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=MY-tCL7ORxs&lc=UgwBHOZnHOamqGTz3Qd4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images
Space Images:
nasa.gov/content/hubbles-mirror-flaw
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31186
JWST B-Roll and Simulations:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13521
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20358
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14016
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13375
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14381
nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2017/james-webb-space-telescope-mirror-seen-in-full-bloom
Space Race Clips:
youtu.be/ZV80aC9V97w
youtu.be/_d-q1Te1IuY
youtu.be/dw7CeN1xvIQ
People:
Wikimedia Commons, Library of Congress, whitehouse.gov, and Getty Images
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:39 Brainstorming JWST
02:06 Budget Problems
03:44 Launch Delays
05:03 Named after James Webb
05:33 Inflammatory Quote
06:13 Origin of Misinformation
07:22 Mr. Beat on the State Department
09:02 James Webb as the Deputy Secretary
09:49 The Lavender Scare
11:30 James Webb's Involvement
12:25 Executive Order 10450
13:06 Summary
13:55 Nebula Ad
14:15 Outro
15:24 Featured Comment
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Black Hole Optics:
youtu.be/R2YsF47BMvY
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Physics Girl on the Bowling Ball Problem:
youtu.be/nVT1c0tr8NE
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K, YouTubeviewer2014
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, LT Marshall, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Christopher Bennett, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier
________________________________
SOURCES
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pbuoy.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/pbuoy2.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/fcab.html
what-if.xkcd.com/125
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=R2YsF47BMvY&lc=Ugw3vnn7VjC7s6lNKYh4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
LLNL Explosion:
youtu.be/XnrLY-phipw
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:27 Common Answer
00:56 Some Bowling Balls Float
01:22 Experiment 1 (Floating Ball)
02:00 Mechanical Equilibrium
02:23 Archimedes Principle
03:19 Experiment 2 (Sinking Ball)
04:13 Explanation 2 (Sinking Ball)
04:41 Extreme Solutions
05:46 Rigorous Solution
06:27 Free Body Diagram of Ball
07:06 Summary
07:43 Featured Comment
Black holes look really weird because of the way light bends around them. This video explains how that all works and why black hole images look the way they do.
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Black Hole Misconceptions:
youtu.be/JAUObgaGnNI
Planetary Rings:
youtu.be/I7RM-2RUhwk
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Vertasium on Black Hole Optics:
youtu.be/zUyH3XhpLTo
Dr Becky on Black Hole Image:
youtu.be/BtnFwNKEmyY
Coding Train:
youtu.be/Iaz9TqYWUmA
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K, YouTubeviewer2014
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, LT Marshall, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Christopher Bennett, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier
________________________________
SOURCES
universe.nasa.gov/black-holes/anatomy
astronomy.com/science/all-black-holes-should-sport-light-rings
science.howstuffworks.com/accretion-disk.htm
fnal.gov/pub/inquiring/questions/blackholerotation.html
link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1026286607562
link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10996-5
alessandroroussel.com/creationsList/advancedblackhole
https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1979A&A....75..228L
arxiv.org/abs/1910.12881
arxiv.org/abs/2105.07101
spacetimetravel.org/ssm
http://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/coursewikis/GGR/book/ggr/onull.html
________________________________
STUDIO GEAR AFFILIATE LINKS
Camera amzn.to/3RfgOCk
Studio Recorder amzn.to/3HkQoue
Camera Tripod amzn.to/3kRt3Jk
Microphone Stand amzn.to/3JnoqAQ
Panel Light amzn.to/3Jl3dHT
Studio Blanket amzn.to/3kTuAhZ
Microphone Cable amzn.to/3HGwvPZ
Clamp Mount amzn.to/3HjucRu
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=JAUObgaGnNI&lc=UgycOypyO0HKFJ6vfiJ4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=JAUObgaGnNI&lc=Ugxq0ArAYuqoMZkckk94AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=JAUObgaGnNI&lc=UgxqVFxS9wzFzsSHdbZ4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=JAUObgaGnNI&lc=Ugz-8P6-aFdOhSpo8ed4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=JAUObgaGnNI&lc=Ugxjx081qefz2SFqZ2l4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
NASA Black Hole Graphics:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13326
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12854
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12005
Sagittarius A*
eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/astronomers-reveal-first-image-black-hole-heart-our-galaxy
M87*
eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/first-ever-image-black-hole-published-event-horizon-telescope-collaboration
NASA Simulation:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13326
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:44 Accretion Disks
01:25 Doppler Beaming
01:55 Optics
03:10 Gravity Bends Light
04:21 Sponsor Message
05:53 Innermost Stable Circular Orbit (ISCO)
06:29 Photon Orbits
07:22 Black Hole Shadow
08:16 Closing Thoughts
08:42 Featured Comment
You might have heard that black holes suck, like literally. It's certainly a funny joke, but it isn't true. Black holes aren’t even that weird if you're far enough away. I correct this and other misconceptions with this video.
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
NATIVE DEODORANT REVIEW #NativePartner #Deodorant #AluminumFree
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Supermassive Black Hole Formation:
youtu.be/oTC6OXSafRM
Planetary Rings:
youtu.be/I7RM-2RUhwk
Hawking Radiation:
youtu.be/rrUvLlrvgxQ
Cloud Chamber:
youtu.be/1plELH0qXhE
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K, YouTubeviewer2014
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, LT Marshall, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Christopher Bennett, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier
________________________________
SOURCES
arxiv.org/abs/2209.06833
https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Gaia/Gaia_discovers_a_new_family_of_black_holes
ligo.org/detections/GW150914.php
https://www.stsci.edu/~marel/black_holes/encyc_mod3_q7.html
engineeringtoolbox.com/metal-alloys-densities-d_50.html
________________________________
STUDIO GEAR AFFILIATE LINKS
Camera amzn.to/3RfgOCk
Studio Recorder amzn.to/3HkQoue
Lavalier Recorder amzn.to/3DLRlev
Mini Tripod amzn.to/3Y63RwZ
Camera Tripod amzn.to/3kRt3Jk
Microphone Stand amzn.to/3JnoqAQ
Panel Light amzn.to/3Jl3dHT
Studio Blanket amzn.to/3kTuAhZ
Microphone Cable amzn.to/3HGwvPZ
Clamp Mount amzn.to/3HjucRu
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=1plELH0qXhE&lc=UgxF_ojb9YtqNhyLAF14AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=1plELH0qXhE&lc=UgyCSOYCBXDkISd302t4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=1plELH0qXhE&lc=UgzU-l2a6g3Ls5iNBaR4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
NASA Black Hole Graphics:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12854
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12005
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12855
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12265
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12994
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13326
Sagittarius A*
eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/astronomers-reveal-first-image-black-hole-heart-our-galaxy
Carina Nebula:
images.nasa.gov/details-PIA14444
NASA Astronaut Images:
eol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/photo.pl?mission=STS41B&roll=35&frame=1613
nasa.gov/content/astronaut-aki-hoshide-conducts-station-spacewalk
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:39 Myth 1: They're Big
01:28 Closest Black Hole
02:24 Myth 2: Ultimate Suction
02:52 Stars Orbit Black Holes
03:20 Myth 3: Infinite Density
04:02 Singularities
04:45 Sponsor Message
05:44 Myth 4: Why They're Black
06:41 Redshift
07:10 Myth 5: Spaghettification
08:13 Closing Thoughts
08:26 Featured Comment
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Em Lucid - Producer
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Quantum Field Theory Explained:
youtu.be/zS2vI_2faII
Planetary Rings:
youtu.be/I7RM-2RUhwk
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
MinutePhysics on Atmospheric Muons:
youtu.be/rVzDP8SMhPo
Action Lab on Cloud Chambers:
youtu.be/7VH9l4hgbII
PhysicsHigh on Cloud Chambers:
youtu.be/gt3Ad5_Z5IA
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K, YouTubeviewer2014
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, LT Marshall, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Christopher Bennett, Christopher Little, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga ooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier
________________________________
SOURCES
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Relativ/muon.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Particles/muonatm.html
https://home.cern/science/physics/cosmic-rays-particles-outer-space
energy.gov/science/doe-explainsmuons
arxiv.org/abs/1208.1171
https://www.classe.cornell.edu/rsrc/Home/Outreach/LessonPlans/cloudchamber.pdf
________________________________
STUDIO GEAR AFFILIATE LINKS
Camera amzn.to/3RfgOCk
Studio Recorder amzn.to/3HkQoue
Lavalier Recorder amzn.to/3DLRlev
Mini Tripod amzn.to/3Y63RwZ
Camera Tripod amzn.to/3kRt3Jk
Microphone Stand amzn.to/3JnoqAQ
Panel Light amzn.to/3Jl3dHT
Studio Blanket amzn.to/3kTuAhZ
Microphone Cable amzn.to/3HGwvPZ
Clamp Mount amzn.to/3HjucRu
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=I7RM-2RUhwk&lc=UgwT37EGZs3TZlTx-sJ4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=I7RM-2RUhwk&lc=UgyCo9eZHsJocbku_TV4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=I7RM-2RUhwk&lc=Ugzhb0NmeEQZ28MRjE54AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=I7RM-2RUhwk&lc=UgxyPX_E3RZzXktq8mR4AaABAg
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:22 Traditional Explanations of Relativity
01:09 Where are the Muons from?
02:26 Cloud Chamber Setup
04:24 Cloud Chamber Results
05:50 Supporter Shoutout
06:19 Muon Half-Life
07:35 Time Dilation
08:48 Length Contraction
09:42 Closing Thoughts
10:58 Summary
11:28 Featured Comment
We all know Saturn has planetary rings, but other planets have them too. Where they come from? How are gravity and tidal forces involved? What is the Roche limit? Let's find out.
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Nora Bailey - Researcher, Fact Checker
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Tidal Locking Explained:
youtu.be/fivCstgXlDo
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K, YouTubeviewer2014
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, LT Marshall, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Christopher Bennett, Christopher Little, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga ooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier
________________________________
SOURCES
History:
oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100425308
britannica.com/science/Roche-limit
www2.jpl.nasa.gov/saturn/back.html
nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_995.html
Articles and Info:
nasa.gov/feature/goddard/phobos-is-falling-apart
solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/813/nasas-cassini-data-show-saturns-rings-relatively-new
solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/794/nasa-research-reveals-saturn-is-losing-its-rings-at-worst-case-scenario-rate
https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Cheops/ESA_s_Cheops_finds_an_unexpected_ring_around_dwarf_planet_Quaoar
www2.jpl.nasa.gov/saturn/faq.html
nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/ring-a-round-the-saturn.html
planetary.org/articles/20130626-earths-skies-saturns-rings
planetary.org/articles/how-do-planets-get-rings
skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/why-are-jupiters-rings-so-thin
Books:
"An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics," Carroll and Ostlie (2007)
Scientific Papers:
doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21328.x
doi.org/10.1017/9781316286791.018
doi.org/10.1126/science.abn1234
doi.org/10.1038/35089010
doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025
doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(90)90020-A
https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1916JRASC..10..473C
doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5417.1146
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=zS2vI_2faII&lc=Ugx2pMT2eucn5xmt0qZ4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=zS2vI_2faII&lc=Ugwn7YzUH_MOGJVRqZx4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Saturn Edge-On:
images.nasa.gov/details/PIA01272
Image of Phobos:
mars.nasa.gov/resources/6989/mars-moon-phobos
Moon Formation Sim:
nasa.gov/feature/ames/lunar-origins-simulations
Comet Lovejoy:
soho.nascom.nasa.gov/hotshots/2011_12_12
Cassini Simulations:
solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/17747/cassini-the-wonder-of-saturn-video
Big Bang Simulation:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12656
Solar System Formation:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10659
People:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C3%89douard_Roche.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christiaan_Huygens-painting.jpeg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Justus_Sustermans_-_Portrait_of_Galileo_Galilei,_1636.jpg
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:48 History
02:30 Earth's Moon
03:00 Mars and Phobos
03:27 Tidal Forces Explained
04:13 Why does it break apart?
05:26 Roche Limit
06:22 Assumptions
07:05 Summary
08:04 What if Earth had rings?
08:35 Sponsor Message
09:42 Featured Comment
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Hawking Radiation Explained Properly:
youtu.be/rrUvLlrvgxQ
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Time Zones Shouldn't Exist:
youtu.be/DHIQxVhruak
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00:00 Introduction
00:01:06 What is renormalization?
00:02:34 Why is quantum gravity so hard?
00:04:19 Could antimatter exist in a parallel universe?
00:06:09 A photons pure energy?
00:07:46 What is the permeability of free space?
00:09:43 Classical Electrodynamics vs Quantum Electrodynamics
00:12:03 Universe: Infinite or Finite?
00:13:55 What's your favorite dinosaur?
00:14:03 Can neutrinos interact with strange matter?
00:15:11 Can you thread wet spaghetti?
00:16:30 What is consciousness?
00:17:58 Science and the Afterlife
00:18:25 Can photons hit atomic nuclei?
00:19:19 Electromagnetic Field Quantization
00:20:22 Why don't electrons fall into atomic nuclei?
00:21:25 Are Feynman diagrams literal?
00:22:23 What video games do you play?
00:23:15 Are you supermassive black holes actually wormholes?
00:25:55 How man atoms are in front of your nose?
00:26:20 Can AI teach physics better than people?
00:28:03 What if Betelgeuse went supernova?
00:29:58 Is quantum entanglement temporary?
00:30:55 What's your favorite movie?
00:32:25 Why don't birds get electrocuted on power lines?
00:33:19 When will fusion power happen?
00:35:20 How do photons become entangled?
00:36:52 Have you ever had vegitarian stroganoff?
00:37:50 Black Hole Information
00:40:20 Are you the original or a clone?
00:41:09 How common are habitable planets?
00:42:32 Biological Immortality
00:43:21 How did you learn tensors?
00:44:43 How can things cross the event horizon?
00:46:35 Did JWST disprove the Big Bang?
00:48:18 Do the past and future exist?
00:50:28 Would you team up with Dr Becky?
00:51:05 Would you ever make physics courses?
00:51:28 Do black holes need singularities?
00:54:00 What is your full-time job?
00:56:09 How to get better at solving problems
00:57:36 Why does dark energy violate energy conservation?
00:58:48 Dianna Cowern
00:59:40 Would you recommend becoming a YouTuber?
01:02:35 What motivated you to start on YouTube?
01:04:15 What's weirder, magnets or gravity?
01:04:47 Why can't photons be localized?
01:06:03 Can particles entangle easily?
01:06:53 Star Trek or Star Wars?
01:08:35 How can gravity be a particle?
01:09:50 Is new Star Wars bad?
01:11:20 What was your graduate thesis about?
01:13:08 Will we ever invent quantum teleportation?
01:14:03 What force is in general relativity?
01:16:27 Is nuclear power a good thing?
01:18:36 Is dark energy just ignorance?
01:19:48 Is a PhD important?
01:21:57 What is the viscosity of spacetime?
01:24:19 How would you solve the Fermi paradox?
01:25:35 Heartfelt "thank yous" from viewers
01:28:06 What do you think of dark matter alternatives?
01:30:49 Eigenchris Shoutout
01:31:11 Have you ever studied condensed matter?
01:32:23 Do you have kids?
01:32:42 How do molecular orbitals work?
01:34:48 What if I walk at 99% the speed of light?
01:36:24 How hard is it to create element 120?
01:37:28 Why does current flow opposite of electrons?
01:39:15 What is the many-body problem?
01:42:52 Pronouncing foreign names
01:43:58 Which science blows your mind the most?
01:46:02 3D Dipiction of Gravity
01:48:50 Can we understand the 4th dimension?
01:49:24 Are you doing any research?
01:49:55 Is there anything stopping a black hole from collapsing?
01:51:30 How can I move fast if time slows down at fast speeds?
01:54:04 Dungeons and Dragons
01:54:27 Why are there 8 gluons and not 9?
01:57:21 Can you get Lagrange points in general relativity?
01:59:04 How do you make money?
02:01:18 Do black hole collisions make a sound?
02:03:04 Goodbyes
Nick Lucid - Host, Writer, Editor, Animator
Eric Aspling - Consulting Expert, Fact Checker
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Quantum Superposition:
youtu.be/ZUipVyVOm-Y
Older video on Quantum Fields:
youtu.be/Y7Ac8zKTD-E
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
ZAP Physics on Feynman Diagrams:
youtu.be/BCBDclSOuxU
PBS Space Time on Feynman Diagrams:
youtu.be/fG52mXN-uWI
youtu.be/oQ1WZ-eJW8Y
ScienceClic on Feynman Diagrams:
youtu.be/X-FEU4mQWtE
Domain of Science on Feynman Diagrams:
youtu.be/oBNZOOuqO6c
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, LT Marshall, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Bart Barry, Christopher Bennett, Christopher Little, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier
________________________________
SOURCES
forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/04/25/this-is-why-quantum-field-theory-is-more-fundamental-than-quantum-mechanics
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/quantum-field-theory/qft-history.html
General Scientific Papers:
doi.org/10.1119/1.4789885
doi.org/10.1119/1.4812316
Feynman's Papers:
journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.76.769
journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.80.440
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/3520/1/FEYpr49b.pdf
Overview of Feynman Rules:
particle.phys.uvic.ca/~jalbert/424/lecture16r.pdf
https://web2.ph.utexas.edu/~vadim/Classes/2008f/QED.pdf
physics.mcgill.ca/~jcline/qft1b.pdf
Fundamental Constants:
pml.nist.gov/cuu/Constants
________________________________
STUDIO GEAR AFFILIATE LINKS
Camera amzn.to/3RfgOCk
Studio Recorder amzn.to/3HkQoue
Camera Tripod amzn.to/3kRt3Jk
Microphone Stand amzn.to/3JnoqAQ
Panel Light amzn.to/3Jl3dHT
Studio Blanket amzn.to/3kTuAhZ
Clamp Mount amzn.to/3HjucRu
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=-cfN-QxJkjU&lc=UgzDewch3sHeuV8jzsZ4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=-cfN-QxJkjU&lc=UgzT59P8sJ1XGtb5Zjh4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=-cfN-QxJkjU&lc=Ugznx6jXeZbU_dE-97N4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Richard Feynman Portrait:
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A301041
Louis de Broglie:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Broglie_Big.jpg
Erwin Schrodinger:
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A308604
Werner Heisenberg:
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A298891
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:12 Getting a baseline
00:55 Matter and Light: What's it made of?
02:38 What is a Field?
04:09 What is a Wave?
05:33 What is a Quantum Field?
07:50 Quantum Fields Visualized
10:26 Feynman Diagrams Explained
12:20 Virtual Particles Explained
13:50 How to use Feynman Diagrams
15:05 Quantum Electrodynamics
18:15 What is its purposes?
18:40 Do particles exist?
19:14 Featured Comment
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
What the HECK is Mass?
youtu.be/XkPudRiWspc
What the HECK is Energy?
youtu.be/snj1wBtn6I8
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
Songs "Going Down" and "Moon Men" by Jake Chudnow:
youtube.com/@jakechudnow
YouTube Channel Impersonations:
youtube.com/@CGPGrey
youtube.com/@pbsspacetime
youtube.com/@numberphile
youtube.com/@Vsauce
youtube.com/@ArvinAsh
Thanks to ScienceClic and Daniel Schroeder for their help with Stirling's Approximation:
youtube.com/@ScienceClicEN
https://physics.weber.edu/thermal/
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Schrodinger's Equation:
youtu.be/LFC2HsT6Bh4
Combinatorics:
youtu.be/zBa5TWXfDEo
What is Dark Mater made of?
youtu.be/cncCu7iJE24
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
PBS Space Time on Multiverse:
youtu.be/dzKWfw68M5U
youtu.be/z-syaCoqkZA
youtu.be/XglOw2_lozc
Arvin Ash on Cosmology:
youtu.be/m0uxnBCZDz8
youtu.be/nziePav5OMg
youtu.be/q5dy-NtVeF0
Numberphile on Particle Count:
youtu.be/lpj0E0a0mlU
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Bart Barry, Christopher Bennett, Christopher Little, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier
________________________________
SOURCES
Max Tegmark's Multiverse Paper:
https://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/multiverse.pdf
arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0302131
Ancient History:
https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/22668/1/Chimera_of_the_Cosmos_2.pdf
forbes.com/sites/fernandezelizabeth/2020/01/12/the-multiverse-and-eastern-philosophy
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_cosmology#Multiple_universes
Many Worlds:
arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0101077
link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-03263-3
Inflation:
arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0305179v1
http://fma.if.usp.br/~mlima/teaching/PGF5292_2021/LiddleLyth_CILSS.pdf
Boltzmann-Zermelo Argument:
ergodic.ugr.es/statphys_grado/bibliografia/zermelo_boltzmann.pdf
General Info:
bbc.com/future/article/20210326-the-mystery-of-our-expanding-universe
http://mrob.com/pub/math/numbers-19.html
hypertextbook.com/facts/1999/YelenaMeskina.shtml
forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2021/08/25/how-small-was-the-universe-at-the-start-of-the-big-bang
guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/66125-fastest-speed-achieved-by-humans
Fundamental Constants:
pml.nist.gov/cuu/Constants
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=NkcvESFbg9c&lc=UgwyheVaASJ2UCqfeYF4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE/VIDEO CREDITS
Giordano Bruno:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Giordano_Bruno.jpg
Ludwig Boltzmann:
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A291262
Ernst Zermelo:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ernst_Zermelo_1900s.jpg
Usain Bolt:
flickr.com/photos/khlav/36577010705
Argonne Universe Simulation:
youtu.be/t-o7DU3W7kw
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:29 History of Multiverses (CGP Grey)
02:33 Many Worlds Interpretation
03:56 Many Worlds (PBS Space Time)
05:31 Many Worlds Basics
07:37 Infinite Repeating Space
08:20 How Many Universes? (Numberphile)
13:27 Eternal Inflation
13:37 Inflation (Vsauce)
15:38 Eternal Inflation (Arvin Ash)
16:49 The Omniverse
18:15 Summary
18:56 Featured Comment
If you want to learn more, check out my black hole playlist:
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOVL_fPox2K-zpTeryROTkmzzsMssSMWp
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
If you want to learn more, check out my black hole playlist:
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOVL_fPox2K-zpTeryROTkmzzsMssSMWp
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
Have you ever wondered what kind of astronomical object brown dwarfs are? They're too big to be a planet, yet too small to be a star. They're like the cosmic middle child. Here's everything you need to know about brown dwarfs.
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
How many Earths fit in the Sun?
youtu.be/Ga0TKrylnXY
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Physics Girl on Brown Dwarfs:
youtu.be/GHsQl-k3syg
Crash Course Astronomy on Brown Dwarfs:
youtu.be/4zKVx29_A1w
Joe Scott on Brown Dwarfs:
youtu.be/mRNIcerXzLw
Lecture from Adam Burgasser:
youtube.com/live/ZgIOihar3r0
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Bart Barry, Christopher Bennett, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier, William Hutchison
________________________________
SOURCES
Shiv S Kumar's Original Work:
https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1962AJ.....67S.579K
https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1963ApJ...137.1121K
Classification:
academic.oup.com/ptp/article/30/4/460/1881953
arxiv.org/abs/2002.01943
arxiv.org/abs/1903.04667
nature.com/articles/336656a0
astronomy.com/magazine/greatest-mysteries/2019/07/48-is-jupiter-a-failed-star
Planetary Formation:
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast122/lectures/lec13.html
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aabb51
aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2011/11/aa17734-11/aa17734-11.html
arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0511420
arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9704118
"50 Years of Brown Dwarfs":
link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-01162-2
Spectra:
arxiv.org/abs/1804.07771
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7491492
prc.nao.ac.jp/extra/uos/en/no12
Fusion:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/NucEne/fusion.html
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/727/1/57
IAU Defintion:
https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2007IAUTA..26..183B
Miscellaneous:
http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/browndwarflist.html
zooniverse.org/projects/marckuchner/backyard-worlds-planet-9
________________________________
STUDIO GEAR AFFILIATE LINKS
Camera amzn.to/3RfgOCk
Portable Recorder amzn.to/3HkQoue
Overhead Table Mount amzn.to/3HGg7ik
Microphone Stand amzn.to/3JnoqAQ
Panel Light amzn.to/3Jl3dHT
Camera Tripod amzn.to/3kRt3Jk
Studio Blanket amzn.to/3kTuAhZ
Microphone Cable amzn.to/3HGwvPZ
Clamp Mount amzn.to/3HjucRu
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=LFC2HsT6Bh4&lc=Ugyt0nMl3YoFR_LY4ix4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=LFC2HsT6Bh4&lc=UgwG3yMFk1CIgAiy6IZ4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=LFC2HsT6Bh4&lc=UgwfgvPp7E1mBRuPlW14AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=LFC2HsT6Bh4&lc=Ugyf34P7hpAjH4HkFuJ4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
Brown Dwarf Exoplanet System:
exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/300/2m1207-b-first-image-of-an-exoplanet
Planetary Formation:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10659
Black Hole Simulations:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12854
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12005
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:33 History
01:44 Color
02:23 Size
03:20 Merch Promotion
03:35 Brown dwarf's are not stars.
04:11 Hydrogen Fusion
04:43 HR Diagrams
05:39 Jupiter: Failed Star?
06:06 Brown dwarf's are not planets.
06:53 Planetary Formation
07:28 Definitions
08:40 Deuterium Fusion
09:55 Problems with Classification
10:33 Brown Dwarf Life Cycle
12:12 Summary
13:18 Sponsor Message
14:09 Featured Comment
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
Check out Arvin Ash's video:
youtu.be/BZRv8Nko9XQ
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Heat Flow with a Thermal Camera:
youtu.be/bBLCNzFaTJ0
Atomic Orbitals, Visualized:
youtu.be/BPkcDWLBsrI
Geocentrism:
youtu.be/yC74lhJX9Ck
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Up and Atom on Schrödinger's Equation:
youtu.be/QeUMFo8sODk
Physics with Eugene on Schrödinger's Equation:
youtu.be/jvvkomcmyuo
Faculty of Khan derives Wave Equation:
youtu.be/CifQ-BhBQSA
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Kevin Flanagan, Sean K
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Bart Barry, Christopher Bennett, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier, William Hutchison
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
etymonline.com/search?q=wave
merriam-webster.com/dictionary/wave
https://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/252/Classical_Waves/Classical_Waves.html
https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/wave_equation_speed.htm
https://eng-web1.eng.famu.fsu.edu/~dommelen/quantum/style_a/kg.html
hep.phy.cam.ac.uk/theory/webber/GFT/gft_handout2_06.pdf
arxiv.org/abs/1504.01417
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1751-8121/ac515d/pdf
https://math.mit.edu/~jorloff/suppnotes/suppnotes02/v7.pdf
________________________________
STUDIO GEAR AFFILIATE LINKS
Camera amzn.to/3RfgOCk
Portable Recorder amzn.to/3HkQoue
Overhead Table Mount amzn.to/3HGg7ik
Microphone Stand amzn.to/3JnoqAQ
Panel Light amzn.to/3Jl3dHT
Camera Tripod amzn.to/3kRt3Jk
Studio Blanket amzn.to/3kTuAhZ
Microphone Cable amzn.to/3HGwvPZ
Clamp Mount amzn.to/3HjucRu
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
Orden Just:
youtube.com/watch?v=bBLCNzFaTJ0&lc=UgzEpBjAGOFecZioMPN4AaABAg
Stroheim333:
youtube.com/watch?v=yC74lhJX9Ck&lc=UgzZ4pokcxgv8k6EVTB4AaABAg
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:24 Viewer Question
01:02 Strings
02:41 Wave Equations
03:42 Where does it come from?
04:43 Schrödinger's Equation
05:29 Language is Complicated
06:28 Arvin Ash Collab
07:36 Heat Equations
08:18 Probability Flow
09:56 Summary
11:02 My Book
11:17 Other Quantum Equations
11:48 Outro
12:00 Featured Comment
#quantummechanics #quantumphysics #schrodingerwaveequation
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Stress Patterns:
youtu.be/zgd4RkmVLDk
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00:00 Welcome
00:00:41 What is ChatGPT?
00:03:15 Quantum Superposition
00:11:54 Video Title Suggestions
00:14:42 Solving an Integral
00:17:26 P vs NP
00:20:21 Life, the Universe, and Everything
00:23:10 The 8 Planets
00:27:00 Nuclear Fusion
00:30:15 Virtual Particles
00:36:55 Photon's Perspective
00:44:50 1+1=2
00:48:10 The North Pole
00:52:27 Python Code
00:59:05 Nonagons
01:02:15 Science Poems
01:04:45 Black Holes
01:09:48 Wormholes
01:13:55 Artificial Gravity
01:16:44 ChatGPT Fails at Math
01:20:40 Bob Dylan Science Song
01:27:45 The Future of AI
01:30:30 Thank you
The Simulation:
github.com/ScienceAsylum/Orbital-Transformation
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Geocentrism:
youtu.be/yC74lhJX9Ck
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
Ancient humans really wanted Earth to be the center of the universe. Geocentrism wasn't a mistake. Ptolemy wasn't that far off from the truth. He just gave Earth too much importance.
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
Sean Reese - Researcher
If you want to play around with the simulation near the end of the video:
github.com/ScienceAsylum/Orbital-Transformation
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Time Zones Shouldn't Exist:
youtu.be/DHIQxVhruak
Microwave Circuits:
youtu.be/onMzxMtTSdA
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, OnlineBookClub, Sean K
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Bart Barry, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier, William Hutchison
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
sservi.nasa.gov/articles/oldest-lunar-calendars
nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/sun_history.html
lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/suborbit/POLAR/cmb.physics.wisc.edu/tutorial/briefhist.html
https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1995JHA....26...33M/0000036.000.html
https://farside.ph.utexas.edu/books/Syntaxis/Almagest/node3.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Solar/retromars.html
https://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/thompson.1847/161/copernicus.html
britannica.com/science/Ptolemaic-system
http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/theories/ptolemaic_system.html
etymonline.com/word/planet
astronomy.com/magazine/ask-astro/2015/10/mercurys-retrograde-motion
space.com/geocentric-model
wired.com/2014/04/how-do-we-know-the-earth-orbits-the-sun
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=onMzxMtTSdA&lc=UgxBLU2G9fFBEu01qp54AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=onMzxMtTSdA&lc=UgxKBRsBY24c7oVwrxR4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=onMzxMtTSdA&lc=Ugy9KSlDqeRKwDt1z1x4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ptolemy_16century.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fourier2_-_restoration1.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Johannes_Kepler_1610.jpg
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:42 History of Geocentrism
02:21 Retrograde Motion
03:52 Ptolemy's Epicycles
06:29 Geocentrism isn't the Problem
08:58 Sponsor Message
09:50 Outro
10:09 Featured Comment
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Microwave Circuits:
youtu.be/onMzxMtTSdA
______________________________
AFFILIATE LINKS
FLIR ONE Pro (Android):
amzn.to/3tsigXa
FLIR ONE Pro (iPhone):
amzn.to/3E409vw
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
Huge thanks to Mehdi Sadaghdar (ElectroBOOM) for the consult:
youtube.com/@ElectroBOOM
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Alternating Current:
youtu.be/7weMCsff0xw
Capacitors Explained:
youtu.be/zYRx6Zub3cA
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
EEVblog on Scope Safety:
youtu.be/xaELqAo4kkQ
Eugene on Rectifiers:
youtu.be/J8A6QUxfk8c
Hawley Hobbies's 6000 Volt Power Supply:
youtu.be/OBQTBgFjFsQ
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Bosphorus
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, OnlineBookClub, Sean K
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Bart Barry, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Thomas V Lohmeier, William Hutchison
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
circuitbread.com/tutorials/half-wave-rectifiers-practical-demonstration
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Electronic/rectifiers.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Electronic/rectct.html.
electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/24208/how-does-the-villard-circuit-double-voltage
doi.org/10.1051/jphystap:019010010002801
physics-and-radio-electronics.com/electronic-devices-and-circuits/rectifier/voltagemultipliers-voltagedoubler-tripler-quadrupler.html
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=nSJtzn2H3Do&lc=UgxbWstCHiy9tmCV6tl4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=nSJtzn2H3Do&lc=UgwCEGbgVE7iEswGLNB4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=nSJtzn2H3Do&lc=UgxcMAbFdf-bULsGDwx4AaABAg
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:45 Half-Wave Rectifiers
01:44 Giant Transformer
02:42 Giant Capacitor
04:12 ElectroBOOM Rant
05:35 Low-Voltage Analog
06:32 Diodes
07:36 The Capacitor's Purpose
09:17 Half-Wave Doublers
10:20 Summary
10:54 Outro
11:28 Featured Comment
________________________________
Corrections:
01:32 "Utilization" would have been a better word than "efficiency." Half-wave rectifiers have a 50% utilization, not a 50% efficiency. They only utilize 50% of the provided voltage.
01:57 Phone chargers from the 1990s and early 2000s were simple transformers. Modern phone chargers are a more complicated design called an "Switch Mode Power Supply" or SMPS.
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
The Cosmic Illusion No One Talks About:
youtu.be/nSJtzn2H3Do
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
Crab Nebula:
nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1604.html
At about 9.6 billion light years, our intuition about angular diameter breaks down. Galaxies start getting larger the more distant they are. Let's find out why.
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
Natalie Wells - Researcher
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
The Speed of Light is Infinite... Kind Of:
youtu.be/vPi1lyAx4ws
Most Galaxies are Moving Faster than Light!
youtu.be/9udKv1NXm7w
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
James Younger DDS
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Blank NA, Bosphorus, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, OnlineBookClub, Sean K
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Bart Barry, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, William Hutchison
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
people.ast.cam.ac.uk/~pettini/Intro%20Cosmology
doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2019-0257
arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9905116
https://www.astro.umd.edu/~miller/teaching/astr422/lecture09.pdf
doi.org/10.1142/S0218271800000542
https://www.physics.unlv.edu/~jeffery/astro/cosmol/cosmos_distance_z_10000.html
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=ANDqwtAd1aY&lc=UgyejdtHE_MSFKSiW9N4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=ANDqwtAd1aY&lc=UgwtJBLY5cwqtOY2iKJ4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=ANDqwtAd1aY&lc=UgyAJqUUbFKeNSPZYDJ4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
JWST Deep Field:
webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2022/035/01G7DDDR3P8ZW10HD8MKXGV8MJ
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:28 What is Angular Diameter?
01:56 Angular Diameter Turnaround
02:52 Finite Speed of Light
04:07 Time is a Major Factor
06:02 Space is Expanding
07:48 Cosmic Light Cone
08:21 Summary
09:09 Sponsor Message
10:07 Outro
10:26 Featured Comment
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Seeing the Polarization of Light:
youtu.be/zgd4RkmVLDk
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
________________________________
FEATURED CREATORS:
youtube.com/c/vsauce1
youtube.com/c/veritasium
youtube.com/c/joescott
youtube.com/c/DrBecky
youtube.com/c/Jabrils
youtube.com/c/iammrbeat
youtube.com/c/khanubis
youtube.com/c/ArvinAsh
youtube.com/c/KathrynHodgeblondiebytes
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Quantum Superposition:
youtu.be/ZUipVyVOm-Y
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
MinutePhysics on Quantum Teleportation:
youtu.be/DxQK1WDYI_k
youtu.be/owPC60Ue0BE
CGP Grey on Transporters:
youtu.be/nQHBAdShgYI
Orange River on Transporters:
youtu.be/THx2qEYcdnc
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
James Younger DDS
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Blank NA, Bosphorus, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, OnlineBookClub, Sean K
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Bart Barry, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, William Hutchison
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
nature.com/articles/299802a0
arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9607018
arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9801009
arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9910048
arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0407219v3
arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0106018v2
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.46.9405
marozols.wordpress.com/2012/05/23/three-myths-about-quantum-computing-part-3
physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3086114
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/uncer.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/quantum/uncer2.html
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=zgd4RkmVLDk&lc=UgxDwGcD6C0krKMH3B94AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
Theseus:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pierre_Joseph_Celestin_Francois_-_Theseus.jpg
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:44 What kind of teleportation?
01:31 Is it possible?
03:43 Uncertainty Principle
04:49 Ship of Theseus
06:16 Quantum Cloning
06:58 Is it the same as sleep?
07:40 What of the soul?
08:59 Continuity of Consciousness
10:38 What would I do?
11:02 Outro
11:26 Featured Comment
Polarized sunglasses allow you to see the orientation of light. That combined with birefringence can help you see patterns of stress inside materials. But how does that work exactly?
Correction Video about Safety Hammers:
youtu.be/0tmLh_eSpQU
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Optics Playlist:
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOVL_fPox2K-gSgkjpsXfS60FSniBsdSC
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
PhysicsGirl on Birefringence and Polarization:
youtu.be/CSu0cV3fqi8
Smarter Every Day on Car Window Safety:
youtu.be/0i5rycLJ3D8
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Benjamin Sharef, Bosphorus, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, Kevin Flanagan, OnlineBookClub.org, Sean K
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Bart Barry, Benjamin Reynolds, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, William Hutchison
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/polar.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/polabs.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/biref.html
https://depts.washington.edu/mictech/optics/me557/photoelasticity.pdf
constructionspecifier.com/fully-tempered-glass-and-spontaneous-fracture
viracon.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/VTT-009_QuenchPatternCharacteristics.pdf
cardinalcorp.com/source/pdf/tsb/fg/FG01_01-2016.pdf
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=cP2uVarXi1A&lc=UgyLw8WliUI1Cd3cwjx4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=cP2uVarXi1A&lc=UgwV9v_CBovppDVoPeh4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=cP2uVarXi1A&lc=UgzOy_zMf87FaH8b7b54AaABAg
________________________________
CHAPTER TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:39 Polarization Explained
03:24 Birefringence Explained
04:18 Pattern Examples
05:18 Types of Glass
06:17 Breaking Glass
07:34 Summary
08:00 Sponsor Message
09:08 Outro
09:33 Featured Comment
________________________________
Corrections:
5:43 Just to clarify: Side windows and rear windshields of automobiles are tempered. Front windshields are annealed, specifically two pieces of annealed glass with plastic between them to hold it together.
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
Milky Way Artist Impression:
eso.org/public/images/eso1339g
#shorts #science #astronomy
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00:00 Welcome
00:01:28 What To Expect
00:03:20 Geodesics
00:11:23 Einstein's Equation
00:14:06 Dark Energy
00:18:57 Types of Math Involved
00:21:30 Weak-Field Approximation
00:27:10 Mass-Energy Equivalence
00:31:06 Black Holes
00:36:45 Stress-Energy Tensor
00:41:47 Could I Be Wrong?
00:46:02 Alternative Explanations
00:51:24 My Pet Monster
00:52:58 Statistical Mechanics
00:54:22 Gravitational Constant
00:55:04 Hubble Parameter
00:58:15 James Webb Space Telescope
01:00:47 "Flat" Universe
01:05:09 More JWST Questions
01:07:40 Big Bang = Terrible Name
01:11:00 Local Definitions
01:14:25 Hubble's Law
01:15:33 Inside Black Holes
01:25:23 How vs Why
01:27:50 Gravity is 4D
01:30:00 Multiple Time Dimensions?
01:31:55 Conservation of Energy
01:32:36 Nothingness
01:35:03 Thank You
About 107 years ago, Albert Einstein and David Hilbert published general relativity. It's the most modern model of gravity we have, but university courses on it are difficult to find. This video is a self-study guide.
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
________________________________
FREE STUFF
Feynman Lectures
https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/
Science Asylum: Special Relativity
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOVL_fPox2K_vPTkNljpO0qG_H--J_frW
MinutePhysics: Special Relativity
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLoaVOjvkzQtyjhV55wZcdicAz5KexgKvm
Crash Course: Navigating Digital Information
youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtN07XYqqWSKpPrtNDiCHTzU
Sean Carroll No-Nonsense Introduction
preposterousuniverse.com/grnotes
Sean Carroll Lecture Notes
arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9712019v1
Science Asylum: General Relativity
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOVL_fPox2K83_36YgnGisn4rxNvgq1iR
DrPhysicsA: Special and General Relativity
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDB15F7E29A5F0426
EigenChris: Tensors
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJHszsWbB6hrkmmq57lX8BV-o-YIOFsiG
youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJHszsWbB6hpk5h8lSfBkVrpjsqvUGTCx
________________________________
AFFILIATE LINKS TO BOOKS
"Special Relativity for Beginners" by Jurgen Freund
amzn.to/3Sw1vFA
"Gravity" by James Hartle
amzn.to/3JFgdpS
"Spacetime and Geometry" by Sean Carroll
amzn.to/3bLFLFm
"General Relativity" by Robert Wald
amzn.to/3vREnrs
"Gravitation" by Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler
amzn.to/3vSvQEz
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
SIMILAR YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Looking Glass Universe's Guide to Quantum
youtu.be/Rs572Cf4zkk
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Blank NA, Bosphorus, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, OnlineBookClub, Sean K, Wacky
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Fabio Manzini, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Bart Barry, Benjamin Dixon, Benjamin Reynolds, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, Geir PG, James Coley, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Joshua Gallagher, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, William Hutchison
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=PO4a2zO8zW8&lc=UgzKgLdpQBVAotml_IJ4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=PO4a2zO8zW8&lc=UgwB52UtoSbvA8SEIbV4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=PO4a2zO8zW8&lc=UgxitAGgQJRmz37kRLJ4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=PO4a2zO8zW8&lc=UgzARLZCpSP6kVuqkeF4AaABAg
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Cold Open
00:34 My Credentials
01:51 Freund
02:50 Feynman Lectures
03:41 Wikipedia and YouTube
04:54 Hartle
06:07 My Book
06:22 Carroll
07:34 Wald
08:05 Misner, Thorne, Wheeler
09:09 More YouTube
09:45 Sponsor Message
10:48 Outro
11:13 Featured Comment
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
#shorts #astronomy #Fourier
Bell's spaceship paradox from special relativity has been tormenting physicists for decades. I try to settle the debate once and for all with the use of spacetime diagrams.
00:00 Cold Open
00:57 Physical Paradoxes
01:42 History of Spaceship Paradox
02:41 Spaceship Paradox Explained
04:59 Acceleration in Special Relativity
06:55 The Solution
08:36 The Limits
09:48 Sponsor Message
10:54 Outro
11:13 Featured Comment
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Quantum Entanglement:
youtu.be/hiyKxhETXd8
Light is Infinite:
youtu.be/vPi1lyAx4ws
Length Contraction Explained:
youtu.be/TxW6_E3uLuo
Quasi-Stars:
youtu.be/oTC6OXSafRM
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Kyle Hill on Spaceship Paradox:
youtu.be/5iBtHroB978
Epic Math Time on Spaceship Paradox:
youtu.be/sGd1MqfZm1o
MinutePhysics on Spaceship Paradox:
youtu.be/kU8TEcie4hY
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Fabio Manzini, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Bosphorus, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, OnlineBookClub, Sean K, Wacky
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Benjamin Dixon, Benjamin Reynolds, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, James Coley, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Stephen Blinn, Stephen Gailey
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.1996214
aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.1969514
aapt.scitation.org/doi/10.1119/1.1986781
danielhoek.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Bell-How-to-teach-Special-Relativity.pdf
arxiv.org/abs/1712.05276
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=oTC6OXSafRM&lc=UgzfjH4Mu7IFQrrNFel4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=oTC6OXSafRM&lc=Ugx8xL-NaqfrGY7v9uB4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
Early People:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simeon_Poisson.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oheaviside.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_Clerk_Maxwell.png
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Einstein_patentoffice_full.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:08608_einstein_1916.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hilbert.jpg
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Noether.jpg
John Stewart Bell:
https://cds.cern.ch/record/1766159
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
Milky Way Zoom In:
eso.org/public/videos/eso1835c
Black Hole Simulation:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13326
#shorts #BlackHoles #astronomy
Supermassive black holes are pretty mind blowing. Some of them are larger than our entire solar system. The problem is, the universe isn't old enough for them to exist.
00:00 Cold Open
00:42 What does Supermassive mean?
02:33 Black Hole Formation
05:21 Quasi-Stars
08:09 What do we know for sure?
09:25 Sponsor Message
10:39 Outro
10:58 Featured Comment
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Life Cycle of the Sun:
youtu.be/GltTRdM1RW4
Hawking Radiation:
youtu.be/rrUvLlrvgxQ
Heat Flow with a Thermal Camera:
youtu.be/bBLCNzFaTJ0
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Kurzgesagt on Black Hole Size:
youtu.be/0FH9cgRhQ-k
PBS Space Time on Primordial Black Holes:
youtu.be/rcv_tYcRgw4
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Fabio Manzini, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Bosphorus, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, OnlineBookClub, Sean K, Wacky
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Benjamin Dixon, Benjamin Reynolds, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, James Coley, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Stephen Blinn, Stephen Gailey
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
arxiv.org/abs/0711.4078
arxiv.org/abs/1305.5923
phys.org/news/2020-07-maximum-mass-massive-black-holes.html
nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/mercuryfact.html
https://www.gb.nrao.edu/~rmaddale/Education/OrionTourCenter/betelgeuse.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_massive_black_holes
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=bBLCNzFaTJ0&lc=UgwcCtY0WoNgovPkiXd4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=bBLCNzFaTJ0&lc=Ugw1BaTNGGiIzSizz1F4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=bBLCNzFaTJ0&lc=UgxZiVb4kqHPSqAhwC54AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=bBLCNzFaTJ0&lc=Ugy9nxOfzMLTriayqa14AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
M87*
eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/first-ever-image-black-hole-published-event-horizon-telescope-collaboration
Sagittarius A*
eventhorizontelescope.org/blog/astronomers-reveal-first-image-black-hole-heart-our-galaxy
Gravitational Wave Sim:
https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/video/ligo20160615v1
James Webb Space Telescope:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/14016
Black Hole Mergers Chart:
https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/image/ligo20211107a
Milky Way Zoom In:
eso.org/public/videos/eso1835c
Supernova:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11447
Big Bang Sim:
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12656
Cosmic Microwave Background:
https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2018/07/Planck_s_view_of_the_cosmic_microwave_background
Infrared light can allow you to see many normally invisible things, but can it allow you to see through walls? Let's take a look at the flow of heat using a thermal camera and also using a simulation based on the heat equation.
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
______________________________
AFFILIATE LINKS
FLIR ONE Pro (Android):
amzn.to/3tsigXa
FLIR ONE Pro (iPhone):
amzn.to/3E409vw
FTC Disclosure: These are affiliate links, which means I may receive a commission for purchases made through my links.
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Quantum Entanglement:
youtu.be/hiyKxhETXd8
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
3blue1brown on Heat Equation:
youtu.be/ToIXSwZ1pJU
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Fabio Manzini, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Bosphorus, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, OnlineBookClub, Sean K, Wacky
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Benjamin Dixon, Benjamin Reynolds, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, James Coley, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Stephen Blinn, Stephen Gailey
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_diffusivity
https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/classes/de/solvingheatequation.aspx
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=hiyKxhETXd8&lc=Ugx2B10yttycigUKOu94AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=hiyKxhETXd8&lc=UgxyPMGHbaoarGOefZt4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=hiyKxhETXd8&lc=UgyYDBJ7sGCRD7Hdi5l4AaABAg
________________________________
TIME CODES
00:00 Introduction
00:36 What is infrared light?
01:22 Can you see through walls?
03:44 The Heat Equation
05:13 Experiment Time!
08:14 Revisiting the Heat Equation
09:49 The Final Experiment
10:17 Sponsor Message
11:10 Outro
11:39 Featured Comment
00:00 Cold Open
00:38 Pair Production
01:35 What is Entanglement?
04:17 History of Entanglement
05:48 Bell's Theorem
08:57 Summary
09:58 Outro
10:17 World Quantum Day
11:06 Featured Comment
#WorldQuantumDay #Quantent
quantum.gov/world-quantum-day
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Quantum Superposition:
youtu.be/ZUipVyVOm-Y
Light is Infinite:
youtu.be/vPi1lyAx4ws
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Looking Glass Universe on Entanglement:
youtu.be/Xzmp7byh77E
youtu.be/z-s3q9wlLag
MinutePhysics on Entanglement:
youtu.be/zcqZHYo7ONs
PBS Space Time on Entanglement:
youtu.be/tafGL02EUOA
Veritasium on Entanglement:
youtu.be/ZuvK-od647c
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Nikolaos Vasiloglou II
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Fabio Manzini, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Bosphorus, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, OnlineBookClub, Sean K, Wacky, Blank NA, Flying Monkey, Christopher Schiele
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Benjamin Dixon, Benjamin Reynolds, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, James Coley, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Stephen Blinn, Stephen Gailey, Don Wilshe
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bell-theorem/
journals.aps.org/pr/abstract/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777
journals.aps.org/ppf/abstract/10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195
"A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics" by John S. Townsend
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=vPi1lyAx4ws&lc=UgxXDnIUmYF6HuKsZOh4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=vPi1lyAx4ws&lc=UgxgPhOPAA5iL_fYfKt4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=vPi1lyAx4ws&lc=UgxqHpckXyMQQLerUXp4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
People:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Broglie_Big.jpg
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A308604
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A298891
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A295861
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A294080
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A312743
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A311674
https://cds.cern.ch/record/1766159
Is the speed of light finite? Or is it infinite? That depends on what geometry you're using and how you define speed. It's infinite in hyperbolic geometry, which is the proper geometry for spacetime.
00:00 Cold Open
00:49 Speed Basics
03:06 Rapidity
06:19 Hyperbolic Geometry
09:21 Infinite Speed of Light
10:26 Sponsor Message
11:15 Outro
11:38 Featured Comment
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
Length Contraction Explained:
youtu.be/TxW6_E3uLuo
What if YOU were made of Light?
youtu.be/HU6t8QvGZmA
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Nikolaos Vasiloglou II
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Fabio Manzini, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Bosphorus, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, OnlineBookClub, Sean K, Wacky, Blank NA, Flying Monkey, Christopher Schiele
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Benjamin Dixon, Benjamin Reynolds, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, James Coley, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Stephen Blinn, Stephen Gailey, Don Wilshe
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Relativ/ltrans.html
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Relativ/tdil.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapidity
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=SbfQkIeunMY&lc=UgyO_22Tg8wrImwGfjR4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=SbfQkIeunMY&lc=UgyF3tZemYyvHBrYYWl4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=SbfQkIeunMY&lc=Ugxc4pGzr52qanRQuEJ4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
CERN Video:
https://videos.cern.ch/record/2020780
youtu.be/pQhbhpU9Wrg
00:00 Cold Open
00:18 Introduction
00:48 History of the Fermi Paradox
02:48 Fermi Paradox Explained
03:55 Drake Equation Explained
07:04 The Great Filter
09:56 Rare Earth Hypothesis
10:53 Geologic Time in Galactic Years
14:48 Evolution of Intelligent Life
17:03 Conclusions
19:11 Poll Results
19:47 Outro
20:10 Featured Comment
Nick Lucid - Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
Natalie Wells - Researcher
________________________________
VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
What is Life?
youtu.be/AF2Ykg8Fq2w
Cosmic Time:
youtu.be/mbe6ZbGuQFg
________________________________
RELATED YOUTUBE VIDEOS
PBS Space Time on Fermi Paradox:
youtu.be/BAoEnV3Zt_Q
youtu.be/8wa1l7M5gU8
Kurzgesagt on Fermi Paradox:
youtu.be/sNhhvQGsMEc
youtu.be/1fQkVqno-uI
youtu.be/UjtOGPJ0URM
________________________________
SUPPORT THE SCIENCE ASYLUM
Patreon:
http://www.patreon.com/ScienceAsylum
YouTube Membership:
youtube.com/channel/UCXgNowiGxwwnLeQ7DXTwXPg/join
Advanced Theoretical Physics (Paperback):
http://www.lulu.com/shop/nick-lucid/advanced-theoretical-physics-a-historical-perspective/paperback/product-24250687.html
Advanced Theoretical Physics (eBook):
gumroad.com/l/ubSc
Merchandise:
http://shop.spreadshirt.com/scienceasylum
________________________________
HUGE THANK YOU TO THESE SUPPORTERS
Asylum Counselors:
Nikolaos Vasiloglou II
Asylum Orderlies:
Dhruv Singhal, Fabio Manzini, Medec Hurtz
Einsteinium Crazies:
Bosphorus, Eoin O'Sullivan, Ilya Yashin, Jonathan Lima, Joseph Salomone, OnlineBookClub, Sean K, Wacky, Blank NA, Flying Monkey, Christopher Schiele
Plutonium Crazies:
Al Davis, Compuart, Ellis Hall, Kevin MacLean, Rick Myers, Vid Icarus
Platinum Crazies:
Benjamin Dixon, Benjamin Reynolds, Clayton Bruckert, David Johnston, James Coley, Jon Adams, Jonas Wepeel, Jonathan Reel, Marino Hernandez, Mikayla Eckel Cifrese, Mr. Orn Jonasar, Olga Cooperman, Stephen Blinn, Stephen Gailey, Don Wilshe
________________________________
OTHER SOURCES
General Background:
seti.org/project-ozma
seti.org/drake-equation-index
aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/30665
lanl.gov/discover/publications/1663/2013-july/_assets/docs/firsts.pdf
osti.gov/biblio/5746675-where-everybody-account-fermi-question
Details and Facts:
https://mason.gmu.edu/~rhanson/greatfilter.html
technologyreview.com/2008/04/22/220999/where-are-they
asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/blueshift/index.php/2015/07/22/how-many-stars-in-the-milky-way
exoplanets.nasa.gov/discovery/exoplanet-catalog
scientificamerican.com/article/when-did-eukaryotic-cells
https://naturalhistory.si.edu/education/teaching-resources/life-science/early-life-earth-animal-origins
britannica.com/topic/Homo
britannica.com/topic/Homo-sapiens/Origin
Scienfic Papers:
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9841
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AsBio..16..359F/abstract
arxiv.org/abs/1806.02404
doi.org/10.2307/2709100
doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1247
Books:
openstax.org/details/books/astronomy
"Intelligent Life in the Universe." by I. S. Shklovskii & Carl Sagan (1966)
books.google.com/books/about/Intelligent_Life_in_the_Universe.html?id=QrnoPwAACAAJ
"Is Anyone Out There?" by Frank Drake & Dava Sobel (1992)
books.google.com/books/about/Is_Anyone_Out_There.html?id=DYXvAAAAMAAJ
"If the Universe Is Teeming with Aliens ... WHERE IS EVERYBODY?: Fifty Solutions to the Fermi Paradox and the Problem of Extraterrestrial Life" by Stephen Webb (2002)
books.google.com/books/about/If_the_Universe_Is_Teeming_with_Aliens_W.html?id=Kp6g79LuKWEC
________________________________
LINKS TO COMMENTS
youtube.com/watch?v=fivCstgXlDo&lc=Ugxl3ekHrRHBwSMlaax4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=fivCstgXlDo&lc=Ugy9jlvTtIkSA6i9vOV4AaABAg
youtube.com/watch?v=fivCstgXlDo&lc=UgzkGAgy76jmjMfLPYV4AaABAg
________________________________
IMAGE CREDITS
Heavy Bombardment (Bennu's Journey):
svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=20220
Los Alamos ID Badge Photos:
lanl.gov/about/history-innovation/badges.php
Herbert York:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Herbert_York.jpg
Frank Drake:
repository.aip.org/islandora/object/nbla%3A291451