Quick Biochemistry BasicsThis video is about difference between Fehling and Benedict test. Both test are used for detecting glucose in urine as a positive indication of diabetes. The major difference between Fehling and Benedict test is that the active component in Fehling test is copper tartrate complex while that in Benedict is copper citrate complex.
Difference between fehling and benedict testQuick Biochemistry Basics2019-05-16 | This video is about difference between Fehling and Benedict test. Both test are used for detecting glucose in urine as a positive indication of diabetes. The major difference between Fehling and Benedict test is that the active component in Fehling test is copper tartrate complex while that in Benedict is copper citrate complex.Yeast two hybrid system | Protein - protein interactionQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-11-24 | The yeast two hybrid system is used to study, protein protein interaction.Flow CytometryQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-11-09 | Flow cytometry is a technique widely used in cell biology. The instrument that performs flow cytometry is called flow cytometer. The flow cytometer can calculate several parameters such as the number of cells, flourescence in cells, presence of granules and cell size in real time. The flow cytometer can also perform cell sorting, where it separates the cells with the help of electric field.Surface Plasmon ResonanceQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-10-13 | Surface plasmon resonance is an optical based technique, used to detect interaction between molecules, in real time. Surface plasmon resonance occurs when a metal is placed on the top of surface, where light is undergoing total internal reflection. A group of electrons in the metal absorbs the energy from the light undergoing total internal reflection. As a result of energy absorption, the group of electrons starts oscillating. These group of electrons is known as plasmon and the phenomenon is known as surface plasmon resonance. Because of SPR, a dark zone appears in the refracted light.Tryptophan operonQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-09-23 | Tryptophan operon, commonly known as trp operon is regulated at two levels. One is by the trp repressor that inhibits transcription of trp genes when the concentration of tryptophan is high and other is by the leader sequence that forms a termination loop to halt RNA polymerase, causing transcription attenuation.Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)Quick Biochemistry Basics2022-09-12 | Pulse field gel electrophoresis is a common technique used for the separation of large DNA fragments and chromosomes. In PFGE the electric field is applied at an angle (across the diagonal) alternatively. As a result of alternate electric field applied at an angle, the large DNA fragments takes a long time to orient themselves in the changing electric field, as compared to short DNA fragments. This allows separation and resolution of DNA fragments.Isoelectric Focusing and 2D gel electrophoresisQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-08-18 | Iso-Electric focusing is widely used for proteome analysis. Isoelectric focusing is based on the concept of isoelectric pH. The pH at which net charge on protein becomes zero, is called isoelectric pH of protein. Such protein will have equal number of positive and negative charge. As a result net charge become zero. The separation of proteins is carried out on gel with pH gradient. Isoelectric focusing is often followed by electrophoresis in second dimension. This is also known as Two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D gel electrophoresis)SDS PAGE vs Native PAGEQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-07-31 | This is a quick short video on the difference between SDS PAGE AND Native PAGE.SDS PAGE | Stacking vs Resolving gelQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-07-24 | SDS PAGE is a common technique used for the analysis of proteins. The SDS PAGE gel is a discontinuous gel. The stacking gel has a pH of 6.8 where as the resolving gel has pH of 8.8. The stacking gel plays an important role in stacking all protein molecules in one line so that excellent resolution can be obtained in the resolving gel.ElectrophoresisQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-07-13 | Electrophoresis is one of the widely used technique for the separation and purification of bio-molecules like DNA, RNA and protein. Electrophoresis means movement of charged particles under the influence of an external electric field. Electrophoresis can be of several types such as Agarose gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE, Capillary electrophoresis, 2D gel electrophoresis and pulse field gel electrophoresis.Histone AcetylationQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-06-15 | Histone acetylation is a phenomenon in which acetate groups are transferred to histones. This addition neutralizes the histones and affects binding with the DNA. The cells have enzymes that regulates acetylation and deacetylation of histones. Enzyme histone acetyl transferase is involved in histone acetylation while the enzyme histone deacetylase is involved in histone deacetylation. The acetylation and deacetylation of histones play a key role in regulation of transcription.Histones | DNA and HistonesQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-05-27 | This video is about DNA, Histones and Nucleosomes. The experiments that led to the discovery and purification of Histones have been discussed.Density gradient centrifugationQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-04-29 | The term density gradient means - the density of liquid in centrifuge tube keeps changing with distance. During centrifugation, the sample particles accumulates in the region where the density of particles becomes equal to the density of the liquid medium. Density gradient centrifugation has wide applications in biochemistry, cell biology and molecular biology.differential centrifugeQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-04-19 | Differential centrifuge is one of the common biochemistry and cell biology technique, used for the separation of cell organelles and sub-cellular particles present in the sample. It works by treating the sample with increasing centrifugal force in a step wise manner.RCF | Relative centrifugal forceQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-03-22 | Relative centrifugal force which is also termed as RCF is a unit-less number. RCF is calculated as the ratio of centrifugal force and force due to gravity. RCF depends on RPM of the centrifuge. Thus this video describes the derivation of equation for calculation of RCF using RPM.Centrifuge IntroductionQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-03-10 | Centrifuge is a common instrument used in lab for separation. It uses centrifugal force, a force that pushes the sample particles away from the rotating axis. Centrifuge can be classified into several types such as - Low speed centrifuge, High speed centrifuge and ultra-centrifuge.tRNA | Discovery of tRNAQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-02-23 | A quick short video on how tRNA was discovered.mRNA | Discovery of mRNAQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-02-05 | This video is regarding the experiments that led to the discovery of mRNA.Homologous, Orthologous, paralogous, Analogous genes.Quick Biochemistry Basics2022-01-14 | Homologous genes are the genes with same function. Paralogous genes are the genes with different function within the same species. Orthologous genes are the genes having same function in two different specis with common ancestor. Analogous genes are the genes with same function in two completely different species.SAGE | Serial Analysis of Gene ExpressionQuick Biochemistry Basics2022-01-09 | SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) is a molecular technique used to get information about the transcription profile. The mRNA is converted into cDNA and short fragments of the cDNA are self ligated to form a long chain, which is finally ligated into a plasmid. The insert present in the plasmid is amplified by PCR and sent for DNA sequencing. The sequencing analysis will give information about the presence of genes (that formed the mRNA) and their copy number.Western blotQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-12-07 | Western blot is a molecular technique that helps in the identification of specific protein in the given sample.DIC Microscopy | Differential interference contrast | DIC vs Phase contrast.Quick Biochemistry Basics2021-10-07 | DIC is also termed as Differential interference contrast Microscope. This microscopy technique uses the polarizer and a special type of prism to split light into two rays (or two waves) known as the e ray and the o ray. Both the rays are separated by a small distance known as the shear distance. There is also a phase difference between both the rays. Both the rays passes through the specimen and further hits the second prism which combines them into a single ray. finally the image observed has one bright region and other dark region. the physics involved in DIC microscope has been discussed in detail. Finally we also compare DIC and phase contrast microscope as both of them can be confusing.Optical tweezersQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-09-18 | Optical tweezers is an instrument that traps particles using the LASER. Noble prize 2018 was awarded for the application of optical tweezers in the biological system. In this video we will see the working of optical tweezers, The physics behind it, optical tweezers instrument and measurement of molecular forces using optical tweezers.Discovery of Cytokinins | Function of cytokininsQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-09-04 | Cytokinins (also known as kinetin) are a class of plant compounds that promote cell division or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. They are involved primarily in cell growth, differentiation, morphogenesis and prevent chlorosis of leaves.Discovery of GibberellinsQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-08-24 | Gibberellins were discovered in 1920s when scientists were studying rice seeds. play an important role in cell elongation, development of flowers and breaking the dormancy of the seeds.Discovery of AuxinQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-08-11 | This is a quick short animated video on the Discovery of Auxins and its effect on plants. The classical experiments that led to the discovery of auxin have been discussed in detail.Leucine zipper motifQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-07-20 | Leucine zipper is a DNA binding motif that is formed by the dimerization of two alpha helix monomers. The dimer forms due to the presence of hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine at the C-terminal end of the protein. The dimer of alpha helix protein forms a Zipper like structure and hence termed as Leucine zipper motif.Zinc finger motifQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-07-14 | Zinc finger motif or zinc finger domain is a common protein motif that binds zinc ions and forms a finger like structure. This finger like structure binds the major groove of the DNA and regulates its transcription.Avoid confusion between - Nucleotide Excision repair vs Base excision repair vs Mismatch repairQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-07-06 | This is a quick video on memory tips and mnemonics to avoid confusion between Nucleotide Excision repair, Base excision repair, Mismatch repair.DNA Mismatch repairQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-06-22 | This is a quick short animated video on Mismatch repair. The DNA mismatch repair is a repair pathway that removes the mismatch from the DNA. The proteins involved in the mismatch repair mechanism are mutS, mutL and mutH.Base excision repairQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-06-15 | Base excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism that removes the chemically modified bases from the DNA. The Enzyme involved in Base excision repair is DNA glycosylases. The DNA glycosylases, enzyme removes the modified base to create an AP site. This site is then cleaved by AP endonuclease and repaired by DNA pol I and ligase.Nucleotide excision repairQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-06-11 | DNA repair - Nucleotide excision repair. NER is a DNA repair mechanism by which the pyrimidine dimers are removed. Proteins such as uvrA uvrB uvrC and uvrD plays an important role in this process.DNA repair PhotoreactivationQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-06-07 | DNA repair by Photoreactivation. This is a DNA repair mechanism in which the enzyme DNA photolyase removes the pyrimidine dimers form the DNA. The binding of photolyase with the dimer occurs in dark, where as the catalysis of dimer removal requires light. Hence this phenomenon is known as photoreactivation.HFR | High Frequency RecombinationQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-05-30 | A high-frequency recombination (HFR) is a cell, with a conjugative plasmid integrated into its chromosomal DNA. The integration of the plasmid into the cell's chromosome is through homologous recombination. Because of HFR it is possible for the cell to transfer its whole chromosome to the recipient cell during conjugation. This process usually takes around 90 to 100 minutes to complete as the genomic DNA is very large.Conjugation in ProkaryotesQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-05-17 | This is a quick short animated video on prokartotic conjugation.Growth curveQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-04-15 | This is a quick short video on the growth curve (lag phase, exponential phase and the stationary phase) and the equation for the growth curve.Prokaryotic Ribosomes | 70S RibosomesQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-03-25 | This is a quick short animated video on 70S Ribosomes present in prokaryotes. The ribosomes are made up of two subunits which are termed as 30S and 50S ribosomes. The ribosomes are made up of proteins and rRNA (which are 23S, 5S and 16S rRNA).Gram stainingQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-03-14 | A short video on one of the widely used technique called Gram staining.Peptidoglycan | Prokaryotic cell wallQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-02-21 | ...Prokaryotic inclusion bodiesQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-01-26 | This is a quick short video on the inclusion bodies in prokaryotes.ChemotaxisQuick Biochemistry Basics2021-01-10 | This is a quick short video on chemotaxis of prokaryotic cells.Ultra-structure of Flagella (Prokaryotic)Quick Biochemistry Basics2020-12-08 | This is a short video on the Ultrastructure of prokaryotic Flagella.Prokaryotic FlagellaQuick Biochemistry Basics2020-11-27 | This is a short video on prokaryotic flagella.Cell membraneQuick Biochemistry Basics2020-11-19 | quick short video on cell membrane.C4 PathwayQuick Biochemistry Basics2020-11-11 | C4 Pathway for carbon fixation.Calvin cycle (part 2) regeneration of RuBPQuick Biochemistry Basics2020-11-06 | Regeneration of RuBP in Calvin cycle.Calvin cycle (part 1)Quick Biochemistry Basics2020-10-21 | This is a quick short animated video on Calvin cycleGlyoxylate cycleQuick Biochemistry Basics2020-08-19 | This is a quick video on glyoxylate cycle.TCA Cycle and anabolismQuick Biochemistry Basics2020-08-12 | This video is about anabolism and TCA cycle.Members of TCA Cycle | Chemistry of TCA cycleQuick Biochemistry Basics2020-08-05 | This video is about the structure of members of TCA cycle.TCA Cycle stepsQuick Biochemistry Basics2020-08-03 | This video is about the steps of TCA cycle.